用户名：
密码：
首页
① 新闻管理
添加新闻
② 政策管理
添加政策
③ 法定规划
添加国空规划
③ 规划PDF附件
添加规划PDF附件
③ 规划图纸
添加规划图纸
④ 资料管理
添加资料
开通用户权限
⑥ AIGC课程学员
添加学员
MJ账号分组
2-AI图库管理
添加图库
3-AI新闻网站
添加信息
4-AI模型管理
添加模型
精准搜索
添加精准
知识库
添加知识库
规划问答
添加信息
小匠QQ微信群宣传
添加推荐
数据网址
添加网站
微信文章管理
课件系统
添加视频
一周热点整理
[ 常用工具 ]
格式化工具
段落合并工具
飞书
金数据
生成封面图
当前：新闻编辑 |
格式化工具
|
查看本文
标题
【规划广角】定制公交竞争力分析与规划应对
分类
（编号：1116）
国土空间
城市更新
城市设计
生态环境
乡村振兴
区域发展
专项规划
资料下载
规划头条
政策规范
规划直播
其他
新闻
好物
观点
城市
政策
设计
社区
建筑
环境
产业
旅游
交通
读书
优选
榜单
空间规划
区域
文化
村镇
智慧
会议
公众参与
微文
摩天楼
地标
航拍
规划
链接
http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651350298&idx=1&sn=9bfa2a51a735507833b10031e4c12834&chksm=8b425052bc35d9446dba0e68044b30be9d3097ee35604e4c44b42c23a787e1350aef15c9de38&scene=27#wechat_redirect
作者
规划师杂志
时间
2018-11-26 14:46:31
政策
省
市
年
月
直播
主办：
协办：
时间：
会议室：
直播链接：
h1
/h1
h2
/h2
strong
/strong
<br /> <section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjrIH96UoDGLicNibOpsyWnRFa3dJiaLsHp7gRb0gd7JYNyDwsf5ZLUwOo2x2xNLyQjUNsQKUdwjhFug/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjrIH96UoDGLicNibOpsyWnRFa3dJiaLsHp7gRb0gd7JYNyDwsf5ZLUwOo2x2xNLyQjUNsQKUdwjhFug/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(254, 193, 192);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px 4px;clear: both;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者<span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">四川省城乡规划设计研究院</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">蒋蕊，同济大学建筑与城市规划学院城市规划系副系主任、博士生导师</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">卓健</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2018年第8期撰文，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">作为“互联网+”和共享经济模式下的新型交通方式，定制公交在我国城市中发展迅速。随着其线路数量和运营</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">规模不断扩大，对城市既有常规公交系统的竞争和影响也越来越明显。如何确保定制公交和常规公交形成互补的良性发展格</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">局？文章从这一问题出发，选取北京作为研究对象，通过总出行成本的数值量化建立竞争力评估模型，对定制公交线路相对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">常规公交线路所具有的竞争力进行定量分析，较为全面地呈现了定制公交线路竞争力的差异化状态并得出分级评价结论，随</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">后分析了竞争力差异线路在空间分布上的特点，并研究影响定制公交竞争力的内部和外部因素。在此基础上，基于需求层次</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">理论对不同等级竞争力所体现的公益性价值与个性化服务价值进行阐述，最后提出了定制公交差异化发展策略。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(42, 118, 162);float: right;margin-top: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]定制公交；常规公交；竞争力；出行成本；需求层次；差异化发展策略</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号]1006-0022(2018)08-0113-07 </p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号]TU984.199 </p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码]B</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[引文格式]蒋蕊，卓健．定制公交竞争力分析与规划应对[J]．规划师，2018(8)：113-119．</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/hI8QBVxoXERhibeRosVWBZCN6HDFvX9BlPFfTTiaoVSvpVr3k3GqRfhekrwZsB2hQKxntYCB82hAfTGq11AcwLnQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于总出行成本的竞争力评估模型<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>定制公交与常规公交的竞争力<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定制公交与常规公交是城市交通的<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">组成部分，对于出行者而言，定制公交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与常规公交均能满足出行需求，二者之</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间的相互可替代关系即构成了竞争</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">竞争的目标是客流。因此，评价定制公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">交相对常规公交的竞争力，其本质是分</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">析定制公交在一定城市建成与交通环境</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">下，相对于常规公交所具有的吸引居民</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出行量的能力。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通勤者是使用定制公交的主要人<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">群。通勤者选择通勤的交通方式时，会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据自身倾向，选择对其而言出行总成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本最低的交通方式。换言之，某种交通</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方式单次出行的出行总成本越低，其竞</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">争力就越高</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。本文使用出行成本作为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">衡量定制公交竞争力的标准(图1)。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.51" data-w="600" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpcza1yZo61gg208w4RTgEly49vIwKN5nSLRg7NmnLzf7dia9elEoF04zg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>出行成本的量化方法<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于快速性、经济性、舒适性和便<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">捷性等影响因素</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，出行总成本由出行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">费用成本、出行时间成本 ( 包含出行者</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">时间价值的影响)和出行倾向成本(包</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">含舒适性、便捷性的影响)三部分构成。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出行总成本的基本模型为：</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.0870968" data-w="310" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpctgeCa8D6sxibeNSfTwszrdEYuNqsIx6XicP0CzxicwQ6xrORHgia6aNfPw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.859375" data-w="320" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpcxUTdtdbVN1V5rTzb6JrwktkHtmIkm6XcQo85a5GFlptP4EibeHiaBeXw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 出行费用成本，指因交通出行<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发生的总货币消耗，这是影响通勤者选</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">择出行方式的重要因素。