国匠城工作台

当前：新闻编辑 | 格式化工具 | 查看本文

/h1

/h2

strong

/strong

<br />

<section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;height: 4em;border-radius: 50%;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhiaMJEs7PqfyWv6IAicNqXk0tWMgPjb4cJqz6IQP6NRZoBKw0TqBheXSPAwQib902jMsu32kCQfvKuA/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhiaMJEs7PqfyWv6IAicNqXk0tWMgPjb4cJqz6IQP6NRZoBKw0TqBheXSPAwQib902jMsu32kCQfvKuA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-left: 1.2em;margin-top: -1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2em;margin-left: 1em;border-bottom-left-radius: 1em;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);max-width: 85% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-left: 1.5em;line-height: 1.5;padding-right: 0.5em;font-size: 11px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点击蓝字关注公众号</p></section></section><section style="float: left;width: 5%;margin-left: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;margin-top: 1.82em;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">深圳市规划国土发展研究中心土地利用所副总规划师</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">刘芳</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，深圳市规划国土发展研究中心副主任规划师</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">刘成明</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，深圳市规划国土发展研究中心土地利用所所长</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">罗罡辉</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2018年第3期撰文，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">非农建设用地制度设计在城市化快速发展过程中，保障了集体经济组织的经济利益和发展权益，是一项较为公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">平的制度安排。随着二次开发的活跃及城市更新对合法用地门槛的限制，非农建设用地产权的完整性、指标的自由可交易</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性及政府的地价优惠等政策支撑性，都进一步加强了非农建设用地与城市更新项目之间的关联度，促进了隐形指标交易流</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">转市场的形成。但是也存在政府和市场混合治理结构下治理的模糊性，且由于政策的多样性，使得指标交易不可避免存在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一定的风险和质疑。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%;height: 5px;background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(156, 94, 21), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) white;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]非农建设用地；城市更新；指标自由交易</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号]1006-0022(2018)03-0047-05　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号]TU981　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码]A</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ] 刘芳，刘成明，罗罡辉．非农建设用地指标在城市更新项目中自由交易的制度思考 [J]．规划师，2018(3)：<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">47-51．</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/aWUZlu9wTibpPibb2iaHEe18wKX5icgUpsA3gVrMqiczAa121gQbPzqNicrjyLMwxUQO1d2eHY64bJU1nrWib9tNkI2ibw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 19px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">历史制度演变<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="line-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(0deg);width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;height: 0.14em;margin: 0px -1em;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="" style="padding: 0px 0.5em;margin: -0.14em 0px -0.21em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>阶段式发展演进<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 第一阶段 (1992 ～ 2007 年 )：<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制度创立，规范管理。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1992 年，宝安区撤县改区，原深</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">圳特区内开始城市化统征工作，同时政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">府要求对原特区外宝安、龙岗两区的土</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地实行“五统一管理模式”，即统一的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划、征用、开发、出让和管理。1993</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">年 7 月 14 日，深圳市人民政府颁布实</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">施《深圳市宝安、龙岗区规划、国土管</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理暂行办法》( 深府 [1993]283 号，以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">下简称“283号文”)，要求依据当时两</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区经济发展的实际状况，以 1993 年 1</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">月1日为时间节点，核算和确定各社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">非农建设用地的总量，并明确了具体划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定标准：“人均100平方米工商用地指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">标；每户100平方米农村居民住宅用地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">指标；每户200平方米划定公共设施用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地，在城市建设规划区范围外的，可按</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">每户 300 平方米计算”。“283 号文”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">开创了非农建设用地管理的先河，也是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">最先明确了指标数量的规范性文件。但</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是，非农建设用地指标什么时间划定、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如何划定，政府并没有明确的要求。因</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此，在实际的操作过程中，截至 20 世</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">纪末期，各区划定的非农建设用地指标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">数量较少，且仅落实了部分非农工商发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展用地。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着城市化进程的加快，土地资产<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">属性越来越显著，为了获取更大的土地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">增值收益，在规划国土管理机制缺乏有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">效监管的前提下，原特区外违法建筑遍</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地开花，土地资源在极其有限的前提下</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">被进一步瓜分。2004 年，原特区外开</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">始城市化转地工作，并在《深圳市宝安</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">龙岗两区城市化土地管理办法》( 深府</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[2004]102 号 ) 中要求以特区外城市化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">时间点 (2004 年 3 月 31 日 ) 为节点，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进一步延续和落实非农建设用地指标的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划定工作。