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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);border-right-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">杨　忍</strong>　中山大学地理科学与规划学院</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">陈燕纯</strong>　中山大学地理科学与规划学院</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文刊载</strong>：杨忍,陈燕纯.中国乡村地理学研究的主要热点演化及展望[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(05):601-616.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">版权说明</strong>：感谢作者授权发布，如有转载等事宜，请联系原作者。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 242, 236);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-left: 6px dotted rgb(71, 193, 168);border-right: 6px dotted rgb(71, 193, 168);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">摘要：</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;">　　以地理学主要中文期刊近40 年来刊发的有关乡村研究的文献为分析对象，采用Citespace 软件文献计量分<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">析及文献归纳方法，对中国乡村地理学研究主要热点进行识别和阶段性划分，并梳理其主要热点的研究进展。</span></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　结</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">果发现，伴随20 世纪80 年代的<strong>乡镇工业</strong>和21 世纪初以<strong>乡村旅游业</strong>兴起的乡村两次产业结构调整，以及国家乡村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展和建设的战略和政策不断调整，乡村地理学的研究热点演化大致可分为3 个阶段：</span></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　①1978-2000 年，主要聚焦</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">于乡村城市化、城乡关系、乡村聚落、农业发展、农村经济等研究，为国家和地区的农业与农村发展做出了基础性和</span>战略性贡献。</p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;">　　②2000-2008 年，开始转向以乡村旅游、农村居民点、新农村建设、村庄规划、空心村等研究热点话题，<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中国乡村地理学发展<strong>改变了“重城轻乡”的学科格局</strong>，逐渐走向繁荣。</span></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　③2008 年至今，研究热点转向多元化，涉及</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村转型、乡村重构、乡村性、空间重构、乡村社区、乡村治理等，<strong>研究主题逐渐接轨于国际乡村地理学。</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　未来中国</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村地理学的研究应以建设乡村地理学学科基础理论和方法体系为核心目标，服务于国家实施乡村振兴战略需</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要，积极关注乡村发展、转型、分化、重构与治理等核心话题，深化乡村多元空间价值理论研究，形成独具中国特色</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的乡村地理学理论框架和研究范式。</span></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关键词：</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村地理学；乡村发展；乡村重构；乡村振兴；中国</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-top: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1 引言</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　乡村地理学以城市以外的广大乡村地区为研<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">究对象，致力于研究乡村地区人文地理问题，主要</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集中研究乡村地区社会经济地域系统及其环境关</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">系，以及预测其发展的科学(金其铭, 1988)。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　在世界</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">范围内，乡村地理学一直是人文地理学重要分支学</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">科，在第二次世界大战以后，世界城市化作为经济</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社会发展的主要旋律，城市逐渐成为学界研究的重</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点，对乡村地区研究逐渐弱化。在高度城市化、城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市发展区域化及全球化等背景下，国际上对乡村的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究历经繁荣、衰退、内省和复兴繁荣几个阶段。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">20 世纪70 年代以来，在世界范围内出现了乡村地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理复兴的趋势，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村地理学的研究主题逐渐呈现多</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">元化特点</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，乡村性、乡村重构、乡村文化、乡村社会</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">变迁、乡村土地利用、乡村制度等，以及全球化对乡</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村发展影响等引起全面关注(Woods, 2012)。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中国</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村地理学的研究始于20 世纪30 年代，早期主要</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">侧重于乡村聚落和土地利用两方面的研究。</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">竺可</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">桢先生提出地理学服务于农业发展，农业地理学者</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">承担或参与了全国农业资源调查、农业区划、1:100</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">万土地利用图等重大研究任务，农业地理学的研究</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">逐渐走向兴盛繁荣，为国家和地区的建设作出了基</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">础性和战略性的贡献(刘彦随等, 2011)。50-60 年</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">代，邓静中先生首次探讨了农业区划的理论和方</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">法，所著《中国农业区划方法论研究》一书，对中国</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的农业区划方案的拟定，为因地制宜地发展农业生</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">产提供了重要科学依据，促进了各省区和县级农业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区划工作的开展(刘彦随等, 2011)。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">70 年代末，在李</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">旭旦和吴传钧等老先生倡导下，中国人文地理学全</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面复兴和发展。</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">吴传钧先生提出经济地理学是具</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有自然—技术—经济三结合特点的边缘科学，人地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关系地域系统是其核心研究对象。乡村地理学作</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为人文地理学重要分支学科，在人地关系地域系统</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理论的指导下，长期致力乡村地域系统的要素、结</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">构、功能的演化与影响机制的研究，研究成果更是</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">服务于农业和农村的发展。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自1980 年代初期农村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实行家庭联产承包责任制以来，乡村遇到发展的大</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">好形势，在发展过程中也出现了许多需要迫切解决</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的问题。