国匠城工作台

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<section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(210, 25, 72);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">○</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(210, 25, 72);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">○</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(210, 25, 72);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">○</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 38px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 3em;height: 3em;margin: auto;border-radius: 100%;border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibDicXLPAAeRfG1xXBe3nETaFUtPxiaVRbpjRmBbdbHKv4l7NicUnaZ1n2g9GljqQLBp9uhWBicZjwUXg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg");background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibDicXLPAAeRfG1xXBe3nETaFUtPxiaVRbpjRmBbdbHKv4l7NicUnaZ1n2g9GljqQLBp9uhWBicZjwUXg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(202, 198, 198);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(202, 198, 198);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 59%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: -10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);letter-spacing: 1px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 20px;color: rgb(241, 162, 162);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可持续城市与交通</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(202, 198, 198);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(202, 198, 198);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;margin-bottom: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0.6em;height: 0.6em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;opacity: 0.4;background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0.6em;height: 0.6em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;margin-left: 6px;opacity: 0.6;background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0.6em;height: 0.6em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;margin-left: 6px;opacity: 0.8;background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 0.6em;height: 0.6em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;margin-left: 6px;background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;margin-left: 2px;color: rgb(255, 202, 0);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 10px 0% -2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(8, 171, 144, 0.88);border-radius: 20px;background-color: rgba(8, 171, 144, 0.88);padding: 2px 10px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: 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style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 3px dashed rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 154, 251);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">  原文/ Sidewalk Toronto    翻译/ 胡玥、古佳玉</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">  文献/ 张书婧                     校核/ 张鹤鸣、众山小  </p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">  编辑/ 众山小                     排版/ 徐颖</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 3px dashed rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotate(3deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(3deg);-moz-transform: rotate(3deg);-o-transform: rotate(3deg);margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotate(-3deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(-3deg);-moz-transform: rotate(-3deg);-o-transform: rotate(-3deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);width: 100%;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">绿色可持续发展是基于生态环境和资源承载力，将环境保护作为实现可持续发展的重要的环节。