第二次非农建设用地划定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">工作有如下几个特点：①指标标准延续</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1993年“283号文”要求，并规定已经</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">按照“283 号文”划定的继受单位和个</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人不再另行划定非农建设用地；②取消</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市建设规划区范围外每户 300m2公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共设施用地指标的规定；③各区制定了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">相应的操作性规范，严格推进和强化非</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农建设用地指标的划定，特殊情况除外。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综上所述，城市化统征 ( 转 ) 地以来，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">老宝安片区经历了两次非农建设用地指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">标的划定，老龙岗片区经历了1993年、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1998年及 2004年三次非农建设用地指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">标划定工作。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为加强非农建设用地的规范管理工<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作，加强和改善土地调控，严格按照国</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有土地政策和制度进行确权管理，2007</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">年市政府要求宝安、龙岗两区建立大非</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农意义上的建设用地台账。至此，特</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区外原农村集体经济组织土地利用情况</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">才纳入规范化管理的进程。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从产权性质看，非农建设用地和广<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">东省征地具有相同的内涵。产权经济学</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">认为用地完整产权是指资产拥有者对其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资产有排他的使用权、收益的独享权及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自由的转让权，完整的产权有利于交易</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">费用的降低及交易的有效进行。产权残</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">缺是指对一种物品、资产或资源的控制</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">权与收益权相分离的现象。按照一般理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">解，产权包含所有权、使用权、收益权</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和转让权，其中所有权、使用权和转让</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">权合称为控制权。《广东省征收农村集</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体土地留用地管理办法(试行)的通知》</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(粤府办[2009]41号)第二条规定：“留</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用地的使用权及其收益全部归该农村集</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体经济组织所有”。留用地作为原农村</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集体的安置用地，有排他的使用权和收</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">益的独享权，以及自由的转让权。近年</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来，国家鼓励探索集体经营性建设用地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">入市流转制度，支持实现集体土地与国</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有土地的“同地、同权和同价”，留用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地产权的完整性更加得以稳定。因此，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于原农村集体经济组织而言，留用地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是一种完整的产权。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 第二阶段 (2007 ～ 2011 年 )：<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">构建机制，入市流转。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">早期，政府通过内部会议纪要形式<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">支持非农工商用地指标入市流转，俗称</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合作建房，会议纪要约定“集体必须留</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">足30％的指标自用、投资方自有资金达</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">到项目预算总投资的35％，按照建筑面</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">积收取市场地价的10％”，政府扶持集</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体经济发展的思想依然较为浓厚。集体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自用非农建设用地无年期约定、无地价</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">缴纳要求；集体入市流转的非农建设用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地的合同虽然有年期限制，但是对于土</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地所有权归属、到期续期等制度并没有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">明确的约定，在一定程度上为后续的集</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体建设用地管理留下了空间。2011年，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市政府出台《深圳市原农村集体经济组</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">织非农建设用地和征地返还用地土地使</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用权交易若干规定的通知》(深府〔2011〕</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">198 号 )，第一次通过规范性文件的形</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">式明确了非农建设用地土地使用权入市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">流转规则，允许通过招标、拍卖、挂</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">牌的方式进行交易，并对地价等做了规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定。在非农建设用地制度形成、划定、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">落地和管理的历史过程中，区政府起到</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">了积极主导作用，规划国土职能部门基</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本撤出对非农建设用地管理的政策制定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">环节。根据广东省留用地的定义，留用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地性质为工业用地，深圳将土地用途扩</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展为工商用地，并根据规划用途不同确</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定工业和商业用途之间 65 折的比例折</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">算，但这一比例和用途折算并未在市政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">府层面予以确认，由各区执行。此外，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在市政府拆迁赔偿和安置置换的各项政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">策中，均鼓励通过经济补偿的方式来解</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">决拆迁和调整置换问题，但对于非农建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设用地仍然保留产权置换的权利。