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<section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;height: 4em;border-radius: 50%;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miakYQH4e7kRMjS6g6cZXzsJp3qa6gHOwJCyuaQBq09yDniaPTWOD7syfibyS9ydKyXRbGqMoYg4iax3Q/0?wx_fmt=png");background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miakYQH4e7kRMjS6g6cZXzsJp3qa6gHOwJCyuaQBq09yDniaPTWOD7syfibyS9ydKyXRbGqMoYg4iax3Q/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-left: 1.2em;margin-top: -1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2em;margin-left: 1em;border-bottom-left-radius: 1em;border-left: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);max-width: 85% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-left: 1.5em;line-height: 1.5;padding-right: 0.5em;font-size: 11px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主题：包容性城市与规划关怀</p></section></section><section style="float: left;width: 5%;margin-left: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;margin-top: 1.82em;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 5em;transform: rotate(-25deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(-25deg);-moz-transform: rotate(-25deg);-o-transform: rotate(-25deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);width: 5em;margin: 2.45em 0px -0.5em 3.3em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: block;float: left;padding: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);line-height: 1;margin-right: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">【编者按】</p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: block;padding-top: 5px;min-height: 4.5em !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(173, 37, 74);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">伴随着经济高速发展，城市内部的社会阶层分化开始显现，社会贫富差距不断扩大，并具有明显的空间属性。在此<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">背景下，基于社会公平正义理念的包容性城市规划与建设逐渐受到各界关注。围绕包容发展，在理论、方法和实践等领域探讨</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城乡规划如何维护与促进社会公平正义，体现规划的人文关怀，具有重要的现实意义。本期“规划师论坛”栏目以“包容性城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市与规划关怀”为主题，在分析包容性规划逻辑起点、价值取向与编制模式的基础上，从城市绿地规划、城市街道规划、集宿</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区公共空间营造及社区环境微改造等方面探讨包容性城市视角下的规划思路与方法，以期为读者们提供有益参考。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgdiaDDX04lcA8klPdovDER4RbUdUmkHOcydABjJXvTscYicib3TgrPYqcWXzPz7HZoJbnn7LDZKmXJg/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/4ucXYmLLg092SribDncWoJic1Bibqz6tSJQNyldz5pgdvgpYjLvw6OZuTj4FRDBf3EUSn4CtDsPXsibCe4zTzRoF6A/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【规划师论坛3】</strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">彰显规划关怀的包容性街道规划建设策略</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>同济大学城市规划系硕士研究生曹根榕，同济大学城市规划系教授、博士生导师、副系主任卓健<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2017年第9期撰文，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着我国城市化与现代化进程的不断加速，城市社会经济不断发展，也带来了城市内部社会公平状况、贫富差距程度、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">文化多元程度及空间人性化水平等一系列与包容性城市相关的问题。城市包容度是衡量一座城市是否健康发展的重要指标，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而街道是城市公共空间的重要组成部分，又是城市居民日常生活中使用最为频繁的户外空间类型，街道的包容度在一定程度</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上反映了城市的包容程度，因此要判断一个城市健康与否，可从街道的包容度上来考量。文章在梳理包容性相关理论的基础上，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">尝试基于规划关怀的角度，从交通、经济、社会三个方面探析城市街道包容性建设的各类要求，构建影响城市街道包容性的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要素框架，并从街道设施、街道交通、街道场所和街道管理四个要素出发提出营造包容性街道的策略及建议。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%;height: 5px;background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(103, 18, 40), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) white;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]包容性；规划关怀；街道设施； 街道环境；街道管理</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号]1006-0022(2017)09-0016-06　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号]TU984　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码]A</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[引文格式]曹根榕，卓健．彰显规划关怀的包容性街道规划建设策略[J]．规划师，2017(9)：16-21．</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/4ucXYmLLg092SribDncWoJic1Bibqz6tSJQNyldz5pgdvgpYjLvw6OZuTj4FRDBf3EUSn4CtDsPXsibCe4zTzRoF6A/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;padding: 5px 10px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一 </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从街道空间的规划关怀看空间</span></strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容性</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-top: none rgb(103, 18, 40);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>包容性设计的概念<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“包容性设计”(Inclusive Design)<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一词来源于英国，是指无论使用者的年</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">龄、能力和健康如何，设计师、制造商</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和服务供应商应该确保其设计的产品、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">配套设施和服务质量都适用于他们</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在城市空间的包容性设计中，规划师应</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为包括残疾人、老年人等在内的社会弱</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">势群体提供平等享用空间的设计方案，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以使他们摆脱其自身年龄或身体因素的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">限制。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着人口老龄化的加剧及关照残<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">障人士的社会意识的提高，人们开始关</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">注这类弱势群体的实际需求，并转变设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">计观念，通过对环境设施和产品的精心</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设计，尽可能地将老年人和残障人士的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出行障碍清除</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。