国匠城工作台

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fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M135.7,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1s-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1S135.7,1.7,135.7,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M131.3,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C130.8,1.2,131.3,1.7,131.3,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g></g></svg></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(107, 107, 107);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">【北京规划建设】是由与《北京规划建设》杂志联合推出的栏目，这里有新认知与旧经验的碰撞，新媒体与传统媒体的聚合。《北京规划建设》创刊于1987年，迄今已有31年的办刊历史。期刊强调深邃的思想性、厚重的理论性、丰富的实践性及敏锐的新闻性。【北京规划建设】系列既有严谨洗练的学术论文，也有轻松活泼的随笔。你走，我不送你；你来，无论多大风雨，我都等你。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 303.3 4.6" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M189.5,1.8c-1.4,0-2.7,0-4.1-0.3c-0.6-0.1-1.2-0.2-1.7-0.5c-0.3-0.1-1.5-1.3-1.3-0.4      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fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M131.3,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C130.8,1.2,131.3,1.7,131.3,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g></g></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(234, 226, 243);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 8px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -10px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);padding: 15px 15px 10px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 61%;padding-right: 5px;border-width: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(62, 62, 62);padding-right: 15px;color: rgb(162, 117, 184);letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">李昊</strong></p><p style="clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">（微信：intercrespo）</span></p></section><section style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(62, 62, 62);height: 25px;float: right;margin-top: -16px;margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.68;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划师、城市研究学者。致力于在国际比较视角下思考城乡社会转型和空间重构，以及人与环境的深层互动。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 38%;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.9964789" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMu2u4fFplQa2jETuNlw3l1NxsknwqDPQbOw4boUSA2x6Hfm4Mfg3kxNRkz8GD1HGoczvibG3j2WjA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="284" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eMu2u4fFplQa2jETuNlw3l1WicXlXu9LKGebZZQb91r7BpHKhYSBmGbPFibeESB63OfuSj8lbzu57Tg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 100%;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;margin: 20px 0% 30px;overflow: hidden;font-size: 11px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 18em;height: 18em;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;text-align: center;border-radius: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table;width: 100%;height: 100%;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent;border-radius: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;line-height: 1.6;padding: 15px;border-radius: 100%;box-shadow: rgb(116, 116, 116) 0px 0px 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;opacity: 0.