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从经济功能的角度看，产权并不是<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一般的物质实体，也不完全是法律意义</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上的权利界定，而是指人们对物的使用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">所引起的相互认可的行为关系；它用来</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">界定人民在经济活动中如何受益、如何</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">受损，以及他们之间如何进行补偿的规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">则。一种土地制度是否有效，不在于由</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">谁拥有土地，而是在于土地能否自由交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">易。从非农建设用地入市流转的政策规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定，到拆迁补偿过程中，仅允许非农建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设用地进行产权置换，可见集体对非农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设用地拥有完整的占有、使用、收益</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和处分的权利。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)第三阶段 (2011年至今 )：指标<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">交易，权益扩展。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以龙岗区 2011 年非农建设用地管<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理调整和置换管理规定为时间节点，代</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">表非农指标进入指标交易阶段。2014年，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《关于加强和改进城市更新实施工作的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">暂行措施》对原集体历史用地 (未完善</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">征、转地手续的违建用地 ) 利益分配政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">策的突破，加快了城市更新项目的推进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">力度，同时更新单元需要满足具有一定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">比例合法用地的门槛，这些都进一步强</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化了非农建设用地的市场价值。根据市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">场经验，非农建设用地工业用地的价值</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在 0.4 ～ 1.5 万元 / 平方米，且市场交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">易较为活跃。每一块土地的背后，都是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一个多方利益的复杂博弈，土地资源紧</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">缺的深圳尤为明显。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">加强非农建设用地后续管理，保障<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划的实施，促进节约集约用地，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">维护社区股份公司合法权益成为非农建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设用地管理的主旋律，政府均鼓励通过</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市更新、整村统筹等方式解决非农问</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">题。非农建设用地之所以成为市场的逐</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利对象，且能快速地形成隐形市场，从</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集体的角度而言，需要规划功能较好的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地块去落实非农指标、实现其更大的利</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">益；从开发商角度而言，一是非农建设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用地是集体的合法完整产权用地，受政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">府权利干预较少，有更加优惠的政策支</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">持；二是非农地价优惠程度较高，极大</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地降低了开发商运营成本。允许非农指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">标的跨社区流转，使得非农建设用地指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">标演化为承载原集体权益的“地票”，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">形成隐形“地票”市场。指标的跨社区、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">跨街道调整，更大地获取了因区位差异</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而带来的土地增值收益，在留用地指标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划定中尚未有先例。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">非农建设用地是农民发展权益的补<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">偿，调整纳入城市更新，通过发展权的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">转移实现了权益的兑现。政府鼓励非农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设用地地块规划为公共利益时，积极</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进行非农建设用地的调整。在保护公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">配套设施用地开发的同时，异地实现非</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农建设用地的权益。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>政策绩效评估<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">非农建设用地指标是城市化征、转<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地过程中，政府对原集体和原村民的重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要补偿方式，承载着保障原集体和村民</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的利益诉求、生存需求和未来发展空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的重要职责，是一项公平公正的制度安</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">排，得到广泛认可。由于市场化程度的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">提高，政府最大可能地创立平台、将其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">推进入市，规范流转、保障农民利益，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">使非农建设用地利益最大化，同时规范</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国有建设用地管理市场。2012年之后，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着城市更新的制度突破，土地的市场</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化程度向纵深发展，各类集体土地的盘</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活、历史遗留用地的处理政策异常活跃，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政出多门、频繁修改的态势在加剧，非</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农建设用地作为集体政策中的“尚方宝</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">剑”更是进入了新一轮政策的演化期，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">跨社区调整、扩大比例规模、已建拆除</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">调未建、指标落地后重新抽离和土地用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">途变更等现象达到历史顶点。此种做法</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">虽然满足了城市建设发展的需要，但是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">也隐藏着一定的隐患，甚至被市场戏称</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为“万能漂白剂”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资产的专用性与交易的不确定性是<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">决定组织治理结构的关键因素，专用性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和不确定性的程度越高，交易费用就会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">越大。