对定制公交而</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">言出行费用比较简单，即为乘客支付给</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定制公交运营企业的费用；而对公交出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行而言，出行费用不仅要考虑搭乘各类</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公交线路的票价总和，还要扣除公交换</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乘的票价折扣优惠，即：</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.9498433" data-w="319" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpc6ONI1g2KiauLfyR1QmNaNAHZbW4zDfQqQnQrfTE9NYQnNzj4PgSs2iaA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="2.2469136" data-w="324" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpcHKtzwoaA30RelAoialNXYKAeOrW1NbGectXlkGkuPrkiaHiafh1DdoSLw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.26" data-w="600" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpcn5Q3TYHhVFQnpT4mjXm4UDVJIS09l9cEgzz3FzFlia2C0R8NXeAyhRg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">便捷性是指整个通勤过程中所经历<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">各个环节衔接的方便程度，若以定量指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">标描述便捷性，那么指标主要涉及出行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过程中的换乘次数。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8025078" data-w="319" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpcicPDn5WXc9dFYFFyDicxicZQBpHGFGvYG0kTB6iaW68GPGEjbo99vWW90g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>竞争力评价<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">两种交通方案出行成本的差异，即<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文所述的竞争力值，可以直观地表示</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出定制公交相对于常规公交的竞争力大</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">小，具体公式如下：</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.85625" data-w="320" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpcxicVdcF1diamzsxWds1EcW4qsd9UvzakL0NLteXgiaxvY43touKqKGkxw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/hI8QBVxoXERhibeRosVWBZCN6HDFvX9BlPFfTTiaoVSvpVr3k3GqRfhekrwZsB2hQKxntYCB82hAfTGq11AcwLnQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二 </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">北京定制公交与常规公交的竞争力分析</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>数据来源与出行情景建立<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文研究数据源自北京公交集团<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">与赶趟儿巴士公司网络平台所发布的信</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">息，小猪巴士因难以在其信息平台上获</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">取已开通的线路的完整信息，故并未在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">本文作进一步讨论。至 2017 年 5 月，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">北京公交集团发布定制公交线路为 132</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">条，赶趟儿巴士为 56 条，共取得 188</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">条定制公交线路信息，包括发车时间、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">出发地点、到达地点、行驶长度、预计</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">行驶时间与票价信息。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">笔者建立两种出行情景：情景一是<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">通勤者在时间T使用定制公交或者常规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">公交完成从地点 O 到地点 D 的一次出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">行，通过对比定制公交与常规公交所体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">现的总出行成本的差异，实现对定制公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">交相对常规公交竞争力的分析；情景二</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">为使用常规公交出行，出行信息通过百</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">度地图获取，包括选择的线路、换乘信</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">息、票价和总出行时间，与定制公交出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">行情景形成对比(图2)。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5380795" data-w="604" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpc5wToRn1AQUJL8RnklbUG5QbYibWIfT53BOGLsQjacF9UCqDaHXkxIxw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）北京定制公交与常规公交的竞争力分级</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据竞争力模型分析，北京定制公<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">交的平均竞争力为3.10，但不同线路之</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">间的竞争力差异很大。在188条线路中，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">57条线路(近1/3)的竞争力都为负值，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">其中由北京公交公司运营的线路中竞争</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">力为负值的线路高达 45 条，占其运营</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">总线路数量的34.1％；赶趟儿巴士公司</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">运营的低竞争力线路仅 12 条，占比为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">21.4％。为此，笔者将竞争力值分为 </span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">个等级，以便比较不同线路的差异特征</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">(表2)。