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.1726384" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMu2u4fFplQa2jETuNlw3l1WrNTX5a55sIdLdANSCEOQdVMWKuKKYSjNgzVxySOJibsuY7ggBbbKKg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="614" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(253, 151, 149);font-size: 26px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">网络时代的互联网文化</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;opacity: 0.51;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 70%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.1726384" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMu2u4fFplQa2jETuNlw3l1WrNTX5a55sIdLdANSCEOQdVMWKuKKYSjNgzVxySOJibsuY7ggBbbKKg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="614" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">“数字孪生城市”这个说法，总是让我想起电影《头号玩家》——在现实生活之外，有着另一个虚拟的游戏世界。玩家们在现实中生活，却在虚拟世界创造着生活。两个世界看似全然不同，但通过玩家们的参与和互动，现实与虚拟相互交织，深刻地改变了两个世界。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4140625" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMu2u4fFplQa2jETuNlw3l1zbUGeyibJOQiciafiaEib7WMQWx1yhiaS9r2z2XVt5GupOjLocMLtqDW5ktw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">电影《头号玩家》剧照</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">互联网时代，数字技术的广泛应用，对城市发展与居民生活的各个方面产生了深远影响。网络虚拟空间与城市的实体空间相互耦合交织，共同产生了剧烈演变。以信息通信技术、移动互联网等为驱动和载体的新技术，无孔不入地嵌入了我们的日常生活，影响着人与人的交流方式，也深刻地改变了文化的生产方式。正如腾讯传媒研究院的《众媒时代》一书的书名所表达的那样，众人都主动或被动地进入了互联网时代的文化生产与传播之中。比特化的文字、影音和图像，重塑了世界的新秩序，而人类文化活动的空间性，也由实体空间向虚拟空间拓展。日新月异的互联网文化，并不直接改变现实世界中的物质空间结构，而是通过改变空间组织的文化表征，演绎出新的空间内容，这可以说是一种虚拟世界的空间生产。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">基于互联网的人际交流关系，在某种意义上推动了一种公共的、自下而上的文化再造。事实上，在互联网出现之后，波普艺术与大众文化日益“比特化”（数字化）。移动互联网作为一种新型的媒体介质，更具有粒度小、自由、无处不在的特性，其引领的网络文化呈现更加下沉的趋势和草根的特征。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">本雅明的艺术生产理论印证了互联网文化的生成动力。他曾审视大众文化，并认为其将使得古典艺术“光晕”消失，并且新进的技术将助推其蓬勃兴起。在互联网文化生产过程中，用户生成内容模式（UGC，user generate content），使得生产者与消费者高度融合，互动性与参与性、主体与客体的模糊性，都为这种文化的生成注入了强劲动力。移动互联网的无边界、下沉趋势，亚文化、亚群体等不断出现，造成了城市文化的参与者更加多元，表现更为复杂和动态，具有时空跳跃性。在这样的技术-人文形态的推波助澜下，传统的文化生产模式和形态开始消解，互联网文化在新技术驱动力下得以蓬勃发展。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eMu2u4fFplQa2jETuNlw3l1WicXlXu9LKGebZZQb91r7BpHKhYSBmGbPFibeESB63OfuSj8lbzu57Tg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 100%;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;margin: 20px 0% 30px;overflow: hidden;font-size: 11px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 18em;height: 18em;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;text-align: center;border-radius: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table;width: 100%;height: 100%;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent;border-radius: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;line-height: 1.6;padding: 15px;border-radius: 100%;box-shadow: rgb(116, 116, 116) 0px 0px 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;opacity: 0.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.1726384" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMu2u4fFplQa2jETuNlw3l1WrNTX5a55sIdLdANSCEOQdVMWKuKKYSjNgzVxySOJibsuY7ggBbbKKg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="614" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(253, 151, 149);font-size: 26px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">快手</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(245, 177, 167);font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">草根型文化生产与社会分异</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;opacity: 0.51;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 70%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.1726384" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMu2u4fFplQa2jETuNlw3l1WrNTX5a55sIdLdANSCEOQdVMWKuKKYSjNgzVxySOJibsuY7ggBbbKKg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="614" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">网络直播是网民们可以同一时间透过网络系统在一个平台进行各种交流的活动，是一种新兴的社交方式，也是一种新的文化生产模式。