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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhIgLpWUJmXUxFgCchG6g4icvLTJy6LnqLIcEib3dWdCErpicpeovLB2s7z6ZC8R1iciaOjyso1icxJtGOg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhIgLpWUJmXUxFgCchG6g4icvLTJy6LnqLIcEib3dWdCErpicpeovLB2s7z6ZC8R1iciaOjyso1icxJtGOg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(254, 193, 192);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px 0px;clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院副教授、硕士生导师</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">赵守谅</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院硕士研究生</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">周宇飞</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，武汉大学城市设计学院讲师</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">陈婷婷</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2018年第3期撰文，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着人民生活水平的日益提高，以农家乐为代表的休闲农业迅速发展。农家乐经营规模不断扩大导致了一系列土</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地利用问题，如非法占用耕地、宅基地超标等，这归根结底是由于国家对此类土地缺乏有效的政策监管。据此，文章以农家</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乐用地为切入点，从梳理农村土地政策和制度入手，探究当前国家相关政策问题并提出有效的对策建议，保证农家乐用地的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有序流转和规范化管理。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(42, 118, 162);float: right;margin-top: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]农家乐；农村土地；用地管理；政策</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号]1006-0022(2018)03-0108-05　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号]TU984.11 + 9　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码]B</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[引文格式]赵守谅，周宇飞，陈婷婷．我国农家乐用地管理政策的问题及对策[J]．规划师，2018(3)：108-112．</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/sCsIF5GCIRK2ibVJO5ktRt5petq3Bg1tYDNboGZgHWeUqG7ffX1RdWnuRMGG3oGL2aIvuJggUe7H0n92rMTDrZA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 我国农家乐用地的现状特征</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>农家乐的界定<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农家乐是一种乡村旅游业态，是以“吃农家饭、<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">品农家菜、住农家屋、干农家活、享农家乐、购农家</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">品”为主要内容的一种新兴旅游活动</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，其定义有广</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">义和狭义之分。狭义农家乐是指农民利用自家院落及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">周边优美的乡村景色，以城镇居民为主要消费对象，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">提供餐饮、住宿、娱乐与购物等农村本</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">土体验活动的旅游形式，即传统型的农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家乐。然而，在农业现代化发展需求下，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传统农家乐逐渐开始走下坡路，这迫使</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农家乐向更多元化方向转型，出现了外</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来业主承包乡村的林地、鱼塘、牧草地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来经营的“林家乐”“渔家乐”“牧家</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乐”等形式，甚至通过租赁农民宅基地，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">融合乡村旅游与文创产业而形成的“艺</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家乐”，成为当下最受欢迎的农家乐形</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">式之一。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>农家乐用地的主要特点<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农家乐用地类型多种多样，其中包<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">括宅基地、果园、鱼塘与林场等，这导</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">致用地规模难以用具体指标统一控制，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前只能通过它们主要依托的农村宅基</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地面积标准来初步界定。《中华人民共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和国土地管理法》规定“农村村民一户</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">只能拥有一处宅基地，其宅基地的面积</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不得超过省、自治区、直辖市规定的标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">准”，各地区的自然条件和社会因素差</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">异导致了宅基地标准不尽相同，如重庆</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市以山地为主，宅基地面积标准较小，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为 60 ～ 150平方米 / 户，而内蒙古自</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">治区位于平原地区，宅基地面积为 250</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">～ 500 平方米 / 户。通常情况下，传统</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农家乐由农户自行经营，用地规模为宅</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基地面积与自家院落面积之和，而转型</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">后的农家乐一般由外来业主租赁若干户</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">宅基地和院落进行经营，用地规模的灵</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活性较大，难以具体界定。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国农家乐用地分布类型主要有 3<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">种：①城市近郊型，以武汉小朱湾、成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">都三圣花乡为代表。其位于城市郊区，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由城郊农民家庭经营，以该城市居民为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主要消费对象，客源市场近地性和交通</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">便利性是该类农家乐发展的最大优势。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">②偏远农村型，以成都郫县友爱乡农科</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村为代表。其一般位于离城市较远的农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村地区，本土的乡村风光和农业活动成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为吸引游客的动力，游客主要通过自驾</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">或乘坐火车等方式前来体验。③成熟景</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区周缘型，以都江堰青城后山、临安天</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目山等自然景区周边的农家乐为代表。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其依托周边著名景区，游客可以通过多</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">种方式前来，对景区的依赖性很强，兴</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">旺衰败均随景区而变化。