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fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M140.1,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C139.7,1.2,140.1,1.7,140.1,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M135.7,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1s-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1S135.7,1.7,135.7,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M131.3,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C130.8,1.2,131.3,1.7,131.3,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g></g></svg></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 15px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(107, 107, 107);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">【北京规划建设】是由与《北京规划建设》杂志联合推出的栏目，这里有新认知与旧经验的碰撞，新媒体与传统媒体的聚合。《北京规划建设》创刊于1987年，迄今已有31年的办刊历史。期刊强调深邃的思想性、厚重的理论性、丰富的实践性及敏锐的新闻性。【北京规划建设】系列既有严谨洗练的学术论文，也有轻松活泼的随笔。你走，我不送你；你来，无论多大风雨，我都等你。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 303.3 4.6" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M189.5,1.8c-1.4,0-2.7,0-4.1-0.3c-0.6-0.1-1.2-0.2-1.7-0.5c-0.3-0.1-1.5-1.3-1.3-0.4    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62, 62);border-top-left-radius: 8px;overflow: hidden;border-right: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);border-top-right-radius: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">作者自序</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px 0px 8px 8px;border-style: none;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(200, 230, 201);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eOibTLm0DGAQrLBjiaodaelRdbYKm9ORa9Lf7BY6bARV0aGoesgc2puj1icP6v6xXbRXYrsBHnJyp91A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">我本是研究中西哲学的学者，但在钻研抽象理念的同时，也投身参与中国的发展二十余年，入过农村关爱贫困学生，也在城市服务支持农民工子女的教育，亲身体验到中国由贫到富的艰巨过程，不断在中国实际处境中做哲学反思。期间反省中国城市高速发展的不少问题，关注如何保持城市的文化灵魂，遂一方面研读当代城市学的思路，一方面在古典文化中找寻过去的智慧，而且因住在西方二十多年，也到过四十多个国家考察，深明城市发展带来的危机，参考各地克服危机的经验，为此写了好些文章，包括探讨人文北京、人文上海、走出城市的精神荒园、建立后现代的义人城市、从城市的创造性破坏到创造性更新、走出枷锁的城市等。盼能抛砖引玉，引发各方反省。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">夜市是亚洲文化的一种特殊魅力，在我国内地、台湾和香港，夜市有各种便宜商品及地方美食，吸引着无数本地人与游客去游逛。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">中国过去的城市，有严密的坊里制，本来没有夜市。西汉长安城，其城市规划严谨: “室居栉比，门巷修直。<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>”《汉书》中记张敞曾令：“吏坐里闾，阅出者，污赭辄收捕之，一日捕得数百人。<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>”里应当是封闭的，只有通过里门才能进出，有管理的吏去“阅出者”，而进行抓捕。到唐代建坊市制，所谓“坊”是将城市划分成封闭的地理空间，居民分区居住，相对独立。唐代早期管理严格，市要在日落前完结“凡市以日午，击鼓三百声而众以会；日入前七刻，击钲三百声而众以散”<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>。如汉代一样，黄昏按时关闭坊门，晚上宵禁。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">但唐中期以后商业繁荣，晚唐打破坊市制限制，产生夜市，成为一种民间文化。《长安志》：崇仁坊“一街辐辏，遂倾两市，尽夜喧呼，灯火不绝”<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>。晚唐长安崇仁坊开始出现夜市，并逐渐发展到洛阳、开封、扬州等大城市，王建《夜看扬州市》诗：“夜市千灯照碧云，高楼红袖客纷纷，如今不似升平日，犹自笙歌彻晓闻。<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>”张籍《送南客》诗：“夜市连铜柱，巢居属象州。<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>”均可见夜市的盛况。郑熊《番禺杂记》：“海边时有鬼市。半夜而合，鸡鸣而散，人从之多得异物。<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">7</span>”原来到海边也有所谓鬼市，只在夜间有。