</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此时，城市快速发展，城乡差距拉大，城乡</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人口流动加剧，乡村地区面临经济、空间、社会的急</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">剧变化，涌现出很多热点问题，比如乡村劳动力转</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">移、乡村居民点结构体系、乡镇企业、土地评价和开</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发保护、乡村经济发展模式和乡村规划等。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.578125" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB792YOJx5UsySyJBsmouyhfjod2yK61P7uLu3fQ5FQMM22GV4hYgZuB8eOKrnhssic1KNIMQfARpFWg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;">图源：视觉中国</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　新时期，伴随中国城镇化和工业化的持续推进，乡村地域的人地关系发生巨大变化，出现了<strong>农村“空心化”、农业结构调整、土地流转、农业用地边际化</strong>等一些乡村发展的新现象和问题(龙花楼等,2014; 杨忍等, 2015a)。在国家和地区新农村建设、美丽乡村建设、精准扶贫等政策推动下，掀起了乡村地理学一轮又一轮的研究热潮，研究热点出现不断推移和转变。全面梳理乡村地理学研究热点的演化特征，有利于理清中国乡村地理研究的脉络，更好地抓住乡村地理研究的核心和主线。在国家最新提出实施乡村振兴战略背景下，乡村地理学的学科使命进一步凸显，除服务于国家乡村振兴战略需求实践外，还须强化学科基础理论研究。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>本文基于Citespace 软件，利用文献计量分析方法，统计得到近40 年来乡村地理学研究热点演化特征，并总结其主要研究进展。在此基础上，展望未来乡村地理学研究核心内容框架和逻辑主线，为学科发展和中国乡村振兴的实践提供参考。</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-top: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2 研究方法和数据来源</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　传统文献综述方法对所有文献的识别难以面<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面俱到，为此本文采用文献计量学及文献归纳的方</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">法，借助Citespace 工具辅助热点识别，针对性选择</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共词分析，进而可视化热点结果。在软件绘制的共</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">词知识图谱中，每一个节点代表一个研究主题，节</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点越大，代表该主题下文献量越多，即为热点。节</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点之间的连线代表各主题之间的共现关系，粗细代</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">表强度。节点及连线的颜色代表年份，年份从早到</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">晚呈现出冷色调向暖色调的变化，从而揭示出各热</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点间的时间演变过程。此外，通过频次、突现度</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(burst)等识别出重要和关键节点。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　本文的统计数据</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来源于中国知网(CNKI)，以“乡村”或含“农村”为主</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">题词对地理学报、地理科学、地理研究、地理科学进</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展、经济地理、人文地理等23 种国内地理学和城乡</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划学科的核心期刊文献进行检索，检索时间为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1979-2017 年，在剔除书评、会议介绍、简讯、校正类</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等不相关条目后得到相关文献共3488篇。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6265625" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB792YOJx5UsySyJBsmouyhfjpicyc4b9woDjBnWbdRqmGgsgn6h7FtGrxpGA12GzGmvyjCOVNk6ichcg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;">图源：cc0</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 19px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-top: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;">3 乡村地理学研究热点演化</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;">与主要研</span></strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;">究进展</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(71, 193, 168);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);border-right-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);border-left-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-size: 14px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1 乡村地理学研究热点演化特征及阶段划分</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　运用Citespace 软件作关键词词频分析，即在文<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">献信息中提取能够表达文献核心内容的关键词频</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">次的高低分布生成网络图谱，因此，分析字段选择</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“关键词”，分析时间为1979-2017 年，时间切片为3</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">年，为使生成的网络相对更加全面，将阈值设为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">top100，即提取每个时间切片排名前100 位的文献</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">数据生成网络，该网络节点数为776，路径数为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2705，经过滤和合并得到乡村地理学领域的关键词</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共现图谱(图1)，得到乡村地理学领域的39 个热点</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">词，结合各关键词词频等信息(表1)，大致可分3 个</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">阶段。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　第一阶段(1978-2000 年)，乡村地理学的研究</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主要聚焦于乡村城市化、乡村聚落、城乡一体化、农</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村经济、农村工业、基础设施、农村人口、农业生产、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可持续发展等偏向经济建设的主题；</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　第二阶段</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2000-2008 年)，乡村地理学研究热点话题转为乡村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">旅游、乡村景观、新农村建设、土地利用等；</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　第三阶</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">段(2008 年至今)，乡村地理学的研究趋向多元化，涉</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">及经济、社会、环境、空间等方面，主要包括新型城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">镇化、城乡统筹、乡村规划、农村居民点、空心村、城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中村、美丽乡村、古村落、乡村性、空间重构、乡村治</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理、新型农村社区、人居环境、乡村复兴、农村住宅、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新农村、村庄整治、感知、公共空间、电子商务等核</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">心主题。