国匠城工作台

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                        <section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; letter-spacing: 15px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="letter-spacing: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一<span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"></span><span style="line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);">览<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>众<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>山<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>小</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;">SustainableCity & Transportation</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding: 1em 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtYF9YM6gUkyyCP0ibMh4kStwt5FVo46veaib4QrxN4vc7Rv0sDCZyxnyg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg"); background-attachment: scroll; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); background-size: 101.066%; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(8, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">     编辑团队</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; border-color: rgb(8, 8, 8); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">   </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">   <span style="line-height: 1.6;"> 原文/ Feargus O’Sullivan、Anna Petrone </span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">    翻译/ 丛聪    文献/ 张丹云   校核/ 众山小  </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">    编辑/ 众山小   排版/ 肖阳</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 11px; box-sizing: border-box;"></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="group-empty" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 38.2%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; width: 70%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtQiaCUeawCZb1OyXmSqUe4SwMuhlpqT6cIUDZ3apic1QusnWpFAX8FTGg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1" data-w="149"  /></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 61.8%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: block; float: left; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">译者萌像&导读：</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: block; min-height: 4.5em !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">柏林和其他德国城市一样，采取一种以个人诚信为主、检票手段为辅的查票措施，人们进出地铁车站没有闸机，买不买票全靠自觉。不过2014年相对2013年逃票人数大幅上升，导致柏林展开了严打逃票的行动，不过与之相对应的是管理费用爆表了，社会成本也上去了。那么逃票到底是管还是不管，或者，要怎么管的同时，在人力、设施成本、社会影响中间找到平衡呢？值得我们思考。而则二讲的是巴西大学生看到了盲人使用公交的困难之处，于是他设计了一座视障人士使用的智能公交站，不但可以用语音和盲文向使用者提示各个线路的车辆到达信息，还可以告知司机和其他乘客有盲人将在本站上车。你的城市公交系统又是怎样，是否方便残疾人使用呢？他们为盲人提供了那些便利设施？欢迎与我们分享你身边的故事。</em></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 4px; font-size: 8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(8, 8, 8); width: 90%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px; height: 8px; margin-top: -4px; margin-right: -4px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"></section></section><section class="" style="text-align: right; margin-top: -1.5em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 2em; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">请</section></section><section class="" style="width: 2em; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">看</section></section><section class="" style="width: 2em; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">正</section></section><section class="" style="width: 2em; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">文</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; font-size: 21.6px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px auto 4px; width: 2.5em; text-align: right; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 0.3em; height: 0.3em; margin-right: 2px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"> </span><span style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; margin-left: 