在YY、快手、酷狗直播等网站或APP的直播间，主播们除了直播游戏和各种日常生活，最常见的是大量女主播表演唱歌，并且随时和粉丝互动，进行聊天或者玩游戏等。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMu2u4fFplQa2jETuNlw3l1BDZiaibA2OE1H0PkKmfrD7TUnexKCXfcPlpZJXZE7Ex0GpYVXzFEFWrg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">一个典型的网络直播间——腾讯花样直播平台</span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图片来源：http://www.cncrk.com/downinfo/146500.html</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2017年，快手这款直播APP引爆了互联网文化领域，成为富有争议的话题。这个直播平台以大众化与草根性著称，但也造成了大量“三俗”1内容的产生。快手是互联网“屌丝经济”的典型代表，它反映了新型草根的、自下而上的文化生产模式。正如 “咪蒙体”文风网络文章的走红，恰是对传统精英文化生产的解构与嘲讽那样，快手上的诸多直播视频，都以一种草根的姿态，进行着对大众流行文化的解构和再造。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在网络直播间，比较有代表性的一种颇有争议又具有较强影响力的亚文化，就是喊麦。喊麦与说唱乐（rap）类似，但又有所不同。歌手伴随着强烈节奏的音乐，直接喊而不是唱出歌词（有些类似数来宝），歌唱形式简单粗暴缺乏韵律，歌词内容不甚高雅。可以说喊麦更像是进行一种情感宣泄，而非传统的、高雅的艺术创作。喊麦在网络直播中成为最流行的演艺形式，也带动了大量网络亚文化的出现。知名的喊麦歌手，不仅通过网络之火收获了大量粉丝，获取了巨额收入，也在现实世界产生了巨大影响力。“喊麦一哥”MC天佑的出场费曾超过许多大牌明星。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">值得注意的一个现象是喊麦特别具有地方性。大部分喊麦歌手都来自东北，在喊麦表演中，东北口音非常浓重，歌词亦有大量东北方言。甚至有这样的说法：“东北产业转型，重工业靠烧烤，轻工业靠喊麦。”这意味着网络空间同样存在着地域性，这是一种更大尺度的空间分异。从这个特点来看，喊麦的发展，与美国以说唱乐为代表的黑人文化的兴起，有一定相似性。以底特律为代表的美国锈带城市，在产业衰退后，大量工人失业，这些失业工人通过说唱乐等方式进行宣泄，逐渐形成了草根的嘻哈文化。东北与美国的锈带城市具有类似性，现在面临着严重的经济衰退和人口外流。不少就业困难的年轻人，在网络上进行艺术化的情绪表达，促成了喊麦的形成。尽管喊麦与美国的说唱文化，在音乐本质上并无关联，但这种草根生成流行文化的机制，映射出跨越大洋的文化地景的一种异域重构。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">另一个快手展现出的现象，是社会文化心理的分异。这款APP及其生产的文化内容，在不同人群中的接受程度和流行程度差异极大。我曾经长期听说喊麦这个事物，但是对其并不了解。直到我进入直播间之后，才发现好似打开了另一个世界，一个全然不同于我和同事、朋友等周边生活圈子的世界。在我日常接触的社交媒体（多为城市白领）中，人们都对喊麦表示不屑。但我办公楼的保安，一个用热门喊麦歌曲《一人饮酒醉》作为手机铃声的大叔，则告诉我，在他的圈子（外来打工者、低收入群体）里，喊麦是最流行的文化。我们只能说，喊麦在网络的某种空间里大行其道。互联网的兴起，曾经让人对 “世界大同”感受到无限的憧憬，但事实上我们在互联网世界中日益割裂，不同群体的社会分层，不仅出现在现实空间，也出现在网络空间，甚至在后者中表现更为明显。不同背景、阶层的人，可能会出现在一个城市公园，可能会在地铁里擦肩而过，但是在网络上竟然毫无交集。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">毫无疑问，互联网先天具有无边界的特征，但它究竟是缩小了人与人之间的距离，还是让不同群体更加疏远？北岛说“一个人行走的范围就是他的世界”，这或许是传统物质世界里的概念，在虚拟的网络世界中，不同群体有着不同的精神需求和文化需求，因此在现实世界中高度重合的人群，在网络世界中的距离或许将百倍地拉大。我想到，北京奥运会的宣传语是“同一个世界，同一个梦想”。但是在这个城市，我和保安大叔同在一屋檐下，但在网络空间的活动，我们的文艺欣赏与参与，相去甚远。我们上不同的网站，听不同的歌曲，用不同的社交媒体。即便加了微信，也不会有任何互动，各种在朋友圈转发的文章，也全无交集。随着科技的发展和文化生产方式的不断变化，这种分化没有任何缩小的趋势。“阶层固化”不仅仅发生在现实中，在网络社会中更是如此。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eMu2u4fFplQa2jETuNlw3l1WicXlXu9LKGebZZQb91r7BpHKhYSBmGbPFibeESB63OfuSj8lbzu57Tg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 100%;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;margin: 20px 0% 30px;overflow: hidden;font-size: 11px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 18em;height: 18em;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;text-align: center;border-radius: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table;width: 100%;height: 100%;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent;border-radius: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;line-height: 1.6;padding: 15px;border-radius: 100%;box-shadow: rgb(116, 116, 116) 0px 0px 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;opacity: 0.