非农建设用地指标管理和流转，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">采用政府和市场混合的治理模式，套用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">了行政许可外壳下的活跃的市场交易模</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">式。其通过行政程序来完成交易的本质，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">部分体现为私下的勾兑，部分以货币化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的市场来实现；部分指标在社区和市场</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">之间完成交易，部分指标在社区之间甚</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">至街道之间完成交易。混合治理结构以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行政管制和调配为主，以市场交易为辅，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这种交易同时夹杂着市场与行政的治理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">模式，导致政府和市场边界难以理清。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">虽然说各区制定调整规则试图通过降低</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市场交易费用促进政策的实施安排，但</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是 10 个行政辖区政策的难以统一和相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">互攀比，以及区政府的政策制定权限等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">问题都隐含着一定的风险，也遭到社会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">质疑。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="line-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(0deg);width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;height: 0.14em;margin: 0px -1em;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/aWUZlu9wTibpPibb2iaHEe18wKX5icgUpsA3gVrMqiczAa121gQbPzqNicrjyLMwxUQO1d2eHY64bJU1nrWib9tNkI2ibw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;padding-right: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px -6px -9px auto;border-right: 2px solid rgb(13, 0, 21);border-top: 2px solid rgb(13, 0, 21);height: 16px;width: 16px;border-bottom-color: rgb(13, 0, 21);border-left-color: rgb(13, 0, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);padding: 0px 6px;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市更新中指标的自由交易规则<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和风险隐患</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(132, 81, 21);padding: 10px;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>规则设立<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 规划计划优先：捆绑指标的落<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实和推进城市更新项目的实施。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">各区政策均规定，已纳入城市更新</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">年度计划且通过专项规划审查的城市更</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新项目方可调入非农建设用地指标；注</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">销原有用地方案图，签订合同时核减相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">应的指标，并以公文的形式明确调入的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面积和坐标，从程序上保证双方意愿的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">达成。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 区位调整获取级差地租：允许</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">跨社区、跨街道，扩大倍数调整。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">除宝安区以外，其他行政区划均允</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">许非农指标跨社区纳入城市更新项目。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">龙岗区规定已建成用地中属于公共管理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与服务设施用地、交通或者公共设施用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地的，允许按照1︰1.5比例规模纳入；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空地或拆除为空地的，按照原批准用地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规模的 1.5 倍核定调入面积；坪山区按</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">照原用地规模的 1 ︰ 1.3 核定面积。虽</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">然说各区对非农建设用地指标是否可以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">跨社区、是否可以扩大面积、是否可拆</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">除后按空地指标调整、现状为公共利</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">益用地的是否可扩大规模比例的要求不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同，但均表现为支持的程度差异，而非</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对事情本身的认可度。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 发展权转移利益实现：非农公<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建指标转化为非农工商用地指标。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在城市化发展的过程中，社区管<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理和公共治理融为一体，社会服务和公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建配套由政府统一规划及建设，因此非</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农公建用地指标均没有单独划定，而是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过捆绑非农工商用地的配套用地来实</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现。基于历史的情况，如宝安区原农村</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集体经济组织将一定面积的土地 (坡度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大于 25 度不作为建设用地的园地、山</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">林地等除外 ) 及其地上建 ( 构 ) 筑物理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">清相应经济关系后无偿移交政府的，可</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以按移交土地面积的一半将公共设施用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地指标重新分摊确认为工商用地指标，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分摊后实行总量控制，工商用地指标中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">所含的公共设施用地指标不得超过原公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共设施用地总指标的50％；公共配套用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地指标转化为工商用地指标后，调整置</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">换和纳入城市更新项目根据非农工商用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地指标管理规定执行。大鹏新区规定，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不区分非农公建指标，原农村集体经济</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">组织实施城市更新的，可申请将非农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设用地指标落实或调整至城市更新项</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目。虽然说仅有少数区域允许公配指标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">向工商用地指标转化，但表明此种做法</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是可行的。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(4) 集体决策同意：多数决制度下<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的股东代表大会通过。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集体决策是处置集体资产的主要方<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">式，多数决制度更容易通过多数对抗少</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">数的方式促进某项交易的达成。