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.358804" data-w="602" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpcs9GB0xia2RPmhlkicXEDpLPicDxJHibyRFfUv2vZdCw1RNkNFqicQpOrHSg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">竞争力一级对应线路竞争力值小于<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">等于-10的情况，此种情况下采用定制公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">交出行的成本大于常规公交，且差值大</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">于10，在这些线路上定制公交相对常规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">公交基本不具有竞争力；竞争力二级为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">线路竞争力值在-9～-3之间，此种情况</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">下定制公交的总出行成本较常规公交而</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">言明显偏高，竞争力偏弱。以上两种情</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">况下定制公交是对常规公交服务的补充。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">竞争力三级对应竞争力值在-2～2</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的线路，此范围内定制公交与常规公交出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">行成本接近，二者竞争力相当，在此种</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">情况下，定制公交和常规公交存在明显</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的竞争关系，客流争夺也最为激烈。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">竞争力四级对应的为竞争力值在 3<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">～9之间的定制公交线路，由于总出行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">成本优势明显，定制公交在与常规公交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的竞争中占有优势；竞争力五级代表竞</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">争力大于等于 10 的定制公交线路，此</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">情景下定制公交具有绝对的竞争优势。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">通过上述分级评价可以得出北京定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">制公交竞争力总体情况：其中相对常规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">公交具有明显竞争优势的定制公交线路</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">占比为 55.9％，19.1％的定制线路的竞</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">争力与常规公交的线路相当，剩余25％</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的线路基本不具竞争力优势。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）不同竞争力等级线路的空间分布特征分析</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在此基础上，本文进一步研究不同<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">竞争力等级的定制公交线路在空间分布</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上的规律，研究发现：①不具竞争力优</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">势 ( 一级与二级 ) 的定制公交线路均穿</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">越北京三环以内的中心城区，在与中心</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城区密集的常规公交线路的竞争中处于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">劣势；②与常规公交竞争力持平(三级)</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的线路则主要分布在四环北侧与东侧区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">域，穿越中心城区的线路仅延至前门大</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街(地铁2号线)，起讫点分布区域较广，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主要包括通州区、东三旗和鲁谷等；③竞</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">争力优势明显(四级与五级)的线路，除</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">穿越中心城区部分较少外，起讫点分布</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">无明显规律。总的来看，起讫点任意一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点在中心城区，且线路在在中心城区部</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分比例过高的，竞争力普遍会偏低；相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">反，起讫点均在中心城区以外区域，线</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">路不穿越中心城区时，路线对应的竞争</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">力优势会增加(图3)。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.278125" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpcusibJS4icMBaGBXmicUzYFdGOENvFxyKbianoReibibyfmicvo4icIsXwqBdGg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（四）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>单项出行成本比较分析<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">北京定制公交较常规公交的出行费<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用差异值基本为负值，平均为-3.54元，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">表明定制公交在经济性上并不具优势；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而出行时间上定制公交平均比常规公交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">快10.34分钟，折合时间成本为3.43元，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上述两点基本满足传统认知中定制公交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“快速”“非廉价”的特征，且二者基</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本相互平衡。因此，倾向性成本的获益</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">价值成为定制公交所具竞争力的关键，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同样是其能实现与常规公交错位互补发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展的核心。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/hI8QBVxoXERhibeRosVWBZCN6HDFvX9BlPFfTTiaoVSvpVr3k3GqRfhekrwZsB2hQKxntYCB82hAfTGq11AcwLnQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三 </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">定制公交竞争力差异影响因素分析</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">造成定制公交线路竞争力差异的因<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">素包含定制公交内部因素与竞争对象的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">外部因素两方面。其中，内部因素主要</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为定制公交自身的服务品质、线路特征，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">很大程度取决于运营商；外部因素则来</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">源于常规公交的服务能力，其中轨道交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通的影响最为显著。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）不同运营主体对竞争力的影响</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同运营主体因其挖掘的出行需求<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">方式与力度、线路制定方法、是否享受</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">公交资源的差异，导致其运营线路的竞</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">争力存在差异。