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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);border-right-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">刘　扬</strong>　江苏省城市规划设计研究院</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">周素红</strong>　中山大学地理科学与规划学院教授，广东省城市化与地理环境空间模拟重点实验室</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">张济婷</strong>　中山大学地理科学与规划学院，广东省城市化与地理环境空间模拟重点实验室</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文刊载：</strong>刘扬,周素红,张济婷.城市内部居住迁移对个体健康的影响——以广州市为例[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(06):801-810.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">版权说明</strong>：本文为原篇的简写版，感谢作者授权发布，如有转载等事宜，请联系原作者。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(247, 242, 236);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-left: 6px dotted rgb(71, 193, 168);border-right: 6px dotted rgb(71, 193, 168);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">摘要：</strong></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;">　　居住迁移作为城市最重要的活动之一，对个体生理和心理健康的影响受到社会学和心理学的关注，但鲜有从迁移所涉及的居住环境、迁移方向、距离等地理角度展开系统研究。</p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;">　　本文以广州市为例，利用2016 年入户调研问卷数据，运用二项logistic 回归分析方法并结合深度访谈法，分析居住迁移的时间特征、空间特征等因素对个体自评生理健康与心理健康带来的影响。</p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;">　　研究结果表明，居住迁移对个体健康的影响包括长期累积效应与短期效应。前者是指个体18 岁前频繁的居住迁移对生理和心理造成的负面影响；后者为短时间内居住迁移对心理健康造成较大的负面影响。</p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;">　　</p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;">　　此外，在最近一次居住迁移中，主动迁居对生理健康有显著正向影响，离心性迁移方向对心理健康亦有显著正向影响；长距离迁移对心理健康则为负向影响。研究结果对于个体择居、社区建设具有重要的意义。</p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关键词：</strong>居住迁移；自评生理健康；自评心理健康；logistic回归模型；广州</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin-top: -6px;margin-bottom: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1 引言</strong></p></section></section><section style="overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　<strong>城市内部居住迁移(intra-urban residential mobility)是城市居民重要活动之一，可通过居民的住房选择来改变城市空间</strong>(Maeng et al, 2010)，因而受到了学者的广泛关注。已有研究在迁居动因、迁居过程特征和迁居带来的影响等方面都已积累较多的研究成果(侯明等, 2014)。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　在迁居带来的影响方面，现有研究主要将居住迁移与城市空间结构、社会分异相结合来研究居住迁移带来的城市宏观方面的影响(李志刚等, 2006; 孙斌栋等, 2009; 陈宏胜等, 2014)；而对个体层面影响的研究，主要从行为地理的角度出发，如探讨低碳出行与交通方式的选择，购物等休闲活动(冯健等, 2004; Beenackers etal, 2012)，以及通勤行为与职住关系（孟斌等，2013），社会网络(李鹏飞等, 2013)等方面。随着研究的深入，逐渐开始关注迁居对个体健康的影响，探讨不同群体生理和心理健康的影响因素。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　近年来，随着中国城市居民对健康状况的重视程度提高，越来越多的学者开始关注中国城市社会发展过程中城市居民的健康状况，如社会分异、邻里影响、城市建成环境与居民健康的相关关系(林雄斌等,2015;马静等,2017;周素红等,2017)。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　居住迁移作为居住空间重构过程的反映，对居民个体的影响也开始受到关注，但多关注城乡迁移(李忠斌等, 2009; 何雪松等, 2010; 吉黎, 2013; 秦立建等,2014)，鲜见有关城市内部居住迁移对居民健康影响的相关研究。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="558" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="349" data-ratio="0.6343283582089553" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB7ibuTduQqm7rYXju9Ap7hibib4w1va2v4KdtqHC6dXVEh8nkia64o4Ph4IuPjXlHJPcUaV01WN0O5ORXg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="670" style="width: 558px;height: 354px;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">（图源：全景网）</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　尽管国内相关研究缺乏，但国外研究已相对成熟，这类研究起源于“去机构化(deinstitutionalization)”背景下大量老年人群体向社区公共医疗机构的迁移。已有研究主要包括以下3 个方面：</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　①<strong>研</strong><strong>究居住迁移对死亡率、发病率、生理和心理健康各项健康指标的影响</strong>(Camargo et al, 1945; Blenkner,1967; Borup et al, 1979)。结果表明，居住迁移对健康产生短期效应和长期累积效应(Ben-Shlomo et al, 2002; Jelleyman et al, 2008; Ludwig et al, 2012)，但影响为正或负不统一。例如居住迁移可能导致老年人体重下降、行动能力降低和心理负面情绪的产生(Mirotznik et al, 1995; Lander et al, 1997; Haight et al, 1998)；在幼年时期频繁的迁居经历可能对个体产生心理健康、问题行为等方面的影响(Adam et al, 2002; Lin et al, 2012)，但若是搬向条件更好的区域则可能带来更强的幸福感(Chetty et al,2016)；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　②<strong>居住迁移对健康影响的调节因素</strong>。