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.1726384" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMu2u4fFplQa2jETuNlw3l1WrNTX5a55sIdLdANSCEOQdVMWKuKKYSjNgzVxySOJibsuY7ggBbbKKg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="614" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(253, 151, 149);font-size: 26px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">抖音</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(245, 177, 167);font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市营销的新模式</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;opacity: 0.51;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 70%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.1726384" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMu2u4fFplQa2jETuNlw3l1WrNTX5a55sIdLdANSCEOQdVMWKuKKYSjNgzVxySOJibsuY7ggBbbKKg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="614" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">如果说2017年的快手展现了互联网社会的割裂，那么2018年的抖音则展示了现实与网络的正向互动——这款APP在不经意间成为了年度现象级产品。在2018年春节后才成为爆款的抖音，从本质上讲与快手并无不同，但是从风格设计与场景应用上，抖音从传统网络文化的草根气质中实现了升级2，成功地突破了阶层和群体的限制，既能“下里巴人”又能“阳春白雪”，因此在社会大众中产生了巨大的影响力。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">值得注意的是，抖音在城市文化旅游的宣传、城市品牌的营销中起到了意想不到的作用。先是春节期间，游客们在西安古城墙下永兴坊的摔碗酒的小视频，引爆了关于这座城市的流量。游客们买一碗酒，喝完后将碗摔向碎碗堆里，讨个岁岁平安的彩头。没想到这些视频在抖音平台大火。随后西安市高新区、西咸新区、曲江等区域都涌现出了各种爆款抖音视频。甚至城市的官方已经介入，通过抖音平台，进行2018年的“西安年·最中国”的文化旅游宣传。西安各城区也推出有奖征集，鼓励网友发布本地视频。在抖音上，一个#西安#的主题挑战，吸引了数万网友参与，带动了大量游客前往西安旅游。这座向来以传统、厚重的历史文化闻名的古城，借助互联网文化生产，实现了更加新潮的营销。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.7643678" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMu2u4fFplQa2jETuNlw3l1L2nNARXBDlOzrI7VhobkIuXlpliajVw3a1aM7K5TtqBxsOz7CVUe9YQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="348" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">抖音上的西安摔碗酒</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图片来源：http://dy.163.com/v2/article/detail/DC5NRJID0524COR2.html</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.665625" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMu2u4fFplQa2jETuNlw3l15rZ9whL53waVLIT1jribFgLvtXiabIRqibx8LuVs1KsKyogDnaBFZXJSQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">2018年的西安年·最中国的城市旅游营销</span></p><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图片来源：http://dy.163.com/v2/article/detail/DC5NRJID0524COR2. html</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随后一系列抖音“网红城市”开始涌现。被誉为“赛博朋克”之都的重庆，众多关于2号线穿过大楼抵达李子坝站的视频吸引了大量人气。在洪崖洞拍摄的夜景，展现了这座城市“赛博朋克”的魔幻气质，也受到网友热捧。借助抖音视频带来的流量，在人气排行榜上，洪崖洞竟然冲到了假期热门景点第二名，仅次于北京故宫。而天空悬廊、长江索道等视频，也极大地宣传了这座城市的各种地标和场景。在成都，春熙路成为抖音直播的热门地点，被誉为抖音街。各路网红在这条街上进行直播，不少游客也被采访而进入镜头，从而在网上创造了城市新的文化地标。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">其他地区诸如青海茶卡盐湖的天空之境、济南的连音社等，也因为抖音视频而名声大噪。火爆的抖音视频，为传统经典赋予了新意，更是创造了许多新的景点，成为游客“打卡”必到之地。对某款产品或某处旅游的体验视频，往往能引发众多观众的效仿。各地的自然风光、人文景点、文艺表演和特色服务等，通过抖音小视频和直播，让广大网友“中毒”，实现了内容的再生产和地域品牌的传播。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">随着各个城市在抖音平台上的介入，一种以网络视频为触媒，文化旅游和创意产业跟进的线上线下互动的模式，成为城市营销的新趋势。这可谓是“数字孪生城市”的绝佳案例：城市在现实世界中展开抢人大战，通过各种政策、机制来吸引居民安居落户、吸引游客游玩消费。在网络世界，城市则如同一个个网红主播一样，在媒体平台上展开竞争，竞相引流圈粉。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">这或许意味着城市营销由精英模式向大众模式的转变。以往，城市热衷于聘请“国师”张艺谋之类的明星导演，通过大手笔投资，打造宏大场景，以城市宣传片的形式进行营销，为城市树碑立传。在如今的互联网时代，地域营销的话语权和意识形态都面临着转变。网友们通过分享、协作式的“众包”模式进行着自下而上的文化生产，并且从城市的细节、日常生活入手，展现更接近“人的尺度”的都市场景。