国匠城工作台

当前：新闻编辑 | 格式化工具 | 查看本文

标题

分类

（编号：1116）

链接

作者

时间

政策

省

市

年

月

直播

主办：
协办：
时间：
会议室：
直播链接：

/h1

/h2

strong

/strong

<br />

<section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgYibxHQw6jBBa6WnOTiaBZKN7fbJ6tpyvFSVBn7kt98mE8Hle2fkFTFjCNwRa740Ov0knUYzZwkI8w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgYibxHQw6jBBa6WnOTiaBZKN7fbJ6tpyvFSVBn7kt98mE8Hle2fkFTFjCNwRa740Ov0knUYzZwkI8w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(254, 193, 192);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px 0px;clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者上海市规划编审中心技审室主任程蓉在《规划师》2018年第5期撰文，文章针对国内目前生活圈相关研究和实践的情况，提出需以更全面的视角来看待生活圈的规划建设，包括明确的<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">愿景目标、全要素的空间格局、以治理的方式来推动实施。文章结合上海15分钟社区生活圈的工作经验，重点总结了其在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">全要素的规划愿景、全过程的治理行动策略两方面的经验，并提出未来需从社区治理作为提升型公共服务的定位出发，审视</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和优化政府、社会组织与社区居民在社区治理中的作用与职责，进一步加大治理过程中自下而上的力量。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(42, 118, 162);float: right;margin-top: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]15分钟社区生活圈；全视角；空间治理；行动策略</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号]1006-0022(2018)05-0115-07　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号]TU984.12　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码]B</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[引文格式]程蓉．15分钟社区生活圈的空间治理对策[J]．规划师，2018(5)：115-121．</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/BbPwiczenBNHvLdcfPweOJXBfblQ6ibfLBlvibcnia3myl27yqI7B0VEFlmOgUm1QiaQFc3SNjxzSdBVsAakPx1dn4w/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">生活圈的既有研究和实践<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>国际案例借鉴<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生活圈的概念源起于亚洲国家和城市，其中最早<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的是日本在 1965 年的《第二次全国综合开发计划》</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中提出“广域生活圈”的概念，作为合理安排基础设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">施和公共服务设施、促进地区均衡发展的规划策略，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一直延续至今。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">总结日本和韩国等已有的实践，生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">圈的规划建设工作一般具有3个共同特征：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 生活圈的任务，是从居民行为规律出发，解<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">决其不同层面和不同频率的生活需求问题。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">韩国首尔的生活圈规划包括 5 个圈域 (50 万～</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">300 万人 ) 和 140 个地区 (5 万～ 10 万人 )。其中，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">圈域的重点任务在于解决地区均衡发展和职住平衡等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">宏观问题；地区的重点任务是生活环境改善等与社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生活紧密联系的问题</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。日本生活圈由定居圈、定住</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">圈、邻里和街坊４个层面组成，其中定住圈是指居民</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以家为中心，开展一日生活所需的通勤(上学)、购物、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">休闲与医疗等活动所形成的空间范围</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 生活圈的空间构建，是以服务设施为核心，<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同时需要各类空间要素充分支撑和协调</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的空间体系。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以日本熊本市为例，中心商业区、<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地域网点、生活网点是对应定居圈、定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">住圈和邻里圈的服务中心，也是各层级</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生活圈空间体系的核心要素。为便于各</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">层级中心的快捷联系，同时形成各生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">圈内部舒适的空间环境，在空间模式上</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综合考虑了产业、娱乐、绿化与交通的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因素，尤其是交通方面，分别从铁路、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">轨交、公交、自行车与步行等层次为生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活圈建立了一个框架网络</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(图1)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 生活圈的规划建设，是以人为<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本开展社区空间的治理过程，强调自下</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而上的实施机制和广泛的公众参与。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综上所述，在生活圈的规划建设工</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作中，应具有全视角意识，包括需有明</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">确的愿景目标，需搭建全要素的空间格</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">局，需以治理的方式来推动实施。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgoUfImVWlz7icFmmLzRbJRFMyynX3gmZvpTobJbtbpClGwIOt9wcfTeegOxKV2GHeUBrJ3NydWBqA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>国内生活圈的研究和实践情况<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国于20世纪90年代初引进“生<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活圈”概念，并开展了相关的研究与规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划实践。近年来，北京、上海、杭州与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成都等城市相继将打造 15 分钟社区生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活圈作为城市社区规划建设工作的重要</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目标。通过对这些案例进行总结，可以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">看到目前国内的相关研究实践主要聚焦</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在三方面：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)生活圈的层次构建。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">柴彦威以兰州为例，研究单位制度<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对城市生活空间组织的影响，提出以单</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">位构成基础生活圈、以同质化的若干单</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">位形成初级生活圈和以区为基础形成高</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">级生活圈的三级体系</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。海南省从满足</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国际旅游岛高端服务需求和城乡居民基</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本公共服务均等化这两个原则出发，提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出构建由 4 个都市生活圈(通勤时间在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.5 ～ 2.0 小时之内 ) 和 21 个基本生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">圈 ( 通勤时间在 30 ～ 40 分钟以内 ) 构</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成的空间体系。此外，袁家冬等人从城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市地理学的角度提出，日常生活圈是一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">种功能性的城市地域系统，可以我国行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政区的最小区划单位为基础进行统计，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主要围绕城市居民的各种日常活动 (如</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">居住、就业、购物、医疗和教育等 ) 所</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">涉及的空间范围而展开，包括基本生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">圈、基础生活圈和机会生活圈这三个圈</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">层</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)社区生活圈边界的划定。