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="558" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="256" data-ratio="0.45859375" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB792YOJx5UsySyJBsmouyhfj1blt7LOd75iaRNgKgVOkzuGjVDQRaGq6EqUD4BIGlf2Wn5fibGypKyyg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1280" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 558px;height: 256px;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;">图1 1978年以来乡村地理学领域的关键词共现网络</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(71, 193, 168);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);border-right-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);border-left-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-size: 14px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2 1979-2000年：乡村地理学研究热点演化及进展</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　<strong>1979-2000 年</strong>，乡村地理学研究热点集中于<strong>乡<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村城市化、城乡一体化、农村经济、农村工业化、基</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">础设施、农村人口、农业生产</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等方面(表1)。1978-</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2000 年，农村经济发展历经农村联产承包责任制、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡镇企业和小城镇第三产业发展等多次浪潮。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;">表1 乡村地理学文献热点词信息</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="558" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="348" data-ratio="0.6227272727272727" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB792YOJx5UsySyJBsmouyhfjeNSPJmhhh3T4sgMETAUw6kVzzrrOjSdfJ8GDXTzj9k3j4jglyONeDg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1980" style="height: 347px;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 558px;"  /></section></section></section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">20</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">世纪80 年代</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，乡镇企业快速发展，该时期</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主要围绕</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制度创新、地方交通网络构建、村镇空间布局、第三</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">产业发展</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等，对集镇和农村经济发展影响等方面开</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展研究</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。自下而上的农村工业化促进了乡村城市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化，带来了“离土不离乡”的特殊农村发展模式(李</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">宝库, 1997)。城市化滞后于工业化和农村工业向</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇集聚发展阻力的存在，导致中国“无城镇化的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">工业化”问题普遍存在，乡镇企业制度和企业产权</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">及空间具有强烈的优化重组需求，乡村空间整合与</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展等引起学界普遍关注(任新保, 1983)。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　同时，农</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村工业化存在技术含量低、效益低、环境污染等一</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">系列问题。苗长虹(1998)分析了农村工业的发展及</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">环境特点、农村工业产业结构优化、工业布局方式、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展模式等。由于资源禀赋、技术条件、市场环境</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等差异性，致使农村工业化发展存在显著区域差</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">异，农村工业竞争力评价，以及农村工业地区竞争</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">力差异分析等引起关注，樊杰(1996)从多尺度视角</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综合分析了农村工业化的发展水平、驱动机制等方</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面差异，农村工业化过程机制及优化调控的研究走</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">向多元化。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　乡镇企业及乡村工业化带来持续动力，城市和<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村出现了新的社会分工，工业品下乡，农副产品</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进城，承担商品交换市场角色的农村集镇迅速发</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展。农民收入增加助推了乡村“建房热”，政府适时</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">推动村镇建设，将村镇建设纳入国家的经济、社会</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展计划，以规划、建设、管理等推动村镇发展。这</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一过程带有城市化特征，乡村城市化(城镇化)逐渐</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成为该阶段的研究热点。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　学界对于乡村城镇化的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">道路问题存在诸多争议，在“离土不离乡”或“离土</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">又离乡”等乡村城市化的模式上，出现“大城市论”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“ 中等城市论”“ 小城镇论”等主张( 刘彦随等,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2012)。部分学者通过分析和借鉴国外经验，强调</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多样化的乡村城市化道路，提倡重新思考城乡的划</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分问题，积极探索城乡一体化的理论和路径等(税</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">尚楠等, 1984)，同时注重村镇规划和建设的思路探</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">索(程天坦等, 1986)。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6078125" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB792YOJx5UsySyJBsmouyhfj08WttBF4utZt3oMiaHoVPPTicrgT7iaMPmhVkCS6JzWFia4BTaF6KwHEYA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;">图源：cc0</p></section></section></section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　第二次乡村城市化研究热潮</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出现在<strong>20世纪90年代</strong>，以小城镇发展为主的乡村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市化达到一定规模，尤其在沿海地区，也暴露出</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">耕地锐减、环境恶化、空间无序等问题，部分学者意</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">识到乡镇企业的规模集聚效益有限，<strong>出现了</strong></span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对乡村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市化是异地迁移还是就地转化的路径讨论</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(贾绍</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">风, 1998)。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　基于</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">小城镇及乡村城市化的特征、类</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">型、空间格局及运行机制</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等研究，更多地提倡集约、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">内涵式的城乡一体化道路和区域可持续发展(冯</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">健, 1999)城市化加快了农村人口向城市流动，以</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市发展为出发点，有的学者对乡村人口流动的规</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">模和时空过程进行了系统分析(顾朝林等, 1999)，探</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">索促进农村人口向城市人口转变的途径和方式，以</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">探寻提高城市化质量的途径和机制( 周一星,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1986)。