而城市作为能源消耗的主体，其绿色发展对整个生态环境建设至关重要。多伦多作为世界城市可持续发展的翘楚，其可持续发展模式在于促进环境与可持续创新的发展，发展与生态效益相协调的科学技术提高资源与能源利用率，并结合被动式技术和灵活的能源管理，致力于打造有利于改善气候，环境友好型的绿色多伦多。本次多伦多水岸开发由Sidewalk Labs参与，运用新科技与新的管理系统，对多伦多水岸从电热供应到垃圾处理等方方面面进行优化以实现多伦多市可持续发展的愿景，很值得中国城市借鉴。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本项目还有一项重大使命就是重塑Quayside社区成为北美温室气体排放最少的地区。并且他们将会分阶段建设，将滨湖东区(Eastern waterfront)变成全世界第一个真正对气候有正面影响的地区。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 0.8em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.5em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/a02UOdBKKGssIBLjFgcccq98GJmuscDeicrcru5lx3ZdoIKEsibmo9jwZsv6tapSSeJnYS3HcYaGdDcokdibZlwlg/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-top: 0.5em;font-size: 18px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一、实现对气候的积极影响 — 一个雄心勃勃且具可实施性的策略</strong></p></section></section><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SIhbUpKBmtAQV3mnBszx57hb3NopDV8nep8hx1tPMASIiclPokK0oWGfkcrzicicDMJlwAAkbbicsZXh5uRVsSl9AA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Waterfront Toronto对于实现滨湖东区建立气候友好型社区的承诺树立了一个很高的标杆。设立可持续性的发展目标虽然容易，但实现这个雄心壮志需要精心的规划，坚定不移的执行力，最重要的是实现这个目标的承诺和报告进展。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前，Sidewalk Labs已经制定了可以使得滨湖区实现对气候具有正面影响的策略。我们相信借助于现有技术的改进和加强，这个目标是可以实现的。例如，利用先进管控技术的被动式节能屋（Passive House）；利用多种绿色热能可灵活调节的热力管网；既可以在场地内产生电力，又可以管理来自于电网的电力的先进的微电网技术；还有处理固体废弃物的创新技术。在Quayside，许多先进的措施将会在早期阶段得以应用，使得这个片区成为城市创新发展的试验场地。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当这些创新技术成熟后就会被应用到整个滨湖东区。更重要的是，滨湖东区的规模有利于开发利用三个主要的热源，分别是Portlands能源中心，Ashbridges废水处理工厂和安大略湖本身。这三个热源中的任何一个都可以实现对气候的正面影响并且他们将会成为多伦多市区清洁热能的主要供给来源。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaibqd1rTkGaqKwM2GibbsiatEKcNFSNjNg1Q3THrDBZS2DJfibuicpVnsASM1drNtpOGBggya4aibjDNdzA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、</em></strong><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Lower Don Lands 公园的可持续设计反映了Waterfront Toronto 对于实现气候正能影响的承诺。</strong></em></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaibqd1rTkGaqKwM2GibbsiatEKgUywEgSmETMPQibFtF5CtFd2eMYFJ7yrgNeeXT7CZb5lHPnQsdSK0Tw/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、</em></strong><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">滨湖东区实现气候正能影响的发展蓝图</strong></em></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 0.8em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.5em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/a02UOdBKKGssIBLjFgcccq98GJmuscDeicrcru5lx3ZdoIKEsibmo9jwZsv6tapSSeJnYS3HcYaGdDcokdibZlwlg/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-top: 0.5em;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 二、<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">减少能源需求：建筑标准</span></strong></p></section></section><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SIhbUpKBmtAQV3mnBszx57hb3NopDV8nep8hx1tPMASIiclPokK0oWGfkcrzicicDMJlwAAkbbicsZXh5uRVsSl9AA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对任何的城市来说，任其可持续发展的核心是拥有高效节能的建筑。