当前，城市街道及公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共空间设计通常以普通年轻人为服务对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">象，对其他人群的需求缺乏考虑</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与包容性设计相类似的概念还有<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“通用设计”(Universal Design)和“设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">计为人人”(Design For All)，三者都是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">产品和环境设计方面的理念，目的都是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">使环境和产品适用于任何人，但包容性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设计更倾向于关注设计的实用性和可持</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">续性，体现的是一个不断完善的过程</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此外，包容性设计与不考虑弱势群体的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">普通设计和通过使用特别的设计手法或</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">技术手段单独为弱势群体服务的无障碍</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设计也有所区别(图1)。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgdiaDDX04lcA8klPdovDER4yUOPvXqCgMSUiaRHoIs8kS5qcibpbNZEYXoxSFX4vmaTp9a82YAhZauA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道的包容性设计是在社区尺度下<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体现城市街道规划关怀的具体应用，主</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要关注的要素有街道的环境与设施、房</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">屋建筑及出行路径等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。通过对这些要素</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的包容性设计，来实现不同年龄、不同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">健康状况的人平等出行、使用街道设施。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>包容性发展的概念<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“包容性发展”(Inclusive Develop<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">ment)的理念基础是包容性增长。包容</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性增长最早于2007年由亚洲开发银行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在《新亚洲、新亚洲开发银行》研究报</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">告中提出，它强调新亚洲开发银行关注</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的重点要从应对严重的贫困挑战，转向</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">支持更高和更为包容性的增长</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在包容性增长理念的基础上，博<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">鳌亚洲论坛进一步提出了包容性发展理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">念，把视角由经济领域推广到非经济领</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">域，关注发展的本质以及所有国民的实</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">际需求、发展机会、利益分配等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。包</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">容性发展的“包容”更加突出了社会关</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">怀的目标，通过对社会群体之间经济利</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">益关系的协同调整和稀缺经济资源的优</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化配置，来促进不同社会群体之间的和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">谐互助，强调的是发展主体在发展过程</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中的机会均等与发展成果的利益共享，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容这个领域的相对弱势群体，相较于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容性增长更加强调公平公正和社会团</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">结的理念，也更具人文关怀</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">将包容性发展的理念运用到城市规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划学科</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> ，即基于包容性发展理念的城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市街道空间设计，需要更加关注低社会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">阶层及低收入群体，包容他们的低成本</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出行方式、非正式商业和各类社会活动</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的需求，体现规划关怀。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/4ucXYmLLg092SribDncWoJic1Bibqz6tSJQNyldz5pgdvgpYjLvw6OZuTj4FRDBf3EUSn4CtDsPXsibCe4zTzRoF6A/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);margin: -8px 5px 0px -5px;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二 </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">包容性城市街道的规划建设要求<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="line-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(0deg);width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;height: 0.14em;margin: 0px -1em;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="" style="padding: 0px 0.5em;margin: -0.14em 0px -0.21em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>适合多种交通方式的包容性街道</strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在城市道路交通体系中，街道是城<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市末端交通及各个社区到发性交通的主</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要空间载体，应满足各类交通方式的出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行需求。但是由于城市传统街巷均较窄，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着城市小汽车保有量的增加，城市“毛</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">细血管”不足，导致街道交通拥堵。目前，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">交通管理部门的解决办法主要是拓宽机</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动车道，为保证机动车“路权”不惜牺</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">牲非机动车的“路权”，导致街道两侧</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的慢行交通环境恶化。城市街道空间对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">慢行交通越来越不包容。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道的包容性建设应鼓励发展“公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共交通+慢行交通”的方式(图2)。首</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">先，“公共交通+慢行交通”的方式是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">解决城市街道交通拥堵问题的一种有效</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">途径，公共交通可以满足中长线距离出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行的要求，慢行交通可以满足各类短距</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">离出行的要求；能够在一定程度上替代</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">小汽车交通，减少街道上小汽车行驶和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">停车数量，促进城市街道空间的集约化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">使用。其次，发展“公共交通+慢行交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通”是构建包容性街道空间的必然选择。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从公平角度讲，城市街道交通应该能够</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">满足更多人的使用需求，尤其是各类弱</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">势群体的出行需求。