对于集</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体资产的处置，各行政区管理政策均要</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">求，经股东代表 2/3以上表决通过后，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方可决定非农指标的处置情况，且相关</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">内容需要通过资产评估方式确定资产价</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">值，在一定范围内公示，并获得集体资</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">产部门审查。公司章程和表决制度的构</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建，体现了集体经济组织是一个高度结</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合在一起的一个特殊利益集团。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>风险隐患<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 区位调整进一步扩大了级差地<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">租绝对值，也增加了社区投机的动力。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有史以来，无论从非农的划定、落</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地和开发利用都仅允许在行政社区内部</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">完成，以体现政策保护社区长远利益的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出发点。允许非农指标抽离后调入城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更新项目，是在市场利益驱使下政策的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进一步演变，从“等面积”向“等价值”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">变化。但是由于大量违法建设的存在，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">村集体对土地的实质控制权及社区内部</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的土地利用问题都难以解决，指标的异</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地腾挪加剧了接受区域的承载压力，社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区在市场力量的驱使下，也会变得更加</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">投机，违背了非农制度本身保障本社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经济发展的制度设计的本意。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)指标比例的倍数放大，打破了“空<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间和利益空间锁定”的要求。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">按照既定的政策，非农指标不仅有<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用途的区别，还有容积率限定的要求，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">也就是说一块非农用地，可以按照法定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图则进行开发建设，地价根据开发强度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区间进行优惠。例如，工业类用地按照</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公告基准地价的10％缴纳地价；居住、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">商业和办公用地，建筑容积率在 3.2 以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">下部分，按照公告基准地价10％缴纳地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">价，3.2 ～ 4.5 之间缴纳 30％的公告基</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">准地价，4.5 以上缴纳全额公告基准地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">价。允许非农工商用地面积在原有基础</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上扩大 30％～ 50％后，调整纳入城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更新项目，变相扩大非农权益，覆盖合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">法外用地面积，打破制度约束，随着土</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地面积的扩大，地价优惠的绝对值也成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">倍增长。因此，指标是否可以扩大比例，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成为各区争论和相互观望的焦点。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 土地政策的多样化，加剧了<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">指标抽离后已建成区拆迁补偿实施的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">难度。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">拆迁补偿是二次开发的难点和关键<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">环节，完全依靠市场谈判的拆迁补偿形</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">式，使得政府难以作为。对于已落地指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">标抽离后原有地块的拆迁补偿方式，各</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区的处理方式主要为：按照城市化转地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">补偿标准，完善补偿手续后移交市政府；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集体保留使用，规划实施时，仅给予货</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">币补偿；或者对地上建筑物按照重置价</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进行补偿后纳入储备。表面上看来，似</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乎都给予了合理路径安排，但实际上，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">转地补偿标准的难以实施，国有储备地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上的违建、保留使用后形成的集体事实</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">占有以及重置价补偿单独实施的不可行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">都是现实面临的困境。此外，无论是违</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建的处理或是推进未完善征 ( 转 ) 地手</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">续用地的入市流转 ( 所谓的“1+6”政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">策处理 )，政府都另外给予了更为宽泛</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的疏导路径。也就是说，如果不统筹考</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">虑解决问题，抽离后的地块可以通过更</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多的方式形成事实占有，政府仅针对不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同类型用地给予利益优惠，而不通过统</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">筹管理核算方式理清政府与集体经济组</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">织的关系，变相造成了对土地使用权既</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定事实的认可。可见，深圳市政府实际</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上对原集体土地政策给予了较为宽松的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政策，试图从多个角度和维度去化解历</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">史遗留问题，但政出多门、政策立场和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">角度不同，加之缺乏统筹性，选择的多</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">样化加剧了土地问题解决的难度。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(4) 同样权属性质的用地拥有同样<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">权利的推论，扰乱土地市场。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">无论从广东省的征地留用地的立法<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本意，或是深圳市对征地返还地和非农</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">工商用地的管理，从政策角度都给予了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">权利同等对待。