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">能否使用公共交通资源，不仅关系</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">到出行时间的长短，更会影响线路规划。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">如图4所示，以北京为例，国有公交公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">司的线路布局上存在更多可能性，遍布</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">城市中心区与外围，而私营运营商的线</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">路则多集中于城市外围 ( 四环以外 )，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">使用城市封闭性快速道路的比例更高。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">国有公交公司的定制公交线路则能更好</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">地与城市现有公交网络结合，对城市中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">心区的服务更好，同时与常规公交的竞</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">争也更明显。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">运营者对数据资源的收集与协调<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">能力对定制公交竞争力同样有影响，且</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在这方面私人运营商更具优势。以赶趟</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">儿巴士为例，线路部会在线上通过通勤</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">需求调研收集出行需求数据外，还会有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">线下推广员前往办公区进行实地数据收</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">集，更有专门的数据统计员统一分析处</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">理线上与线下的资料，反馈到最终的线</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">路规划上。相较于传统被动的线路众筹，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">这种上下并行的线路定制方式，更能协</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">调城市整体公共交通供给情况。通勤市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">场作为万亿级出行市场，私人运营商在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">某些方面有更强的基因去适应市场的随</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">时变化，利用平台调动各方面社会运力、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">利用不同车型解决出行需求。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6692708" data-w="384" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpcFAjp1iakJTSClEbpk3daoavPic7bCIbrF18SibIcJDFjfaNicicfVVgkbbA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）轨道交通网络对定制公交竞争力的影响</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.轨道交通对定制公交竞争力的影响</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">常规公交出行方案中是否含有轨道<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">交通对定制公交竞争力的影响显著。如</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">表3所示，二级至五级竞争力线路中的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">常规公交出行方案是否含有轨道交通对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">费用成本的影响差异不大，平均不超过</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">0.5 元，但对出行时间差的影响显著。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">随着竞争力等级的提升，轨道交通相较</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">于地面常规公交所节省的出行时间从平</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">均 10.3 分钟逐步递增至 29.3 分钟，一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">级竞争力线路的替代出行方案更是全部</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">包含轨道交通。在出行费用相近的情况</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">下，轨道交通较地面常规公交的速度与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">稳定性更有优势，使其成为制约定制公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">交线路竞争力的重要外部因素。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4643545" data-w="519" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpccX3ib7Htfib4osoSGtlOTAzCSLa6V4XTyGdbakvica80mDxR8Amo9YL0A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.定制公交站点吸引范围与轨道交通站点覆盖关系</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">轨道交通对定制公交竞争力的影响<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">显著与否，关键在于定制公交起讫点是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">否处于轨道交通站点的服务范围内。笔</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">者分别选取 3条竞争力分级评价中竞争</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">力值最高与最低的线路作为站点分析</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">对象，分析在定制公交站点一次吸引范</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">围 ( 即 1000m)内与轨道交通站点的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">重复覆盖情况。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在一级竞争力的定制公交线路的起<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">讫站点半径 1000m 范围内，除黄村 B</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">站点重叠率不超过30％外，其余定制公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">交站点与轨道交通站点服务范围的重叠</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">率均高于80％。位于三环内的站点：金</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">融街站点、建国门外站点与轨道交通国</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">贸站的重叠率更是高达90％以上，这意</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">味着乘客可以在步行可达的范围内，便</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">捷使用轨道交通出行(表4)。由此可见，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在轨道交通的可服务空间范围内，定制</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">公交不具有竞争力。