考察弱势群体的出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行方式，老年人日常出行以步行为主；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">低收入人群日常出行以公共交通和慢行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">交通等低成本交通方式为主。随着老龄</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化社会的到来及城市贫富差距的加剧，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">构建包容性的城市街道空间应重视公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">交通和慢行交通的营造。不仅如此，街</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">道还是各类社会活动的重要承载空间，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而慢行交通与这些活动紧密相关。对街</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">道慢行交通的重视，有利于人群的长时</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间驻足，促进公共空间中各类社会活动</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的发生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，形成街道包容性的空间氛围。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgdiaDDX04lcA8klPdovDER4fQlQUgzIWHfwnfKs1H45AThw56ibfEuddNE5GQ9FLbjmRHm9FxN3OlQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">鼓励发展“公共交通+慢行交通”<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方式并非意味着完全限制小汽车的发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展，可以通过政策引导，如组织小汽车</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合成(Ride Sharing)或分时共享(Car </span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Sharing)等，使之具有准公交的属性，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">既减少了街道小汽车的数量</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，又满</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">足了低收入人群的使用需求。此外，还</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可以对城市局部重要地区的街道实施交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通安宁化措施(Traffic Calming)，使其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在适应城市机动化增长的同时保持城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间环境质量及满足慢行交通出行的需</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">求，促进多种交通方式平等共享地使用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，实现街道对各类交通方式</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的包容。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>多种经济活动并存的包容性街道<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市街道两侧不仅存在着正式商<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业，还存在非正式商业。其中，非正式</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">商业采取固定经营和流动经营两种模</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">式，包括街道两侧的“破墙开店”(图3)、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街边摊贩等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。这种具有自发性特征的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">非正式商业空间的出现是在供求关系、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道氛围的吸引力和正式商业空间的挤</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">压力作用下，社会低收入群体主动寻求</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">谋生或创业机会的结果</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，在一定程度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上是由近年来我国过度城市化造成的，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">即当城市提供的就业机会及服务设施无</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">法满足城市人口的需求时，各类非正式</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">商业便会出现。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgdiaDDX04lcA8klPdovDER4dic5Y77se6ZuR8MriaPDsxVOdPL8kictCJXTtqhZuiak3wHqz26tul73jg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">非正式商业由于其凌乱无序的商业<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">界面在一定程度上影响了城市的市容、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">常常侵占城市自行车道和人行道影响城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市正常的交通秩序、住宅底层“破墙开</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">店”对楼上居民的居住安全与安静造成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">影响等原因，通常被城市管理者认为是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不合法的。城市管理者采取了一种“一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">刀切”的管理手段，对非正式商业进行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">严管取缔。于是，“清除”街边摊贩和“封</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">墙关店”(图4)成为当前大部分城市取</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">缔街道非正式商业的惯用管理方法，这</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">种管理方法在快速清除街边非正式商业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的同时，也牺牲了该地区城市移民及贫</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">民的利益和城市街道的活力。简单的以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">法律法规、政策为准绳划分街道商业正</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">式性与非正式性，并限制非正式性经济</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的发展是有失偏颇的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgdiaDDX04lcA8klPdovDER4n2byIKDdD46PSBTImZNpF7vJvlxaJJBBElIYCCanuT7ib95kIrmfvRQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在包容性的视角下，城市街道应该<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对非正式商业采取包容的态度，通过为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">非正式商业提供一定的空间，满足低收</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">入人群谋生发展的需求。简·雅各布斯</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">强调功能混合对城市街道活力所带来的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">重大作用，城市街道两侧的非正式商业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">能为街道空间带来多样性，为城市生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">带来更多的选择。总之，城市街道若能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">够包容并规范引导两侧的非正式商业，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">将会为城市带来活力，为附近的居民带</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来便利。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）彰显规划关怀的包容性街道</strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道的包容归根结底是对人的包<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">容，表现在街道能够广泛地满足各类人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">群的需求，尊重人群需求的多样性和差</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">异性。包容性的街道对不同的使用者应</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">该是公平的，其空间能够适应各类使用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">者的心理和生理特征，其功能能够满足</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">各类使用者的活动需求，包括社交、散</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">步、跑步、游戏、遛狗及购物等。