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">宋代工商业更为繁荣，当时的开封夜市兴旺，原来隋唐运河开通，汴河漕运发达，汴州商业开始发达，“草市迎江货，津桥税海商”“水门向晚茶商闹，桥市通宵酒客行”<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">8</span>。由此可<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">见，那时已出现了通宵夜市。开封在北宋定为首都汴京，宋太祖干德三年(965年)四月，下诏“令京城夜漏，未及三鼓不得禁止行人”</span><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">9</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。出现了从五更营业到天亮的“鬼市”，如：“潘楼……东十字大街，曰从行裹角，茶坊每五更点灯博易，买卖衣服、图画、花环、领抹之类，至晓即散，谓之‘鬼市子’。</span><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">10</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">”可见开封已成为不夜城。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">靖康年间，金攻陷汴京，灭北宋，孟元老写笔记体散记文《东京梦华录》，完稿于南宋绍兴十七年（1147年），他自幼追随先人宦游京师，住在汴京城西的金梁桥西夹道之南，直到靖康之祸，一共住了23年。耳闻目染东京之繁盛，北宋亡后，避居南方，“避地江左，情绪牢落，渐人桑楡，暗想当年，节物风流，人情和美，但成怅恨在。<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">11</span>”在亡国之痛中追述北宋都城东京开封府城市风俗人情。其中有不少当年夜市的描述。孟元老记载：“灯宵月夕，雪<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">际花时……举目则青楼画阁，繡戸珠帘，雕车竞驻于天街，宝马争驰于御路，金翠耀目，罗绮飘香，新声巧笑于柳陌花衢，按管调弦于茶坊酒肆，八荒争凑，万国咸通，集四海之珍奇，皆归市易。会寰区之异味，悉在庖厨，花光满路，何限春游。箫皷喧空，几家夜宴，伎巧则惊人耳目，侈奢则长人精神。</span><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">12</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">”</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">“夜市直至三更尽，纔五更又复开张。如要闹去处，通晓不绝。寻常四梢远静去处。<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">13</span>”那时夜市甚多，有“店铺夜市不可细数”之说。至于其买卖的食物，《东京梦华录》记载：“出朱<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">雀门，直至龙津桥。自州桥南去，当街，水饭、爊肉，干脯；王楼前，獾儿、野狐、肉脯、鸡；梅家、鹿家，鹅、鸭、鸡、兔、肚肺、鳝鱼包子、鸡皮、腰肾、鸡碎，每个不过十五文。曹家从食。至朱雀门，旋煎羊、白肠、鲊脯……直至龙津桥须脑子肉止，谓之杂嚼，直至三更。</span><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">14</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">”可见现代夜市也正是承接这些便宜小食传统。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">北宋苏东坡就曾写诗句“龙津观夜市，灯火亦煌煌……不知京国喧，谓是江湖乡”<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">15</span>，龙津是汴京一桥的名字，而这句也的确是描写汴京夜市，表达出开封夜市的灯火辉煌与喧哗。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">金灭北宋后，宋室与中原人口南迁，南宋首都临安人口多达百万，大街小巷店铺林立，早市、夜市“买卖昼夜不绝”。还有各种小贩、货郎叫卖，非常热闹。据南宋学者吴自牧《梦粱录》<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">记载，“杭城大街，买卖昼夜不绝，夜交三四鼓，游人始稀；五鼓钟鸣，卖早市者又开店矣……冬月虽大雨雪，亦有夜市盘卖。至三更后，方有提瓶卖茶。冬闲，担架子卖茶，馓子、慈茶始过。盖都人公私营干，深夜方归故也。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">16</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">”“大街关扑”有各种食物，以及“细画绢扇”。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">到元宵节更为热闹：“十五夜，帅臣出街弹压，遇舞队照例特犒。街坊买卖之人，并行支钱散给。此岁岁州府科额支行，庶几体朝廷与民同乐之意……府第中有家乐儿童，亦各动笙簧琴瑟，清音嘹亮，最可人听，拦街嬉耍，竟夕不眠。更兼家家灯火，处处管弦，如清河坊蒋检阅家，奇茶异汤，随索随应，点月色大泡灯，光辉满屋，过者莫不驻足而观。及新开门里牛羊司前，有内侍蒋苑使家，虽曰小小宅院，然装点亭台，悬挂玉栅，异巧华灯，珠帘低下，笙歌并作，游人玩赏，不忍舍去。诸酒库亦点灯球，喧天鼓吹，设法大赏，妓女群坐喧哗，勾引风流子弟买笑追欢。诸营班院于法不得与夜游，各以竹竿出灯球于半空，远睹若飞星。又有深坊小巷，绣额珠帘，巧制新装，竞夸华丽。公子王孙，五陵年少，更以纱笼喝道，将带佳人美女，遍地游赏。人都道玉漏频催，金鸡屡唱，兴犹未已。甚至饮酒醺醺，倩人扶着，堕翠遗簪，难以枚举。至十六夜收灯，舞队方散。<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">17</span>”</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">清明节又有一番热闹：“此日又有龙舟可观，都人不论贫富，倾城而出，笙歌鼎沸，鼓吹喧天，虽东京金明池未必如此之佳。酒贪欢，不觉日晚。红霞映水，月挂柳梢，歌韵清圆，乐声嘹亮，此时尚犹未绝。男跨雕鞍，女乘花轿，次第入城。<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">18</span>”中秋节时亦非常繁荣：“此夜天街卖买，直到五鼓，玩月游人，婆娑于市，至晚不绝。