Waterfront Toronto以其最低的绿色建筑的要求树立了一个高标准。不过Sidewalk Labs坚信Quayside将会成为北美地区最大的大型被动式节能屋群。结合最先进的需求管理，我们可以将Waterfront Toronto MGBR项目以合理的成本将与建筑相关的能源消耗减少25%.</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">被动式节能屋（Passive House）</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">尽管被动式节能屋标准（Passive House）最近被应用于这些数量有限的大型的建筑物中，不过相较于北美地区，其在欧洲应用的更为广泛。作为一个比LEED标准更早的标准，被动式节能屋是基于一套设计理念而不是积分系统。康奈尔大学在纽约的Roosevelt Island校区建设的教训，引发了SideWalk项目的思考，即不论是在需要创新的领域还对Sidewalk项目的信心来说，如果被动式技术同时部署在几个建筑物中，那么其增量成本将会大幅度的减少。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaibqd1rTkGaqKwM2GibbsiatEKXvDdwAkvruRAIvt8ZJ9zaHBNMt1y1uBibvRwEyS4nezlxWjfxplwuoA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、</em></strong><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">被动式节能屋的主要设计特点示意图。被动式节能屋的设计核心是合理利通热能的自然传递，包括根据季节变化管理太阳能，引导冷热空气流向需要的地方而不是仅仅考虑通风，并且使用热泵技术而不是直接燃烧的方式。</strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 0.8em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.5em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/a02UOdBKKGssIBLjFgcccq98GJmuscDeicrcru5lx3ZdoIKEsibmo9jwZsv6tapSSeJnYS3HcYaGdDcokdibZlwlg/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-top: 0.5em;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三、LEED和被动式节能屋标准对比</strong></p></section></section><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SIhbUpKBmtAQV3mnBszx57hb3NopDV8nep8hx1tPMASIiclPokK0oWGfkcrzicicDMJlwAAkbbicsZXh5uRVsSl9AA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.5px;padding: 0px 7px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">被动式节能屋标准和LEED的标准最大的不同之处在于，LEED使用了具有强制性要求的积分制评分标准，而被动式节能屋标准则有一组特定的能源性能目标和设计原则。被动式节能屋的能源目标是基于不同的气候区而定的，这里所示的数据都是适用于多伦多的。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibDicXLPAAeRfG1xXBe3nETa2Vib7sibkO3D47H3VuhlM7EwwcStacJHyicVw7qV2bxlYtfSqiaUYE2OEQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaibqd1rTkGaqKwM2GibbsiatEKZLT9RB7ybvgTlMmaiarCHISQAUX4h1SlWibFQ2sqLykMvhmRqqiaCgTgA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、Cornell Tech 的房屋楼有26层，是有史以来最高的被动式节能屋。与之的可比较的中等水平的纽约的其他建筑相比，其减少了73%的能源消耗。尽管，被动式节能屋技术增加了5%～10%的建筑成本，其关键的成本则是未来在技术上的创新和能源节约，例如开发新技术来测试建筑的气密性<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></em></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 0.8em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.5em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/a02UOdBKKGssIBLjFgcccq98GJmuscDeicrcru5lx3ZdoIKEsibmo9jwZsv6tapSSeJnYS3HcYaGdDcokdibZlwlg/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-top: 0.5em;font-size: 18px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四、主动式需求管理（Active Demand Management）</strong></p></section></section><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SIhbUpKBmtAQV3mnBszx57hb3NopDV8nep8hx1tPMASIiclPokK0oWGfkcrzicicDMJlwAAkbbicsZXh5uRVsSl9AA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主动式需求管理系统是利用数据来减少能源需求。数据，特别是预测那些能够显著的降低能源消耗的关于使用需求的数据。例如，当一天中开始变冷的时候，可以对建筑进行预热，或者在一个夏天的下午，当日程示很多职员将会早点离开，则会减少空调的开放。更重要的是一些小规模干预措施，如房间专用的温控器驱动变速风扇的转动来平衡房间的温度。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Alphabet的 Nest 调温器就是一个运用电脑去学习其中原理来控制独栋房屋的制热和制冷。在多户房屋和办公楼的环境中，空调、照明、电脑和其他的主要资源都需要很好的控制。虽然被动式节能屋强调的是对热能的被动式管理，一个被动式节能屋的保温层同样也能达到主动式能源管理的效果。