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<section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;height: 4em;border-radius: 50%;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miakYQH4e7kRMjS6g6cZXzsJp3qa6gHOwJCyuaQBq09yDniaPTWOD7syfibyS9ydKyXRbGqMoYg4iax3Q/0?wx_fmt=png");background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miakYQH4e7kRMjS6g6cZXzsJp3qa6gHOwJCyuaQBq09yDniaPTWOD7syfibyS9ydKyXRbGqMoYg4iax3Q/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-left: 1.2em;margin-top: -1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2em;margin-left: 1em;border-bottom-left-radius: 1em;border-left: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);max-width: 85% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-left: 1.5em;line-height: 1.5;padding-right: 0.5em;font-size: 11px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主题：包容性城市与规划关怀</p></section></section><section style="float: left;width: 5%;margin-left: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;margin-top: 1.82em;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 5em;transform: rotate(-25deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(-25deg);-moz-transform: rotate(-25deg);-o-transform: rotate(-25deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);width: 5em;margin: 2.45em 0px -0.5em 3.3em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: block;float: left;padding: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);line-height: 1;margin-right: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">【编者按】</p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: block;padding-top: 5px;min-height: 4.5em !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(173, 37, 74);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">伴随着经济高速发展，城市内部的社会阶层分化开始显现，社会贫富差距不断扩大，并具有明显的空间属性。在此<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">背景下，基于社会公平正义理念的包容性城市规划与建设逐渐受到各界关注。围绕包容发展，在理论、方法和实践等领域探讨</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城乡规划如何维护与促进社会公平正义，体现规划的人文关怀，具有重要的现实意义。本期“规划师论坛”栏目以“包容性城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市与规划关怀”为主题，在分析包容性规划逻辑起点、价值取向与编制模式的基础上，从城市绿地规划、城市街道规划、集宿</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区公共空间营造及社区环境微改造等方面探讨包容性城市视角下的规划思路与方法，以期为读者们提供有益参考。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/zToNUTCsHD5PXprGPGYLz1g1tgFkfbrib1GN5vV9DGGcXNBMR1UZlT2Wib7vPB8alSlOfic3Rnv28rvoNVR1L1icvQ/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/4ucXYmLLg092SribDncWoJic1Bibqz6tSJQNyldz5pgdvgpYjLvw6OZuTj4FRDBf3EUSn4CtDsPXsibCe4zTzRoF6A/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【规划师论坛1】</strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">包容性规划的逻辑起点、价值取向与编制模式</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>杭州市政协城建人资环委主任，英国皇家注册规划师，中国城市规划实施学术委员会委员何明俊<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2017年第9期撰文，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着城市化进程的不断推进，空间中的不平衡发展和不包容所带来的社会问题逐步显现。为改变这种空间不平衡、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不包容的发展状态，《国家新型城镇化规划(2014—2020年)》提出了建设包容性城市的发展目标，这必然涉及包容性规划。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文章分析了城市化进程中空间不平衡、不包容的问题，基于空间平等与空间正义的角度，从逻辑起点、价值取向与编制模式</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等方面探讨了以政府行动规划为主要内容的包容性规划。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%;height: 5px;background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(103, 18, 40), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) white;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]包容性城市；包容性规划；空间平等；空间正义；行动规划</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号]1006-0022(2017)09-0005-06　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号]TU984　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码]A</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[引文格式]何明俊．包容性规划的逻辑起点、价值取向与编制模式[J]．规划师，2017(9)：5-10．</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/4ucXYmLLg092SribDncWoJic1Bibqz6tSJQNyldz5pgdvgpYjLvw6OZuTj4FRDBf3EUSn4CtDsPXsibCe4zTzRoF6A/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;padding: 5px 10px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"> </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">包容性规划的提出<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-top: none rgb(103, 18, 40);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>市场经济与社会分层<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着社会经济的发展，社会阶层<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不断分化，形成了一个多元的社会。而</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社会分层则是人类社会发展中的普遍现</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">象，是市场机制的产物，也是市场活力</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的基础。市场机制是一种激励型、竞争</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">型的资源配置机制，通过竞争提高资源</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">配置效率、改变财富分配的态势。市场</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">机制的这种特征对社会发展产生了两个</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方面的作用：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其一是改变了社会结构固化的态<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">势。在市场机制条件下，由于个人的才</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">智、所受的教育和所从事的职业不同，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以及所获得的利益、地位的差别和不均</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等，导致社会财富分配的差距。在此背</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">景下，个人只要通过努力，总是存在改</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">变自己阶层的机会，但是由于种种原因，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">也存在所处阶层进一步下滑的可能。此</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">外，受产权、个人禀赋和劳动效果等的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同影响，在竞争状态下，贫富之间的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">差距会进一步扩大，这也是推动社会经</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">济发展的基本动力。