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">例如，北京城市象限科技有限公司<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以北京各小区为中心，在综合考虑小区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出入口位置、城市道路可达性等因素的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">前提下，划示出各小区居民实际步行15</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分钟可达的范围，作为特定小区生活圈</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的研究范围。孙道胜等人以北京清河地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区为案例，采用 GPS 数据和活动日志</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">数据，依照功能和可达性两个维度提出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区生活圈范围的测度方法</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 社区生活圈公共服务设施的配<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">置。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">例如，孙德芳<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">、张艺</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等人重点</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从生活圈的视角来解决公共服务设施的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">配置问题；杭州和成都的 15 分钟社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生活圈工作，也主要是围绕社区服务设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">施配置来开展的。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与上述的国际案例相比，国内生活<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">圈研究和实践仍较为薄弱，对于生活圈</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的空间规划，仍主要聚焦在公共服务设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">施配置方面，对于全方位地构建生活圈</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间目标愿景的研究和实践尚不够；在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">治理方面，虽然国内已经有部分社区规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划实践强调治理过程，但在以营造生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">圈为目标的社区治理的研究和实践工作</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">仍相对有限。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上海是国内较早明确提出“15 分<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">钟社区生活圈”概念的城市，相对而言，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其在关注社区生活圈各类空间要素，以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">及注重以社区治理的方式推进生活圈规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划建设两方面，更为全面地搭建了工作</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">思路和框架，以下本文以上海为重点，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">剖析全视角下的 15 分钟社区生活圈的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划建设对策。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上海15分钟社区生活圈规划建设</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">工作的基本情况</span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.上海生活圈的层级与内涵</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在 “上海 2035 总规”启动编制初<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">期，即提出以生活圈作为提升城市生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">品质、建设卓越全球城市的重要载体和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">手段。根据人的活动范围和需求，上海</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进一步明确了打造都市圈、城镇圈和15</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分钟社区生活圈3个层面的生活圈构想，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其中都市圈是人在区域内合理的通勤和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">商务活动范围；城镇圈是郊区空间组织</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和资源配置的基本单元；15分钟社区生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活圈是打造社区生活的基本单元</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，即</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在 15 分钟步行可达范围内，配备生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">所需的基本服务功能与公共活动空间，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">形成安全、友好、舒适的社会基本生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">平台。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上海在充分对标纽约、伦敦与东京<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等其他全球城市后，认为目前城市建设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">品质最突出的短板在于社区级的公共服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">务设施、小型公共空间与慢行交通网络</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等方面，因此将生活圈营造的重点聚焦</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在了15分钟社区生活圈。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上海 15 分钟社区生活圈规划</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设工作的总体特征</span></p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2016年，为了将目标概念具体化，<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">并在全市的规划编制中予以落实，上海</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">形成了《上海市 15 分钟社区生活圈规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划导则》(以下简称《导则》)。依据《导则》</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">所倡导的导向，各区自主发起开展了数</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">十项生活圈的规划建设工作，已经有一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">批服务设施、公共空间得以建成。从实</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">践情况看，这些规划建设工作具有统一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区发展愿景、关注社区空间全要素、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以治理的方式推进工作、以项目实施为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目的、重视存量空间潜力的挖掘等特征，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">15分钟社区生活圈的规划建设模式初步</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">形成，并且被各组织和参与主体普遍接</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">受与认可。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)全要素的规划愿景。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《导则》提出，15 分钟社区生活<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">圈以打造“创新、协调、绿色、开放、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共享”的生活方式为目标，从住宅、就业、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出行、服务和休闲等方面提出规划策略，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">并明确道路交通、公共服务设施与公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间等相应的规划指标和建设指引，作</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为 15 分钟社区生活圈规划建设工作的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基本导向。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)全过程的治理行动。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">将 15 分钟社区生活圈的规划建设<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">工作定位为动态、持续和全过程的社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间治理，依托多元力量推动社区向理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">想的生活圈目标前进，其中尤其重视全</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过程的公众参与。为推广社区空间治理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的意识，《导则》从主体、责任与环节</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等方面给出了具体的行动指引，作为建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">议的行动范式。