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在某些情况下，主动式需求管理比起许多获得LEED认证的建筑所使用的感应传感器和其他系统表现的更为出色。比如说，当中央日程管理系统显示会议室没有会议要开，那么它就会让会议室系统进入休眠状态。在其他情况下，对利用建筑的热惯性原理设计的被动式节能屋来说，它可以成为高级智能建筑管理系统。例如基于对温度的预测，该系统可以在非高峰时间对建筑进行预冷和预热。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">总的来说，将主动式能源节约策略引用在被动式节能屋设计中，可以在Waterfront Toront MGBR建筑节约更多能源，并且其节能效果与被动式节能屋设计相辅相成。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一个中型被动式办公楼的能源消耗和主动控制的影响</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaibqd1rTkGaqKwM2GibbsiatEKuWDpS4dwlTLe2weoDdCFOjM0iaJeXIjn0ibDB8BMfk5ryZYwibpEPGuFA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">节约热能</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">考虑到气候的变化，热能是多伦多地区最大的能源需求，也是被动式节能屋设计关注的焦点。结合被动式节能屋设计和主动需求管理，Sidewalk Labs 预计将会将Waterfront Toronto MGBR的热能需求减少64%以上。其最大的潜能是在于通过主动式能源管理那些留在被动式节能屋里的热能，这两种方法之间的协同作用所产生的潜在能量是很令人期待的。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">节约电能</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电力需求只占Tier1或一栋MGBR建筑总需求的三分之一。尽管我们希望通过主动式能源管理可以再减少25%，但这并不容易，因为余下的那些大部分是插座的负荷包括电脑，电气用具和其他服务于使用者的系统。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaibqd1rTkGaqKwM2GibbsiatEKJpjicTb8YW0bW89DefTWZnDVetWBIZsepR5Wzmx0Ze5M1xRRqY1DAuw/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五、被动式节能屋设计和主动式能源管理的所节约的热负荷（每平方米）</em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></em></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tiaibqd1rTkGaqKwM2GibbsiatEKdwe2pQEraicbOAaaMIWbUQRLaq7ZWt5ShiawogGZtZPYEjaRT9KqnF7w/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图六、被动式节能屋设计和主动式能源管理的所节约的电能（每平方米）</em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></em></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 0.8em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.5em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/a02UOdBKKGssIBLjFgcccq98GJmuscDeicrcru5lx3ZdoIKEsibmo9jwZsv6tapSSeJnYS3HcYaGdDcokdibZlwlg/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-top: 0.5em;font-size: 18px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五、提供清洁能源：先进的微型网络（Advanced Microgrid）</strong></p></section></section><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SIhbUpKBmtAQV3mnBszx57hb3NopDV8nep8hx1tPMASIiclPokK0oWGfkcrzicicDMJlwAAkbbicsZXh5uRVsSl9AA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(112, 109, 109);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着太阳能光伏板价格的持续下跌，在城市里就地进行可再生能源发电（onsite generation）的最大限制不再是成本，而是网络间的相互影响。到目前为止，就地发电仍然无法满足多层建筑所需要的能源消耗，在可预见的未来，这个问题也仍然无解。为了摆脱这个困境，Sidewalk设想在Quayside建立微型网络，包括就地发电设施（onsite generation），就地电能存储（onsite storage）以及建筑间的交互系统，以最大化地利用生产的电能，减少外部供电排放的温室气体，也避免太阳能发电产生的巨大能量对周围电网产生冲击。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Waterfront Toronto野心勃勃地为自己设立了一个目标：就地发电至少要提供10%的年用电量。有50%的屋顶面积可以用于完成这项任务，剩下的屋顶空间则种植绿化。规划方案与逐渐发展的科技，使得运用建筑立面PV整合技术（fac?ade-integrated PV）也成为可能。同时，在非用电高峰期，安大略省的电网（Ontario’s grid）几乎空置，因此建设电能储存设施来管控整个网络，能最环保、经济地为Quayside与滨湖东区提供清洁的电能。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaibqd1rTkGaqKwM2GibbsiatEKl94ticExoDc3UPlibaWrws20DVdIdb0egN8o7WuiasCqWzCjoA0Hg4pCg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图</em></strong><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">七、 电网供电的人均耗电量</strong></em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(112, 109, 109);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">管理微型（Microgrid）网络，以减少温室气体排放和降低成本</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为了高效管理微型网络，应在区域内建设起独立的操作系统（ISO: local independent system operator），采用国际顶尖的软件和智能测量技术，实现建筑间电能供需的完美平衡，高效管理批发市场里的贸易。