2px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"> </span> </section><section style="width: 2.5em; text-align: right; margin: auto; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; margin-right: 2px; line-height: 1.2em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; color: white; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></span><span style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; margin-left: 2px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"> </span> </section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.8em; font-size: 23px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">则一、抓或是不抓，柏林公交抓逃票的困惑</strong></section></section><section class="" style="margin: 5px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Feargus O’Sullivan   翻译/ 丛聪</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><br  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEteLI8BDMYBMfbGpX3EMWBNxaB6qX5VbHgiaCs940xpPpmTDRjXP5pYibA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.75" data-w=""  /><br  /></strong></em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、柏林地铁（图：Ingolf）</strong></em></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></em><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">柏林公交的老大们这周估计很郁闷。因为媒体在本周三（12月16日）披露了一组公交逃票数据，公交汽车、有轨电车和地铁的逃票人数都比上年明显增加。2013年全市抓到22.9万人次逃票，而2014年这一数字猛增到35.6万人次。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">当然公交管理部门对此的解释很有说服力：2013年查票工作确实不到位，在此之后就采取了更为严厉的检票措施。但是这个数据依然给管理部门敲响了警钟，同时也引发了广泛的讨论：到底怎样才能让大家都去买票。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">解决这个问题并不容易。对于公交购票，柏林和其他德国城市一样，一直是采取一种以个人诚信为主，检票手段为辅的措施。地铁站没有出入闸机，站台上也没有检票人员（因为在站台上不能算无票乘车）。而且在售票机上买张票慢得要死，让你忍不住就越过它直接跳上车去。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">当然，一旦你上车了，可能就会遇到突发检查。车门一关，不知道从哪里冒出来的检票人员就刷地一下亮出证件，伸手问你要票。如果你不幸正好没买票，在下一站列车开门时还有最后的机会冒险逃脱，逃不掉的话就得拿到一张60欧的罚单。不过这张罚单你也可以不理会，除非你在两年内连续三次逃票被抓，那样就必须上法庭了。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">柏林虽逃票人数较高，但诚信制度也减轻了不少管理成本</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">与柏林相比，伦敦票务系统的威慑性就强得多。在伦敦公交逃票可能招致超过1000英镑（1494美元）的罚款和一次犯罪记录，出庭也是免不了的。尽管严重到这种程度的逃票案例并不多，但是一旦被抓，免不了对本人带来相当大的负面影响和耻辱感，这样的故事在英国媒体上屡见不鲜。另一个威慑性的措施是无处不在的检票闸机（即使有时会暂时打开，或者很矮，容易跨过），它们无疑增加了逃票的难度。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">但是哪种制度才能降低逃票成本呢？这就很难说了。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">柏林逃票的情况也许比较严重，Tagesspiegel称达到总出行次数的3%-5%，但是其诚信制度也降低了管理成本。他们不用设检票闸机，只需要一个工作人员帮着在售票机上卖票，这个成本很容易从车站上的零食报刊收入里补回来。车上的检票人员也需要成本，但是他们循环抽检，所以人数不用很多，也可以非常分散。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">伦敦交通局（Transport for London, Tfl）虽然没有发布过类似的逃票人数统计数据，不过2009年有过一次相关的调查，6%的受访者表示在过去五年中曾经逃票。只是因为没有逃票次数记录无法估算票款损失。不过，柏林的逃票率同样也是6%（去年的统计数据），这说明光有检票闸机也许还是不够的。<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">柏林也开始对逃票加大了惩罚力度。2013年只有480人因逃票被起诉，2014年这个数字达到了33723人。但是这又让法庭和监狱很头痛，觉得这些人要把监狱塞满了。柏林的Pl?tzensee监狱目前有68人因逃票在押，因为他们都在交罚金和坐牢中选择了后者。尽管这类行为往往只是关押几天，但却大大增加了监狱的管理成本，这也是治理逃票的困难所在。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">柏林现在较为严厉的惩罚措施有可能会促使更多的人去买票。但是由此增加了多少社会成本，确实就很难估计了。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; font-size: 21.6px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px auto 4px; width: 2.5em; text-align: right; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 0.3em; height: 0.3em; margin-right: 2px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"> </span><span style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; margin-left: 2px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"> </span> </section><section style="width: 2.5em; text-align: right; margin: auto; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; margin-right: 2px; line-height: 1.2em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; color: white; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</section></span><span style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; margin-left: 2px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"> </span> </section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.8em; font-size: 