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)以实施落地为导向。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区空间治理的目标在于见实效，<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">15 分钟社区生活圈强调规划项目的实</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">施，在工作环节中重视可操作性，包括</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资金筹措、方案设计与施工建设等，摆</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">脱传统社区规划作为蓝图“墙上挂挂”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的局面。体现在规划编制方面，重视现</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">状空间资源先行，基于现状可利用的建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">筑空间、消极开敞空间进行规划设计，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">并将已经梳理出来的空间资源列为优先</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实施的项目。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(4)针对存量用地的方法探索。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">治理强调的是人的参与，空间治理<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主要针对的是已经有居民入住的已建社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区。对于已建社区如何解决空间资源稀</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">缺与社区居民需求日益增加的矛盾，《导</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">则》分别从资源错时共享、附属资源向</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公共开放及低效用地重新利用等方面提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出建议。同时在方法上，各实践案例也</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">重视通过公众访谈和调研、大数据分析</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等方法，以获取比单纯的标准对比更精</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">准的需求短板。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以下基于上海的经验，进一步总结<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">提升为 15 分钟社区生活圈空间治理的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">普适性对策，以期可以作为国内其他城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市相关工作的参考。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/BbPwiczenBNHvLdcfPweOJXBfblQ6ibfLBlvibcnia3myl27yqI7B0VEFlmOgUm1QiaQFc3SNjxzSdBVsAakPx1dn4w/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二  </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">15分钟社区生活圈的空间治理<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对策</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>治理的基本原则<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在谈社区空间治理之前，有必要对<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“治理”一词的定义和基本原则进行界</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定与明确，以确保社区空间治理的工作</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">思路和方法符合治理本身的初衷、体现</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">治理本身的特征。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">治理来源于公共管理学，根据全球<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">治理委员会于1995年提出的表述：“治</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理是或公或私的个人和机构经营管理相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同事务的诸多方式的总和。它是使相互</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">冲突或不同的利益得以调和并且采取联</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合行动的持续的过程。它包括有权迫使</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人们服从的正式机构和规章制度，以及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">种种非正式安排。这些行动均由人民和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">机构或者同意、或者认为符合他们的利</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">益而授予其权力。”就此来看，治理是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一种由共同目标支持的行动，其主体未</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">必是政府，也不一定依靠政府的力量来</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实现，它体现了国家与社会、政府与非</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政府组织、公共机构与私人机构的合作。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在治理的过程中，政府主要通过制度供</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">给、政策激励与外部约束等方面发挥作</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因此，基于对“治理”一词的理解，<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区空间治理即为以社区空间为对象所</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">开展的治理工作，它跟其他治理工作一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">样，需要有统一的目标 ( 即空间规划愿</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">景 ) 作为引领，在规划建设的过程中通</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过上下互动、共同协助的方式来达成。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据社区空间治理的特征，下文将结合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上海 15 分钟社区生活圈规划建设的经</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">验，重点从全要素的规划目标策略和全</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过程的治理行动对策两方面展开论述。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">全要素的15分钟社区生活圈的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划愿景</span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区空间治理需要有明确的规划愿<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">景作为工作目标。国内社区空间治理的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目标往往仅集中在公共服务设施方面，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而无论是从对日本、韩国还是上海的经</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">验看，社区生活圈的空间目标需要各类</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间要素共同协作，方能形成步行可达</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">范围内生活需求的全方位满足，因此需</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要拓展关注更多的规划空间要素。与社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区生活圈相关的规划空间要素，可以分</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为两种类型：一类虽不属于生活圈空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的目标愿景，但却是构筑生活圈不可回</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">避的前提条件，如适宜的人口密度和开</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">放的道路格局；另一类是生活圈所倡导</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的生活方式，是生活圈的目标愿景，如</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多元的设施服务和丰富的公共空间等。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以下分别从打造生活圈的基本前提条</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">件、实现生活圈美好生活目标的规划策</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">略两方面，分别分析各类空间要素的规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划要求。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.打造生活圈的基本前提条件</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)适宜的人口密度。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在居民的步行可达范围内，尽可能<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">丰富地提供居民日常所需的公共服务，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是生活圈源起的重要原因。服务设施的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">配置需考虑服务半径的同时，支撑服务</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设施正常运行的最小服务人口规模也是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">需要考虑的重要因素之一。