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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><blockquote><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 95%;box-sizing: border-box;">本文授权转自UPDIS共同城市（ID： UPDISCC），欢迎关注~！</section></blockquote></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 95%;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOYTM70zFI6nGic3bq3WhVH39bs2d3t4gf9ayibwBISkfJoxPexdKNljrT8KfTJYPQVD1s1n0rU6MpmQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(178, 185, 192) 1px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 25px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 25px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: 4px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(250, 233, 153);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">引言</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 60px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在“美丽乡村”建设、“乡村振兴”战略等制度背景下，全国开展了新一轮次针对乡村实体空间的营建。在建设过程中，承载乡村日常活动、体现乡村文化传统的实体空间——乡村公共空间，却成为乡村建设的“配角”，呈现出配置均质、使用低效等特点。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">本文以广东省清远市连州瑶安乡田心村文化广场为例，从人口结构、经济制度、文化断层、休闲空间私有化等方面，剖析以乡村文化广场为代表的乡村公共空间使用低效问题，并针对使用群体需求，提出满足人群多元化、设计在地化、空间人性化、功能复合化四个方面的空间规划设计策略，寻求乡村公共空间的激活与再生。  </p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村公共空间是乡村民众在经历长期聚居后形成的，以日常交往、政治团结、经济互助、文化传递等活动为主的，承载着乡村生活的物质空间载体。其塑造了乡村民众的物质生活和精神世界，影响着乡村社会道德价值和秩序体系，同时也反映了独有的地方特色和文化意识。<strong><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);">注重乡村公共空间营建，对于美丽乡村建设及乡村振兴战略，具有重要的意义</span></strong>。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在政府的大力扶持下，全国各地区乡村开展了新一轮次的实体空间营建。在建设过程中，发展乡村经济、改造“空心村”、优化乡村道路系统、农房整治等问题受到大众的普遍关注，而作为乡村精神文化传播的实体空间、承载村民日常活动的物质空间载体——乡村公共空间，却成为了乡村建设的“配角”。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZaB46azlQvHj2nBjrU61FLAa3fKvAL0X2cLyibO32NakgibHCZ7P23oVNTPYd7iclbmZu6YGBV1VUUA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></p><p style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">乡村公共空间似乎成了乡村建设的“配角”</span></p><p style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;">（图片来源：https://www.pexels.com/</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;">）</span></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">现如今，受网络媒体强势植入的影响，乡村不再是封闭、滞后的。经济体制、人口结构、生产生活方式等诸多因素的变化，导致了乡村公共空间闲置、活动人群减少、配备齐全的活动设施无人问津；公共空间被私人空间取代，活动类型单一且趋同化；乡村公共空间尺度“物化”，如粮食、杂物及汽车等都可以在公共空间体系中占得一席之地；逢年过节、红白喜事及重大事件逐渐无人组织，乡村公共空间的核心属性——公共性逐渐消失。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(250, 233, 153);color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;margin-bottom: 4px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一、乡村公共空间利用低效的原因</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">较城市发展来看，乡村发展存在着滞后、缓慢的问题。现今，乡村开始依靠自身谋求发展机会，逐步由封闭、静止走向开放。但原传承乡村精神文化的公共空间在现实诸多因素的影响下，出现了空间利用低效、活动组织困难、公共生活匮乏、文化传统断层等诸多问题。其原因包括以下四个方面：</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">1.1 人口结构变化造成空间使用群体单一</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">传统的乡村以家庭为单位进行农业生产，从劳动生产、养殖家禽到农产品存放等，形成了完整的生产生活链条。随着经济制度的不断革新，乡村与城市无论是经济收入还是人口结构差距逐渐拉大，乡村大量的青壮年为谋求个人发展机会及家庭经济利益外出务工，逐渐脱离乡村。留守乡村地区的大部分为老、幼、妇、残，他们开始成为乡村公共空间的使用主体。<strong><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);">而乡村公共空间的建设现状对于这类主体使用者的需求未经推敲，空间的适用性不足，</span></strong>导致乡村公共空间使用率低效，缺乏公共活力。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZaB46azlQvHj2nBjrU61FLV3Dgb9nYkkxM3yI0E5YTemBk1BgWt0IU0LZcZV23CXNUST84pf1KRg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">人口结构变化导致空间使用群体单一</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;">（图片来源：https://www.pexels.com/</span><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;">）</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">1.2 文化传统断层导致场所精神丧失</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村不断被网络、媒体等“现代性”因素渗透，原自发形成具有独特地域文化、民族氛围的公共空间受到冲击，逐渐被现代化面貌的新式公共空间所取代。