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其二是由于社会分层体现的是对资<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">源和财产占有的差异，这必然会造成个</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体与个体、群体与群体之间的发展和生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">存方式的差异，进而导致价值观念的不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同，引发利益和价值观的冲突。这种冲</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">突不仅表现在日常生活中，还表现在城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市空间的建构过程中，并在城市化的背</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">景下形成了空间极化、空间贫困现象，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">甚至为了有限资源的配置，出现了相互</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">竞争和相互排斥的状况。潘弘祥认为，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“社会分层的实质，是基于社会权力、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社会资源的占有和分配所形成的社会地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">位之间的不平等关系”。如果这种不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">平等的关系继续扩大，必然会引发社会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">矛盾，甚至成为发展中的“陷阱”，威</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">胁社会秩序。因此，为了维护社会秩序，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在保障社会经济活力的同时，必然要关</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">注由社会分层诱发的社会问题。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>城市化进程中的空间问题<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前，在城市化进程中，由社会分<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">层带来的“城市中的社会矛盾、阶层分</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化、社会隔离、群体冲突等问题逐渐凸</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">显” 。这些问题不仅是福利性或是一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">般性的扶贫问题，还在空间上形成了新</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的表现形式。虽然中国城市化进程中的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间冲突与西方不一致，但目前至少有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">三个方面的问题受到社会广泛关注：进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">入城市的权利、城市更新中的空间分异</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和空间贫困。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 进入城市的权利是勒菲弗提出<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的概念。他认为，“进入都市的权利，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">也就是进入都市生活、人文环境与新型</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">民主环境的权力” 。实际上，进入城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市的权利是人们在城市得以公平发展的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资格与主张，核心是进入城市的个体或</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">群体可以居住、生活和工作于城市。在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国的城市化进程中，农村人口大量向</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市迁移，并形成了庞大的民工潮。目</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">前，我国农民工数量已超过 2 亿人，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">已经成为城市社会群体中的重要组成部</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分。然而，农民工面临的问题十分突出，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其在经济、政治和文化方面的权益得不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">到有效保障，诸如工资偏低、劳动时间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">长、安全条件差和缺乏社会保障，在培</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">训就业、子女上学和生活居住等方面也</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">存在诸多困难，甚至受到社会的排斥和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">歧视，长期处于所谓的“半城市化”状态，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进入城市的权利未能完全实现。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 第二方面的问题则涉及城市更<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新。受房价等多种因素的影响，低收入</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">阶层逐步迁入城市的边缘区，形成了中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国特有的空间分异现象。许叶萍等人认</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为，“排位越前的阶层越是处于或靠近</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同心圆的中心，排位越后的阶层越是处</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">于或靠近边缘”，而城市更新则加快</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">了这一进程。随着城市更新的推进，我</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国的空间分异现象逐步显现。在对南京</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">6907个外迁安置家庭属性数据进行分</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">析后，汪毅等学者认为，在城市更新中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">心的侵入与接替中，低收入人群被动外</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">迁与内城绅士化并行；在重塑城市空间、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">改善城市环境的同时，低收入阶层与弱</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">势群体被转移到更远的地方；在低收入</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">阶层外迁的同时存在大量弱势群体的空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间集聚现象，从而引发空间分异与空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">极化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 城市贫困人口逐渐聚集在某些<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">特定区域，形成第三方面的问题—— 空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间贫困。城市贫困人口的生活问题，是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一个世界性的问题。一般认为，经济方</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面的贫困往往导致地位的低下和健康、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">教育、居住等方面投入的缺乏。在现阶</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">段的中国，社会转型对人们的生活产生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">了巨大冲击，形成了由下岗职工、失业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人员、农民工和外地打工者组成的城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“贫困”人群。随着拆迁安置政策的落</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实，贫困居民由城市中心迁移到边缘地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区、由相对分散到相对集中。