90 年代，农村地区剩余劳动力的转移问题</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是乡村人口问题研究的重点，学者深入探索了“离</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">土又离乡”和“离土不离乡”两种途径，在不同尺度</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上揭示农村地区剩余劳动力流动的时空规律和机</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制(宋金平, 1996)。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　随着乡镇工业兴起和发展，农村生计非农化和<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化持续加快，城乡商品、人流、信息等交流日益</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">频繁，但仍存在城乡联结渠道狭窄、经济交流形式</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">呆板、相互重复建设和低水平的竞争等问题(孙自</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">铎, 1989)。对此，孙自铎(1989)提出加速我国城乡</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一体化进程的思路，城乡一体化研究逐渐兴起。杨</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">荣南等(1998)构建了城乡一体化评价指标体系，剖</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">析城乡一体化的条件、主要动力和可操作路径。魏</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">清泉(1998)从城乡关系的动态变化视角考察城乡融</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合发展过程，针对东莞分散化的乡村工业化带来城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡空间混杂问题，提出“城乡融合区”的地域空间结</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">构概念。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　自下而上的农村工业化过程促进农村经</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">济社会发展，学者们围绕农村经济发展的综合评价</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(皮策民, 1987)、农村经济区划指标体系(张步艰,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1990)、农村经济区划理论(张教平等, 1999)等开展了</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一系列研究。在理论和方法上，周立三(1990)提</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出将生态经济理论等理论和方法工具，应用于农村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经济区划。吴传钧等(1999)以人地关系地域系统为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理论指导，在全国范围开展了中国农村与农业持续</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展综合研究。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　农村经济全面发展助推了乡村居</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">住和生产空间持续扩张，乡村聚落的空间结构特征</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">及类型特征(金其铭, 1988; 张小林, 1998)，以及古村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">落等人居空间的保护等研究引起了乡村地理学界</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">普遍关注(刘沛林, 1997)。随着可持续发展理论在</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地理学研究中应用，着眼于城乡关系，冯健(1999)提</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出城市内涵发展和乡村生存与有序发展模式，以构</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建区域可持续发展的整体框架。陈晓键(1999)从人</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">居环境角度，解析了乡村聚居环境的可持续发展障</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">碍和提出相应对策。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(71, 193, 168);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);border-right-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);border-left-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-size: 14px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.3 2000-2008年：乡村地理学研究热点演化及进展</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　<strong>2000-2008 年，中国农村历经了快速发展转型<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过程</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。从2004 年开始，连续14 年的中央一号文件</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">持续关注中国农业、农村、农民的发展问题；2004 年</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和2005 年国家分别开始实行减征或免征农业税和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新农村建设战略。这一时期，乡村地理学在中国的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展逐渐走出“重城轻乡”的阶段，除乡村城市化、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城乡关系和乡村聚落等持续作为研究热点外，乡村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">旅游、乡村景观、新农村建设、土地利用等逐渐成为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新的研究热点。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　伴随快速城镇化进程，乡村经济发展方式和产<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业结构出现了显著变化。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村生活和自然景观满</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">足了城市居民回归自然和休闲的身心需求，乡村地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区尤其是靠近大中城市的郊区旅游发展蓬勃(王云</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">才等, 2005)。<strong>乡村旅游研究</strong>更多地从</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村旅游内</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">涵、旅游需求特征、旅游产品设计、旅游开发模式</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">角度分析旅游开发转型道路。乡村旅游这一关键</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">词的共现频次为70，是网络中第4 大研究热点(图</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1)。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　在乡村旅游内涵方面，认为乡村旅游是区别于</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市地域的、绿色的、生态的，以及可持续发展的旅</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">游类型。在需求分析方面，发现旅游需求初期表现</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出以乡村文化主题为趋向、以自组织为形式、以中</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">低消费为主并且受社会环境多因素影响的特征(潘</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">秋玲, 1999)。在旅游开发方面，吕连琴等(2002)提</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">倡类型多样化、功能复合化、建设生态化、运营品牌</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化等的高级化产品设计导向；张艳等(2007)提出文</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化观光型、体验型和综合型的产品开发模式，同时</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从乡村意象角度提出树立和维护鲜明的乡村意象、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">开发特色旅游项目、开辟“乡村—城郊结合部—城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市”大旅游区的开发方式。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　李德明等(2005)则从乡村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">旅游与经济发展之间的关系角度提出，政府主导发</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展驱动等促进乡村旅游与农村经济发展两者互动</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">持续发展的模式。