更多的网友继而通过 “赞”“分享”“评论”等形式，形成舆论过滤器，进行着滚动式的文化再创造。这种类似蜂群的群体智能，推动了营销内容的流动和影响力的指数级扩大。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">抖音的地域性视频，表达了网友们对于有趣、充满活力、时尚以及国际化的城市元素的认可。这与理查德·佛罗里达的创意阶层理论3不谋而合，可以看作是消费升级时代，人们对于理想城市期望值的升级：城市不仅需要有良好的基础设施，更要有多元、开放和富有创意的社会氛围（及营商环境）。大众媒体构建的虚拟城市，对现实中的城市政策亦有很大的启发。需要注意到，任何一款走红的互联网产品，都建立在对人性的洞察、对社会文化心理的深入理解之上。这和以人为本的城市发展在本质上并无不同。城市也需要深刻理解新时期人们的心理诉求、精神需求，通过合理的创意设计，把城市的各种要素进行“内容生产”，通过新兴媒体渠道进行营销。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/icKFe0wqE4eMu2u4fFplQa2jETuNlw3l1WicXlXu9LKGebZZQb91r7BpHKhYSBmGbPFibeESB63OfuSj8lbzu57Tg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 100%;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;margin: 20px 0% 30px;overflow: hidden;font-size: 11px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 18em;height: 18em;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;text-align: center;border-radius: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table;width: 100%;height: 100%;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: transparent;border-radius: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;line-height: 1.6;padding: 15px;border-radius: 100%;box-shadow: rgb(116, 116, 116) 0px 0px 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;opacity: 0.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.1726384" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMu2u4fFplQa2jETuNlw3l1WrNTX5a55sIdLdANSCEOQdVMWKuKKYSjNgzVxySOJibsuY7ggBbbKKg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="614" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(253, 151, 149);font-size: 26px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">小节</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(245, 177, 167);font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">互联网新生态与城市的未来</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;opacity: 0.51;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 70%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.1726384" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMu2u4fFplQa2jETuNlw3l1WrNTX5a55sIdLdANSCEOQdVMWKuKKYSjNgzVxySOJibsuY7ggBbbKKg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="614" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">正如法国社会学家皮埃尔·布迪厄的定义：“一个场域可以被定义为在各种位置之间存在的客观关系的一个网络，或者一个构型……这些位置得到了客观的界定，其根据是这些位置在不同类型的权利或资本。”移动互联网形成的新的场域，重新定义了人与人之间的社会关系，以及人与城市的关系。在由一台台智能手机和4G信号所组成的虚拟空间中，公共社交的规范与失控、去中心化和碎片化，都引发了都市物质与精神领域的变革。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在这样的背景下，城市最终可能成为一款互联网产品。从城市规划的角度来看，公众参与的内涵将得到极大的拓展，公众将成为众包机制下的内容生产者。按照凯文·凯利的说法，“社交媒体是成千上万人共享的信息公社”。极客、创意阶层和科技公司汇聚在这样的信息公社中，通过自组织的参与，在虚拟空间中进行着文化生产。每个人的创意，最终在城市这个“超媒体”得以整合，进而与实体空间的城市形成互动。在这一过程中，新媒体平台和社交网络的价值将凸显，不仅作为内容的呈现媒介，更将成为资源连接的工具，通过连接资本、客群，实现面向城市全周期运营的产业链构建。互联网媒介，将带动一系列的社会变革。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">这是一个非常复杂的过程，技术、社会、文化等多重要素相互耦合，将重新定义和重塑城市竞争与合作的格局，重新定义城市与人的边界。城市规划师不仅要在现实世界中协调人与物理环境的关系，也将深度卷入虚拟世界中新城市关系的构建。