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/sCsIF5GCIRK2ibVJO5ktRt5petq3Bg1tYDNboGZgHWeUqG7ffX1RdWnuRMGG3oGL2aIvuJggUe7H0n92rMTDrZA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我国农家乐用地管理面临的政策<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">瓶颈</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国农村土地政策和制度演变</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">历程</span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中华人民共和国成立后国家针对农<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村土地制度进行了多次改革。1950年《中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">华人民共和国土地改革法》的颁布标志</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">着土地改革的全面展开，改变了农村土</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地归地主阶级所有的状况，实行“耕者</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有其田”的农民土地私有、家庭分散经</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">营的土地制度。社会主义改造时期下发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的《关于发展农业生产合作社的决议》，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">使土地制度转变为集体所有、集体经营</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">模式，进而最终形成集体所有、家庭承</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包经营的土地制度，并一直沿用至今。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1978 年“包产到户”使我国土地制度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">变迁进入新时期，随后我国农村土地制</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度先后经历了“两权分离”“新土改”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和“三权分置”3个时期的变革。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)“两权分离”时期(1978～2003<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">年)。在社会主义改造时期，以人民公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社为代表的集体所有的土地制度暴露出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">计划经济的弊端，打击了农民生产的积</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">极性，农业生产效率低下。在此背景下，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1978 年十一届三中全会提出的家庭联</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">产承包责任制将土地所有权和承包经营</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">权分离，实行所有权归集体、承包经营</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">权归农户的双层经营体制，农民自我经</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">营、自负盈亏的经营制度创新激发了空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">前的生产潜力，为我国农业的发展和进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">步打下坚实的基础。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) “新土改”时期(2003～2013年)。<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">30年的改革实践证明，要坚持土地集体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">所有以适应农村生产力，并不断深化改</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">革土地承包经营权，赋予农民更多权利。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2003 年实行的《农村土地承包法》指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">明，保护承包方依法、自愿、有偿地进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行土地承包经营权流转，《物权法》也</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">明确规定了该项权利，农民具有充分自</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由；十七届三中全会和十八届三中全会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">又分别提出“赋予农民更加充分而有保</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">障的土地承包经营权”和“建立健全土</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地承包经营权流转市场”，允许农民以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多种方式流转土地承包经营权和稳定农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村土地承包关系并保持长久不变，“赋</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">予农民对承包地占有、使用、收益、流</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">转及承包经营权抵押、担保权能，允许</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农民以承包经营权入股发展农业产业化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经营”等规定， 进一步深化完善了农村</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的土地制度。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)“三权分置”时期 (2014 年至<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">今 )。土地产权包含占有权、使用权、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">收益权和处置权4项内容，现行的土地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">承包制规定农民对土地有占有权、使用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">权和收益权，处置权归集体所有。2014</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">年中央一号文件指出“在落实农村土地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集体所有权的基础上，稳定农户承包权、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">放活土地经营权，允许承包土地的经营</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">权向金融机构抵押融资”，形成了农村</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">土地改革的基本框架，并于2015年《深</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化农村改革综合性实施方案》和 2016</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">年《关于完善农村土地所有权承包权经</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">营权分置办法的意见》中不断构建“两</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">权分离”到“三权分置”的政策体系，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以促进农村土地经营权流转，适应产业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化、规范化发展，开辟中国特色新型农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业现代化新路径。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>我国农家乐用地管理问题分析<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.用地分类标准衔接不当</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">近年来，国家农业部、住建部、国<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">土资源局及旅游局均对以农家乐为代表</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的休闲农业给予了政策上的支持。2015</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">年农业部《关于积极开发农业多种功能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大力促进休闲农业发展的通知》指明支</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">持农民发展农家乐，可通过多渠道获取</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">土地发展休闲农业；2017 年中央一号</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文件利用“旅游+”“生态+”等模式，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">推进农业、林业与旅游、教育、文化、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">康养等产业深度融合，支持闲置宅基地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">做休闲旅游养老产业等，鼓励发展富有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村特色的民宿，为农家乐发展带来良</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">好的机遇。