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<section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.8;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);padding: 3px 10px 3px 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-radius: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(160, 160, 160) 0px 0px 0px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 35%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibDdqX6v7ssEiaXg5ShsZ8NwBK8MicIpSzjkTlaBNzUvkLMetdUNAAzibR1RqrIWC9yYIiaXbA1P7OeYUA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 65%;box-shadow: rgb(160, 160, 160) 0px 0px 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 5px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 13px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">ID:</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">左手权力，右手市场。激流滔滔，一片混沌。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国是一个半吊子市场经济国家。市场与权力交替决定资源配置。构成全球最为独特的混杂的经济体系。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">在中国，衡量一个城市的实力，不仅要看其经济指标，更要看其在权力体系中的位置。甚至，有时候权力的巨手，比市场更为强势。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">很多人忽视了城市的权力等级，没有意识到城市的权力意味着什么。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">市场体系决定城市自由财富的多寡，权力体系决定城市公共资源的多寡。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共资源，一样是非常重要的资源。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国城市的公共资源，其实是按照权力等级排队安排的。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">简言之，城市权力等级，关乎公共资源多寡。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 6px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);border-right-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（1）中国城市九大权力等级划分的逻辑</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">结合行政设置、现实政治权力等因素，罗天昊首次将中国城市权力划分为九个级。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">分别为：</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第一等级</strong></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">：</span><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">北京，首都</strong></span>，超然于一切城市之上。在中国城市中权力最大，国家政策的策源地，国家顶级资源的集中地。全国政治、文化、科技、外交中心，独步天下。 </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第二等级</strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">：</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">其它直辖市</span></strong>。最高首长一般为副国级，集中了强势公共资源。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第三等级</strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">：</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">省会城市</span></strong>。广州、武汉等为副省级，普遍特点是：集中了全省最好的资源，最高首长一般兼任所在省或自治区的常委。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第四等级</strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">：</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">计划单列市</span></strong>。五大计划单列市均是国家开放城市，在国家行政体系中，普遍是副省级，高于多数省会。为什么排在省会后面？后面将有论述。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第五等级</strong>：<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">省或者区内强势的经济大市，副中心城市</span></strong>等。江苏的苏州最典型。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第六等级</strong>，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">一般地级市</span></strong>。在中国占据主流，约为总数的70%以上。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第七等级</strong>：<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">省直管市</span></strong>。虽不是地级市，但现实中比县强势。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第八等级</strong>：<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">一般县</span></strong>。在中国行政设置中最普遍。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第九等级</strong>：<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">镇</span></strong>。除沿海经济发达省市外，内地镇多数财权事权虚弱。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共资源与市场资源截然不同，后者可以自由流动，前者却完全取决于权力。比如，广东佛山、江苏无锡，山东潍坊等都是经济强市，但是，它们的共同点是大学少。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">是他们办不起吗?不是？</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">根源就在于，大学是一种公共资源，需要权力审批，不是象办企业一样，想搞就搞。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">取决于权力，不取决于市场，但最后却对市场有影响，这种独特的资源，就是城市的公共资源。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">尽管北京最近几年奉行了非常严格的人口政策，但是，一代又一代，一年又一年的外地人，还是前赴后继潮水般涌入北京，北京到底香在哪里？</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">北京的最大利器，是公共资源。</span></strong>最好的学校，最好的医院，最有审批权的机关，最强大的央企，都云集北京。这些资源，才是国内其他城市无法替代的。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">北京在全国的地位，正如省会、首府在各个省和自治区的地位。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">在2017年的统计中，房价普涨的城市中，除个别城市外，<strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">所有的省会和首府城市，房价都涨了，这绝非巧合，而是必然。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">权力体系的强势地位，使省会能够集中一省最优势的公共资源，这就是哪怕地处不发达地区，但是几乎所有省会城市房价都坚挺的原因。