这就</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对街道建设提出较高的标准，构建各类</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人群都能够充分使用的、充满活力的空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间环境。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当前，随着老龄化社会的到来，<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人们开始逐渐关注老年人在日常生活中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的生理和心理需求。由于老年人生理结</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">构发生退化，他们在认知、感知、行动</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">及心理等方面与正常人群有着很大的差</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">异。我国现有的城市街道建设并未对老</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">龄化社会的快速到来做出及时的应对，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">老年人在出行时经常伴随着各种负面心</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理感受，包括焦虑、恐惧、迷惑及寂寞等，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如有些老年人因为身体原因害怕外出，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">担心自己由于视力或腿脚问题而跌倒，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">认为街道环境中的台阶太多，街区商店、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公交车站等公共服务设施离家太远，途</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中缺少足够的休憩设施等。由于老年人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这种生理、心理上的变化，他们对于城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市街道的空间环境有着更高的要求。然</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而，现有街道环境并没有满足老年人的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">需求，导致许多老年人被“困”在家中。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">具有包容性的城市街道应能够保证老年</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人平等地使用街道，满足老年人在日常</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出行及户外活动中对方便性、安全性、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可识别性及舒适度的要求。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">残疾人在日常出行活动中同样表现<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出畏惧出行的负面心理，一方面来自于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">身体残障所带来的对出行障碍及安全的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">担忧；另一方面在乎他人的看法，常常</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">敏感、自卑。残疾人的出行需求主要表</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现为安全出行、出行可控、独立出行及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">平等共享城市交通</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。具有包容性的街</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">道能够保证残疾人与健全人平等享有交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通出行的权利、与健全人无差别地使用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">交通设施与享受交通服务，能够促使残</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">疾人融入社会，消除他们的特殊感与隔</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">离感</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在城市交通规划与街道建设过程中，<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注老年人及残疾人等弱势群体的需求，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保障他们的出行权力，既是城市交通人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性化的要求</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，也是城市规划关怀的体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现。在社会价值取向上，包容性的街道</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">应该以社会团结互助、公平公正为目标，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">加强对弱势群体的扶持，使他们都能与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">健全人一样使用街道空间环境(图5)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgdiaDDX04lcA8klPdovDER4cQaSWygqNW1fwAh9mticLVjpbvN8XPPW6G5iceRAbc2FaPZmfTdWsKSw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="line-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(0deg);width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;height: 0.14em;margin: 0px -1em;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/4ucXYmLLg092SribDncWoJic1Bibqz6tSJQNyldz5pgdvgpYjLvw6OZuTj4FRDBf3EUSn4CtDsPXsibCe4zTzRoF6A/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);background-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);margin: -7px -7px 0px 5px;padding: 10px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三 </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划关怀视角下包容性街道规划</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设策略</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于老年人和残疾人等弱势群体而<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">言，包容性的街道首先应该能满足他们</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对安全性的需求，保障他们使用街道设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">施时其生命健康免受各种外在事物的威</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">胁；其次，应满足他们对可达性的需求，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">能够短距离、方便地到达目的地；最后，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">还应当满足他们生理和心理上对舒适性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的需求</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 。对于低收入的社会弱势群体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而言，包容性街道首先应提供各类低成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本的交通方式，尤其是“公共交通+慢</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行交通”的出行方式，即在保证街道慢</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行交通的路权优先的基础上，配置充足</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的公共交通资源；其次，应该能够对街</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">道两侧各类社会活动和非正式商业给予</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">宽容及引导。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于城市中各类弱势群体对街道包<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">容性的要求，笔者将分别从街道设施、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道交通、街道场所和街道管理四个方</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面探讨包容性街道的规划建设策略。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>改善街道家具与无障碍设施<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道无障碍设施的设置在包容性<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道的营造中十分重要，它是为了保障</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">老年人、残疾人等能够安全便利地出行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而设置的。