由于基本</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的公共服务设施供给不足，贫困人群在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间上的集聚过程中产生了许多社会问</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">题。慈勤英等人认为，“内城区贫困空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间剥夺式重构过程中，城市优势区位的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">丧失有可能导致贫困家庭的交通、就业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与生活成本增加，贫困子女不能接受最</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">好的教育，降低创造收入的能力和机会，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">向上流动机会减少”。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>包容性规划的引入<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市化进程中的这些问题，实质上<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">反映的是城市发展是否包容、每个人在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市化进程中是否享受到城市化带来的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成果。《国家新型城镇化规划 (2014—</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2020年)》提出了“推进农民工融入企业、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">子女融入学校、家庭融入社区、群体融</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">入社会，建设包容性城市”的发展目标，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包含两层含义：①在目前的城市化进程</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中存在着包容性问题；②为解决城市化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进程中的包容性问题，政府应发挥积极</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作用。可见，建设包容性城市已成为解</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">决上述三个方面问题的行动纲领。而要</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设包容性城市，首先涉及塑造城市空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间的管治制度 ——城市规划。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传统的城市规划是一种关注物质<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">形态的规划制度，城市化进程中的包容</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性问题的产生正是对城市规划无价值观</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的体现，或是由城市规划的价值观“错</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">位”所导致的。石楠等人认为，“包容</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性应该成为城乡规划工作的一个核心价</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">值” ，即通过规划或一系列公共政策</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对个体或集体的行为进行引导和规范，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">营造共享、公平、正义的城市生活环境</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和以人为本的空间秩序。城市规划不仅</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是对城市性质、规模、布局和功能的论</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">证，而且一开始就应将公平正义的价值</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">观嵌入到对城市规划的布局和功能的论</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">证之中。因此，建设包容性城市，不仅</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">应当重塑城市规划的价值体系，实现城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市规划的转型，还应进一步引入包容性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划，从空间关系角度思考人的基本价</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">值与人的全面发展，并通过包容性规划，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为解决城市化进程中的包容性问题提供</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">战略目标与规划方法。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/4ucXYmLLg092SribDncWoJic1Bibqz6tSJQNyldz5pgdvgpYjLvw6OZuTj4FRDBf3EUSn4CtDsPXsibCe4zTzRoF6A/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);margin: -8px 5px 0px -5px;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二 </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">包容性规划的逻辑起点<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="line-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(0deg);width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;height: 0.14em;margin: 0px -1em;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="" style="padding: 0px 0.5em;margin: -0.14em 0px -0.21em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>政府在包容性城市建设中的作用<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本质上，城市化进程中非包容性现<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">象的出现都是市场机制失效在空间上表</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现出来的结果。由于市场不完全、市场</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">信息不对称的存在，在城市化进程中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市场失效的问题主要表现在三个方面：</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">①市场机制无法将外部性问题内部化；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">②市场机制不能提供公共产品；③市场</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">机制导致分配不公正等问题。例如，进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">入城市的权利体现在城市化进程中过度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">依赖市场机制，而在社会保障及培训就</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业、子女上学等公共服务方面，市场机</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制则常常失灵；城市更新中的空间分异</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">则是由于高房价的存在，市场机制将低</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">收入阶层推向郊外；空间贫困产生的原</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因既有低收入阶层在空间上的集中，又</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有公共设施等方面配置的不均等。可见，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市场机制的缺陷，需要政府的积极作为，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以弥补市场机制的失灵。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在美国，包容性规划不仅立足于提<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">供物质性的可支付住房，而且“反映了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现代规制国家早已不再局限于经济效率</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的价值判断，而趋于重视‘社会团结’</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等非经济价值因素” 。包容性规划的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">引入，表明了政府给付行为的扩张。在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容性发展的背景下，政府应当通过城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市规划或公共政策矫正市场机制在空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上的表现，促进空间生产中的正义。