在新农村规划过程中，盲目模仿、照搬城市建设模式，与周围环境缺乏联系，“雷同式”的新型乡村分布广泛。乡村原生公共空间的文化符号消失、文化主题活动减少、文化格局被打破，而这些缺乏乡土特色和文化习俗的新式公共空间成为乡村中生硬的“摆设”，很难满足乡村使用者的传统文化行为，空间功能与形式契合度较低，造成乡村传统文化断层、场所精神丧失，承载村民乡土记忆的载体危机四伏。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">1.3 生活方式变化影响空间使用效率</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">“互联网+”的普及，使村民的生活理念与生活方式受到很大影响，农业生产不再是他们的主要生存手段和生活重心。电视、电话及网络媒体渗透到每个村民的日常生活中：一方面，便捷的网络打开了乡村的视野，使原本闭塞的乡村社会逐渐开放，与城市社会接轨。村民的公共生活也通过网络向外扩展和延伸，获取更多的信息；另一方面，电脑、电视、网络等娱乐活动占据了村民的大部分休闲时间，传统的交流交往方式逐渐被取代，乡村极具特色的传统公共生活慢慢地被人们遗忘。尽管村中的公共空间内配备了完善的娱乐、运动设施，但以使用现状来看，已不再符合村民对于现代日常生活的需求。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">1.4 公共生活匮乏导致公共空间衰败</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村公共空间是承载乡村公共生活的物质载体。近年来，随着国家政策的扶持，以及外界联系的逐渐强化，村民素质大幅度提高的同时，对老人活动、幼儿教育、文化传播、卫生医疗等公共空间功能有了较大的需求。一方面，在不断扩大的城乡公共服务体制的情况下，乡村无法满足使用者公共生活需求，大部分的村民继续涌入大城市；另一方面，乡村公共生活的参与主体仅剩老、幼、妇、残，从乡村公共生活来说，他们都是“边缘人物”，无法对乡村公共事务投入过多精力、时间和金钱。进而，使得乡村公共事务无群众关注、无群众可组织，乡村难以形成和组织公共生活，进一步加速了公共空间的衰败。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(250, 233, 153);color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;margin-bottom: 4px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二、乡村低效公共空间再生策略</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村公共空间使用的核心是乡村活动主体——村民，换句话说，若是活动主体数量足够多、活动类型足够多样、活动次数足够频繁、活动质量足够高，乡村公共空间的生命力必然可以被激活。营建一个有生命力的乡村公共空间，有必要提出行之有效的再生设计策略。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">2.1 人群定制化</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">现如今，我国乡村人口构成具有典型的老龄化社群特征。留守老人和妇女儿童为乡村公共空间的主体使用者，闲暇时间较多、作息时间规律、心理素质较弱、需要沟通和慰藉等是他们的共同特点。为营建满足主体使用者需求的公共活动空间，有必要转变规划设计思维，采用“开门规划”的方式，让村民全程参与规划编制。<strong><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);">尊重村民意愿，保障村民利益，深入探究乡村公共空间主体使用者的日常行为</span></strong>，从而提出有针对性的设计策略与方法。例如：建立老年活动中心，让留守老人有一个公共活动的场所，增加老年人的相互交往、交流，从而进一步激发公共空间的活力。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">2.2 设计在地化</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">设计在地化是指人们对于规划基底的尊重，它对于延续地域文化传统及制定因地制宜的规划方法具有极大的指导意义。在地化的设计更注重生活方式和空间感受的“当地化”。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">我国地域广阔，数以百万计的乡村存在地域、文化、规模、经济结构和发展阶段的诸多差异。但现今流行文化的快速渗透使地域文化极易被忽视，而优秀乡村规划的前提就是挖掘乡村独具特色的文化魅力与自然景观，以此唤醒乡土记忆，重建村民的“乡愁”。概括来说，就是在规划过程中，<strong><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);">将自然环境、乡村社会网络、空间功能、整体风貌进行整合与优化</span></strong>，使乡村公共空间作为乡村文化展示的窗口，承担起乡村文化传承和激活的责任，重塑地域性的文化认同。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">2.3 空间人性化</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">空间人性化在乡村整体层面来说，就是选取距离大部分使用者居住地最近且可达性最高的场所，建立乡村邻里活动空间；对于乡村公共空间层面来说，就是空间内部设施的尺度宜人性。<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">尺度是空间、界面与人之间的比例关系，比例适当的公共空间更能吸引人，并给人留下不同的空间记忆。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">乡村公共空间的活动主体是人，</span><strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(48, 72, 128);">应以人作为尺度的度量</span></strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">，然而现状乡村的公共空间尺度往往被“汽车化”。此外，日常生活的场所需要舒适宜人的尺度和比例，因此在乡村公共空间中村庄的交通可达性，以及设施的尺度宜人性都是规划关注的重点与细节。例如：在健身活动场地附近设置休息座椅、便利店等；针对留守儿童和照顾孩子的老人，在儿童游戏区外围设置老人休息区和适合老人活动的运动器材等。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">2.4 功能复合化</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">公共空间的主体功能引导着空间的使用主体，其他使用者则是被空间中的其他功能吸引。为满足多元化的现代公共生活，<strong><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);">多功能的混合空间应被考虑</span></strong>。现状的乡村公共空间，仅能满足使用人群的低等级需求，而随着村民素质的提高、对于生活品质需求的不断升级，除了一些关联性需求（市政配套设施）以外，文化传播、老人活动、幼儿教育、卫生医疗等功能方面也有了较大的需求，这就需要公共空间功能叠合度的增强。