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7916667" data-w="600" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpcsQl0GzHibuicdgSpRdE5ppxrPY5IFnnYPbIcLheyb7f9tOvK81RbI3iaA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">五级竞争力线路所对应的站点如表5<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">所示，呈现以下特点：3 条线路一端位</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">于四环以内的站点的重叠率较高，但线</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">路另一端的站点则完全不与轨道交通产</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">生重叠，这就意味着在步行乃至自行车</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">可达范围内，乘客不能便捷使用轨道交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">通作为通勤方式，进一步说明定制公交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">与轨道交通间存在显著的替代关系，在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">未来定制公交的发展规划中应首先考虑</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">与轨道交通的互补协作。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8096026" data-w="604" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpcviaicbIqr9ka7BPUgx6hVkK1YMicqo0wf1ia3KiaYn7Thz6EK3rAKCKvCWw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/hI8QBVxoXERhibeRosVWBZCN6HDFvX9BlPFfTTiaoVSvpVr3k3GqRfhekrwZsB2hQKxntYCB82hAfTGq11AcwLnQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于需求层次的定制公交竞争力等级价值分析</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>定制公交体现的出行需求层次<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据马斯洛的需要层次理论，可以<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">对出行需求进行层次划分，分别为安全</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">性需求、经济性需求、便捷性需求、舒</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">适性需求与人性化需求。相较于其他4</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">项需求，人性化需求较为灵活多元，可以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">体现为互联网使用习惯的倾向、个性化定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">制的满足感，亦或是乘车时间的多样利</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">用价值与通勤时间的可靠性价值等。一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">般而言，5 种需求是按层次逐级递增，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">某一层次的需求得到满足了，就会向更</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">高一层发展，乘客的出行需求在一定程</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">度得到满足是构成一次出行的基本条件</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">(图5)。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3245033" data-w="604" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpcR9Bkas2t0sakymfbzSl05a2uzq1s1BpOy1vBnm4iaLWauBWp8PyEPrw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同的交通方式，在满足乘客不同<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">层次的需求上存在差异，常规公交基本</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">能满足出行的安全性、经济性与便捷性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">需求，体现了常规公交的公益性与公平</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">性，却在舒适性、人性化需求上存在较</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">大缺失。相较而言，定制公交基本满足</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">了乘客各层次的需求，尤其是高层次的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">舒适性、个性化需求。一般而言，当乘</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">客对便捷性、舒适性和个性化需求高于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">经济性时，乘客的支付意愿就会相对提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">高，以弥补经济性需求的损失。当然，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">上述5个层次的需求等级并非一成不变，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">城市的经济发展水平、空间结构和乘客</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">个人特征都会对其产生影响。大城市通</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">勤者在一定程度将舒适性与人性化需求</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">作为出行的首要考量，优于经济性，故</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">以挖掘人性化需求的价值将会是定制公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">交相较于常规公交错位发展的根本。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）不同竞争力等级所体现的出行需求差异</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从需求层次出发，无论竞争力值的<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">高低，实际存在的定制公交线路本身存</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在的价值就是在不同程度弥补或满足了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">乘客的出行需求的空白。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在一级与二级竞争力线路中，定制<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">公交竞争力为负值，表明常规公交在安</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">全性、经济性和便捷性等方面都基本能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">满足居民的出行需求，但在舒适性、人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">性化需求方面存在欠缺。特别是一级竞</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">争力线路，其在快速性、经济性等方面</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">并不具有优势，但乘客的支付意愿却仍</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">然存在，侧面体现了通勤者对高品质、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">多元化的公交服务的支付意愿是相当高</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的。此时定制公交的主要价值就在于补</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">充了公交服务多样性与人性化服务，其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">公益性价值较低。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在三级竞争力线路中，常规公交<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在经济性、便捷性和舒适性方面仅能部</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">分满足出行需求，而定制公交的出现则</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在除安全性的基本需求外，多层次地填</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">补了常规公交所不能满足的出行需求上</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的空白。