ISO系统会优化Quayside的经济效率和碳排放量，同时确保生产的电能不会破坏多伦多水利系统（Toronto Hydro’s grid）的稳定性。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">ISO系统会将清洁能源储存在微型网络（microgrid）中，避免高峰损耗，降低Quayside的排放系数。夏季时，ISO系统会在夜间从电网里购买相对便宜和清洁的电能，贮存在蓄电池里，满足用电高峰期的需求，而避免使用高峰时段高价高污染的电能。当太阳西沉，用电需求陡升之时（也就是所谓的“鸭曲线（duck curve）”），而ISO通过释放日间储存的太阳能来满足这一需求。最后，当大部分人进入梦乡，用电量极少时，ISO会断开与市政电网的连接，将Quayside自己生产的电能（onsite generation）调配到最需要用电的地方。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaibqd1rTkGaqKwM2GibbsiatEKC6Ipwy0op839pYIDPTrPKicUqewYicY7sIS25KES6Ba9E07s1ia2h2JbQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">图</span>八、图表反映了2016年9月7日安大略省电量需求的变化曲线，数据来自安大略省能源部</em></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 0.8em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.5em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/a02UOdBKKGssIBLjFgcccq98GJmuscDeicrcru5lx3ZdoIKEsibmo9jwZsv6tapSSeJnYS3HcYaGdDcokdibZlwlg/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-top: 0.5em;font-size: 18px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">六、灵活多变的热网（Flexible Thermal Grid）</strong></p></section></section><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SIhbUpKBmtAQV3mnBszx57hb3NopDV8nep8hx1tPMASIiclPokK0oWGfkcrzicicDMJlwAAkbbicsZXh5uRVsSl9AA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(112, 109, 109);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作为EnWave公司深湖冷却系统（Deep Lake Cooling system）的大本营，多伦多已经成为北美地区最具革新性区域型供能系统的使用者之一，不管是城区还是Waterfront Toronto都认为应该发展区域供暖和区域制冷（district heating and cooling）这一可持续发展的技术，来满足多伦多气候环境下人们的生活需求。大多数的区域型能源系统（district energy systems）都集中关注从一可靠来源捕捉热能或冷能，不过从某种程度上来说，能量的来源是可变的，当捕捉能源不可行时，机械制冷和锅炉制热通常也参与供能。这使得所有的区域型供能系统都或多或少地以来化石能源，也阻碍了此类系统使用规模更大但更丰富的能源。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作为Waterfront Toronto的创新合作伙伴，Sidewalk将会建设起真正灵活多变的热网（thermal grid）。它会从多重来源捕捉热能与冷能，并在能源中心进行协调，再通过冷热水管道分配给各栋建筑，就如同对电能的来源与去向进行管理一样。不过，能源中心的主要设施并不危险有害，只不过是热水罐和冷水罐而已，因此也比大多数的发电设施都更容易选址。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在Quayside，系统会利用地源热（ground-source heat）、冷泵、社区自身产生的污水和厌氧消化池（anaerobic digester），共同组成社区垃圾处理系统。同时系统也拥有循环反馈机制，高效地捕捉网内建筑产生的废热和冷能。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这样具有巨大优势和高度灵活性的热网将主要在东岸（滨湖东区）的大规模开发中得以运用。两个能提供巨大热能的废热源正位于水岸内部和周边，也就是PEC和WWTP（the Portlands Energy Centre power plant (PEC) and the Ashbridges Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP)）。传统的区域供能系统难以对这些能源加以利用，因为这些来源所能提供的能量并不稳定。比如PEC这样供能量具有峰值的系统，全天只有四分之一的时间在工作，归Ashbridges（the Ashbridges treatment plant）所有的排水管道通常有一定的温度，但是由于多伦多采用合流制排水系统，其温度值在下雨和化雪的时候并不稳定。不过多亏了方案中设计的热能协调中心（thermal-balancing centres），它能对网络进行管控，那些通过社区排水系统、地源热泵排出的热能，以及供能设施所产生的废热，都能被捕捉并加以利用，节省了大量的化石燃料。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">滨湖东区同时也有条件资助建设一个新的深湖冷却系统（Deep Lake Cooling system）。该区域拥有着可靠的低温湖水，因此该系统并不一定需要能灵活调整的热能网络，话虽如此，只有拥有比Quayside更大的用户基础才能吸引足够的投资（译者按：投资者期待的是东岸的能源能够同样服务于周边区域的用户，扩大用户基数，因此自然要求东岸的能源系统能灵活地接入其他供能网络）。以上提到的三种热能来源中的任何一种所产生的能量都远超东岸自身的需求，因此能量的盈余可以输送给多伦多的其他区域。如果东岸的开发能够接入这三种供能系统，那东岸有潜力满足多伦多市区大部分的热能需求。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">可再利用热能的多种来源</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不管是Quayside 还是 滨湖东区，都能使用许多类型的可再利用热能。