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">例如在乡村核心公共空间综合使用主体需求，集中设置老人活动中心、儿童游乐区、卫生室、阅览室、公共卫生间、快递收发点等场所，策划多类型活动，使空间满足集会、交流、休闲、娱乐、学习等多功能使用要求，增加使用频率，强化公共空间的“公共性”。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(250, 233, 153);color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;margin-bottom: 4px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三、乡村公共空间活力再生策略探讨（以田心村文化广场为例）</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">3.1 田心村文化广场概况</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZaB46azlQvHj2nBjrU61FL3vnemy6YFHpicib2sD47TFc8pcmKUwFhib7NYVmGJsOMbIpqBfvnq02bA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></p><p style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">田心村村域范围示意图</span></p><p style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(165, 165, 165);">（图片来源：</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">作者绘制</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(165, 165, 165);">）</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">田心村处于湘粤交界的天光山区，村域面积26.33平方公里，下辖田心、板寮、桐木冲、蚊子冲四个自然村。其文化积淀丰富，起源于历史上为躲避战乱而来的湖南民众，是生活在半山腰的过山瑶族。村民家庭主要收入来源为：竹子砍伐与销售、青壮年外出务工。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/6sgdpe0MkOZaB46azlQvHj2nBjrU61FLpBjnvzLS3g6h08RicytfvMAqKjZBO5vlLWNJm0E8XRmw5zgFlFpOazg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">田心村文化广场现状</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(165, 165, 165);">（图片来源：</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">作者拍摄</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(165, 165, 165);">）</span></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">本次研究核心为自然村田心村内文化广场，是“美丽乡村”重点室外规划空间。南邻田心村村委会，占地约400平方米，呈长条状，处于背山面水的自然格局中。现状功能混杂，空间利用低效，空间活动消极。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(234, 235, 237);box-sizing: border-box;">3.2 田心村文化广场活力再生策略</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">（1）多类型人群定制化空间</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">截至2017年11月，田心村共138户，550人。 65岁以上的老人占全村总人口的16%，现状没有统一的养老设施，也未发现有老人大规模聚集活动的区域。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/6sgdpe0MkOZaB46azlQvHj2nBjrU61FL7QwddxAuGV2ibX64lhDXyOiablQMk8SkF4UIiaiaVec5CccklgX20OE3yQ/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></p><p style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">田心村年龄结构</span></p><p style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;">（图表来源：</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">作者绘制</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;">）</span></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">经调研访谈，田心村老人的活动类型主要分为运动型和休憩型两种。其中，运动型行为包括劳作、晨练、照顾小孩、遛弯儿等；休憩型行为包括看电视、静坐、聊天、打牌等。针对老人运动型行为需求，在田心村文化广场北侧，沿河营建人车分流的乡村慢行系统，在排除了安全隐患的前提下，为老人提供运动活动的空间；针对老年人的休憩型行为特征，在步行系统沿线设置木质栈道、座椅、景观亭、亲水平台等停留空间，给老人<span style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;text-align: justify;">提供</span>照顾孩子、讲述自身经历的场所，增强其归属感。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/6sgdpe0MkOZaB46azlQvHj2nBjrU61FLDj6zjRYnQfSSEPu6Pnezt3ADMzWB0fdv7icdiaVyiaTwNx6oBM12cweHg/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></p><p style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">田心村人口外出率</span></p><p style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;">（图表来源：</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">作者绘制</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 14px;">）</span></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">田心村14岁以下儿童90人，占全村总人口的16.4%。由于学龄儿童数量不断减少，原田心村唯一的一所小学，撤并至20公里外的瑶安乡（洛阳村）。现状调研未发现儿童活动场所和活动设施。