居住迁移对健康影响的方向、强弱因个人社会经济属性、社会支持、可控性、生命历程重要事件、个人生活习惯等因素而产生差异(Kasl, 1972; Schaefer et al, 1981; Murphy, 1982; Hong et al, 2009)。这类研究主要通过定量模型分析变量的调节效应，或通过对比分析不同群体所受影响的差异；</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　③<strong>居住迁移对健康影响的作用机制</strong>。已有理论为解释影响作用提供了理论框架：压力与应对理论(stress and coping theory)和向机遇迁居的视角(the moving to opportunity perspective)强调环境变化的作用(Stokols et al, 1982; Goering et al, 1999)，社会资本理论(social capital theory)认为社会关系网络的改变会带来个人社会功能障碍等(Blenkner, 1967; Coleman, 1988; Lander et al, 1997)。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　但上述研究多集中于医学和心理学领域，将迁居视为一项结果。无论是短期影响还是长期累积效应，都只是对比迁移前后健康状况的变化，或者仅仅关注迁移与否、迁移频次带来的影响，更侧重于个体生理和心理健康各项指标的测度和反馈；而较少对迁居各项特征的差异产生何种健康影响进行系统研究。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="558" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="314" data-ratio="0.6238805970149254" data-s="300,640" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB7ibuTduQqm7rYXju9Ap7hibib4YjuONXgNQEZHNicnQticUfHt8vIuSZH5ngyU8iaJOOJZ23aZ4b6pC6Q9w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="670" style="width: 558px;height: 348px;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">（图源：全景网）</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　与其他国家转型时期相比，<strong>中国城市内部迁居率偏高</strong>(吴缚龙等, 2007)，迁居动因也有不同的背景，因此迁居对居民健康的影响值得关注。本文选取转型时期城市内部居住迁移现象较为普遍的广州市为案例地，较为系统地<strong>从居住迁移的时间和空间特征入手，分析居住迁移的累积和短期效应，以及迁移距离、意愿和方向对生理健康与心理健康的影响</strong>。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　为确保研究结果的可靠性，本文将在居住迁移影响健康过程中起调节或缓冲作用的个人社会经济属性、个人生活习惯、邻里环境与社会支持因素作为控制变量纳入模型，检验居住迁移对健康的影响。尝试通过建立“社会—生态学模型”解释居住迁移对个体健康的作用，研究结果可为个体择居和城市社区建设提供相关建议。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin-top: -6px;margin-bottom: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2 数据来源于研究方法</strong></p></section></section><section style="overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　本文选取案例地广州市的老城区，内环路与环城高速公路之间的过渡区，以及环城高速以外的外围区为研究区域。研究范围如图1所示。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="558" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="556" data-ratio="0.99609375" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB781ibxwYRdnmyZeaqxbPbCZwXHCnUK9C0wuFPXYuicsIJEubJYGJOW6VAz6Ltw0vSnepYjGVITOOtIg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1280" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 558px;height: 556px;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　本文将居住迁移频率、时长、迁移特征等与迁移相关的变量作为需要观测的解释变量，个人社会经济属性、个人生活习惯作为控制变量，利用SPSS22.0 进行logistic 回归，分析居住迁移对健康的影响，检验居住迁移等相关因素对健康作用的方向与强度。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　根据已有研究，居住迁移可采用迁移频率、迁移时长、迁移意愿、迁移方向与离多个维度进行表征（表1）。身心健康采用自评指标进行测度（表2）。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;">表1 居住迁移相关解释变量</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="558" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="179" data-ratio="0.3212090163934426" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB781ibxwYRdnmyZeaqxbPbCZw0iaWs12bcncXmAbO34hHwrsQZPLHPmN2UMydlf0UFGu5Mre63ZmZM2A/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1952" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 558px;height: 179px;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;">表2 居民健康状况衡量指标</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="558" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="194" data-ratio="0.3485915492957746" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB781ibxwYRdnmyZeaqxbPbCZwfIfKnZqbb1YZxM2kTMpydNuX6lgVictmoB5OTzTWgiaibZ8k6gP9PYDQw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1988" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 558px;height: 195px;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin-top: -6px;margin-bottom: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3 居民居住迁移与健康特征</strong></p></section></section><section style="overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　通过描述统计分析发现，无论在什么阶段，迁移频率高者生理健康状况均更差，5 年内迁移频率高者心理健康状况更差；入住时间增长，居民心理健康状况明显有更好的趋势，入住1 年内居民生理健康状况明显比其他居民差；主动迁移的居民生理和心理健康状况均较被动迁居者好；内—内迁移者的生理健康状况明显较差，外—内和外—外迁移者的心理健康状况明显较差。