盖金吾不禁故也。<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">19</span>”</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">唐宋夜市，是中国城市里坊制的重要转型，汉代与唐前期之里坊，其格局如白居易诗所言:“百千家似围棋局，十二街如种菜畦。<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">20</span>”诸坊“棋布栉比，街衢绳直，自古帝京未之有也”<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">21</span>。城市都是四方井型，有墙包围，且晚上宵禁，坊门紧闭，人人不得出大街之上。如李合群所言：“这种严格的里坊制度以强化城市管理、防范盗贼为目的，却给市民生活、生产及人际交往带来了诸多不便，于是，随着城市商品经济的发展，唐代中期以后，长安城内侵街建房、坊内开店、开设夜市等破坏里坊制的行为不断出现。<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">22</span>”</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">夜市的出现，是在唐中期，有各种侵街、毁墙及不理夜禁的情况出现，随着经济发展及人口增多，这种严格管制的秩序无法执行，各种民办商业活动，在空间上延伸到不同的坊内，或在一些地点集中，时间上则延伸到晚上，终至夜市出现。宋代夜市已成，人人晚上再无限隔，自由流动，城市格局渐转变，为中国城市由王权操控的封闭型，转向庶民流动开放型的过程。夜市的繁荣代表了庶民自由流动的空间，渐产生了一种公众空间，公众空间的出现成为走向现代化的开始。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">明以后城市的夜市也发展到古代社会的鼎盛阶段，因明代经济繁荣，对于商贾包容，平民若不走知识分子当官之路的，很多竞相从商，商业力量扩大，让明代的城市夜市更繁荣，成为大众化的夜市。普通市民的生活也逐渐奢靡，夜市除了买卖，也成为享乐的场所。明亡于清之后，清代康熙年间，天下大定，夜市也得到恢复，是明代夜市的继续，城市商业的繁荣与城市经济机能增强，清代发展更繁荣的城市经济。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">然而清代北京有宵禁，防止盗贼隐藏在大街小巷之内，在北京很多街巷道口，设立了木栅栏。夜市也一时停止了，北京黄昏来临，鼓楼7点后敲定更次，九门提督衙门派巡更人出来巡街，日间繁华的市如“珠宝市”“大栅栏”(前门外路西廊房四条)，在这时候关闭了栅栏，由“商团”自己请的园丁巡更，把守栅栏。至民国时期，1924年9月，九门提督衙门巡更才取消，1935年，珠宝市、大栅栏的关闭栅栏、巡更等宵禁活动也逐渐取消。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">但夜市仍是出现，就是清末国势衰弱，管理松散，人民又在深夜时做买卖，前门大街已有夜市。北京也在一些地方出现鬼市，是买卖旧物之所在，一般名为“小市”。如东晓市于清代时在崇文门外药王庙逶西，半壁街南东，先以售卖沽衣为主，后也卖各珍奇物品，因皇室贵族的纨绔子弟，会将家藏古玩珍宝偷出换钱，更有假货蒙人。东晓市既是个旧货销售市场，又是各种行贩搜购原材料或商品的货源集散地。这就构成了“鬼市”的特点。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">崇文门是一经济繁荣区，首都师范大学历史教授郄志群指出:“在崇南经济带上各种商贸形式并存，有早市、夜市、灯市、庙会，成为坐商与行商的重要补充。清北京地方官府将崇外大街化为早市，崇外药王庙为果子市，崇文门、正阳门大街、珠市口三处夜市均按官府规定开市贸易。<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">23</span>”</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 40px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/icKFe0wqE4eOibTLm0DGAQrLBjiaodaelRdCicHZJBblzK8LbpTRLsklXWgavUMoMuKrMGkBO7YhxflTX23mSuRSOw/640?wx_fmt=gif");box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: -30px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 32px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 90%;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eOibTLm0DGAQrLBjiaodaelRdl18qJqYcRIdYQ3AeBvmmmzib7eVdv7s6Yappx6HonpUB2LRWJ28MFYw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(234, 173, 0);padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;font-size: 21px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">现代的夜市</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">现代城市建立以后，早期城市人口集中，在城市中心区旁边，黄昏开始各种小贩摆卖，渐成夜市，随着新城市建立，人口移向外围，旧城区集中了劳动阶层和移居的民工，旧城中的夜市占据了市中心附近一些历史性的道路，成为民工赚钱养家，以及购买便宜货品与饮食的地区。但因旧区的历史性及夜市的民间特式，夜市又成为游客晚上游逛之处而兴旺起来。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">夜市是一个特有的民间文化公众空间。由于夜市原本是自由流动的聚合，不属原初之规划，在现代大都会各种永久性的规划中，具有流动与暂时的松动性，终使政府规划了夜市，其摊档仍是在不断改变之中，这种临时与散漫自在性，反而成为城市中特有的魅力，不论本地人或游客，都爱来感受在挤迫中那份悠闲自由。人们在夜市感受的是“自由”“释放”，或暂时脱离平日工作的劳累，且与同来逛夜市的大众产生一种融合的感觉，因而顾客们也不在意于拥挤、闷热的夜市中，与陌生人共享桌子，在各种看似随意摆放的矮桌、矮椅中吃不同小食，象征人与人的亲密性。