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">经济发达的苏州，2016年其本外币存款与GDP的比值不过1.6，但是，经济不发达的甘肃省会兰州，其存款余额与GDP的比重，竟然可达3.4，吸金能力强过苏州。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">就医疗和教育资源而言，情况也差不多。江苏的三甲医院，三分之一以上集中在南京，苏州纵使常住人口比南京多，经济总量比南京大，三甲医院却不足南京的一半。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">很多没有完全走出审批制的垄断行业、半开放行业，都依赖城市权力体系。</span></strong>比如地级市可以搞城市银行，再发达的县级市，都没有权限搞，这不是市场选择，是权力布局。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">充分考量自己在权力体系中的地位，合理布局未来战略，也是很多城市需要尊重的现实。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 6px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);border-right-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2）  九大等级城市及各自特点</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);border-right-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第一等级：首都（北京）</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">国家定位，北京是中国的政治、文化、科技和对外交流四大中心。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">北京与上海、天津、重庆同属直辖市，最高首长副国级。但北京作为首都，超越其他直辖市。无它，中央在这里。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">千年传统。自秦集天下富商于咸阳，中国的都城是权力和财富的中枢。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">在文教领域，中国最顶级的高校，包括北大与清华，均坐镇在北京。985大学独占五分之一。在医疗方面， 2017年中国十大医院中，北京独占其四，拥有中国最多的三甲医院。至于中央机构，则更是集中于北京。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">北京<strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">还是中国事实上的经济中心</span></strong>。罗天昊认为，北京在中国经济体系的强势地位体现在三个方面，央企； 五百强总部；金元之城。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">北京坐拥80余家央企总部，超过其它所有城市总和；世界500强总部世界第一。此外，网易、三一等民营企业管理总部都从外地迁到北京。<strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">以承接政策的阳光雨露。加剧了商业与政治的媾和。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">北京还是中国的金元之城。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">北京是中央银行所在地，政策的策源地；金融产业强势，增加值超过高科技行业，居第一位；北京还是名副其实的吸金之城。本外币存款余额为144086亿，全国第一。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">在权力体系中的绝对优势，使北京集中了中国最多的公共资源。</span></strong>纵使北京多方限制外地人口，人们仍趋之若鹜。人口极限一破再破，总人口超2100万。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">权倾天下，是当下北京经济体系的基石，也是北京房价高耸入云的基石。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">雄安既出，搅动北京。分流北京的部分公共资源，大势所趋。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">迁官迁校迁央企，权力资源被分流之后，北京人口将会下降，经济实力也会受影响。权力体系仍是中国第一，经济实力在百年内或降至全国前五左右。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(15, 51, 129);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);border-right-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第二等级：直辖市</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">                       </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">直辖市行政设置是正省，最高负责人多是副国级。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">直辖市在权力体系中处于顶级。拥有非常丰富的公共资源。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">浦东，滨海，两江，三大直辖市都有划时代的国家级新区。<strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">政策利好首先落地它们。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">在央企领域，上海坐拥宝武等多个强势央企。天津、重庆有数千亿乃至上万亿的央企投资。在教育领域，直辖市都是中国教育重镇。复旦，南开，重大均为985大学。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">在财政扶持上，直辖市得天独厚。</span></strong>滨海的投资很多来自中央或者央企，奥运会和世博会，京沪花了中央不少钱。仅在2012年的特殊时刻，中央大员就直接带了三四千亿投资来重庆。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">上海是国家钦定的金融中心，拥有上海证券交易所，本外币存款超过11万亿，重庆和天津的金融产业，也十分强势。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">地位过高是一把双刃剑。</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">直辖市占尽公共资源优势，但弊端也明显。直辖市首长只差一步即可登天，这种特殊地位，使其过度谨慎，保位占第一，改革挤一边。怕试错。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">表现在社会领域，就是改革力度不大，京沪是中国最顽固的户籍壁垒；表现在经济领域，就是民营经济缺乏活力。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">上海虽然国企和外企强势，但知名民营企业不多。很多民营企业崛起于江浙，壮大后才落地上海，最典型的是均瑶集团。上海得摘果之利。天津的民营企业，也不发达。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">早在2009年，罗天昊在国内第一个公开提出降低直辖市的政治地位，适当削弱直辖市的权力，<strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">淡化其权力色彩，其实长久而言更有利，可以促进改革，达成社会经济发展的均衡。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);border-right-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第三等级：省会（首府）</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">省会或首府城市，在权力体系中也非常强势。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">省会在各省的地位。犹如北京在全国的地位。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">省会城市在省内的权力体系中处于顶端，本省最好的公共资源，都集中在它手中。连河北省会石家庄，仍然可以在北京之侧成为千万人口大市。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">省会不仅政治强势，经济上也强势。几乎所有的省会城市，三产都比较发达。同时，省会也集中了部分央企。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(15, 51, 129);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">尤其是教育、医疗、金融三大资源，省会的优势非常明显。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">中国的大学大部分都集中在省会。