另外，也出现了对乡村旅游电子</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">商务、乡村旅游安全、旅游消费行为等的相关研究</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(熊剑平等, 2006)。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.628125" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB792YOJx5UsySyJBsmouyhfjwmxhnvJ0ibibicawDWfvOogHdpgW7ju8kFz2RxLPwPPn0MGn2g6H6cMZQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">图源：cc0</span></p></section></section></section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　2005 年，国家提出以“生产发展、生活宽裕、乡<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">风文明、村容整洁、管理民主”为内容的新农村建设</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">战略。乡村地理学积极响应服务于国家战略需求，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">着重研究<strong>新农村建设途径和模式</strong>等，其模式包括旅</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">游业和农村经济互动持续发展模式和平原农村多</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">种专业化发展模式等(李德明等, 2005)。刘彦随等</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2002)提出产业化、生态化、国际化和地区化的农村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可持续发展方向与模式；指出新农村建设须遵循乡</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村转型发展规律，重在科学规划、分区推进(刘彦</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随, 2007)。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在新农村建设推进和市场经济渗透的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">背景下，乡村社会“差序格局”出现变化</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，规划策略</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">相应进行调整。期间围绕</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村庄规划编制的理论基</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">础、指导思想、规划方法、调控机制</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等展开了广泛探</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">讨(胡娟等, 2006)，并积极探索“村落空间资源化”的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设思路等(胡雪松等, 2006)。新农村建设应注重</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保护自然环境景观，乡村景观逐渐成为研究热点之</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一，主要集中于乡村景观分类(李振鹏等, 2005)、乡</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村景观评价(谢花林等, 2003)、乡村景观格局及演</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">变、乡村景观规划、乡村景观的优化和发展等。但</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综合集成建筑学、地理学和生态等多学科的理论和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方法，对乡村景观的微形态结构和混杂性的演化过</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">程与形成机制的研究有待加强。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(71, 193, 168);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);border-right-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);border-left-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);font-size: 14px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.4 2008-2017年：乡村地理学研究热点演化及进展</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　<strong>2008 年至今</strong><strong>，乡村地理学的研究趋向多元化，<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">涉及经济、社会、环境、空间等诸多方面</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，主要有新</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">型城镇化、城乡统筹、乡村规划、农村居民点、空心</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村、城中村、美丽乡村、古村落、乡村性、空间重构、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村治理、新型农村社区、人居环境、乡村复兴、农</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村住宅、新农村、村庄整治、感知、公共空间、电子商</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">务等话题。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　<strong>乡村城市化</strong>热点词的共现词频达115 次，居关<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">键词知识图谱第一位。关于乡村城市化研究是贯</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">穿乡村地理学近40 年的一大研究热点，包括城市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化、城镇化和新型城镇化等概念。在城镇化进程</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中，一般国家都经历了城乡分化、隔离、对立转向城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡融合、一体发展的转型过程(刘彦随等, 2012)。随</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">着中国进入城乡融合发展关键期，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城乡转型的过</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">程、动力机制和资源环境效应</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成为了城镇化研究的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新议题(刘彦随等, 2015)。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　在国家“城乡统筹”的区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">域发展战略驱动下，</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公共资源在城乡之间的均衡配</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">置机制</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的研究成为新时期城乡关系研究的新热点</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(杨忍等, 2016)。刘荣增等(2012)将共生理论和耦</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合协同理论与方法用于不同区域尺度的城乡统筹</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">水平及差异的综合评价和城乡一体协调机制分析；</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">刘彦随等(2015)从城乡空间构型的视角开展城乡发</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展空间转型和敏感性的研究。新兴旅游业、文化创</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">意产业等为乡村地区带来新的发展动力，乡村旅游</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">能有效地引导乡村城市化(保继刚等, 2015; 黄震方</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等, 2015)，同时实现领域重构和资源再配置过程(刘</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">云刚等, 2016)。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　在国家新型城镇化战略背景下，众</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多学者基于新型城镇化背景提出未来乡村发展与</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">转型路径和策略。一方面，提倡保护乡村地区活力</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和古村落整体保护等(叶定敏等, 2014)，认为文化创</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">意产业对乡村传统村落转型和改造产生重要作用</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(李郇等, 2016)。另一方面，关注新型城镇化与乡村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">产业发展互动，致力于乡村产业发展与村民就业协</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同性基础理论研究，探索新型城镇化背景下的产业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展规划与布局的理论与实践(黄震方等, 2015)。