这种空白可能是在经济性、便</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">捷性和舒适性中的某一层次出现的缺失</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">或多个层次同时存在的缺失 (缺失程度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">也需视具体情况而定 )，是以此种情况</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">下定制公交在实现个性化服务价值的同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">时，在一定程度上体现了公益性价值。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">在四级与五级竞争力线路中，定制</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">公交具有大小不等的竞争力优势，这种</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">优势可能是存在于安全性、经济性、便</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">捷性、舒适性与人性化的某一层次或多</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">个层次，与三级竞争力线路情况相似，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">但此时的优势更为明显，定制公交所弥</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">补的需求空白更大，此时定制公交不仅</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">体现了多层次服务的价值，在一定程度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">公益性成为其首要的存在价值</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">现阶段，定制公交现提供的服务还</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">较为单一，但与许多“互联网+出行”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">模式相似，未来定制公交所拓展的互联</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">网服务将会越来越丰富，丰富多元的服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">务可能性将更进一步增强定制公交的个</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">性化服务价值，同时权衡不同区域定制</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">公交所体现的个性化服务价值与公益性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">价值，以期更好地引导不同的运营者差</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">异化发展，更好地实现定制公交与常规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">公交的错位特色发展。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/hI8QBVxoXERhibeRosVWBZCN6HDFvX9BlPFfTTiaoVSvpVr3k3GqRfhekrwZsB2hQKxntYCB82hAfTGq11AcwLnQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;margin-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-top-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);border-right-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);padding: 10px 10px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 研究结论</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;margin-top: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(226, 226, 226) 0px 16px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着定制公交规模的扩大，其与常<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规公交系统的重叠会更多，对常规公交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的影响将进一步增大。通过竞争力分级</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可以了解定制公交线路与常规公交的竞</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合关系，从而利用不同的引导策略，实</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现定制公交与常规公交的错位协调发展。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>基于竞争力的分级分区引导<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">考虑城市道路资源、人力资源和车<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">辆资源的有限性，随着定制公交需求的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">增大，当众筹线路大于供给能力时，政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">府与运营商可以根据城市已有的常规公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">交对拟开通线路进行竞争力分级评估，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">竞争力评价除可作为盈利性判断之外，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">还能判断开通线路的优先顺序。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此外，随着规模扩大，运营定制公<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">交时对公益性的考虑同样需要增强。从</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公益性角度，基于竞争力分级与轨道交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通的相关性，可以划分出定制公交的优</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">先发展区、常规发展区与慎重发展区：</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">①优先发展区，为缺少轨道交通或其他</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">骨干公交出行服务的区域。在此区域，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定制公交可以优先扩大线路规模，弥补</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在通勤时段常规公交运力与服务品质不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">足的缺点，为大城市中长距离通勤出行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">提供多样服务；②常规发展区，为存在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">部分轨道交通网络服务的区域，此区域</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">内定制公交与常规公交能形成良性竞</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">争，通过市场竞争激励普惠公交提升服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">务品质，丰富居民的出行选择；③慎重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展区，为定制公交与轨道交通网络重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">叠度较高的区域，此区域内当定制公交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">线路达到一定规模时，需综合更多的因</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">素对定制公交发展规模与开通条件进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行调控。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）基于出行需求价值的运营主体选择</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同运营商的社会义务不同，对应<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">优先发展的定制公交类型也存在差异。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于出行需求理论，不同竞争力等级的定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制公交线路所体现的价值存在差异，特别</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是对公益性的体现。