仅从设施使</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用的角度，在步行可达范围内，人口密</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度越大、人口规模越大，则设施的服务</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">半径越小，可提供的设施类型也越多，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因此生活圈需要一定的人口密度作为支</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">撑条件；但从综合的居住环境的角度看，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人口密度过大、开发强度过高，会影响</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">到日照采光、城市风貌和道路交通等其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">他生活条件。因此，需要从兼顾设施服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">务和居住环境的两个角度，确定适宜的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人口密度和开发强度。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以上海为例，其主要从两方面考<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">虑人口密度：①从设施服务的角度来考</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">虑人口密度。与生活圈相关的微信问卷</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">调查显示，居民希望能在步行 15 分钟</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">范围内到达的最高级别的设施为高级中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">学。按照配置一所高中的最小服务人口</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规模为 5 万人计算，步行 15 分钟约直</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">线半径为800m、面积为2km2左右的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">范围内，人口密度不宜小于 2.5 万人 /</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">平方公里。②从舒适的住区环境角度来</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">考虑人口密度。按上海一般地区住宅建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">筑高度宜控制在 50m 以内计算，住宅</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地块容积率最好不超过 2.3。以人均住</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">宅建筑面积为 35m2，居住区内住宅组</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">团用地比例为 40％～ 50％推算，地区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的人口密度不宜大于 3.3 万人 / 平方公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">里。因此，对于上海而言，理想的生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">圈人口密度是在 2.5 万～ 3.3 万人 / 平</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方公里之间。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)开放的道路格局。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在生活圈范围内，服务设施和公共<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间是否能通过步行的方式舒适便捷到</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">达，与道路网格局有着重要关系。在一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定的道路面积比例的前提下，道路间距</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">越大则道路宽度越宽，对于以倡导步行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的生活圈而言，大的道路间距和过宽的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">路幅不是一个有利于微循环与步行安全</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的路网格局，进一步会影响居民对公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设施的舒适可达。因此，生活圈需要构</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">筑一个开放安全的道路格局作为空间基</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">础。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上海在《导则》中以倡导构建舒适、<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">安全、便捷的道路格局为目标，分别对道</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">路间距、道路宽度及交叉口转弯半径的指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">标要求进行了规定。其中，在居住社区内</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市道路间距宜为100～200m；支路</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的宽度鼓励在12～16m之间，不宜大</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">于 24m；支路与支路的交叉口道路转</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">弯半径不宜大于 10m。同时，从有利</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">于行人微循环和安全可视的角度，进一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">步提高步行网络间距要求，明确步行路</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">径间距宜为 100～150m。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实现生活圈美好生活目标的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划策略</span></p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 多样化的舒适住宅。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">住宅是居民的基本生活需求，生活<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">圈首先需确保适宜的人均居住水平，同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">时通过多种类住宅的混合布局形成包容</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">融合的社区氛围，避免单一类型居民集</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">聚所导致的活力、安全等各种社会问题，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进而影响到生活圈的品质。在确定住宅</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">策略时，需关注城市或者社区现状住宅</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">结构的问题、人口结构特征及城市发展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对人口类型的需求等因素。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上海 15 分钟社区生活圈对于住<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">宅，重点关注了住宅类型和住宅布局两</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方面，并结合上海人口老龄化的现状、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">创新城市亟需吸引人才的目标，提出了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">相应的策略：①在住宅类型上，重点增</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">加中小套型住房，形成合理的住房套型</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">结构；针对不同人群需求提供差异化的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公共租赁房；增加开发商自持的租赁房</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">比重，保证租房市场的稳定性。②在住</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">宅布局上，以“大分散、小集中”为原</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">则，在一般社区内点状嵌入布局保障性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">住房，促进社会融合；倡导将独幢的老</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">年公寓零散地分布在一般社区中，方便</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家庭成员的相互照顾。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 类型丰富、便捷可达的社区服<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">务设施。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公共服务设施是社区居民关注度最<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">高的焦点，也是生活圈概念的源起所在，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因此是生活圈规划策略和标准的关键内</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">容。在公共服务设施的策略方面，尤其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">需要关注的重点是：指标体系需具有包</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">容性，能适应不同年龄和收入的人口结</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">构的差异化需求；服务类型需具有引导</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性，能符合新的生活趋势；设施布局需</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">步行可达，体现生活圈的基本特质。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上海在《导则》中对 15 分钟社区<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生活圈公共服务设施的规划提出了以下</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">策略：①构建兼顾保基础和提品质的指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">标体系。