但是农家乐作为一种融合第</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一、第二、第三产业的现代农业发展模</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">式，其小到农民利用自家宅基地经营，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大到外来业主承包农林用地经营的方式</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">必然导致用地类型多样，往往都会涉及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">到耕地、宅基地、林地及水域等土地资</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">源的开发和利用，并且在不同部门出台</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的政策中往往有着不同的分类标准和内</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">容(表 1)。例如，国土资源部强调对农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用地的保护，住建部更关注城市建设用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地，农业部则把农家乐用地按建设用地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进行管理，但集体建设用地中没有与农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家乐用地直接相关的用途分类，此外它</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于广义农家乐的用地并无提及。各部</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">门对土地分类侧重点的不同将直接增加</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农家乐用地分类的难度，无法从定性的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">引导转为针对性的标准。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhIgLpWUJmXUxFgCchG6g4iclfw7zxicKu43CIpvWExKlnmibibYK8mG38M3Am5BWhQoSw0Uyjwk1S6Yw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.国家政策与法律制度相互脱节</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农村土地流转不仅是未来我国经济<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">增长的根本动力，更是我国发展新型农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业的必经之路，为此国家在不断的探索</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中。一方面是对于农村土地“三权分置”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的探索，如2014年11月中共中央办公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">厅、国务院办公厅印发《关于引导农村</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">土地经营权有序流转发展农业适度规模</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经营的意见》提出要在稳定完善农村土</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地承包关系的前提下采用鼓励创新土地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">流转形式、加强土地流转管理和服务等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方式规范引导农村土地经营权有序流转；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">另一方面是对于“三块地” ② 的探索，如</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2015年1月下发的《关于农村土地征收、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集体经营性建设用地入市、宅基地制度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">改革试点工作的意见》标志着我国农村</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">土地改革进入试点阶段，其牵扯到农村</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">土地流转相关法律的修改和制度的完善，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">并于2017年在对农村宅基地的盘活利用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上有了进一步的考虑和推进措施。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与国家政策不断探索形成鲜明对比</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的是农家乐用地相关法律制度的停滞不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">前。农家乐作为一种新型的产业模式，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其用地管理有自身的特殊性——名义上</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">没有改变土地的农用性质，导致现在普</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">遍通过承包、租赁、合作联营及自主开</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发等方式获取大多数的农家乐用地，只</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有很少部分用地按照建设用地报批程</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">序，办理农用地转用和征收手续之后再</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经营。在承包与租赁价格低、见效快等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利益优势的驱使下，多数农家乐经营业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主往往会虚报实际经营内容来规避国土</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">部门的审批和监督，这归根结底源于我</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国现存的农村土地流转程序的不规范，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现存的《物权法》《土地管理法》《土</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地承包法》《旅游法》中均缺失对农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家乐用地管理此类边缘性项目的明确规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定，这种“无法可依”的现状诱发经营</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业主不断采用“以假乱真”的手段圈地、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">扩建，不仅扰乱了国家土地市场秩序，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更容易导致破坏耕地等损害农民根本利</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">益行为的发生，农家乐发展的用地需求</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与耕地保护间的矛盾已成为制约农家乐</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">旅游发展的最大困境。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">缺乏针对性的农家乐用地管理</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政策</span></p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自2004年10月国务院《关于深化<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">改革严格土地管理的办法》出台后，国</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家和地方高度重视农村土地问题，上至</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国务院下至地方各级政府均下发了一系</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">列文件，如国土资源部联合住建部、旅</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">游局出台《关于支持旅游业发展用地政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">策的意见》、浙江省《关于全面推进农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家乐规范提升发展的意见》、上海市《关</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">于推进本市农业旅游发展的若干意见》</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等，欲通过不断完善的规章制度来解决</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农村土地问题。但是综观这些文件，其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">监管重点依然是放在农村土地流转和政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">策扶持上，而对于以农家乐为代表的休</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">闲农业项目的具体用地问题则少有提及。