23px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">则二、里约热内卢开发便于盲人使用的公交站</strong></section></section><section class="" style="margin: 5px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Anna Petrone     翻译/ 丛聪</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEthlrTiczUzsakWeqrxtTb8YfUf9CjejbfT8cRFoM27xQVGSTVBkYtLlQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6061151079136691" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、视障人士智能公交站（图：Projeto ViiBus）</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">Campinas大学的Douglas Toledo在他电子工程课的期末作业中设计了一座方便盲人使用的公交站台。它可以帮助盲人更加自主地乘坐公交车，并与公交驾驶员和其他乘客交流沟通。这个叫做“Viibus”的系统随后成为了Cisco城市创新挑战赛的获奖作品，第一座以此为设计样本的公交站台将在里约热内卢Porto Maravilha 投入建设。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">Douglas Toledo每天乘坐公交车往返Itatiba和学校，经常遇到一位盲人老妇人在同一座车站等车。他由此注意到了盲人乘坐公交的不便，例如不知道车辆是否到达，是不是自己要坐的那班车，以及上下车时候的困难。他决心设计一个能够帮助有视力障碍的人乘车的智能系统。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这个系统被命名为Viibus （Visually Impaired Intelligent Bus Stop 视障人士智能公交站）。为了更好地理解视障人士的需求，Douglas专门联系了隶属于Pontifícia 天主教大学（PUC）的关注残疾人跨学科研究中心（Interdisciplinary Center for Awareness of People with Disabilities），并与该中心的两位视障成员 Leonardo Campos and Adair Silva进行了交流。他在设计的系统中将站台，乘客和车辆进行了整合，在车辆到达时站台会向乘客发出通知，同时告知司机有视障人士在该站上车。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtYicmmHIItVKNAuWUtzBknpaQeDyd9tU8SkqiaDahjDGNNzVgSzgmiclcA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.75" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、设备测试（图：Projeto ViiBus）</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">Campos and Silva 随后对设备进行了测试。这个系统将在公交车站安装一个盲文的控制面板，供盲人选择公交线路，之后它将通过无线通讯监测该线路是否有车辆到达指定半径范围内，这个半径可以根据车辆行驶速度自动调整。当车辆到站时，使用者将收到语音提示，告知他们可以上车。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在这个过程中，系统会通过显示屏和视觉信号向车站内其他等车的乘客发出信息，告知他们有一位视障人士在此等车，这样是为了增强使用者与其他乘客的互动交流。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">该设备以常用的手机频率发送和接受无线讯号，与现有公交车的车载设备兼容。Douglas 没有使用互联网的传输方式，因为他认为网络覆盖范围有限，会对设备的使用地点造成限制，但是他也表示不排除今后把设备接入互联网的可能。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这个系统从一开始的课程作业，变成了Cisco城市创新挑战赛的五个获奖作品之一。这项比赛的目的在于为里约热内卢奥运会的主要举办地Porto Maravilha 寻找城市创新改建的方案。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这个系统若要实施，最大的挑战是生产和安装它的控制面板，Douglas目前正在积极寻找具备相应技术的投资方，以期将设备推广至Porto Maravilha 之外的更多地方。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">他希望在设计样本投入完成之后，与Curitiba, Campinas和Sorocaba等城市联系。“我想让这些城市都鼓励公交公司采用Viisbus。毕竟现在没有任何一条法律说公交站应该便于盲人和视障人群使用，所以我需要用更多的东西说服他们。”</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEt0kVSf4o3F54R6hmO2MmqoGXraY7rTDCe5S4xGw784x9377cnCDMh2g/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.381294964028777" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、控制面板及通讯设备示意（图：Projeto ViiBus）</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">里约热内卢的原型站即将开工建设并预计在2016年3月完工。Douglas在11月15日来到里约热内卢，准备用之后几个月的时间筹集资金，研究需要输入原型站系统的公交信息。另一个在Cicso竞赛上获奖的项目Livrit目前表示愿意与Viibus合作，他们主要开发标示有便利设施的、可供盲人使用的地图。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">巴西的残疾人士中大多数是盲人，占到巴西总人口18.6%。在另一篇相关文章中，Camila Montagner认为公交应当更便于盲人使用，至少可以从优化地铁地图做起。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">视频一、为视障人士设计的公交车站（葡萄牙语）</strong><span style="line-height: 1.6;"> </span><iframe class="video_iframe" height="375" width="500" frameborder="0" src="https://v.qq.com/iframe/preview.html?vid=q0188qf660s&width=500&height=375&auto=0" allowfullscreen="" style=" line-height: 1.6;  z-index: 1; "></iframe></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">你的城市公交系统又是怎样，是否方便残疾人使用呢？他们为盲人提供了那些便利设施？欢迎与我们分享你身边的故事。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia8eLBxvdRq9nbEoyLib4UbEtiaoQZ9Zt6RDEtDQSODeyOmZKvJhZ1SxRiaK59MkbtwNwtwNz1wQtQwZw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.7805755395683454" data-w=""  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(11, 131, 171); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">购买年刊，请点击阅读原文......</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; 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