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/6sgdpe0MkOZaB46azlQvHj2nBjrU61FLp0fgZ4ibicicduTDEWBD8z3fRy726KM0MpuSqUMUwhqILNhT59ftQ836w/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></p><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">田心村劳动人数占比</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;">（图表来源：</span><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">作者绘制</span></span><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;">）</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">由于在外求学，田心村儿童的活动时间集中于周末、寒暑假及法定节假日，在规划过程<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中，以低成本、实用性为前提设置儿童设施，避免资源浪费；其次，在避免儿童脱离家长视线的情况下，应保证儿童活动的趣味性；最后，安全问题一直是儿童室外活动的核心，田心村现状安全隐患较多，道路狭窄、人车混行、水体和陡坎处缺乏防护措施和警示标志。规划可根据儿童行为特征结合限制性因素，营造多层次的儿童友好空间。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">例如：在田心村文化广场，紧邻乡村邻里活动中心布置规模为3m*3m的儿童游乐区，便于家长照看；在设施方面，遵循低成本原则，设置沙坑、草地等造价低且较为安全的游乐空间；在广场北侧等有安全隐患的地点安装护栏和警示牌。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">妇女是田心村的劳动主体，其一部分到瑶安乡（洛阳村）照顾上学的孩子，一部分留守家中务农。其活动行为以劳作、闲聊、照顾孩子为主，村中并未为其设置的活动空间。调研发现，除去农活，妇女与儿童、老人多结伴出现，所以在规划过程中，活动空间结合老人、儿童布置即可。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">（2）因地制宜，重塑自然景观与人文场所</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">田心村为瑶族山村，且88.8%的村域面积位于田心自然保护区内。在规划时，应结合气候、地形等自然环境和地域传统、生产生活方式等人文因素，在守住自然底线的前提下，展示田心村独有的地域特色。例如：调研访谈中，田心村民反映出对村庄水系治理美化的意愿。过山瑶族本就有逐水而居的传统，可联系周围农田、山体、植物与滨水公共空间统一规划。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZaB46azlQvHj2nBjrU61FLOJEXN76YBqGcrqYlNIiauPdYF4TLSjziatOFVo9seJ77K8BBudk0pic1Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">田心村文化广场水系景观意向</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 14px;">（图片来源：</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">网络</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 14px;">）</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">田心村的河段可分为三类：营造乡村公共空间的滨水活力段；以滨水景观步道为主的休闲观光段；结合亲水平台与亲水栈道布置，体验原生态环境为主的生态体验段。田心村文化广场北侧水系河段以策划亲水活动的滨水活力段为主，在不破坏原水系肌理流向的前提下，结合周围山体、地形、乡土植物分布等原生环境，利用景观平台设置、滨水景观步道规划、乡土植物花境营造等设计，形成自然景观与人文环境和谐共处的乡村公共空间。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">竹子是田心村的另一大景观特色，在公共空间的营建过程中，以竹子为原材料点缀公共空间，在减少建设成本的同时，空间的归属感与美感也显著提升。如利用竹子建造景观廊架、凉亭、步行系统两侧的座椅等，将原生要素运用到规划当中，营造属于田心村的完整的乡村风貌。<span style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;text-align: justify;">此外，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">田心村应尽可能选用乡土树种和花草，使村庄绿化与自然环境相融合，在规划中利用“一村一花”的方式结合空间布局对村庄风貌进行优化。野牡丹为田心村村花，在文化广场、村口等地组团式种植，形成层次丰富、色彩搭配合理的乡村景观。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">（3）人性设计，营造尺度宜人、安全便利的公共空间</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">田心村公共空间被侵占的现象主要是由部分村民为拓展自家院落或停车空间所导致的。规划中应以现代生活需求为标准，营造宜人的空间尺度，提高空间的安全性。田心村文化广场在规划后将集中设置村委会、公共服务站、卫生室、快递收发点、图书室，吸引人群参加乡村公共生活。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">文化广场在营建过程中，针对不同活动人群、不同活动内容，建立不同功能、不同尺度的空间。如儿童使用的沙坑和草坪分别使用面积10㎡，深度40-45cm，并在沙坑四周竖砌10cm的路缘，以防沙土流失或地面雨水灌入；在文化广场北侧设置防护栏，以瑶族长鼓舞为设计灵感，选用高度为80-120cm耐用耐腐蚀的护栏等，保障活动人群的安全。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">（4）功能复合，激活乡村公共生活</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">现状田心村文化广场三处公共服务设施集中布置，空间功能多样，但使用率低下。其中，村委会位于文化广场南侧中央；田心村公共服务站紧邻村委会西侧；卫生站位于村委会东侧，目前处于闲置状态。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZaB46azlQvHj2nBjrU61FLxhRnoUExdul75cWic1jvDotD6ncrI9y98fOzaxIxNR6Eq5xLUq07oKg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></p><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">田心村文化广场效果图</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 14px;">（图片来源：</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 15px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">作者绘制</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: justify;color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 14px;">）</span></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">田心村文化广场有条件成为村中功能复合且极具活力的乡村邻里活动中心，增加满足现代乡村生活功能的多元服务空间，扩充服务内容与品质。