在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">南非格鲁特布姆案的判决中，法院认为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“国家的义务就是制定这样的规划，包</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">括专门用来‘为那些既无土地又无住房</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的人，以及生活在恶劣条件或危险情况</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">下的人提供救济’的合理措施” 。因</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此，政府应该在包容性发展中发挥积极</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的作用，要纠正市场机制带来的外在性、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不确定性的影响，为城市发展提供更加</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容的基础设施、公共设施保障、住房</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保障体系及更加公平的城市生活环境。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span>包容性城市<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">虽然包容性发展尚未获得广泛的一<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">致意见，但学界在如下几个方面已形成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共识：①改善不平等或收入分配状态；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">②扩展社会各阶层特别是弱势群体获得</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展的机会；③提高社会各阶层特别是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">弱势群体参与增长过程的能力；④确保</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社会各阶层特别是弱势群体公平地享有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">增长成果</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。相应的，这也体现了包</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">容性城市的三个基本特征：①人民的城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市。人民是整体性的概念，人民的城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">就是以人民为中心全面发展及全民参与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共同发展的城市。人民的城市要保持多</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">元性，而这多元的城市则是各个阶层的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利益共同体。②共融的城市。这是指在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市中相互包容，强调和平共处、相互</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容和共同发展。包容不仅指消极包容，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更重要的是积极包容。其中，消极包容</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是不排斥、不敌对、不冲突，而积极包</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">容则是指“人格尊严、发展机会和可行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">能力”  。③共享的城市，即成果共享，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包含了机会的平等与城市发展成果的共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">享。联合国人居署近期发布的《新城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">议程》提出，“城市和人类住区应该是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">机会平等和使人们能够过上健康、有益</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和充实的生活场所”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容性城市的这三个基本特征不仅<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">表现在一般性的社会福利、发展机会等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方面，还表现在居住、公共设施的空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">布局及社会融合等方面，包括：①提供</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保障性住房。这是包容性城市建设的首</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要问题，因为能够获得可承受或可支付</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的住房是实现进入城市权利的基础。因</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此，包容性城市不仅要考虑保障性住房</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的数量问题，更重要的是要考虑其区位</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与布局问题，因为它可以影响社会融合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的建设。②接近公共设施。一般的公众</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和弱势群体是否可以方便地到达学校、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公共交通、医疗卫生等设施，这不仅影</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">响他们享受社会福利的权利，还进一步</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">影响他们下一代的发展。③接近工作岗</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">位。通过便捷低价的交通方式，连接居</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">住与工作地。特别是对于低收入者，接</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">近工作岗位是其获得工作职位的基础。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">④良好的生活环境质量。可接近绿色空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间、所在地有良好的空气质量等，这是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体现环境公平的重要标志，也是一般的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公众和弱势群体可以体面 ( 或有尊严 )</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生活的基本条件。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>包容性的最低值<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市场机制是促进社会竞争、推动社<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">会发展的基础条件，也是导致社会分层</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的基本制度。如何进行制度设计，既能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保证市场机制的活力，又能实现社会的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容，这就涉及如何看待包容性问题，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以及如何设定包容性问题的解决程度。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由于资源的有限性，其最核心的问题是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注低收入阶层的生存空间与发展机</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">会。这可以从芒泽的最大值理论中得到</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">很好的启示，他从道德和正义的角度提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出不平等财产持有的正当性应符合两个</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">原则，即每个人都有最低数量的财产及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这种不平等不会损害社会中的全面人类</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。在该理论中，他将第一个原</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">则称为最低值理论，而将第二个原则称</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为差距理论，这两个理论对人们理解社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">会分层中的合理差别具有十分重要的意</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">义。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">芒泽的最低值理论从道义的角度提<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出每个人在社会中应过上体面 (或有尊</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">严 ) 生活的制度准则。