国匠城工作台

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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;" data-mpa-powered-by="gulangu"><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在刚刚过去的7月</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国经历了2018年来最旷日持久的高温过程</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划君也领教了在火炉里热到变形的感受</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCYtO7Z155jeXekUuEs3iaic3xAWeVO4bPficg9LP0JQukHnDTCBYxBLiarCSPeTy892JUwQwV3yqQ2uww/640" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">昨天，中国天气网揭晓全国高温榜</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">快来看看你家上榜了没</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图源：中国天气网</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCYtO7Z155jeXekUuEs3iaic3xHNw3GorIuJDIcsXW5T06KAsFRvMJSl9KlsGu5zERHjEGaJ0icTSSzyw/640" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCYtO7Z155jeXekUuEs3iaic3x3Dr2ADiaiayAtIfp1vehCmOWFHZIia5Gy1WTiaNnZksEqMR4DiaO8GV3lxg/640" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCYtO7Z155jeXekUuEs3iaic3xfmSZiacd6X1tl4wjCKnqySlicAqj3yibceT02QTqzDzBiaiaFpu6bVHm8pw/640" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCYtO7Z155jeXekUuEs3iaic3xat93yI51Od61RicgcfkJibX75wzPiahkDDWyWpH4NSYOjONibdnynSPicAg/640" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCYtO7Z155jeXekUuEs3iaic3xJ3L9Ph4qvk4P2wCn6gbE1H8f4GocMA06OkcKtytVE3Nb9A4HmbcjKg/640" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCYtO7Z155jeXekUuEs3iaic3x2CibHFSeF7VKTUicX447uZmYOS914NRhXHgkSxH75bIqocH4ZEG9Ksicw/640" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section><section class="V5" style="" powered-by="gulangu"><section style=""><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;"><p><strong>被热浪侵袭的城市</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;"><section style="vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 20%;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/3rV5DOkGgCYtO7Z155jeXekUuEs3iaic3xiaomqoFiclsxMKHjemULW8PziaJ5YWXNdCsfIGms1aVdUPPLibEJmyrhDQ/640" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu"><section style=""><section><p><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" powered-by="gulangu"><section style=""><section style="font-size: 15px;text-align: justify;line-height: 2;"><p style="white-space: normal;">随着一波又一波的热浪袭来，全国多地都感受到了高温的“无差别攻击”。7月31日，美国麻省理工学院（M.I.T.）一个研究团队在《自然-通讯》（Nature Communications）杂志发表了一篇论文，论文指出，<strong><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">到本世纪末，因气候变化和农田灌溉等因素的影响，华北平原地区将成为频繁遭受热浪侵袭的重灾区</span></strong>，甚至可能因此影响从事室外劳动的劳动者的生命安全。到那时，如今生活着近4亿人的华北平原将不再宜居。</p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;">该研究团队的领导者，<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">麻省理工学院水文与气候专家Elfatih Eltahir，在接受英国《卫报》采访时称，“<strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">这一地区（中国华北平原地区）将在未来成为遭受致命热浪侵袭的最热门地区。</span></strong>”</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;">国内频发的热浪侵袭事件，为该研究提供了中国将饱受热浪侵袭之苦的佐证。但值得关注的是，<strong><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">遭受热浪侵袭事实上已成为一个全球性话题。</span></strong>有媒体报道称，自2005年到2014年十年间，全球平均每年出现25次重大热浪，每年有7200余人丧生。而依据国家气候中心监测的2018年7月全球最高气温距平分布图，北半球在欧洲、东亚、北美气温正距平显著，其中欧洲最为突出。<strong><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);">也就是说，整个北半球大气正在持续“高烧”。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;">不过，在国内相关研究者看来，无论以模式预测结果还是既往独立的热浪侵袭事件为依据，都不能成为麻省理工团队研究结论具有确定性的依据。</p></section></section></section></section><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国“火炉”城市知多少</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/y55Evau5BD5chvej71tpAoV8GnhMPv6fd6TbGktHJXYh5jiavhPnY6vCq0iaNWKu1TsBpoo4ratzpdUqbB3CcCvQ/640" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不知从何时开始，“火炉”城市的叫法开始流行起来。据了解，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(139, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">我国传统意义上的“火炉”城市是指长江中下游地区的几座大型城市。</span></strong>这些城市在夏季受副热带高压控制，一般会维持较长时间的高温高湿天气，使人们感到闷热难耐，好似在“火炉”中一般。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(139, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">但“火炉”城市一直没有确切的定义和科学的标准。</span></strong></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在气象观测资料中，最高气温、最低气温、平均气温、气温日较差（指一天中气温最高值与最低值之差）等均是判定冷热程度的客观指标，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">但要反映人体在周围气温环境里的舒适程度，还需要同时考虑空气相对湿度、高温的持续时间、风速、辐射等要素。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为此，气象专家专门构建了一个判断指标——“炎热指数”，主要考虑<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">气温和相对湿度对人体舒适状况的综合影响</span></strong>，同时确定了“炎热指数”的计算公式。“炎热指数”值越大，人体感觉会越不舒适。当“炎热指数”达到85时，少数人就会感觉难以忍受。因此，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">当某一天的“炎热指数”达到或超过85，则确定该日为“高温炎热日”。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">即使确定“炎热指数”和“高温炎热日”，仍然不能武断地对“火炉”城市下定义。由于我国从南到北横跨多个气候带，如果把处在不同气候带的城市放在一起比较，很难找出统一的指标。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">而将处在同一气候带的城市放一起比较则是较为合理的方式。