将设施分为基础保障和品质提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">升两种类型，其中基础保障型为底线型</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设施，以政府为主导进行托底建设，确</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保服务的均等化和公平性；品质提升型</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">将新时期下涌现的新型设施类型纳入其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中，各社区可根据实际需求进行差异化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">选择设置，可依托市场力量予以补充建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设。②完善新生活趋势引导下的设施类</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">型。借鉴全球服务设施发展的六大趋势，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">提出设施的完善策略，具体包括：打造</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">丰富多元的文化服务，鼓励构建文化设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">施小型化、全覆盖的网络格局，增加文</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化活动室设施；构建老有颐养的乐龄生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活，根据 “居家养老为基础、社区养老</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为依托”的养老体系，补充日间照料中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">心和老年活动室等设施；提供学有所成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的终身教育，增设社区学校及养育托管</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点等涵盖全龄的教育设施；提倡全面管</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理的健康服务，从病时方就医向实时健</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">康管理的理念转变；营造无处不在的健</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">身空间，鼓励在城市道路、公园绿地设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">置慢跑道、自行车道，增设健身点设施，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">达到健身空间无处不在的目的；提供便</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">捷舒适的商业服务，增设社区食堂与生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活服务中心等设施，并鼓励商业空间加</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">强艺术感和体验感。③提倡弱势群体和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公益设施的服务半径优先原则。优先考</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">虑社区设施使用频率最高的老年人和儿</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">童的需求，设施布局倡导“三个优先”，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包括：老幼人群优先，即老幼设施优先</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">布局在邻近家的 5 ～ 10 分钟的步行范</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">围内；服务半径优先，即对于使用频率</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">较高的设施，基于便捷可达的角度，其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设施规模可进行小微化的调整和适应；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区位选址优先，即公益性设施优先布局</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">于环境、区位与交通条件优越的地段。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)绿色开放、活力宜人的公共空间。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当下，互联网及人工智能等技术的<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展，正在深刻地影响着居民的生活。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在上海开展的一次社区生活微信调研中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发现，由于网上办事的日趋普及，居民</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对邮局、银行、水电煤缴费处、移动等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">营业厅及铁路航空订票点等方面的出行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">需求急剧下降，同时对于广场绿地、文</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化娱乐与体育等休闲类的出行需求日益</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">增长，因此需要在生活圈的公共空间类</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">型、层次和系统性方面予以关注。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对此，上海 15 分钟社区生活圈针<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对这一趋势着重强化了两方面的策略：</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">①打造多类型、多层次的公共空间，包</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">括构建公共绿地、广场、绿道、步行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街与步行通道等形态多样的城市公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间；构建类型丰富的城市公共空间，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">既包括独立占地的公共空间，又包括附</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">属开放空间；构建层次完整的城市公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间，既包括市级和区级公共绿地，又</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包括为周边居民服务的小型公共空间。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">②塑造高效可达、网络化的公共空间布</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">局，小型公共空间 5 分钟步行可达覆盖</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">率宜达到 100％；居住人口密度较大的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区，小型公共空间宜做到步行 3 分钟</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可达(图2)。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgoUfImVWlz7icFmmLzRbJRFX8j808Sz89Y3CyXSTqnGrib9uSicM3GOPv3Y0Oly4Zd3WDmNuuDlu9Dw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(4)更多的就近就业机会。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">职住平衡需要通过区域统筹来实<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现，它并不是 15 分钟步行范围内的必</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要目标，但生活圈的打造需关注在步行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">范围内提供更多的就业机会，尤其是对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">于以年轻人居多的创意创业社区。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上海在《导则》中对于社区生活圈<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在就业方面的策略重点包括：①提供更</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多的就近就业空间，构建合理的社区用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地比例结构，并鼓励以公共交通站点或</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公共活动中心为核心，在其周边集中布</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">局就业岗位。②传承历史文脉的创新空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间，鼓励将社区内的闲置建筑发展为嵌</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">入式创新空间，为小微企业提供低成本</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的办公场所；倡导依托大学院校、研究</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">机构，在临近地区提供科技创新空间；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">依托历史风貌区、旧工业厂房，提供文</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化创意空间。③提倡建筑复合利用，在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同一建筑中综合设置商业、办公与住宅</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等多种功能，提供便利的就业和生活环</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">境。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">全过程的15分钟社区生活圈的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">治理行动策略</span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据前文所述，作为治理行为的一<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">种，15分钟社区生活圈的治理过程需强</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">调通过上下互动、共同协助的方式来达</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成，同时需将治理视为一种动态持续的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过程，进行全过程的行动策划。以下重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点从多元治理主体的构成及职责、全过</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">程治理行动的环节设计两方面进行分析</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">介绍。