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 40px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px;background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/icKFe0wqE4eOibTLm0DGAQrLBjiaodaelRdCicHZJBblzK8LbpTRLsklXWgavUMoMuKrMGkBO7YhxflTX23mSuRSOw/640?wx_fmt=gif");box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: -30px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 32px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 90%;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eOibTLm0DGAQrLBjiaodaelRdl18qJqYcRIdYQ3AeBvmmmzib7eVdv7s6Yappx6HonpUB2LRWJ28MFYw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(234, 173, 0);padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;font-size: 21px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">后期现代的临时城市主义</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">从理论来说，夜市可说是巴门(Zygmunt Bauman) 等一批学者所谓的临时城市主义(Temporary Urbanism) 。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">巴门(Zygmunt Bauman ) 主张如今是后期现代(late modernity)的年代，他称为“液态的现代性”(liquid modernity) , 其特性是个体感到不确定感(uncertainty) 及“内在私有化的矛盾感”(the privatization of ambivalence)，就像液态流动不定，人的角色与社会地位常变化，生活不安定，他描述之为由固态到液态，后期现代化的混乱使人游移不定<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">24</span>。固态的现代性是相信控制与秩序，人在这时期一切都有固定规则，一切都安定，而变化只是短期的，但后期现代性时代来临，社会形式瓦解，一切迅速变化，变化已成人生的常态<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">25</span>。在液态化的无常中，城市也可有很多随时调动的变化，而适应这形态。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">这就开始临时城市主义的探讨，彼得卑斯撒(Peter Bishop)及兰斯利威廉斯(Lesley Williams) 写《临时城市》( The Temporary City)<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">26</span> 一书，特别提出在当今的城市，须有很多临时设计，他们认为：“临时城市是由个体设计的空间，……通过临时的活动，可容许个体在这企业控制的非人化世界中有空间……在21世纪，临时性活动可以给予我们自由创作性、流动流畅性及灵活性，由此也可抵制20世纪那种控制观点。<span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">27</span>”他们开始在一个城市空地中，流动地建起不同临时空间，做些小买卖、小艺术设计、小表演，甚至几个人看的小电影院等。与政府合作，使城市更方便及更有美感，成为一个更新城市的运动。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">有趣的是，西方这种后期现代的临时城市主义，与中国夜市的实践是如此接近，夜市是在王朝后期社会松散时，人们每晚自发临时占地做买卖，且具有高度的自由性和创作性，早上即散去，确是临时城市的特点。夜市在唐朝后期已由中国人民自发创造了，是中世纪至近代的中国临时城市，且在现代已成中国城市的特有性格和市民创作的一部分。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 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d="M144.5,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C144.1,1.2,144.5,1.7,144.5,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M140.1,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C139.7,1.2,140.1,1.7,140.1,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M135.7,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1s-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1S135.7,1.7,135.7,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M131.3,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C130.8,1.2,131.3,1.7,131.3,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g></g></svg></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">注释</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">1 何清谷：《三辅黄图校释》，中华书局2005年版，第106页。</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">2《汉书》，卷七十六，张敞传。