而人们的社会生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活需要相应的财产与空间资源来支撑，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因此在城市化进程中，不仅要保证每个</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">个体能够支付基本的食物、住房和医疗</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保健的费用，要有工作可做，还要有到</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">达公共服务设施的可能。最低值理论给</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人的启示是：每个人均应有机会获得能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">够体面 ( 或有尊严 ) 生活的基本的居住</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间；城市的每一个社区，均应维持一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定的健康、安全和便利标准及基本的公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共设施的享用标准，以保证每类人群的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基本出行不受空间距离和交通费用的限</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制等。包容性发展的理念是利益共融、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成果共享，但这不是平均主义。包容性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的社会允许出现差距，但这种差距应当</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">符合芒泽的最低值理论，否则社会经济</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展缺乏活力，市场机制缺乏效率。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="line-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(0deg);width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;height: 0.14em;margin: 0px -1em;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/4ucXYmLLg092SribDncWoJic1Bibqz6tSJQNyldz5pgdvgpYjLvw6OZuTj4FRDBf3EUSn4CtDsPXsibCe4zTzRoF6A/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);background-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);margin: -7px -7px 0px 5px;padding: 10px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三 </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </strong> <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">包容性规划的价值取向</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>包容性规划制定的立场<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容性规划的目的是构建利益共<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">融、成果共享的包容性城市。要达成这</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一目的，首先要确保包容性规划是一种</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公平公正的规划，即从包容性规划的编</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制、实施到监督都应当是公平公正的。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而编制公平公正的包容性规划的一个重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要要求就是包容性规划的编制者应当站</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在公正的立场。罗尔斯在《正义论》中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以“无知之幕”和“原初状态”的预设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为理论前提，提出“无知才能公平”  。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">他认为，当一个人不知道自己在社会中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的地位，不知道自己属于哪个阶层，不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">知道自己的天赋和才能，甚至不知道自</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">己喜欢什么追求什么的时候，他的决策</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">就是毫无偏见的。当所有的人都在这样</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一种“无知之幕”背后作决策时，他们</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一致公认的社会契约就是正义的。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">罗尔斯认为，订立契约的“原初状<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态”纯粹是一种假设的状态，一种思辨</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的设计。然而，这种假设在现实中是不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可能存在的。但是，包容性规划应当在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">罗尔斯的“无知之幕”后进行。在“原</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">初状态”中，除了有关社会理论的一般</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">知识，包容性规划的编制者不知道任何</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有关个人和所处阶层的社会信息，他们</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在摆脱自身种种偏见之后所达成的一致</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同意的社会契约，就是公平公正的包容</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性规划。因此，城市规划师应充当“无</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">知之幕”背后的包容性规划的编制者，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这就要求他们要了解社会各阶层的需</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">求，但不能受利益集团左右，对所有人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">都不偏不倚。这样，才能编制出公平公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">正的包容性规划。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>平等的理念</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“无知之幕”是包容性规划编制的<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基本立场，而平等则是包容性规划的基</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本价值。平等是一项宪法原则、一项宪</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">法权利，也是社会主义的核心价值理念。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人不仅在能力、智力和体力上存在差异，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">还在经济、资源和文化占有等方面存在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">差异。这些差异又影响着个体或群体在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资源的拥有、发展的机会及发展的成果</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等方面的差异。这些差异的无限扩大，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在空间上则表现为空间贫困。空间的贫</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">困意味着就业权、信息权和发展机会的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">丧失，贫困的集中则常常伴随着良好基</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">础设施和公共设施享用权的丧失。而平</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等不仅体现着人与人之间在社会中的人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">格尊严，还体现着人与人之间的社会地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">位不被排挤和歧视，因此将平等的价值</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理念注入包容性规划中，对维持多元社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">会的和谐及构建包容性社会具有积极的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">意义。