近年来，从土地整备制</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度利益共享政策看，不仅创新了留用地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的补偿方式，还逐步扩大了留用地的比</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">例规模 (15％变为 20％ )，甚至因为社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">会的接受程度较低，直接取消了利益分</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成和物业返还的补偿方式，也就是说留</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用地已成为新时期二次开发利益谈判中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的最有利和唯一有效的筹码。首先，征</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地返还地和非农建设用地均是政府给集</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体的留用地，与土地整备的留用地概念、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性质都一致；其次，土地整备作为理顺</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政府与集体土地问题的制度安排，已扩</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大了留用地的规模。那么，按照同类权</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">属性质用地拥有同样权利的推理，未来</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">调整纳入城市更新的指标就会非常庞</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大，不但扰乱了一、二级土地开发市场，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而且对政府土地管理也造成了冲击。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/aWUZlu9wTibpPibb2iaHEe18wKX5icgUpsA3gVrMqiczAa121gQbPzqNicrjyLMwxUQO1d2eHY64bJU1nrWib9tNkI2ibw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;padding-right: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px -6px -9px auto;border-right: 2px solid rgb(13, 0, 21);border-top: 2px solid rgb(13, 0, 21);height: 16px;width: 16px;border-bottom-color: rgb(13, 0, 21);border-left-color: rgb(13, 0, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);padding: 0px 6px;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">优化非农指标调整与推进城市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更新的政策建议</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="line-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(0deg);width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;height: 0.14em;margin: 0px -1em;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="" style="padding: 0px 0.5em;margin: -0.14em 0px -0.21em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>统一各区政策，强化非农管理<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2007 年以来，深圳市政府仅在非<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农建设用地土地使用权入市方面有统一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的政策规范，随着市场的深入发展，非</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农旧改的原地开发、城市更新范围内非</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农用地开发及非农指标调整市场二次流</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">转机制的形成，政府均未出台及时有效</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的政策，导致非农后续管理“一区一策”，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">难以协调统一，甚至因新的行政区的建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">立而造成后续政策的异化。市场不仅需</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要了解市政府政策的原则性规定，而且</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更加需要了解各区政策的规定，对于一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">个用地单位而言，存在多个项目因位置</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同而导致政策和执行不同的情况，不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">仅挑战了市场对政府公权力的判断，还</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">增加了内耗成本。此外，需进一步明确</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">土地整备留用地补偿的边界、范围及权</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利内涵等内容，是否与非农工商用地同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等权利。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>明确指标内涵，规范市场流转<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从国家层面的法律、法规到地方的<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规范性文件，均明确要求非农“一户一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">栋”私宅和非农工商用地指标不可流转，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">但在实际操作过程中，部分区域通过</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">50％比例折算的方式将非农公建指标转</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化为工商用地指标，实质上变相增加了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">工商用地指标的数额。在城市化过程中，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">非农公建配套所起的作用实质上由地方</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政府进行了承担，政府对社区的道路、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公园、老年活动中心、菜市场、文化体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">育设施等公建配套设施均投入较大的财</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">力和倾斜性政策，社区基本无需进行社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区配套的投入。因此，应严格遵守各项</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公共政策制定的初衷，明确指标内涵，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">禁止指标间的相互转化，统筹政府对于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集体的支持发展性政策和违建合法化政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">策，构建公平、公正、公开的建设用地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市场。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>约束交易前提，降低投机行为<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集体之所以愿意指标抽离流转，主<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要是因为抽离后原有用地无论是已建、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">未建，居住、商业还是办公用地，均不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">影响该地块的继续使用及土地建筑物的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实际收益。强制性约束机制欠缺、监管</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">机制欠缺及政策出路多样化等，都进一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">步加强了集体对土地的实质控制权。指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">标交易后，原有地块变为未完善征(转)</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地手续的未建设用地 (地上建筑物拆除</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">后，政府认可为未建设用地)，根据《深</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">圳市未完善征 ( 转 ) 地补偿手续用地流</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">转管理办法》，可以与政府利益分成后</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">入市流转。