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 303.3 4.6" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M189.5,1.8c-1.4,0-2.7,0-4.1-0.3c-0.6-0.1-1.2-0.2-1.7-0.5c-0.3-0.1-1.5-1.3-1.3-0.4      c-0.4-0.4-1.2-1.2-1-0.1c0.1,0.4,0.6,1,0.6,1.4c0,0.1,0,0.3,0,0.4c0,0.1,0,0.2,0,0.4c0,0.4-0.5,1-0.6,1.3      c-0.2,1.1,0.6,0.3,1-0.2c-0.1,0.9,1.1-0.2,1.3-0.4c0.5-0.2,1.2-0.4,1.7-0.5c1.3-0.3,2.7-0.3,4.1-0.3c2.8,0,5.5-0.1,8.3-0.1      c1.8,0,97.5-0.1,99.1,0.4c0.6,0.2,1.7,0.8,2.4,0.5c0.9-0.4-0.5-0.9-0.8-1.3c0.2-0.4,1.7-0.9,0.8-1.3c-0.6-0.3-1.8,0.3-2.4,0.5      c-1.7,0.5-97.3,0.4-99.1,0.4C195,1.9,192.3,1.8,189.5,1.8z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" 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style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M179.9,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C179.4,1.2,179.9,1.7,179.9,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M175.5,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C175,1.2,175.5,1.7,175.5,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M171.1,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C170.6,1.2,171.1,1.7,171.1,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M166.6,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C166.2,1.2,166.6,1.7,166.6,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M162.2,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C161.7,1.2,162.2,1.7,162.2,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M157.8,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C157.3,1.2,157.8,1.7,157.8,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M153.4,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C152.9,1.2,153.4,1.7,153.4,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M149,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1s-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1S149,1.7,149,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M144.5,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C144.1,1.2,144.5,1.7,144.5,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M140.1,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C139.7,1.2,140.1,1.7,140.1,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M135.7,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1s-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1S135.7,1.7,135.7,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M131.3,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C130.8,1.2,131.3,1.7,131.3,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g></g></svg></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">注释</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">1 “三俗”，指庸俗、低俗、媚俗。</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">2 从某种角度上看，在白领间非常流行的抖音，可以看作是“绅士化”的快手。</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">3 理查德·佛罗里达在《创意阶层的兴起》中，描绘了新的社会经济阶层——创意阶层的出现。创意阶层是一个注重创意、创新的阶层，是后工业社会的发展动力。</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></em></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 303.3 4.6" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M189.5,1.8c-1.4,0-2.7,0-4.1-0.3c-0.6-0.1-1.2-0.2-1.7-0.5c-0.3-0.1-1.5-1.3-1.3-0.4      c-0.4-0.4-1.2-1.2-1-0.1c0.1,0.4,0.6,1,0.6,1.4c0,0.1,0,0.3,0,0.4c0,0.1,0,0.2,0,0.4c0,0.4-0.5,1-0.6,1.3      c-0.2,1.1,0.6,0.3,1-0.2c-0.1,0.9,1.1-0.2,1.3-0.4c0.5-0.2,1.2-0.4,1.7-0.5c1.3-0.3,2.7-0.3,4.1-0.3c2.8,0,5.5-0.1,8.3-0.1      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C130.8,1.2,131.3,1.7,131.3,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g></g></svg></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">原文发表于《北京规划建设》杂志2018年第5期。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">获授权微信首发，如需转载请联系本号。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p>
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