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(15, 51, 129);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">武汉、广州、南京、成都、西安、沈阳、长沙、郑州等省会城市，科教资源发达，武汉、广州的在校大学生人数都超过百万。省会和首府的大学在校生总数占全国一半左右。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">在金融资源方面，广州坐拥5万亿金融资本，成都、杭州、武汉等拥有巨量本外币存款。纵使是青海的西宁，存款余额也达到3883.8亿，<strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">是其GDP的三倍以上，存款与GDP之比远高于全国平均水平。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">在地方，三甲医院也主要集中在省会。部分省会的三甲医院数量占全省的一半左右。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">论行政级别，仅十个省会是副省级城市。其它地级。五大计划单列市都是副省级。为什么一般省会，在权力体系排名中还要略高于计划单列市？罗天昊认为，<strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">关键还是公共资源。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">比如广州与深圳，<strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">深圳经济总量超过了广州，但是，论公共资源，深圳还是比省会广州差远了。</span></strong>广州集中了广东接近一半的三甲医院，以及中山大学等所有的重点大学。纵使发达如深圳，没有一所自产的985大学，三甲医院，也仅为广州的四分之一不到。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);border-right-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第四等级：计划单列市</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">在行政设置中，计划单列市属副省级城市。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">几经变化，中国仍有深圳、厦门、宁波、青岛、大连等五个计划单列市。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">就行政级别而言，计划单列市比多数省会高，但是，就公共资源而言，计划单列市还是比省会稍逊。无它，<strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">计划单列市是权力孤岛，而省会则集中全省的公共资源。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong> </strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">但总体而言，计划单列市仍在权力体系中处于中上层次。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">大连与沈阳，青岛与济南，宁波与杭州，厦门与福州。深圳与广州，考究这些能够与省会分庭抗礼的城市，我们可以发现，<strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">他们的底气不仅在于经济实力，也在于政治实力。</span></strong>计划单列市，其人权和事权部分由中央直管，可以相对超脱。财税均不受省里太多影响，有相对独立的经济社会发展权。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">由此，计划单列市的经济一般都很发达，是中国经济重镇。华为、腾讯、比亚迪等崛起于深圳；海尔、青啤崛起于青岛，宁波、大连、青岛的经济亦非常发达。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">计划单列市具备很强的开放性，锐意改革。</span></strong>在罗天昊推出的中国城市包容能力排名中，深圳的净流入人口占常住人口比重为全国之亚，接近70%。厦门也接近50%。占比都超过作为首都的北京。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">罗天昊认为，计划单列市的最大独特性是：<strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">在权力层次上比较强势，在经济方面富有活力。社会领域具备开放性。兼得权力与市场之利。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);border-right-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第五等级：省内副中心或经济大市</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">这类城市虽行政设置上是一般地级市，但是市委书记一般高配为副省级干部。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">最典型的是江苏苏州，湖北襄阳，河北唐山，山西大同等。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">这类城市虽不是省会，在权力体系却高出一般市，公共资源也很强势。或是在公路、铁路系统成为区域中心，或是区域经济中心。苏州的经济总量全国前十，超过江苏省会南京，雄踞第一宝座多年。唐山的经济总量也多年来超过石家庄。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">湖北副中心城市襄阳，山西副中心城市大同，在省内略战略地位、交通枢纽地位突出。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);border-right-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第六等级  一般地级市</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">在行政设置中为地级市，是中国城市的主体。在中国有数百座。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">处于城市权力等级的中下游。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">除极少数资源型城市拥有矿产资源类的央企外，中央的公共资源很少分布在地级市。省内的公共资源，均分到地级市又削弱一层。最典型的是大学，普通地级市的大学多数是师范类、职业技术类，好学校在省会。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">正因为<strong><span style="color: rgb(15, 51, 129);box-sizing: border-box;">在权力体系中没有优势，公共资源少，那些在普遍地级市中脱颖而出的城市，更值得仿效，是真正的平民英雄</span>。</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">最典型的是广东佛山，没有央企，没有特区，<strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">凭借本土经济、民营经济、实体经济，内生式发展模式，成为中国经济重镇</span></strong>，殊为不易。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">福建泉州、浙江温州、江苏无锡、山东潍坊等，均是中国地级市中的佼佼者。这类城市一般以制造业为主导产业，市场经济发达。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(15, 51, 129);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);border-right-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第七等级：省直管市</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">比地级市低半级，权力体系中比县略高一级。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">直管市的经济发展自由度比一般县和县级市大，省级开发区也往往优先落地。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">在东南沿海，曾有一大批直管市崛起，曾经的广东顺德市，一度是全国百强县市。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">本世纪初期掀起一股撤市设区的风潮。原因很简单，<strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">部分省直管县太强势，有可能过几年独立成为地级市。为防夜长梦多，多数沿海强势的县级市都被撤销</span></strong>，成为市辖区。最典型的是顺德，在被佛山撤市设顺德区的前夕，经济总量超过佛山全市的三分之一。远超佛山主城区。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">泰兴和昆山，未来也要防止被泰州和苏州撤市并区。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);border-right-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第八等级：县与县级市</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">县的设置在中国最为普遍。