如村委会可结合“互联网＋”，为村民提供手机支付、快递收发（现状田心村的快递统一发至20公里以外的洛阳）、图书阅览、农资销售、票务代售等商业金融业务，由村干部或积极分子带头，调动村民的活动积极性。并以田心村文化广场为核心，完善功能复合且多样的公共服务空间，修复从前较为匮乏的乡村公共生活，为低效使用的公共空间策划丰富的活动，从而激活乡村活力。 </p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 8px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(250, 233, 153);color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;margin-bottom: 4px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村公共空间是体现乡村文化独特吸引力和魅力的重要节点。伴随着社会经济发展和村民生活水平提高，公共空间却在逐渐“衰败”，思考乡村公共空间的再生设计策略是有价值的，不失为乡村公共空间发展和完善的一种有意义的尝试。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村公共空间的低效利用是新农村建设过程中的普遍问题，造成该现象的原因也是多方面的，通过对以田心村文化广场为代表的低效利用的乡村公共空间进行研究，我们发现只有深入乡村，转变规划理念与规划方法，与村民协同规划，满足乡村使用群体的多元需求、重塑自然景观与人文场所、营建人性化尺度空间、建构复合化场所才能激活乡村，使乡村公共空间焕发出旺盛的生命力和魅力，为乡村的转型与发展、为村民的幸福生活奠定坚实的基础。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 16px;">注：</span><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0px;">本文基于贫困村乡村规划工作经验总结撰写，相关项目获奖情况：田心村荣获广东省2017年“美丽乡村.幸福蓝图”——“碧桂园杯”南粤村庄（整治）规划设计大赛一等奖。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 18px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;line-height: 28.8px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px;display: inline-block;width: 533px;border-width: 2px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);border-radius: 11px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 12px;padding-left: 12px;color: rgb(165, 165, 165);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">参考文献详见：</strong><span style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0px;"> </span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><span style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0px;">http://cn.mikecrm.com/4zKZiqJ</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.8;"></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /><span style="font-size: 16px;"></span></p><blockquote style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p><span style="font-size: 20px;"><strong>作者</strong></span></p></blockquote><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br  /></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0px;"><strong style="font-size: 18px;">骆梁笑</strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 16px;"><strong style="font-size: 18px;">，</strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 16px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><span style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 16px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">长安大</span><span style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 16px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">学</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">风景园林学硕士，现任职于深圳市城市规划设计研究院</span></span></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0px;"><strong style="font-size: 18px;">韩力<strong style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;">，</strong></strong></span><span style="font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0px;">长安大学<span style="color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 16px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">在读</span>博士</span></p><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><hr  /><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0px;">编辑、排版 / 陈程</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="line-height: 28.