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.多元的治理主体</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多元主体在治理过程中发挥的具体<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">职能，需要随着国家和城市在社区治理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方面推进的阶段，以及国家的政治体制</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而进行适应性的调整。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 各级政府承担组织统筹和资金<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">落实职能。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在社区治理发展较为成熟的国家或<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市，政府主要发挥的是辅助作用。以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">英国为例，其邻里规划的发起和组织者</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为社区居民，政府的职责是有义务提供</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划指导</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。而当社区治理处于初期培</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">育阶段时，从某种角度看，自上而下的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">计划引导作用仍然占有非常大的比重。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以上海为例，各层级政府在 15 分钟社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区生活圈的规划建设中发挥着极其重要</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的作用：市级规划管理部门主要承担政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">策和标准制定的工作，负责编制全市生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活圈的规划导则及行动指引，明确规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设工作的基本导向和要求；区政府及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区规划管理部门负责搭建工作队伍，包</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">括管理部门、专业技术人员、社会组织</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与新闻媒体等，并负责落实重大项目的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资金；街道办事处作为最基层的具有资</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">源配置和行政管理权利的政府派出机</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">构，负责组织本行政辖区内的力量，同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">时落实小微项目的资金；居委会充分发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">挥对所在地区范围的居民和环境熟悉了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">解的优势，承担更为具体的居民组织工</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 社区居民负责出谋划策和参与<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">决策。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生活圈的规划和实施工作强调的是<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区治理，因此需要更大程度地发挥社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区居民的能动性，公众参与的深度和力</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度都比法定规划更大。在法定规划编制</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">时，公众参与往往主要集中在两个环节，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">即编制公示和批后公示，主要体现的是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公众对规划的知晓权。上海 15 分钟社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区生活圈的规划编制工作以社区居民作</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为服务对象，因此强调要充分发挥居民</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对社区较为熟悉的优势，在社区规划和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设中重视激发居民的积极性，使其全</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方位、全过程地参与到工作中并贡献智</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">慧，其中尤为强调规划编制前期的出谋</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划策及参与中后期的方案决策。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)规划师负责协调与技术落实。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区规划师是社区治理工作中的重<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要角色，根据其工作背景的不同，可以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分为两种类型：一类是政府指派到特定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区的体制内规划师，另一类是社区委</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">托提供技术服务的规划师。在上海 15</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分钟社区生活圈的规划建设工作中，社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区规划师往往是自上而下委派和自下而</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上委托两种类型的结合。其中，自上而</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">下委派的，主要为区政府和区规土局挑</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">选的优秀社区规划专家，负责依据全市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的规划建设导向，对特定的社区特征进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行挖掘和问题判读，同时对规划设计质</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">量进行把关。自下而上委托的，主要是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道或居委会所选取的设计团队，代表</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区居民设计规划和建设方案，解决具</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体问题。这类上下结合的方式，不仅兼</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">顾了政府发展引导和社区居民意愿，也</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">符合当下社区治理的发展阶段特征。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(4) 社会组织协助政府发挥统筹协<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">调作用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社会组织在社区治理中发挥的作用<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">日渐凸显。从提供服务的类型看，社会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">组织一般可以分为两种类型：一类是承</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">接政府公共服务外包，解决基本型的公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共服务；另一类是面向更高的需求导向，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">解决提升品质型的公共服务，政府主要</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是提供部分支持。从介入方式看，社会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">组织又可以分为两种类型：一类是支持</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">型，即通过提供资金、项目、人力、智</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">力和物力等形式，直接地影响项目的决</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">策和结果；另一类是服务型，即不涉及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">治理或决策问题，而是提供某一专业领</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">域的服务，如法律咨询等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。按照以上</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分类，社区生活圈营造属于提升型服务，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一般社会组织通过支持型的方式介入到</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区环境品质提升的过程中，政府主要</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">提供部分资金和行政支持。上海已经开</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展的生活圈规划建设工作中，有部分项</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目即是由相关社区基金会承担了资金筹</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">措、规划师委托与社区居民组织等一系</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">列工作，很大程度上分担了基层政府部</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">门的职责，同时也更符合生活圈规划建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设本身作为提升型服务的定位。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(5)其他相关的参与主体。