</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">3《唐六典》，卷二十，两京诸市署</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">4《长安志》卷八：崇仁坊</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">5《全唐诗》：卷301，72</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">6 《全唐诗》：卷384_33</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">7 郑熊《番禺杂记》，杨伟群校点本，《南越五主传及其他七种》(广州，广东人民出版社，1980)</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">8 (清)曹寅等编纂：《全唐诗》卷299《汴路即事》，及卷300《寄汴州令狐相公》。</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">9 (宋)李焘：《续资治通鉴长编》卷257.6。</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">10 孟元老·《东京梦华录译注》，王莹 译注上海: 上海三联书店，卷二“潘楼东街巷”条</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">11 同上，梦华录序</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">12 同上，梦华录序</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">13 同上，卷三，“马行街铺席”条</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">14 同上，卷二“州桥夜市”条</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">15 苏轼詞，《牛口见月》，龙津是汴京一桥的名字，而这句也的确是描写汴京夜市，只不过创作地点是在牛口。</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">16 吴自牧，《梦梁录》，夜市，卷十三https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A2%E7%B2%B1%E9%8C%84</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">17 吴自牧，《梦梁录》元宵 卷一 https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A2%E7%B2%B1%E9%8C%84</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">18 同上，清明节 卷二</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">19 同上，中秋 卷四</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">20 白居易，《登观音台望城》，(清)曹寅等编纂：《全唐诗》，中华书局1960年版，卷448，第5041页。</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">21 (宋)宋敏求：《长安志》卷7，中华书局1990年影印本。</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">22 李合群，论中国古代里坊制的崩溃——以唐长安与宋东京为例，《社会科学》2007年12期，133</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">23 郄志群·崇南商贾文化初探·2008-11-07 http://www.bjqx.org. cn/qxweb/n16809c814.aspx</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">24 Z. Bauman, Liquid Times: Living in an Age of Uncertainty.( Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.，2006) p. 1</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">25 Z. Bauman, Liquid Modernity ANSE-conference( Leiden, The Netherlands，2004) p.5</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">26 Peter Bishop, and Lesley Williams, The Temporary City. (New York: Routledge.2012)</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">27 同上 p.220</em></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 303.3 4.6" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" 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border-box;" d="M135.7,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1s-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1S135.7,1.7,135.7,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M131.3,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C130.8,1.2,131.3,1.7,131.3,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g></g></svg></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;">原文发表于《北京规划建设》杂志2018年第4期。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">获授权微信首发，如需转载请联系本号。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p>
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