国有公交公司相较于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">私人运营商，更需优先发展五级竞争力</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">线路，以协调公交系统整体的平衡，这</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是国有公交公司在享受国有资源、政策的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同时，所需要体现的公益性与公平性。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）基于场所设计的定制公交特色发展</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>人性化视角下的站点空间设计<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定制公交作为城市公交系统中的重<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要组成部分，从人的需求出发优化定制</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公交各要素，特别是与其他交通方式的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">衔接将是建设出行友好型城市的关键</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定制公交站点作为城市空间中的一部</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分，与城市其他交通方式的交集众多，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">优化定制公交的站点设计，实现定制公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">交与共享单车、常规公交、轨道交通、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">小汽车等多种交通方式的高效、便捷的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">换乘衔接，对扩大定制公交发展规模、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">提高居民出行公共交通分担率有积极意</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">义。特别是与共享单车的接驳优化，同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">样作为“互联网+出行”衍生出的交通</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">服务，定制公交与共享单车无论是在使</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用群体、营销方式和信息沟通平台上都</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">具有较高的重叠性。结合定制公交站点</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设置共享单车的停放区域，并依托站点</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">提供wifi与手机充电等服务，有利于实</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现站点的精细化设计。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.共享特色的社区营造</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现阶段，定制公交服务所构建的网<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">络共享社区还较为薄弱，未来依托乘车</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">所创造的出行联系，通过微社区个性化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的服务，能够加强乘客间的自主交往，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">优化社区交往空间体系。根据不同乘客</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的社交特征与需求，挖掘定制公交所潜</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在的微社区服务，包括节日产品、节日</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定制出行活动等人性化服务，不仅能拓</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展定制公交现阶段较为单一的服务模</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">式，提升乘客对定制公交的支付意愿，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更能拉近现实生活中人与人的关系。在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">微社区发展的同时，结合“街道共享”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理念</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，营造具有共享特色的社区空间，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在提升社区步行品质空间的同时，更能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">加强居民对社区的认同感与归属感，同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">步实现线上与线下的共享社区营造。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(252, 221, 93);padding: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(100, 100, 100);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2018年08期《规划师》杂志</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：肖莉</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审核：刘芳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2018年08期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《定制公交竞争力分析与规划应对</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/hI8QBVxoXERhibeRosVWBZCN6HDFvX9BlPFfTTiaoVSvpVr3k3GqRfhekrwZsB2hQKxntYCB82hAfTGq11AcwLnQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》近期文章推荐（点击蓝字可查看原文）</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/hI8QBVxoXERhibeRosVWBZCN6HDFvX9BlPFfTTiaoVSvpVr3k3GqRfhekrwZsB2hQKxntYCB82hAfTGq11AcwLnQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-top: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: right;border-top: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;color: transparent;clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-radius: 6px;word-wrap: break-word;box-sizing: border-box;margin: -13px 3px;padding: 12px;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.605042" data-w="357" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpcheMMrqZB6ia4MLwibjFft8azla3eVSx4PWzuDW7DrMuWRh3h4icfYZr2Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 129, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">识别图中二维码进入微店购买《规划师》杂志</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="300" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpclte0e9YI7eCFFxgFhia03tsJh0bSKzgQDkNq7AC5teW1RKfd8DOjedA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社 </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8515625" data-w="640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgdpSVByt1ldJIZJtWjGDpccwJLoGrcqf1wo50xaBljBUM10CibcfsicibiabFBfdh5BdVmOgKnvEicNBg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg" /></section></section></section></section><section style="height: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-top-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: right;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-top-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p></section></section></section></section> <br />