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在生活圈的规划建设工作中，除必<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要的参与主体之外，可根据社区的具体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">情况，进一步增加企业、相关专业人士</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(艺术家等)、业委会、物业公司和新闻</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">媒体等参与主体，通过适当主体和力量</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的介入，提升规划建设工作中仍存在的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">薄弱环节。例如，通过周边企业的赞助</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">强化资金来源，通过新闻媒体加强宣传</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动员，通过业委会介入提升公众参与质</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">量等。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>以实施为目标的行动策划<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与一般的规划工作以完成方案编制<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为目标不同的是，15分钟社区生活圈的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划和建设对象主要是已建社区，其工</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作目标在于推动和指导近、中期社区具</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体项目的实施，因此在规划编制和建设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">程序上与一般法定规划以审批为目的的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">流程存在较大差异，更倾向于操作层面</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的行动策划。从环节构成上，上海 15</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分钟社区生活圈针对已建社区的行动策</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划，一般包括几个环节，即组队伍、深</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">解读、找短板、定任务、推行动与评成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">果，与控详规划编制管理所包含的规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">评估、初步方案、公示、规委审议、技</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">术审查、审批的环节构成具有很大不同。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同时，在6个环节的具体操作过程中，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与一般新建地区的规划建设工作相比，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">也存在很大差异，体现了生活圈社区治</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理、存量更新和面向实施的特征(表1)。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgoUfImVWlz7icFmmLzRbJRFtYEGIlYrGDYics6DTyFc1LfKBtspDibZCEtloDLw8U1oWwfFbB7XYt5w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)组队伍。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">依据《城乡规划法》的要求，法定<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划的项目启动前，应由区规土局先行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">开展规划评估工作，报市规土局审批通</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过后，方能启动规划编制和调整工作。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">15分钟社区生活圈规划编制工作主要视</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">各区实际需要予以启动。一般由区政府</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分管区长负责召集，由区规土部门具体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">操作，搭建由区相关管理部门、街道 /</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">居委会基层管理人员、规划设计团队、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">项目实施主体、社区居民代表等组成的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">工作队伍，并明确各主体在整个行动中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">承担的职责。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)深解读。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生活圈的规划建设与社区生活息息<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">相关，社区本身的特质挖掘和规划愿景</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的深化，是引发社区居民共鸣并共同推</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进编制实施行动的重要前提。在深解读</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">环节，针对特定社区的自身特质，明确</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行动的亮点、特色和目标，并提出特定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行动口号，其实质是统一各方思想和行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动方向。在上海已经开展的 15 分钟社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区生活圈规划建设工作中，各区结合自</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">身特点为本区的生活圈工作确定了不同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的名称，如浦东新区的生活圈规划建设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">工作统一称为“缤纷社区”，静安区为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“美丽家园”，普陀区为“共享社区”，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">特定的名称有效地提高了居民对本社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生活圈规划实施行动的认同感。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)找短板。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设置这一环节主要用于发现社区<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">存在的问题和盲区，形成公共要素的短</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">板清单，作为未来编制规划和制定近、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中期行动计划的基础。已建社区找短板</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的方式与新建地区规划存在较大差异，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新建地区以公共空间和公共设施的规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">标准作为对标的主要依据，而已建社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由于存在人口结构和建设年代的差异，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划指标不能精准地体现出社区的差异</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性，因而在上海的生活圈规划建设工作</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中，在符合《导则》明确的设施趋势和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">导向的基础上，主要通过现场调研、居</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">民和专业部门访谈及结合大数据分析等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">手段，来精确判读社区当下存在的问题，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进而明确公共要素的短板清单。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(4)定任务。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据找短板环节确定的公共要素清<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">单，在定任务环节进一步确定具体行动</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">任务类型和行动时间表。根据涉及到的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行政管理程序来分类，行动任务可以分</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为3种：第一类是涉及规划调整的，如</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">增加幼儿园、菜场和公园绿地等独立用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地或建设规模相对较大的设施或场地，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">需要对已批控详规开展用地性质等指标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的优化；第二类是涉及到建设管理程序</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的，如增建电梯等；第三类是可直接开</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展的工作，如空间环境美化等。每一类</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">型任务在具体开展的过程中，涉及到不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同的行政管理部门，工作开展的步骤和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主体也存在差异。通过分类处理，来确</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定各个任务的行动主体、行动内容和行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动时间表，指导行动的有序开展。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(5)推行动。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这一环节主要依托公众力量，开展<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划方案编制和设计，推动项目的落地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实施。