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">究其原因，一方面是由于国家政策作为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">宏观调控手段，研究总体性问题，对农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家乐用地这类具体的问题则无法做到事</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">无巨细；另一方面是因为地方各级政府</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在落实国家政策时，需因地制宜地制定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政策，涉及的农家乐用地分类管理问题、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利益分配问题、资金运作问题并非是几</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">个政策标准一蹴而就可以解决的。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4.休闲农业战略规划缺失</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">近年来“三农”问题屡次作为中央<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一号文件的重点被提出，休闲农业更是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">被高度关注，并希望通过统筹相关规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来带动它的发展。2015年农业部下发《关</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">于积极开发农业多种功能大力促进休闲</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农业发展的通知》明确用地政策，强调</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“在实行最严格的耕地保护制度的前提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">下，对农民就业增收带动作用大、发展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">前景好的休闲农业项目用地，各地要将</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其列入土地利用总体规划和年度计划优</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">先安排”，并鼓励利用PPP模式、众筹</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">模式和增强休闲农业 O2O 能力等方式</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">加大对休闲农业的支持。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农家乐用地管理和审批机制缺失，<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">导致了我国大多数的农家乐项目缺乏统</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一的战略规划，阻碍了农村土地资源的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">高效配置。首先，农家乐赖以生存的乡</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村资源的开发利用往往牵扯到众多部门</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的利益，宏观规划的缺失使得各部门工</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作难以有效协调，休闲农业规划与土地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利用总体规划、城乡总体规划、村庄规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划等规划衔接不畅，造成乡村土地资源</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和生态资源浪费；其次，缺乏规划的引</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">导，农户自发建设的“农家乐”发展重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点模糊、经营方式雷同、功能和服务同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">质化现象严重，农户之间各自为政，难</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以形成规模，发挥休闲农业的集聚效应；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">最后，上位规划的统筹作用缺失导致项</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目选址随意、布局混乱和用地指标不规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">范，这在很大程度上阻碍了农村土地资</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">源的高效配置，从而限制了乡村旅游业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的规范化发展。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/sCsIF5GCIRK2ibVJO5ktRt5petq3Bg1tYDNboGZgHWeUqG7ffX1RdWnuRMGG3oGL2aIvuJggUe7H0n92rMTDrZA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">农家乐用地规范化管理的对策<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建议</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">针对上文提出的问题，需要国家、<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地方和规划3个层面统筹协调并制定相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关对策。在坚持国家总体方针政策不变</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的前提下，国家探索出一套适用的农家</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乐用地分类标准，地方政府要勇于尝试，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">推出更加细化的管理办法，取得经验后</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">逐步推广，并通过城乡规划和法律制定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等手段来保障政策的有效执行，共同达</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">到农家乐规范化发展的目的。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国家层面：编制统一的农家乐</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用地分类标准</span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.互补性</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《全国土地分类标准》以切实保<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">护耕地为出发点，立足土地资源的现状</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对农用地进行详细分类，包括耕地、林</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地、园地、牧草地及其他农用地；《城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡用地分类标准》和《村庄规划用地分</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">类指南》则从城乡发展的角度对建设用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地进行详细的分类，包括城乡居民点建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设用地、区域交通设施用地、区域公用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设施用地、特殊用地和采矿用地，而农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家乐用地只涉及其中的城乡居民点建设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用地。在编制统一的农家乐用地分类标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">准时，应该关注各自的侧重点，既要体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现对农用地和生态环境的保护，保障农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">民权益，又要适宜城市发展，满足人类</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活动的需要。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.适用性</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">统一后的用地分类标准要以农家乐<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为前提，厘清容易混淆的分类，如《全</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国土地分类标准》中的“灌溉水田”与“水</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">浇地”；合并名称不同、内涵相近的分类，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如《全国土地分类标准》中的“农用地”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与《城乡用地分类标准》《村庄规划用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地分类指南》中的“农林用地”均指耕地、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">园林、林地、牧草地及用于畜禽养殖的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设施农用地，《全国土地分类标准》中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的“未利用土地”与《城乡用地分类标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">准》《村庄规划用地分类指南》中的“其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">他非建设用地”；祛除与农家乐无关的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分类，如《全国土地分类标准》中的“城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">镇单一住宅用地”“城镇混合住宅用地”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与《城乡用地分类标准》中的“城市建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设用地”则不适用于农家乐用地的管理。