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在市场机制作用下，城市化过程<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">必然会带来空间发展的不平等。平等作</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为包容性规划的基本价值还在于平等所</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">具有的独特价值。罗尔斯认为，“第二</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">个正义原则以一种词典式次序优先于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">效率原则和最大限度地追求利益总额</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的原则，公平机会原则又优先于差别原</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">则”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。美国学者阿瑟·奥肯认为，“在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">机会均等下出现的不平等要比机会不均</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等时产生的不平等更容易让人接受。在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其他条件不变时，机会均等条件下所导</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">致的结果不平等要比机会不均等条件下</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">所出现的结果不平等在程度上更小”。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因此，包容性规划中的平等具有两方面</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的含义：①平等就是要让基础公共设施、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市政设施更具有经济性、可达性，让公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">众更加便利地参加各类经济与社会活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动。②在包容性规划的编制、实施过程</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中，平等对待各个阶层。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>正义的价值<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">正义是人类社会普遍认可的崇高<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">价值。罗尔斯所提的正义论是“作为公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">平的正义”，它认为正义原则是在一种</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公平的“原初状态”中的一致同意，或</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">者达成一种公平的契约。由于社会中的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">个体是平等的，为获得公平正义，罗尔</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">斯提出两个正义原则：①每个人对与其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">他人所拥有的最广泛的基本自由体系相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">容的类似自由体系都应有一种平等的权</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利。②社会和经济的不平等应这样安</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">排，使它们被合理期望适合每一个人的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利益，并且依系于地位和职务向所有人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">开放。这两个原则表达了“所有的社会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基本价值——自由和机会，收入和财富、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自尊的基础 ——都要平等地分配，除非</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对其中一种或所有价值的一种不平等分</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">配合乎每一个人的利益”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于社会经济利益，罗尔斯不允<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">许任何人或团体以一种有利于最少受惠</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">者的方式谋利，只允许那种能给最少受</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">惠者带来补偿利益的不平等分配。罗尔</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">斯从对正义原则的初步表述到最后的陈</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">述，使用了一个转换，即从“合乎每一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">个人的利益”到“合乎最少受惠者的最</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大利益”。罗尔斯的理论反映了对最少</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">受惠者的偏爱，试图通过社会的再分配</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">使每一个社会成员都处于一种相对平等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的地位，这也是一种在满足社会个体平</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等权利的前提下对社会资源的再分配行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为。人的价值是至高无上的，对空间资</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">源的配置干预应有助于最弱势的群体获</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">得最大的利益，使他们可以获得最低限</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度的空间资源以确保其体面(或有尊严)</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的活着。成果共享的城市就是要更强调</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">弱势群体的利益，从而构建一个更加包</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">容的社会。包容性规划不但要注重机会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公平，也要关注“结果公平”。因此，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">正义应当是包容性规划的核心价值。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/4ucXYmLLg092SribDncWoJic1Bibqz6tSJQNyldz5pgdvgpYjLvw6OZuTj4FRDBf3EUSn4CtDsPXsibCe4zTzRoF6A/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);background-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);margin: -7px -7px 0px 5px;padding: 10px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四 </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </strong> <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">包容性规划的编制模式</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>包容性规划的特征<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容性规划所关注的是城市化进程<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中的空间包容性问题，而包容性问题既</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有绝对性，又有相对性。对于成果共享，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这更多的是一个由于“差距”而引发的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">概念。罗德斯对此有个很好的描述：“一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">个美国贫民窟居民比一个富有的爱斯基</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">摩人、一个 19 世纪的农场主或一个中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">世纪的乡绅吃得好、穿得好，或者拥有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更多的家用小机械之事实，并不能抚慰</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">他，如果他缺少被其自身社会视为完整</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的人而需要存在的资财的话”。无论</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是进入城市的权利，还是空间贫困，都</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">存在一个比较的概念。