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　在城乡发展转型过程中，乡村多维空间历经发展转</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">型与重构过程(龙花楼, 2013; 杨忍等, 2015b; 龙花</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">楼等, 2017)，诸多学者基于区域城乡统筹发展背</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">景，研究分析<strong>乡村空间重构的路径</strong>(陈小卉, 2007)</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">思路</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(肖锦成等, 2013)<strong>、乡村聚落空间发展模式</strong>(荣</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">丽华等, 2013)，以及开展了</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同区域尺度的城乡统</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">筹规划和乡村管理</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">工作(汤海孺等, 2013)。基于尺</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度和功能两个维度，申明锐等(2015)提出乡村多重</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">价值的乡村复兴理论框架，以及借鉴整合性乡村更</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新理论；张俊杰等(2016)提出了乡村更新的策略。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6875" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB792YOJx5UsySyJBsmouyhfjohP5SpemjfuQh77CLvJOmVmicaPUXgmsljOUt7DRNYgZsAhZHJuSsrw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;">图源：视觉中国</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　新农村建设的规划需求，激发<strong>村庄规划理论与实践探讨</strong>，传统自上而下的乡村规划难以适应新农村建设需求。2008 年《城乡规划法》颁布以后，将“乡规划”“村庄规划”纳入了城乡规划的统一体系，从《城市规划法》到《城乡规划法》，标志着中国在城乡规划建设发展道路上，“城市”与“乡村”规划建设二元化时代的结束和城乡规划建设一体化时代的到来。乡村规划一词突现，共现词频达37 次。孟广文等(2011)提出从城乡一体化和统筹的发展视角，综合考虑基础设施和公共服务的城乡统筹配置原则(谢霏雰等, 2016)，遵循上下结合的乡村规划模式(戴帅等, 2010)，科学有序开展村庄规划和建设。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　另外，针对乡村规划面临传统聚落与现代规划思想间的冲突，周凌(2015)强调环境改善、产业提升、文化传承是微观乡村建设的3 个重点，以绿色创意为导向的微型乡建机制是破解村庄规划难以落地的较好方式(郝琳, 2013)。在这一时期，部分学者更多关注新农村建设路径研究，王磊等(2015)提倡“经营乡村”理念推动新农村建设；吴祖泉(2015)构建了包括第三方、地方精英以及市场的非正规主体多元参与的乡村建设平台；肖红娟(2013)提出“内承传统、外持创新”的新农村建设思路。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　21 世纪初虽掀起了新一轮城乡统筹规划热潮，但<strong>城乡空间依然以城市单系统为中心，乡村空间“被边缘”</strong>。2012年，随着美丽乡村建设战略提出，全国各地均开展了<strong>美丽乡村规划的实践探索，集中在美丽乡村建设和乡村复兴路径的探讨上，以及对美丽乡村建设实践的评价和反思</strong>。在美丽乡村建设路径方面，涉及美丽乡村综合建设体系(周小龙等, 2015)、关键因素和理想路径(曾帆等, 2017)、策略和模式等(姜彬等,2016)。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　新时期，<strong>城乡空间统规划应是以优化“城乡关系”为重点的城乡空间融合规划</strong>，急需<strong>探索乡村规划决策和实施层面的农民公众参与机制</strong>。由于乡村规划存在着复杂性和困难性(张尚武, 2014)，规划实践中面临诸多难题，胡智超等(2011)系统归纳了村庄规划建设中存在的人口、资金、组织、公共服务、规划、公众参与等方面的问题，以及保障力短缺、参与力短缺和服务力短缺的制约因素。进一步认识和深化城乡空间复杂性和差异性研究，是乡村规划、田园综合体和特色小镇规划的基础。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.609375" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB792YOJx5UsySyJBsmouyhfjwWM9YHDY9om2w58aArDp9Hv5aq2Wh2OibEln5OhOwN7qPWxXSKw9IicA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;">图源：视觉中国</p></section></section></section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　<strong>2008 年以后，非农化和兼业化趋势带来农户生计策略的变化，进而影响土地利用和土地覆被变化，驱动乡村人地系统的演变</strong>。在区域尺度上，生态脆弱区不同农户生计策略对土地利用产生影响(李广东等, 2012)，农户兼业行为与土地利用形态变化存在相互关系(周婧等, 2010)，同时农户生计方式的转变对乡村人居环境产生了一系列的影响。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　伴随乡村人居环境持续恶化，乡村空间问题凸显，学者们意识到<strong>对乡村的研究不能忽视最基本的单元——农户</strong>，因为农户空间行为变迁是乡村人居环境演化的主要驱动力(李伯华等, 2011)。乔家君等(2009)从农户微观视角出发，重点开展了农户的空间行为分析；部分学者深化了不同农户的土地利用行为差异(刘洪彬等, 2012)、农户适应旅游发展的行为模式(喻忠磊等, 2013)、农户消费行为空间结构演变(李伯华等, 2011)和农户对受破坏的公共空间的支付意愿等方面的研究(许家伟等, 2012)。王子侨等(2016)从农户视角更加微观地审视乡村转型的家庭特征变化与重构机制；李伯华等(2009)以消费理论模型为基础，分析农户居住空间行为演变及驱动力。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　在方法上，以案例研究和农户普查为主，并较多地结合参与式农村评价法(PRA)、可持续性生计框架、景观格局分析法、社会—生态系统理论或经济地理学理论等。农户地理学的研究能深入揭示乡村转型发展的内在机制，农户地理研究集大成专著——《农户地理论》应运而生(李小建等, 2009)。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5984375" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB792YOJx5UsySyJBsmouyhfj2ByOZvAHlN8rZWvhByNWjGQYRiaT6fy1pXYMibIaq9FiaRlMnGfgJLibxQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;">图源：视觉中国</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　<strong>乡村聚落研究</strong>一直是乡村地理学研究核心内容。以往乡村聚落研究主要集中于<strong>乡村聚落的空间结构特征</strong>(周国华等, 2011)。随着乡村的经济社会发展转型，乡村聚落经历显著的形态演变和重构，“乡村聚落”再次成为焦点，这一阶段学者们普遍采用了数量GIS 的研究方法，分析不同区域尺度的乡村聚落的空间演化的时空耦合特征及影响机制。研究尺度和区域更加多样化，如系统地对苏北地区、山地—丘陵过渡区、黄土丘陵区和典型岩溶山地等区域的乡村聚落分布特征、聚落类型、规模差异、驱动因素等进行研究(朱彬等, 2011; 郭晓东等, 2013; 李阳兵等, 2016)。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　在国家尺度上，总结出改革开放以来我国乡村聚落空间演变经历了机械型外向扩展、蔓延型外向扩展与空心化、内部重填与再集聚等3 个阶段(房艳刚等, 2009)。在区域尺度上，利用分形理论(庄至凤等, 2015)、格网分析、地理探测器等方法(杨忍等, 2015a)，分析了不同地域类型区的农村居民点的空间结构和形态，以及驱动机制等(冯应斌等, 2015)。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　在村域尺度上，关注于乡村聚落功能的变迁、聚落在选址、生长与演化中的内在机制等分析(王恩琪等, 2016)。在城乡统筹发展，“万村整治”、“城乡增减挂钩”等相关政策的驱动下，农村居民点整治和空间整合等成为研究热点，农村居民点整治是统筹城乡发展、实现新型城镇化的重要途径，农村居民点整治评价、整治模式的研究极为重要。谷晓坤等(2014)从乡村公共设施空间可达性角度评价镇域居民点整治适宜性；刘春芳等(2014)针对黄土丘陵区，归纳总结了城乡融入型、前山集约型、低山提升型、中山迁移型4 种农村居民点整治模式。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　从农村居民点空间结构和功能差异化视角，张娟锋等(2012)提出县域农村居民点圈层式布局结构和差异化整理模式；原野等(2017)归纳总结了以乡镇为主导功能的农村居民点差异化整理模式；张娟锋等(2012)发现不同区位的农村居民点的整理模式和政策驱动机制存在差异。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　<strong>乡村劳动力的持续外流，空心村的现象</strong>描述受到乡村地理学者的特别关注(刘彦随等, 2009; 刘彦随, 刘玉, 2010)，并系统开展了空心村演化生命周期理论、空间结构模式、空心村区划(杨忍等, 2012)、空心村综合整治与治理模式及优化调控技术等研究(龙花楼等, 2009; 陈玉福等, 2010; 宇林军等, 2016)；还首次完成了不同城镇化情境下的中国全域空心村的土地整治潜力综合测评(Liu et al, 2013)。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.51875" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB792YOJx5UsySyJBsmouyhfj28QJwvfXyicYHGhzia54hrSdWDCFmhc9CebdzIh8icV7mxNIFt9YibQ13g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;">图源：cc0供图网</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　<strong>乡村空间重构</strong>是近年来新兴的研究热点。初期主要研究乡村聚落的空间重构，主要关注研究乡村聚落空间结构的重新布局与调整(杨忍, 2017)。乡村景观要素的重建(房艳刚等, 2012)、聚落结构上的重组、聚落功能上的重塑是乡村空间重构的三步核心关键(陈永林等, 2016)，农村居民点空间重构类型和模式成为研究热点。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　李阳兵等(2016)认为聚落可划分为重点村镇型、优先发展型、有条件扩展型、限制扩展型和迁弃型5 类空间重构类型；梁发超等(2017)基于“居住场势”理论划分了4 种空间重构模式区；冯健等(2016)则从公共空间重构和居住生活空间重构角度试图实现空心村社会结构优化。此后，龙花楼等(2017)提出包含空间重构、经济重构、社会重构的乡村重构概念和重构路径，广泛开展了中宏观尺度上的乡村转型发展和空间重构的类型和机制的研究(龙花楼, 2012, 2013)。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　在乡村转型发展的进程中，<strong>乡村地域乡村性</strong>随之变化。