在规划编制时，社区居民通过多</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">种形式参与行动方案的讨论，及时表达</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和反馈意见，确保规划方案符合社区居</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">民的需求和意愿；在项目实施时，社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">居民参与到行动计划的推广中，并且在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设施及空间投入使用后，举办各类社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活动，提升社区的凝聚力和活力。以上</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">海浦东新区“缤纷社区”为例，居委会、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业委会通过“听证会”的方式来收集居</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">民意向，以“协调会”的方式来统一居</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">民的想法。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(6)评成果。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这一环节主要发动公众从使用效<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">果的角度对规划方案和实施建设进行评</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">议，并总结行动过程中工作队伍结构、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">环节组织等各方面的经验教训，指导下</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一轮的行动工作更有序地开展。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/BbPwiczenBNHvLdcfPweOJXBfblQ6ibfLBlvibcnia3myl27yqI7B0VEFlmOgUm1QiaQFc3SNjxzSdBVsAakPx1dn4w/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;margin-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-top-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);border-right-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);padding: 10px 10px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;margin-top: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(226, 226, 226) 0px 16px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">15 分钟社区生活圈的规划建设，<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">需要具备更全的视角，从明确规划愿景、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">全覆盖规划要素、治理贯穿全过程等方</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面来综合开展工作。上海通过制定《导</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">则》，提出导向明确的规划建设标准和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">环节清晰的治理行动指引，各社区在开</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展具体工作时，可从有利于提高治理水</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">平、有利于项目实施的角度，因地制宜</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地深化标准、增减主体、优化环节，这</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为我国的 15 分钟社区生活圈的规划建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设工作提供一个参考范式，具有借鉴价</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">值。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从上海已开展的实践看，未来仍有<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进一步完善深化的空间，尤其是从社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">治理属于提升型公共服务的定位角度，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更深层次地思考生活圈规划建设中各主</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体的职责，进一步加大自下而上的力量，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包括：①强化社会组织的主导作用，充</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分发挥社会组织在生活圈规划建设中的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">组织协调作用；②提升社区居民的决策</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地位，加大宣传力度以培育社区居民的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">治理意识，赋予居民发起生活圈规划建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设工作的权利，居民可直接委托设计师</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">开展规划设计工作等；③政府进一步向</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制度供给者、政策制定者和外部约束者</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的角色转换，为其他主体提供更多的主</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">导空间等。总之，只有通过从生活圈概</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">念的源起及对其规划建设工作的特征进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行反思，方能实现初衷，更好地实现规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划愿景目标、取得更好的治理效果。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(252, 221, 93);padding: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(100, 100, 100);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2018年05期《规划师》杂志</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：肖莉</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审核：刘芳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2018年05期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">15 分钟社区生活圈的空间治理对策</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/BbPwiczenBNHvLdcfPweOJXBfblQ6ibfLBlvibcnia3myl27yqI7B0VEFlmOgUm1QiaQFc3SNjxzSdBVsAakPx1dn4w/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》近期文章推荐（点击蓝字可查看原文）</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【2018年3期总览】本期主题：新型智库建设与规划设计院转型</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛5】共享理念下自贸区空间发展的规划策略 ——  以川南泸州自贸区为例<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛4】共享经济与共享住房 —— 从居住空间看城市空间的转变<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛3】共享经济下城市规划中的公众参与行动框架<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛2】共享经济驱动的共享城市规划策略<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛1】新时期共享经济的特征内涵、空间规则 与规划策略</p><p style="text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/BbPwiczenBNHvLdcfPweOJXBfblQ6ibfLBlvibcnia3myl27yqI7B0VEFlmOgUm1QiaQFc3SNjxzSdBVsAakPx1dn4w/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-top: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: right;border-top: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;color: transparent;clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-radius: 6px;word-wrap: break-word;box-sizing: border-box;margin: -13px 3px;padding: 12px;"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgYibxHQw6jBBa6WnOTiaBZKNufa6sq9dCJZDs3ibDR8pn5XHVOlgia8gpslhctrAR1yT9tqzwZb3APvQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 129, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">识别图中二维码进入微店购买《规划师》杂志</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgYibxHQw6jBBa6WnOTiaBZKN9QWFZ5PyO265kVb5PEg62rXlpVoBiapPhqRY71HPFo4ZW7vLaEopHiaw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                    </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgoUfImVWlz7icFmmLzRbJRFhgTMjUZXRQlnofDBOWTOwtPCOnoYK5xTXFctJQu1SpicR7bUMx9Rhtg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgoUfImVWlz7icFmmLzRbJRF9ibFD2hRfm8yvz0iaS93ZPWZQPLSmibWBjmgicznaguPDkL4Q6ohFabk3w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="height: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-top-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: right;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-top-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section>
                <br />