哈维提出“正义</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和合理性在不同的空间、时间和个人那</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">里呈现出不同的意义” 。虽然平等理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">论认可差距的存在，但是差距过大就超</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过了合理差距的范畴，则是平等理论不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">能接受的。从这一角度看，包容性规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中所涉及的空间利益分配的概念具有相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对性，是因比较而产生的。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">解决空间中的包容性问题需要政府<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">积极作为，这就要求政府通过包容性规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划，对空间中的不平等、不正义的配置</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进行修正或再分配。然而，在实现社会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公平公正方面，政府也会受到资源的限</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制。例如，南非宪法第二十六条规定：</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“每个人都有权享有足够的住房；国家</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">必须在能利用的资源范围内采取合理的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">立法措施，以逐步推进这项权利”。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政府资源的有限性规定了空间中的不包</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">容、不正义问题应当按照规划逐步解决。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同时，由于包容性的相对性的存在，一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">些问题解决了，又会出现另外一些问题。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这是一种从空间与时间上对空间生产所</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">产生的问题进行道德伦理上的判断，并</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对不平衡发展、不平等占有和不正义的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资源配置不断地进行修正。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因此，由于空间利益关系的相对性<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和政府资源的有限性的存在，包容性规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划更应该是一种关注以战略目标为指引</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的近期城市空间发展，以及改变近期空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间利益格局的行动规划。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>包容性规划的主要内容</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由于市场机制失效的存在，包容性<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展实质上是通过政府所调控的资源及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公共政策来逐步改变城市中的利益格局</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的过程，也就是通过空间改良实现社会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">改良。我国提出包容性规划的目的是为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">了应对目前城市化进程中空间的包容性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">问题。《国家新型城镇化规划 (2014—</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2020年)》提出的 “推进农民工融入企业、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">子女融入学校、家庭融入社区、群体融</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">入社会，建设包容性城市”，就是解决</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">农民工进入城市的权利的行动宣言。包</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">容性规划主要关注空间中的不平等，重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">塑空间利益格局。包容性规划的基础是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对进入城市的权利、城市更新中的空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分异和空间贫困三个基本问题进行评估</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与判断，通过比较，找出城市发展中不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">平等、不包容的问题。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容性规划所要解决的问题主要<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包含四个方面的内容：①空间融合。社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">会分层在城市空间上的表现是客观存在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的，但要避免空间极化，防止由空间极</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化带来的空间贫困及空间环境的不平等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">带来的社会问题。②保障性住房体系。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这是包容性城市建设的基础，也是包容</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性规划最重要的内容。居住是人生存和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展的最基本的要求，包容性城市应当</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为低收入阶层提供最低标准的居住空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间，并且这种居住空间所处的环境与标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">准应当满足人格尊严的标准。③基本公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共设施均等布局。公共服务设施的布局</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不仅要考虑数量的关系，而且要考虑距</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">离与位置的影响。公共设施和市政设施</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的布局影响了公共服务的空间平等性，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而基本公共服务设施的空间均等，则是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">衡量空间平等的重要指标。④公共交通</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">优先。利维认为，“把低收入者的居住</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地点和他能够胜任的工作的地点分隔开</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来，就可能造成失业” ，而公共交通</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是低成本的交通方式，如何实现公交优</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">先涉及交通的公平、社会的公平。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容性规划的编制模式与表现</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">形式</strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面对包容性发展，城市规划应承担<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">起相应的责任，发挥更加积极的作用。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容性规划并不是要取代现行的城市规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划，而是针对城市发展中存在的包容性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">问题所制定的目标，以及达成目标的政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">策措施。因此，包容性规划可以有三种</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">表现形式：①战略目标。建设包容性城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市是一个长期的过程，并应具有战略目</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">标来凝聚社会的共识。