当前我国城市街道的无障碍</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设施建设在《城市道路和建筑物无障碍</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设计规范》等法规的指导下取得了一定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的成果，大多数城市的街道两侧都铺设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">了盲道，路口设置缘石坡道，在一些重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要的街道交叉口还设置了与红绿灯同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">步的过街语音信号，但依旧存在着诸多</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">问题，如无障碍设施覆盖率较低、缺乏</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">系统性的规划设计、缺乏连续性及管理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不到位等。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在包容性街道的营造中，首先应该<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保证无障碍设施的数量；其次，应对街</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">道两侧无障碍设施进行统筹规划设计，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保证无障碍设施之间的连续性；再次，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市管理部门应加强对无障碍设施的监</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">督和管理，减少人们对无障碍设施的占</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用和破坏，为老年人与残障人士创造出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">连续的无障碍出行环境；最后，应设置</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更多的休息座椅，具有舒适特征的街道</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">应每间隔100～125m 便设置一些公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共座椅</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，且应尽可能地采用比较舒</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">适的带有坚实靠背的木质座椅，如此不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">仅能为老年人和残疾人提供便利，还能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在一定程度上增加街道环境给人们的亲</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">近感。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">提升街道公共交通与慢行交通的</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">环境质量</strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在机动交通方面，包容性街道应该<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过改变街道断面和平面，如缩减车道</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">宽度、缩小转弯半径等，来影响驾驶行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为，从而降低机动车的车速；在城市生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活服务区段的街道采取交通稳静化处理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方式，如缩小交叉口空间(图6)、改变</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">交叉口路面铺装或做抬高处理(图7)、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在交叉口中心设置小型减速带或减速</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">桩，提升慢行交通环境质量，使各种交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通方式都能平等地使用城市街道，保证</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道的安全性与舒适性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgdiaDDX04lcA8klPdovDER4RbBiapgK8nGNbrNdqgkZ7DIcUg8ChHAh27dJkFxn2WXibkw7paXkv0Dw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgdiaDDX04lcA8klPdovDER4EagicKsKMpFnCcVfQX2HDShY4WWVAHycXTIQ9kVqwBhxQ5ic7yQgbEMA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在公共交通方面，包容性街道应<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">该具有较高密度的公交线网及站点覆盖</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">率、良好公共交通的换乘条件、完善的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">慢行交通与公交站点的接驳系统。首先，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可以通过优化公交线网，增加公交线网</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">密度，设置公交车道及专用信号灯，来</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">提高公共交通的服务水平；其次，应该</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">完善公共交通站点周边的步行和自行车</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通道，使站点周边的慢行环境更加人性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化，保证弱势群体能够方便地使用“慢</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行交通+公共交通”；最后，应该改善</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道两侧的公交车站候车环境，如为常</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规公交车站设置候车亭，并配置休息座</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">椅(图8)，满足老年人和残障人士在候</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">车时的需求。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgdiaDDX04lcA8klPdovDER4W3hzOh8fTWv7zU9IYRVSCVJVwbO93OJS6AlKSGWySuiaeYbAQvXSuMQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在慢行交通方面，包容性街道首<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">先应将保证所有人的步行安全置于优先</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">级的地位，包括老人、残疾人、儿童及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">推婴儿车的家长等，为行人提供较为宽</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">敞的人行道，并保证其干净、整洁。其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">次，也应为非机动交通提供安全的行车</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">环境，可以在自行车道及过街通道上通</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过划线和有色铺装进行标识(图9)，避</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">免非机动交通与机动车发生冲突；在自</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行车交通量较大的路口，可以设置自行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">车专用信号灯，保证自行车行车安全。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgdiaDDX04lcA8klPdovDER45o6rITLqkswNp0E2rV1Y6WCDaiaXhteXKbIEiaVTdW3V0qHQ07vrUzRQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此外，我国城市中有相当比例的低<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">收入人群使用电助动车进行中短距离出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行。针对此情况，包容性街道应该营造</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">良好的电助动车行车环境，协调电助动</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">车与其他交通之间的关系。在电助动车</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出行较多的路段、交叉口采取机非隔离处</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理，保证电助动车的行车安全，减少其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对机动车交通的干扰；在自行车和电助</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动车出行数量相当的路段上，应采用非</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">物理隔离方式将两者进行分离(图10)；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在街道两侧为电助动车提供一定数量的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可充电设施，可结合非机动车停车设施</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">布局。