不过，东岸的空间规模有着使用以下三种可再利用热能的巨大潜力：PEC，安大略湖Lake Ontario, 和Ashbridges 废水处理工厂。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaibqd1rTkGaqKwM2GibbsiatEK25B8ak7oVnUVqYxz1knPx35MRYzn4gpXOqMVoRBfy9ibb1JXL5K8iaWQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图九、可再利用热能的多种来源</em></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 0.8em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.5em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/a02UOdBKKGssIBLjFgcccq98GJmuscDeicrcru5lx3ZdoIKEsibmo9jwZsv6tapSSeJnYS3HcYaGdDcokdibZlwlg/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;margin-top: 0.5em;font-size: 18px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">七、固体废物巧处理：智慧处理链</strong></p></section></section><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SIhbUpKBmtAQV3mnBszx57hb3NopDV8nep8hx1tPMASIiclPokK0oWGfkcrzicicDMJlwAAkbbicsZXh5uRVsSl9AA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /> <section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">垃圾处理策略</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多伦多2016年固体废物处理规划设立了一个全市范围内的垃圾缩减目标，力图在2026年前实现分流70%的可循环和有机垃圾，Waterfront Toronto也要在未来开发中践行这一理想。Sidewalk Labs提出四条垃圾处理策略，其水平高于Waterfront Toronto所设立的标准。首先，每个厨房都会配备有机垃圾碎渣机（organic waste macerator），它可以轻易地直接分离出有机垃圾，让他们进入废物处理系统而不是下水道（将有机垃圾倒入下水道在多伦多是违法行为）。第二，针对多户家庭居住的住宅，实行“扔多少付多少（pay-as-you-throw/ PAYT）”的激励机制，减少垃圾的产生，鼓励使用三类分装的垃圾箱，改变垃圾分流率低的现状。第三，垃圾会通过专用的管道设施运送，减小运输流量过大产生的影响，减少随之排放的气体。最后，就地进行有机垃圾回收和处理，利用产生的甲烷为热网供能。总之，Sidewalk希望减少垃圾的产生、进行厌氧处理，以此来减少超过90%的填埋垃圾，同时，这两种垃圾处理方式对环境也最有益处。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaibqd1rTkGaqKwM2GibbsiatEKKZ3ibJ2NDv1d9utSdd9EezykOvySXUco1MUhQmWCngMNThfzMF4IFvw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十、垃圾分流率</em></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(112, 109, 109);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">固体垃圾处理系统</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">Sidewalk设想的固体废物处理系统有四个部分：（1）有机垃圾处理单元，设立在每个厨房与办公室里；（2）根据产生的非有机垃圾量进行计费的垃圾槽（chutes）；（3）自动化的垃圾运输系统（waste haulage system）；以及（4）收集和处理垃圾的回收中心。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaibqd1rTkGaqKwM2GibbsiatEKkHBBNiaLRQDICnavibHVCp4miaqEcLuPkqdjQE9iagtWMicC5ViaR4qjfasA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十一、固体垃圾处理系统</em></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">年度垃圾填埋量（Annual Waste Diversion to Landfill）</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tiaibqd1rTkGaqKwM2GibbsiatEKnMuiajyy58ELWMab6XhAxfqzbFicUS5UBYaIFB3ZFUmkpnjtdrtWw8pA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十二、</em></strong><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">年度垃圾填埋状况表</strong></em></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/JObMraK3TEsnWewqJFtLLJbicqt3Utics7UD5452UZ5pVqL4jaZ0wGGaPcK71gnHbicdKibLrYa8Ip8XZwLmbk0ypw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg");background-position: 0% 34.7106%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: 100%;background-attachment: scroll;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgba(150, 150, 150, 0.6);padding: 5px 10px;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.67);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;margin: 0px;padding: 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