张小林(1998)认为乡村性是指在世界城市化的大背景下，在一定地域内考察乡村性质的强弱(其对立面就是城市性的弱强)，比不断划分过渡地带的做法更具操作性和可比性，每个地区都可看作是城市性与乡村性的统一体，城乡之间不存在断裂点。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　乡村性研究是乡村地理学研究国际热点话题，国内乡村性的研究主要集中于乡村性评价体系的构建、乡村性评价与类型和乡村性的空间格局及演变过程(孟欢欢等, 2013)。龙花楼等(2009)构建乡村性评价指标体系对东部沿海地区乡村进行综合评价，并归纳为农业主导、工业主导、商旅服务和均衡发展等4 种发展类型；张荣天等(2013)利用空间自相关、空间变差函数等测度模型探究乡村性空间格局演变和机理；张勇等(2016)从乡村日常生活出发，从个人、家庭、村集体等3 个维度考察了乡村性转型的主要路径。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.703125" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB792YOJx5UsySyJBsmouyhfjaglHrAcsUebKfh1DqWdhfPqna669S9TzG3GXXj8BWCx5oY77aJN7MQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;">图源：cc0供图网</p></section></section></section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　<strong>乡村治理</strong>由来已久，在城乡一体化进程中，乡村产业、就业、生活、土地等方面出现新的变化和政策调整(杨忍等, 2015c)，对乡村治理提出新要求，乡村治理结构亟需转型以适应乡村转型变化，乡村治理重新成为新兴乡村地理学研究热点词。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　乡村治理的制度历经“柔性”到“硬性”转变，从两种制度差异性寻求乡村治理的制度改革路径(郐艳丽, 2015)。易鑫(2015)通过综合分析国际经验，建构了以需求为导向的乡村治理规划框架；郐艳丽(2015)归纳总结了乡村以及治理本原模式等。中国存在大共同体和宗族小共同体的两种乡村治理模式，其中宗族小共同体的治理模式对农村工业化具有重要影响(林永新, 2015)。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　在电子商务发展驱动下乡村治理呈现出多元化重构的机制和趋势(陈芳芳等, 2016)。在农村税费改革过程中，带来了乡村治理的中空危机，持续的乡村建设、精准扶贫和振兴等政策跟进(刘彦随等, 2015)，乡村发展和建设项目持续投放，促使乡村治理问题随之发生变化，“项目”和“规划”改善了乡村治理的模式(申明锐, 2015)。但乡村治理中政府干预边界、市场配置以及村民公众参与机制等有待进一步研究。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-top: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4 新时期基于乡村发展转型视域下的</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村地理学研究展望</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　中国正经历快速的城镇化、工业化、信息化和<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">全球化，区域社会经济历经急速发展转型的过程</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(杨忍, 2016)。城乡地域系统之间的生产要素的单</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">向性从乡村流入城市，导致乡村地域空间的要素结</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">构和地域功能发生了一系列的转变，不同区域的乡</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村发展和空间转型面临着不同的机遇和挑战，同时</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同区位和地域类型的乡村发展转型和振兴的路</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">径和模式存在较大差异。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　基于此，</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">破解各类乡村发</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展和复兴的理论和实践的基础研究是新时期中国</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村地理学研究首要任务</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。在新时期，国家把实施</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村振兴上升为国家战略，理所当然乡村振兴话题</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">将成为未来较长期乡村地理学研究的热点和重</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点。乡村振兴的科学内涵、不同地域类型的乡村振</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">兴的理论基础和内外驱动力之间的交互机制，以及</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同地域类型的乡村振兴路径及模式等亟待深化</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　在研究尺度上，中国地域广阔，自然地理环</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">境和资源禀赋，以及社会经济发展具有普遍的区域</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不均衡性和差异性，乡村转型和重构的研究在宏观</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">层面，</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">应从地域类型区及区划视角，对中国乡村发</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展类型与转型重构分异性进行综合区划或类型分</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　在区域尺度上，应探测识别乡村发展的区域性</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">影响因子，精准识别乡村发展转型的阻碍性因素到</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">底是区域性因素还是个体性因素。可以借助空间</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">统计分析模型加以多尺度的探测识别分析。宏观</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">尺度的乡村转型发展的时空间格局特征和转型地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">域类型划分的研究，能较好地解决地域特征识别问</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">题和理清区域自然和社会经济要素的影响，但存在</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村转型与重构机制的研究深度不足的缺憾。</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村转型和空间重构机制研究需要更多关注典型村</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">域空间尺度的研究。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　在村域尺度上，更能从乡村转</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">型发展的内生性因素、外生性因素，以及多元主体</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等深入分析乡村转型和空间重构过程各行动者网</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">络建构和转译机制。典型村域尺度乡村转型与重</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">构的研究在中国广大地域范围难以穷尽，但可在中</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">宏观乡村发展转型区划或类型研究基础上，借助不</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同地域类型区城乡连续谱样带的研究手法，重点研</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">究城中村、城边村、远郊村的空间转型与重构的演</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进节律性规律、转型重构内在机理、转型发展的多</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">元化效应，以及规划调控措施与模式等。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6046875" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB792YOJx5UsySyJBsmouyhfjEticwb91e0DyUg6iaedH88ApRL0A5ReTTzjvkGWKfr491G8IicoO7SxpA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">图源：cc0供图网</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　关于乡村转型与重构研究的<strong>理论基础是人地关系地域系统理论</strong>，从认知和理解系统演化的视角开展乡村转型与重构研究，乡村发展应是乡村地域系统内部要素交互作用的关系呈现出一种良性结构，呈现正向演进的结果；而转型的认知应是乡村地域系统的结构发生变化，乡村地域系统的功能呈现转变的过程。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　乡村发展与转型重构的研究必须从多个维度进行分析，不仅关注生活空间、生产空间、生态空间等“三生空间”的转型与重构，还需要<strong>拓展认知乡村多元价值空间的科学内涵</strong>，以及关注城乡融合视角下人口、土地、产业耦合协同的土地资源优化配置理论和村域土地利用规划技术规范等(杨忍等, 2015c)。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　<strong>中国特殊的农本社会背景</strong>是中国特色城镇化和乡村振兴不可忽略的因素，而乡村不同于城市地区的“独特价值”，包括作为区域发展支撑和约束条件的生态景观价值、保障人类生存和食品安全的农业经济价值、承载亲情血缘和传统道德的社会情感价值、彰显地方文化和建筑特色的文化美学价值，及与自然协调共生实用的乡土技术价值等，是“村更像村”的本质体现，而且这5 个方面是密切关联的整体。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　因此，乡村空间优化应<strong>以重塑乡村“多元价值”为目标</strong>，将乡村地区从一个简单的“经济增长动力源”变成一个“多元价值空间”，需进一步从乡村空间生产、分化与重组、社会文化变迁与重构、空间管制与治理等视角，强化乡村多元价值空间的重构机制和保护等理论的研究。中国的乡村地理学研究较之国际乡村地理学研究更独具特色，在对接国际乡村地理学研究热点，譬如关注于乡村性、乡村重构、乡村社会和文化重构等的同时，应承接解决中国乡村发展与振兴的具体问题，避免走向概念化的研究。