因此，地方政府在允许指标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自由交易、扩大指标交易范围、增加级</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">差地租分享收益的情况下，更加应该对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">指标交易的门槛、交易后原地的收回和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">补偿，以及必须纳入储备后等各项工作</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">完成后再实施，降低原集体和市场的投</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">机行为。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="line-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(0deg);width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;height: 0.14em;margin: 0px -1em;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/aWUZlu9wTibpPibb2iaHEe18wKX5icgUpsA3gVrMqiczAa121gQbPzqNicrjyLMwxUQO1d2eHY64bJU1nrWib9tNkI2ibw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 226, 224);background-position: 233.929% 1.8202%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 107.589%;background-attachment: scroll;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/CEdIxzkCaYrZqgcMCPNyA2Mib0ZuibW3ALysZCdstem8Uv0srnaprvlBvNbic7Ly16JfCKLMkFrUFtzdMpD4XRtuA/640?wx_fmt=png");box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2018年03期《规划师》杂志</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：肖莉</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：郭敬锋</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 1.5em;margin-bottom: -35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px;width: 100%;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》杂志2018年03期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">非农建设用地指标在城市更新项目中自由</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">交易的制度思考</span></strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">》</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/aWUZlu9wTibpPibb2iaHEe18wKX5icgUpsA3gVrMqiczAa121gQbPzqNicrjyLMwxUQO1d2eHY64bJU1nrWib9tNkI2ibw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="" style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 100%;margin: -12px 0px;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107);box-sizing: border-box;">声明</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社微信公众订阅号（ID：）为非盈利新媒体平台，所有转发的非原创图文来源于互联网及新媒体渠道，如果所转发图文作者或其他版权所有人认为违反了您的权益，请告知我们，我们会在24小时内删除。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 100%;margin-top: 1em;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section> <section style="float: right;margin-top: -2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-bottom: 1px;margin-left: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-left: 8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;margin-right: 18px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 24px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/aWUZlu9wTibpPibb2iaHEe18wKX5icgUpsA3gVrMqiczAa121gQbPzqNicrjyLMwxUQO1d2eHY64bJU1nrWib9tNkI2ibw/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhiaMJEs7PqfyWv6IAicNqXk0tWMgPjb4cJqz6IQP6NRZoBKw0TqBheXSPAwQib902jMsu32kCQfvKuA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 0px;border-right: 10px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);display: inline-block;margin-top: 1em;vertical-align: top;border-top: 6px solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 6px solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);padding: 8px;border-radius: 8px;max-width: 90% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志近期文章推荐</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（点击蓝字可打开链接）</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;padding-left: 0.45em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);padding: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">【规划师论坛6】传统规划设计院建设新型智库的路径探讨<br  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">【规划师论坛5】问题导向下的陕西规划智库建设探索<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">【规划师论坛4】新型智库建设与省级规划设计院转型应对策略<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">【规划师论坛3】机制创新与模式变革：规划设计院建设新型智库的思考<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">【规划师论坛2】基于功能性和组织性解构与重构的规划院转型研究<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">【规划师论坛1】新型智库建设背景下城乡规划行业转型发展的思考</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 0px;margin-left: -0.45em;border-top: 1em solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhiaMJEs7PqfyWv6IAicNqXk0HM5ZBHlNqIY1efMv15U2osphR8blVcOcf1mo0rkicrb2pBqPLGmiaLeg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">识别图中二维码进入微店购买《规划师》杂志</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;border-width: 0px;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhiaMJEs7PqfyWv6IAicNqXk0kr5YbVicic7un6UxjFHaOmoa8JHao8CwbChgc6qkQ3YG26Jfp7n3VyFA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                               </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</span></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</span></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</span></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</span></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/ZxV71betnzVs7uRAleDxXicZ0IIcQPdlXzdiaRvfHAq4zox3dLsORxicB3fvEasSdJmrdLGCGWxzCMic3LMvPvfXibQ/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: 1.2602% 100.746%;background-repeat: repeat-x;background-size: 76.798%;background-attachment: scroll;padding: 10px 10px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 61.8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: -10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更</p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多</p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">精</p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">彩</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">请猛戳右边二维码</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 38.2%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公众号ID</p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhiaMJEs7PqfyWv6IAicNqXk0L5OVtrXJmdI6jiagRt5a24WLJVL32bUJVCKE9kDiaBOk1OOkrL8uOrcA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-gulangu V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section>
                <br />