有接近3000个县和县级市。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">县和县级市在城市权力体系中处于下游。来自中央和省级的公共资源很难照顾到。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">部分贫困县，能够获得上一级权力的倾斜，但是因为本身社会经济的落后，这种支持往往无法持久。输血不如造血。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">东南沿海有一些经济大县，经济繁荣，制造业发达。强大的经济实力，可以部分弥补公共资源匮乏之弊，比如沿海有不少医院，虽然级别上不高，但是设备很好，还可高薪聘请医生，实际医疗水平不亚于一些地级市甚至省会的医院。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">但总体而言，再发达的县，公共资源都是匮乏的。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);border-right-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(4, 34, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第九等级：乡镇</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡镇本非独立的城市，但有建制的乡镇，其驻地属于城市，不属农村。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡镇在城市权力等级中处于末梢。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">沿海经济发达地区的乡镇，有的事权略大，比如佛山，典型的乡镇事权大于区县，权力下沉。由此社会管理方面主导权比较大，经济发展自由度充分。社会开放。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">最特殊的地方是东莞，东莞不设县，市直管镇，虎门、长安等镇闻名天下，俨然成市。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">但沿海部分地区只是例外，不具备代表性。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">总体而言，大多数乡镇财权、事权和经济发展权受到上位权力制约。尤其是内地最典普遍。。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">中国城市的九大权力等级</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">（制图：罗天昊国与城）</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.08125" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibDdqX6v7ssEiaXg5ShsZ8NwB60gYHcLRZpo5GZecA2MtRlg5OibiazbkVJwXu6WWRiaj493gHO2ibpmayA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 6px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);border-right-color: rgb(15, 51, 129);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（3）结语：</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">市场的当归市场，权力的当归权力。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">商业竞争属于市场体系，以效率优先；公共资源属于权力体系，以公平优先。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">分散和均分公共资源，可造就有效的服务体系。广泛造福祉于民。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国未来要造就全面崛起，公共资源需要适当均衡分布。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章来源丨罗天昊国与城</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">投稿邮箱丨xjxtd@126.com</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">中规建业城市规划设计院   信息中心</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 15px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px;border-width: 2px 0px 0px;border-radius: 10px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(167, 32, 9);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 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border-box;">平台粉丝量突破6万啦！</strong></span>对我们来说是莫大的鼓励，感谢大家一直以来对的支持与陪伴！欢迎大家为平台提出宝贵意见和建议，我们将积极采纳，力求做到更好！</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">平台为<span style="background-color: rgb(167, 32, 9);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;">第6万个粉丝</span></strong></span>准备了一份小<span style="background-color: rgb(167, 32, 9);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;">礼物</span></strong></span>，小编已留言给这位粉丝，请您看到留言后尽快联系小编，小编将第一时间为您寄出礼物~</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">再次感谢大家对的关注和支持！</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p 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inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5828125" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibDdqX6v7ssEiaXg5ShsZ8NwBbTK84GZ6srkKUhaRib9anM1kibFvibDG3wWCc74qRZEnrAeEAzra9Og7g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 82%;border-width: 0px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 13px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">关注丨重庆市机构改革，设置全国第一家“规划和自然资源局”</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(219, 219, 219);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 18%;border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);padding: 2px 5px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7490741" 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style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">地址：</strong>北京市海淀区学清路9号汇智大厦B座</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">电话：</strong>010-57811531</p></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 100%;text-align: right;margin-top: -4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 50px;height: 4px;background-color: rgb(125, 106, 96);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/KoH4xpDrnibAicibecGZ0jZbxExLA6ALOJr7mdnygvcfibvYtrHRscNXVko4mMIwDFqFfrPpj0K6PSMzNwqw9266oA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" 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