在战略目标的指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">引下，通过近期的行动逐步改良社会，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">改变城市空间的利益格局。②行动规划。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设包容性城市既是长期的过程，又受</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">限于政府资源的有限性，因此更重要的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是通过合理配置政府的有效资源，最大</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化地撬动社会资源参与以改变现状中极</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不平等、极不包容的现实。③包容性政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">策。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容性规划不仅是空间布局策略，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">还是动员社会广泛参与的公共政策。而</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容性政策既是包容性规划的编制指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">南，又是城市规划实施的导则。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容性规划可与现行规划模式结合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">编制或采用专项规划的编制模式。与现</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行规划结合的模式就是让不同的城市规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划承担相应的规划内容，即城市总体规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划应承担起战略目标和宏观包容性政策</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的制定任务；近期建设规划应包含近期</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政府行动规划；控制性详细规划应包含</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容性发展控制的导则及微观政策的内</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">容。以专项规划的形式编制的包容性规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划主要包含四个方面的内容：①现状空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间利益格局的评估；②战略目标的制定；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">③近期政府行动规划；④包容性政策的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制定。无论采用哪种模式，包容性规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的包容性政策等空间管治的导则要落实</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在政府行动规划中，落实到控制性详细</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划中。通过建设项目的管控，逐步改</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">变空间利益格局，实现包容性规划中的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">战略目标。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/4ucXYmLLg092SribDncWoJic1Bibqz6tSJQNyldz5pgdvgpYjLvw6OZuTj4FRDBf3EUSn4CtDsPXsibCe4zTzRoF6A/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);background-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);margin: -7px -7px 0px 5px;padding: 10px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四 </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在新型城镇化的背景下，包容性发<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展成为了城市规划的重要课题。联合国</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人居署近期发布的《新城市议程》明确</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">提出包容性是城市与区域发展的关键要</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">素之一。在城市发展过程中，社会经济</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的活力来源于市场机制的效率，但市场</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">机制必然会导致社会分层，引发包容性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">问题，进而影响社会秩序和社会稳定。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因此，市场机制的失效需要政府的积极</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作为，并通过包容性规划凝聚共识、指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">引集体行动。包容性城市是人民的城市，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是一种利益共融、成果共享的城市，这</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是包容性规划的逻辑起点。包容性规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过政府有限资源的合理配置来撬动社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">会资源，以改变由市场机制引发的空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不包容状况及空间利益格局。包容性规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划的引入实质上是政府给付行政范围的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">扩大，是社会主义核心价值观的体现。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容性规划是一种以平等为基本价值理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">念，并期望在市场活力和社会秩序之间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">取得平衡的近期集体行动，其主要内容</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包括现状城市空间评价、战略目标制定、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政府行动规划及相关的包容性政策。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/4ucXYmLLg092SribDncWoJic1Bibqz6tSJQNyldz5pgdvgpYjLvw6OZuTj4FRDBf3EUSn4CtDsPXsibCe4zTzRoF6A/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 1.5em;margin-bottom: -35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px;width: 100%;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">全文详见《规划师》2017年9期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">包容性规划的逻辑起点、价值取向与编制模式</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: 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se_prerender_url="complete">也谈义乌乡村建设的模式</a></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 0px;margin-left: -0.45em;border-top: 1em solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/4ucXYmLLg092SribDncWoJic1Bibqz6tSJQNyldz5pgdvgpYjLvw6OZuTj4FRDBf3EUSn4CtDsPXsibCe4zTzRoF6A/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" 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style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">识别图中二维码进入微店购买《规划师》杂志</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;border-width: 0px;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miakYQH4e7kRMjS6g6cZXzsJ3xQekUfrCCXFV7ibcWYgmNkH9fbJziaiaJGHzS1Cuke307T5ElDiaq6JfQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: 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15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">彩</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">请猛戳右边二维码</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" 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