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 16px;"><span style="color: rgb(165, 165, 165);font-size: 16px;text-align: justify;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">插画 / 王彦妍</span></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 3px;padding-left: 3px;text-align: center;overflow: hidden;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 2.6em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotate(-45deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg);-moz-transform: rotate(-45deg);-o-transform: rotate(-45deg);margin-top: -1em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2em;height: 2em;margin: auto;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;border-left: 0.2em solid rgb(84, 84, 84);border-bottom: 0.2em solid rgb(84, 84, 84);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 100%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/6sgdpe0MkOZHg6I6sfLWeRL896McEEcI7Ad9O5grdWIRCCf75xuEpSibKnN6BhjCe1JxnJRx0EzEMHDDMbSKcCg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 502.358px;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 226, 224);border-radius: 5px;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TbfTDrSBmDOIic7apQoPHAh15cLWCHzSyu0QL7m4BJKqtoYkYic7JJ3rCYUtmmJ6XNj0IiaurTa12eDibKNFIGoRicg/640?wx_fmt=png");background-attachment: scroll;background-size: 107.589%;background-position: 233.929% 1.8202%;background-repeat: repeat;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 23.2727px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">来源：<span class="" style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="" style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="" style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="profile_nickname" style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;">UPDIS共同城市</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 23.2727px;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;">新媒体编辑：肖莉</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 17px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow: hidden !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(122, 68, 66);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></strong></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">声明：本文来源</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">：授权转自UPDIS共同城市<span style="max-width: 100%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">（ID：</span></span></strong>UPDISCC<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">）</span></span></strong></span><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">，版权归原作者所有，如需转载<strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);box-sizing: border-box 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center;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow: hidden !important;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjDohRkp8mJnD6GiaTyrnyBchb4PTExj078Vcib82mXicHItcAiaN6XwuBD5C5cR3GA3B7fMnKCRqBADw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 446.534px;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-right: 10px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;word-wrap: break-word !important;border-top: 6px solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 6px solid transparent !important;"></section><section class="" style="padding: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-radius: 8px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;word-wrap: break-word !important;">《规划师》杂志近期文章推荐</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: 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