且居民生理健康与心理健康存在差异，有进行分类讨论的必要。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin-top: -6px;margin-bottom: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4 居住迁移对个体健康的影响</strong></p></section></section><section style="overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　控制个人社会经济属性、生活习惯与邻里及社会支持3 个方面的影响因素后，居住迁移的频率累积和短期内的居住迁移对个体生理和心理健康产生影响，且影响以负向为主。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　在累积效应方面，近5 年内迁移频率对生理和心理健康的累积影响显著，18 岁以前迁移频率仅对生理健康的累积影响显著；在短期效应方面，迁移到新居住区的时间越短，生理和心理健康状况差的概率越大，心理健康受到居住迁移的短期影响更大；在居住迁移特征方面，主动迁居对生理健康有正向显著影响，离心性迁移方向对心理健康有正向显著影响，长距离迁居对心理健康有负向影响。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;">表3 居住迁移对居民生理心理健康影响总结表</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="558" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="201" data-ratio="0.3600597609561753" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB781ibxwYRdnmyZeaqxbPbCZwCd5zhmhTmyonSLRMQtUZf6cIc15UgoAv6NxAq7pbRmvjS8qCLYPwpw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="2008" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 558px;height: 201px;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　根据“社会生态模型”，将居住迁移对居民生理和心理健康的影响关系汇总，如图2 所示。居住迁移的频率、时长、方向和距离均属于外在因素，迁移意愿属于个人内在因素，作为因变量的个人生理与心理健康也属于内在因素。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　居住迁移会耗损体力和造成一定时间内的环境不适应，因而短期内不利于生理和心理健康；迁居距离长，环境适应难度大，因此对心理健康的负面影响更强；同时，高频率的居住迁移大量消耗体力，并有环境适应过程，因此不利于生理和心理健康；广州新建配置齐全的居住小区多位于近郊，外向型迁移以改善居住条件为目的的可能性大，有利于生理和心理健康；主动迁移者意愿得到满足，更有利于生理和心理健康。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="558" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="256" data-ratio="0.4583333333333333" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB781ibxwYRdnmyZeaqxbPbCZwfhbr1T7MtOM4PK8y9cqPDdFFhEZqQZibyZNPZhSbibPAoF3d0YhJW3icg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1392" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 558px;height: 256px;"  /></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;">图2 居住迁移对居民生理和心理健康影响关系</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin-top: -6px;margin-bottom: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">5 结论与讨论</strong></p></section></section><section style="overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section><section style="padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);float: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　本文从地理学的视角对居住迁移活动的时空特征进行归纳，并分析长短期时间效应以及迁移意愿、距离、方向等空间特征对居民生理和心理健康状况影响的差异，弥补了对地理维度重视的不足。<strong>城市内部居住迁移对个体健康具有显著影响。</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　<strong>总体而言，生理健康受长期累积效应影响较为明显，而心理健康受短期效应影响较为明显。</strong>无论是短期还是长期效应，迁移对居民生理和心理健康均产生负面影响，制定适宜居民长期稳定居住的规划或政策将有利于提高居民的生理和心理健康水平。社区社会关系的稳定和密切有利于促进居民心理健康的提升，尽管对于生理健康的影响方向不确定，营造稳定的社区关系网络将有利于提升居民健康水平。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">　　本文仍存在一些值得探讨的地方，包括主动迁居的正向效应与居住迁移的负向效应共同作用的机制、居住迁移影响的过程中生理和心理健康的相互作用机制、居民对新居的适应期长度等，有待在今后的研究中，通过大样本纵向健康状况的跟踪调研，进行更深入的探讨。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;height: 240px;vertical-align: top;overflow-y: auto;box-sizing: border-box;-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;"><section style="overflow-x: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 46%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(18, 39, 54);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/yXntXceyB781ibxwYRdnmyZeaqxbPbCZwxwyQAyAQjD1aPmGzqptm0f6kZrlHic0m5K3rIib64C78hicqyicubxaiaOw/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 100%;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.345" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/yXntXceyB781ibxwYRdnmyZeaqxbPbCZwxwyQAyAQjD1aPmGzqptm0f6kZrlHic0m5K3rIib64C78hicqyicubxaiaOw/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="200" style="vertical-align: middle;opacity: 0;width: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 46%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(18, 39, 54);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p 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