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2012年，国家气候中心专家根据<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(139, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">1981年到2011年间的气象观测资料</span></strong>，综合分析我国主要城市的<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(139, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">炎热指数、极端最高气温、高温日数、夏季平均最高气温和最低气温等</span></strong>要素，得出了<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(139, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">近31年全国夏季炎热程度靠前的10个省会城市或直辖市，</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分别是：福州、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">重庆、杭州、海口、长沙、南昌、西安、武汉、南宁、广州。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCYtO7Z155jeXekUuEs3iaic3xjAZpeSibLL8fxvvMx0kKossU65Hqh6ggH2MFvTJCFRlXxvsGPMRrhkA/640" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCYtO7Z155jeXekUuEs3iaic3x8ZruC5nIdpl4KkoHW2xaLX8EhOkRiarrvrXDM4c0pVjpZ4q3RibMkCfQ/640" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCYtO7Z155jeXekUuEs3iaic3x8AptRT7GVRf4nyu6VkAWQqnenhpFFTFic0qxqrLVVeBzDXBcBRyvnoA/640" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCYtO7Z155jeXekUuEs3iaic3xyJI5zQ0r3JPGtBBwAAB89mKxRslNE6kuKtiad6Szj6oic2Styf5NGChA/640" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/3rV5DOkGgCYtO7Z155jeXekUuEs3iaic3xRckwou45M3pG5DdJYFJEKOpzzKOAXcKG8kZY5o2FS2VsZn85R7T84A/640" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有人或许觉得“火炉”<span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: justify;">城市</span>和自己的感知不太吻合。其实，<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体感温度和空气温度确实会有差异。昨日</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中国天气网的全国高温榜文章下就有类似的评论，可见，没进“火炉”<span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: justify;">城市</span>榜单的城市，并不见得就不热。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/3rV5DOkGgCYtO7Z155jeXekUuEs3iaic3xlXice0cdBo5w84qGYGDrU6HbAs4QsVdicRloZ60yIPKn7JqceTic7cPJw/640" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图源：中国天气网文章评论</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同时，气候的周期性更迭也会影响城市的温度，以重庆为例子。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 34px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(105, 143, 187);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -24px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);padding: 0.1em 0.3em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.8;background-color: rgb(105, 143, 187);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《重庆市城市高温变化特征分析及对策初探》</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1951—2011年，重庆市主城区年平均气温经历了三个变化阶段：20世纪50年代后期－70年代前期的相对偏暖期；70年代后期－90年代后期的相对偏冷期；21世纪00年代前期以来的相对偏暖期。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(105, 143, 187);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划与区域经济对“火炉”城市的影响</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/y55Evau5BD5chvej71tpAoV8GnhMPv6fd6TbGktHJXYh5jiavhPnY6vCq0iaNWKu1TsBpoo4ratzpdUqbB3CcCvQ/640" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(139, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">城市化的迅速发展，带来了两个巨大的改变：人口密度提高，与土地功能改变。</span></strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人口聚集区，相应的建筑密度也高。高楼阻挡了空气的流动，加剧了热岛效应。此外，人口密集之地，经济生产也更密集，比如尾气排放量更大，这也被视作温室效应的重要源头。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着土地功能的改变，植被减少，硬化的地面取代土壤，工厂取代森林。城市化越高的地方这种改变越大，温度的变化越是明显。 </p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">比如《重庆市城市高温变化特征分析及对策初探》提到，在2000 —2016 年期间，重庆市主城区地表温度平均值，由2000年7月22日的23.75 ℃增加到2016年8月22 日的29.47℃，增加了5.72℃。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">另一个相反的例子是武汉。最为老三大火炉之一，这几年武汉基本很少挤进高温排名的前四。一个不可忽视的因素是，这几年大力推动绿化和还湖，数据显示，1997年至2011年，武汉建成区绿地面积由5270公顷，增加到了16347公顷。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可见，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划和经济发展水平，通过人口、工业化等对火炉程度密切影响。</span></strong>另外，随着经济要素在区域内的高度聚集，这种影响还可能通过城市群体现出来。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这些年流行的十大避暑圣地，也遵循同样的逻辑。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">决定城市避暑知名度的，除了气温低的基本自然条件外，交通和发展水平也是重要因素。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">比如恩施，随着宜万铁路的开通，背靠重庆和成都的优势充分显现，这些年才能够成为火热的避暑圣地。</p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“火炉”城市的城市发展之路</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/y55Evau5BD5chvej71tpAoV8GnhMPv6fd6TbGktHJXYh5jiavhPnY6vCq0iaNWKu1TsBpoo4ratzpdUqbB3CcCvQ/640" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“火炉”城市的说法，在某些地方逐渐没那么流行了。比如前面提到的高温日数排行，它所依据的是室外的监测点。是否酷暑难耐，除了温度高这个直接要素外，暴露于室外的时间长短，也是重要的考量因素。</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(139, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">对于现代人来说，尤其是经济发达、城市化水平高地区，御热能力实际上大大提高了。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">比如空调公交基本取代了像闷罐子一样的公交车，而冷气十足的地铁，提供了更舒适的出行。还有打车软件，能让你在网约车到来时，再穿过暴晒区，钻进空调车里，而不用像过去一样顶着太阳在路边手招出租车。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公共交通体系的完善，在居住区、商业区和住宅区提供了无缝的接驳。另外，像外卖这种平台的崛起，让人们更多可以待在室内生存，感受室外酷热的时间其实减少了。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(139, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">这些同样是城市发展水平的体现。</span></strong>于是，我们看到一个矛盾的结果，城市化水平高的地区，热岛效应更显著，室外气温可能更高，但御热能力提升，让我们忘了身处火炉。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文来源：综合中国天气网、西部城事、中国新闻周刊、中国气象报社等<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;padding-bottom: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 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