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgdiaDDX04lcA8klPdovDER4mQq5icfVT8THqHEPYE7Mmrbficwia4GLyZbjbLyjVrI7FBRg2kvaSHb8w/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>优化街道空间场所的布局<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容性街道应为城市居民提供各类<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">日常活动所需的空间场所，如休憩节点、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公共服务设施和商业设施建筑前区、健</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">身活动场地等，为居民之间的活动、交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">流提供机会。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包容性街道的营造倡导两侧各类空<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间场所与设施的布局紧凑，功能混合，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">使老年人及残障人士日常生活出行的距</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">离缩短，提高各类设施和空间场所的可</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">达性。在正常状态下，老年人住宅周边</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">500m范围内应该设有各类基础公共服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">务设施、小型商业设施及休憩设施，包</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">括一定规模的医院门诊部、银行、食品</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">店、超市和小游园等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> (图11)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgdiaDDX04lcA8klPdovDER4Ygco8gVibPaA3coS7emlq2JHeOdMfA83XCSUseiaGWXKPJOBMay4bI3A/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（四）</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对街道上的非正式商业实施</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">精细化管理</strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面对城市街道两侧大量出现非正<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">式商业的现象，急需管理部门进行精细</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化管理，将非正式商业纳入规划管理之</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中，协调正式商业与非正式商业之间的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关系。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在对街道摊贩的管理中，可以通过<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">引导，将其安排在相对固定的场所，允</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">许其在固定的时间内进行经营，并对其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经营的内容进行管理，使管理更加精细</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和有序。例如，在城市指定区域的街道</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">两侧划出固定摊位空间，供小商贩申请</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">摆摊，进行分时经营；为流动商贩发放</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">执照，并进行登记考核。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在对街道“破墙开店”的管理中，<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划管理部门也应该采取精细化的管理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方式。具体来讲，首先，应该明确允许“破</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">墙开店”的区域和街道。其次，明确“破</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">墙开店”的准许商业类型，一方面应从</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当地社区角度出发，选择社区缺乏但使</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用频率较高，同时能够给街道带来活力</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的商业类型，如超市、食品店和菜市场</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等；另一方面，在管理将住宅改为餐饮、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">娱乐等对周边居民造成一定负面影响的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">商业类型的事务时，必须经全体业主同</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">意。城市管理部门应出台简易的“破墙</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">开店”申请与审批办法，只有通过审批</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的“破墙开店”才可核发营业执照等相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关合法凭证。例如，《上海住宅物业管</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理规定(2011)》指出，需改变物业使用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性质的，须由区、县规划部门会同房管</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">部门提出区域范围和方案，并召开听证</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">会听取利益关系人意见后，报区县政府</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">决定；允许变更的，由区县房管部门审</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">批。最后，应该加强对街道两侧“破墙</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">开店”的建筑前区及商业界面的管理，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">严控商店设施侵占人行道，必须保证人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行道的安静、整洁，在人行通道较宽敞</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的情况下，鼓励业主在店前区提供适量</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的休憩设施，营造街道场所；同时，鼓</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">励业主在装饰店铺时采取统一的广告色</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">彩与形式，保证街道人工景观界面的美</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">观性。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/4ucXYmLLg092SribDncWoJic1Bibqz6tSJQNyldz5pgdvgpYjLvw6OZuTj4FRDBf3EUSn4CtDsPXsibCe4zTzRoF6A/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);background-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);margin: -7px -7px 0px 5px;padding: 10px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四 </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道在承担城市交通功能的同时，<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">也承载着城市居民日常生活和户外活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动。包容性街道的建设要充分体现对老</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">年人、残障人士以及处于社会下层和被</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">边缘化的人群等各类弱势群体的关怀，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">应从交通、经济和社会三个角度进行建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设，具体的规划设计措施则涉及设施安</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">排、交通规划、场所营造和管理机制多</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">个方面。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/4ucXYmLLg092SribDncWoJic1Bibqz6tSJQNyldz5pgdvgpYjLvw6OZuTj4FRDBf3EUSn4CtDsPXsibCe4zTzRoF6A/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 1.5em;margin-bottom: -35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px;width: 100%;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">全文详见《规划师》2017年9期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">彰显规划关怀的包容性街道规划建设策略</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 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