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.可操作性</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">无论何种用地分类标准的制定，最<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">终目的是便于审查管理，而现行标准存</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在部分粗放分类现象，如在《城乡用地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分类标准》中将村庄建设用地定义为“农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村居民点的建设用地”，对宅基地不够</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">明确，难以指导农家乐占用宅基地经营</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的管理工作。因此，在制定农家乐用地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分类标准时要注重管理的可操作性，以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农家乐管理为主要针对对象，以实现精</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">细化管理。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地方层面：勇于探索先试先行的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农家乐用地政策</span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.创新农家乐用地流转程序</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">三圣花乡位于成都市环城生态区<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">内，依托优良的乡村资源发展成为我国</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">著名的乡村旅游地，花乡农居内的“清</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">源际艺术中心”“隐约”“枫林居”都</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是典型的农家乐。该地区乡村旅游迅速</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展得益于土地流转制度的变革，其具</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体做法是：在政府主导下，农民将宅基</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地和土地承包经营权等按照农村土地出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">让权的转让协议自愿流转给 11 家新型</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的集体经济组织，再由这些经济组织流</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">转给外来业主投资经营，农民依靠土地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经营权入股并以“保底＋分红”的模式</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">获得收益。这样一来，不仅保护了耕地，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而且充分利用了宅基地：一是分散、废</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">弃、空闲宅基地通过整理后再经过二次</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">流转已转换为建设用地，提高了土地的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利用效率，促进了农家乐集约化发展；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">二是未经流转的宅基地租赁给外来投资</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">者进行专业化经营，农民可以获得较高</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的租金收益。此外，当地政府还在资金、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人才与技术等方面为农家乐发展提供了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有力保障，让“农民”不再是一种身份，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而是一种职业。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.完善农家乐用地管理政策</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">针对休闲农业旅游的快速发展，上<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">海市也制定了一些政策，如在《关于推</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进本市农业旅游发展的若干意见》中提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出将多余产权房入股参与建设集中的、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规模型产权式农业旅游住宿设施，开展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农业旅游经营活动；在《关于加快推进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本市农业旅游发展的若干政策意见》中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规范利用农村宅基地经营农家乐的程</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">序，并尝试解决农家乐等农业旅游项目</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的用地问题；在《关于开展农村集体建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设用地流转试点工作若干意见》中规定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“依法取得的农村集体建设用地，可以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用于工业、商业、旅游业、服务业等经</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">营性项目”，这为农家乐项目利用农村</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集体建设用地提供了有力支持。可以看</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出，上海市致力于探索农家乐用地管理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政策并趋于完善，这些利好政策的出台</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">才使得该市农家乐得以长足发展。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">三圣花乡和上海市的成功经验表<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">明：地方政府要勇于探索先行先试的农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家乐用地政策，尊重土地用途管制机制，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利用新型的农村经济组织机构合理分配</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农村土地资源，规范农家乐用地流转程</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">序，逐步完善农家乐用地管理政策，实</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现利益最大化，在地方试点取得经验后</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">再逐步推广到全国各地。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划层面：制定以农业发展规划</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为先导的农家乐旅游发展规划</span></p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合理的规划是农家乐健康发展最根<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本的保障。对于农家乐不是本地主流产</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业的地区，应把农家乐项目纳入该地区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的农业发展规划和旅游产业发展规划，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而对以农家乐为主要产业依托的地区而</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">言，应单独编制农家乐旅游发展规划，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分别从空间、时间、数量及质量上对休</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">闲农业用地进行控制，同时要与土地利</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用总体规划、城乡总体规划、村庄规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">相衔接，确定规模和布局，彻底改变无</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">序开发和资源浪费的状况。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.