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　由于发达地区的乡村大多历经乡村工业化过程，乡村地域呈现出显著的混杂性，包括生活与生产空间混杂、景观用地混杂、社会结构混杂、产业发展混杂等，针对该类地区的乡村转型与重构的研究需多关注后乡村混杂性的研究。落后地区的乡村普遍经历人口要素外流，乡村空间体系重塑、经济转型机制、精准脱贫理论及其路径的研究极为重要；长期以来更多关注乡村地域的人口、土地、产业等方面的发展与转型，社会文化空间分化与重构的演变过程和影响机制的研究显得相对不足，乡村地理学研究的社会文化转向研究方面有待加强。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.615625" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB792YOJx5UsySyJBsmouyhfj9E479g88MApdpRCKmonntNrASU67MIBdSI6BicTUzlp68Bg7t7wldbQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">图源：视觉中国</span></p></section></section></section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　乡村空间治理是国土空间管制和社会治理的重要组成部分，多主体之间利益博弈，以及空间治理主体和参与共同体之间的协同机制，村庄建设管理与空间治理的途径与模式也亟待归纳总结。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　未来中国乡村地理学的研究应<strong>以建构乡村地理学学科理论和方法体系为基础</strong>，服务于国家乡村振兴战略需求，积极关注乡村发展、转型、分化、重构与治理等核心话题，从乡村地域系统的要素、结构、功能变迁视角，结合政治经济学的空间生产、行动者网络、领域等理论以及社会网络分析方法，理清乡村发展、转型、分化、重构和治理之间关联逻辑。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　以重构乡村多元空间价值为目标导向，深化乡村人地关系地域系统的演化过程、多尺度类型格局、多维动力机制、空间多元效应、规划调控和建设途径等方面综合研究，解构中国不同地域类型区的乡村转型空间分化与重构的动力机制和空间治理的理论体系，丰富中国乡村地理学的理论体系，形成独具中国特色乡村地理学研究范式。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-top: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">5 结语</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　在过去的40 年，乡村地理学不断响应社会经济<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展时代变化和国家战略需求，研究热点大致经历</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3 个阶段转变，目前逐渐走向多元化。纵观整个学</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">界的研究成果，实证案例研究非常丰富，但目前核</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">心的乡村地理学理论和知识贡献仍显不足。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">未来</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中国乡村地理学的研究应以建构乡村地理学学科</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理论基础和方法体系为基础，围绕乡村发展、转型、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分化、重构、治理为核心话题</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，在中宏观尺度上，瞄</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">准乡村转型过程与格局和类型划分研究，深化不同</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地域类型区的城乡连续谱梯度样带上乡村空间分</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化与重构及其多元价值空间重塑机制的研究；在微</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">观村域尺度上，深入发掘乡村振兴的内外动力和多</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主体行动者之间交互机制和地理因素影响本底作</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用机制。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">　　综合集成多学科的理论和方法，广泛开展</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多尺度、多维度、多类型的乡村人地关系地域系统</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">演化机制研究和规划实践，产出对接于国际乡村地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理学研究的中国本土理论和规划技术体系，助力新</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">时期中国乡村振兴。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="group-empty" style="display: inline-block;width: 150px;height: 150px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-attachment: scroll;box-shadow: rgb(62, 62, 62) 2px 0px 4px inset;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB7ibuTduQqm7rYXju9Ap7hibib4hfiaU4yWSbp1JI1ibh9RQt2TBZwaH9gF9cQCuppILdoGibwDyyxVwkXRw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 2px 1px 1px;border-style: dashed none none;border-color: rgb(44, 90, 160);background-color: rgb(229, 240, 247);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;letter-spacing: 0px;padding-top: 15px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">作者简介：</strong>杨忍，博士，中山大学地理科学与规划副教授，院长助理。主要从事乡村地理学与土地利用研究。联系邮箱：yangren0514@163.com</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><strong>向下滑动查看</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;height: 240px;vertical-align: top;overflow-y: auto;box-sizing: border-box;-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;"><section style="overflow-x: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">学术经历：</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">在Journal of Rural Studies、Land use policy、地理学报、地理研究、地理科学等SSCI/SCI及地理学权威期刊等发表论文近60余篇，论文总引用超过1200余次，H指数19，科学出版社专著1部，参编专著4部。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;">获省部级科研奖项2项，获首届广东省青年地理科技奖、获首届最具影响力的（2016）年度中国地理学期刊优秀论文奖、中国地理学会、中国自然资源学会年会优秀论文一等奖论文7篇。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;">兼任中国土地学会青年工作委员会委员、中国自然资源学会教育工作委员会委员和土地资源专业委员会委员，担任《热带地理》编委、国家自然科学基金通讯评委、Journal of Rural Studies等20余种期刊通讯评审。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;">主持国家自然科学基金项目2项，广州市科技专项研究项目1项，承担其他系列区域城乡、村镇发展规划及土地综合整治规划、土地规划评价应用实践咨询项目10余项。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;text-align: right;line-height: 1;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-bottom: 0.6em solid rgb(255, 255, 255);border-right: 0.6em solid rgb(255, 255, 255);border-top: 0.6em solid transparent !important;border-left: 0.6em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;height: 240px;vertical-align: top;overflow-y: auto;box-sizing: border-box;-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;"><section style="overflow-x: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 46%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(18, 39, 54);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/yXntXceyB792YOJx5UsySyJBsmouyhfjWMPe5l0s3x2ndMYsywMjM2UKIcUwnRe943bIwfAuEZA8btvrCVgKZA/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 100%;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.345" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/yXntXceyB792YOJx5UsySyJBsmouyhfjWMPe5l0s3x2ndMYsywMjM2UKIcUwnRe943bIwfAuEZA8btvrCVgKZA/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="200" style="vertical-align: middle;opacity: 0;width: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 46%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(18, 39, 54);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">参考文献：</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">保继刚, 孟凯, 章倩滢. 2015. 旅游引导的乡村城市化: 以阳朔历村为例[J]. 地理研究, 34(8): 1422-1434. 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