选址管理</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同地区农家乐的选址条件是不同<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的，因地制宜地掌握各地区的环境容量，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划定该地区范围内农家乐优先发展区、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">适宜发展区和禁止发展区，并采用减免</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">税收、资金补助等鼓励方式引导农家乐</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">项目优先选择利用村内废弃宅基地、废</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">弃工矿用地等存量建设用地和未利用地，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以及制定资源开发管理条例等约束手段</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来保护农民的基本农田，最终实现从空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间上控制农家乐用地位置的目的。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.规模控制</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以规划手段控制农家乐规模的前提<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是要明确影响用地和建设规模的要素，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其中包含农家乐所处的区位、地形和交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通等自然因素及地方规章制度等政策因</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">素。①区位因素。近郊型农家乐用地受</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">限较大，其规模一般较小，而偏远农村</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地区和景区周边的农家乐则规模较大。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">②地形因素。山地城市的宅基地面积标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">准本身就小于平原地区，因此其农家乐</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规模控制应因地制宜。③交通因素。便</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利的交通直接促进农家乐规模的壮大，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如成都三圣花乡距离市中心15km左右，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市民一般驾车前往，随后在省政府 “以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城带乡、构建城乡一体化新格局”的规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划指引下，开通16条直达公交车线路，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更加便捷的交通扩大了客源市场，使该</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地农家乐数量增多、规模扩大。④地方</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政策因素。目前一些地方政府已出台《农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家乐等级划分与评定暂行标准》，从经</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">营场地、接待设施、特色项目、环境保</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">护、安全管理与服务质量等方面对农家</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乐做出星级划分。在规划中可以根据此</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">标准评定结果，采取星级标准与用地规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">模挂钩的方式来控制农家乐的规模，同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">时还可以达到反向刺激服务质量提高的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目的。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(210, 210, 210);margin: -3px 0px;padding: 3px 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.弹性管控</p></section><section style="height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 3px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="width: 5px;height: 5px;float: left;border-radius: 50%;margin-left: 4px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></span> </section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农家乐旅游的淡季和旺季导致其经<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">营模式有短期与长期之分，且前者比后</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">者更为普遍，规划中要弹性处理淡旺季</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的土地利用问题，保证农村土地资源的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">复合利用。例如，成片的农田在淡季种</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">植经济农作物以保证农民日常收入，旺</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">季种植观赏性作物来赚取旅游费用；现</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">代化的农业配套设施用地，如晾晒场、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">粮食和农资临时存放场所等在旺季可改</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为公共停车场用地；此外，短期经营的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建 ( 构 ) 筑物大多是临时性的，规划管</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理时要定期核实各地区的农家乐用地情</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">况，5年以上没有用于休闲农业的土地，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要收回其经营权归集体所用、恢复原状</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">再承包给村民继续耕种。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/sCsIF5GCIRK2ibVJO5ktRt5petq3Bg1tYDNboGZgHWeUqG7ffX1RdWnuRMGG3oGL2aIvuJggUe7H0n92rMTDrZA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;margin-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-top-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);border-right-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);padding: 10px 10px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;margin-top: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(226, 226, 226) 0px 16px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规范化的农家乐用地管理制度是稳<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定农村土地有序流转、实现农村健康经</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">营的客观要求，是加快农村经济发展、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">提高农业竞争力的必然选择，是提高农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业生产率和实现农业现代化的必由之</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">路。本文以政策视角分别从分类标准、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">法律法规、管理制度及城市规划等维度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对我国农家乐土地利用管理问题进行剖</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">析，在借鉴成都市和上海市经验的基础</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上，最终形成“分类统一、制度创新、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划衔接”的解决措施，完善农家乐用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地管理制度，保证农村土地高效配置和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合理利用。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(252, 221, 93);padding: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(100, 100, 100);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2018年03期《规划师》杂志</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：肖莉</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审核：郭敬锋</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2018年03期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我国农家乐用地管理政策的问题及对策</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img 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