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<section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;height: 4em;border-radius: 50%;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslI7L5Bn5FFQCCUZWMYmVuSic1cEml7icQVick7XrqDmgbEsOqdfyH7LVeQ/0?wx_fmt=png");background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"> <img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslI7L5Bn5FFQCCUZWMYmVuSic1cEml7icQVick7XrqDmgbEsOqdfyH7LVeQ/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-left: 1.2em;margin-top: -1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2em;margin-left: 1em;border-bottom-left-radius: 1em;border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);max-width: 85% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-left: 1.5em;line-height: 1.5;padding-right: 0.5em;font-size: 11px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主题：韧性城市理论与规划方法变革</p></section></section><section style="float: left;width: 5%;margin-left: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;margin-top: 1.82em;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 5em;transform: rotate(-25deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(-25deg);-moz-transform: rotate(-25deg);-o-transform: rotate(-25deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);width: 5em;margin: 2.45em 0px -0.5em 3.3em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: block;float: left;padding: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);line-height: 1;margin-right: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">【编者按】</p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: block;padding-top: 5px;min-height: 4.5em !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市作为最复杂的社会生态系统，自其形成以来便持续地遭受着来自外界和自身的各种冲击与扰动，为应对由此带来的<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市危机、提升城市防灾减灾能力，国内外展开了韧性城市的相关理论研究与建设实践。2016年联合国公布的《新城市议程》提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出城市的发展愿景：“可以在韧性和永续的城市和人类社区定居、生产，并提高所有人的生活质量促进繁荣”。在此愿景下，城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如何引入韧性城市理论，提高城市系统面对灾害事件等不确定性因素的响应与适应能力，促进韧性城市规划方法的变革，增强城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市韧性，成为规划界关注的热点与焦点问题。本期“规划师论坛”栏目以“韧性城市理论与规划方法变革”为主题，探讨韧性城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市视角下的城市灾害韧性评估、城市防灾减灾规划策略、气候适应性规划技术及其流域、都市和社区韧性提升实践等，以飨读者。</span></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/897l6tgZNCRXaBA81BbMabBH3zbyWvAjFvU4T2PJO1mbzoufjPYL1l1ODW76E2xM9dKZDt3Igs0AWW6Ry8zFPg/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/1w7xOX2c1jDHMDXl9b073gUz4lQnT28CfDoToGxz0B4e1hC1xIRtuHpCVVGFlfOfucbf2dmZGLVb6mrFwib1ZUQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【规划师论坛4】</strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">都市生态圈层结构及韧性演进：理论框架与广州实证<br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>广东省社会科学院产业经济研究所副研究员陈世栋，华南理工大学建筑学院教授、博士生导师，中国城市规划学会常务理事袁奇峰<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》2017年第8期撰文，文章认为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在增长主义背景下，我国城乡建设用地的过度扩张加剧了城市生态韧性的减损。文章以广州为例，试图构建一个</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于增长主义与生态主义协同的一般模型，从功能、产权、市场及政府四者的空间关系辨析城市生态韧性及其圈层结构特征，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分析了核心圈层的果树保护区通过国有化实现生态韧性止损，外围圈层的增城通过划定三大功能板块实现生态韧性增进的两</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">个案例，并进一步剖析了过渡圈层生态韧性的市场与政策双失效困境，提出了过渡圈层要构筑基于空间发展权协调的生态韧</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性增进机制</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%;height: 5px;background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(32, 84, 156), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) white;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]城市生态韧性；圈层结构；减损；广州</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号] 1006-0022(2017)08-0025-06　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号] TU984 　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码] B</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[引文格式]陈世栋，袁奇峰．都市生态圈层结构及韧性演进：理论框架与广州实证[J]．规划师，2017(8)：25-30.</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/1w7xOX2c1jDHMDXl9b073gUz4lQnT28CfDoToGxz0B4e1hC1xIRtuHpCVVGFlfOfucbf2dmZGLVb6mrFwib1ZUQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;padding: 5px 10px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 研究背景：增长主义对生态韧性的冲击</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-top: none rgb(103, 18, 40);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">韧性的概念最早由美国生态学教授霍林于 1973<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">年在其著作《生态系统韧性和稳定性》中提出，该</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">概念的内涵为“自然系统应对自然或人为原因引起的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态系统变化时的持久性”。韧性又可分为“生态韧性”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与“工程韧性”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，其中“生态韧性”关注系统的演化，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“工</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">程韧性”关注系统的平衡</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。2001年，霍林提出了“适</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">应性循环”模型，用于分析人类社会系统，以表征“社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">会—生态”系统受到外部冲击后的相互作用及其韧性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">演化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当前，基于适应性循环、强调综合反馈、跨尺度<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动态交互的社会生态系统韧性理论</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">已成为城市韧性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究的基准。“城市的韧性”包括资本、能力、行动</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和秩序四要素，注重城市的恢复性、连通性、适应性、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">繁荣性、灵活性和可转型性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。城市韧性实质上依赖</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">于更有韧性的、团结的民众，其有四个主要部分，即</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基础设施韧性、制度韧性、经济韧性和社会韧性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">20世纪90年代以来，在要素(土地财政)驱动<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">下，我国正处于增长主义主导的快速扩张时期</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，我</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国的大都市特别是东部沿海大都市普遍迈入城市区域</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化进程</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，除了北京、上海、广州、深圳、天津和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">重庆等超大城市外，南京、武汉、西安和杭州等省会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市的空间结构也出现了大规模重构</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，给城市生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态维育带来巨大的外部冲击。空间的过</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度扩张导致了生态资源与人口增长的不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">匹配，出现了“社会—生态”系统耦合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性问题。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一方面，在增长主义背景下，土地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">扩张速度远远快于人口增长速度，大量</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">粗放利用和闲置的土地需要人口来填充</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和“消化”，许多二三线城市的消费性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间去库存问题严重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。随着人口红利</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的逐渐减少和外来务工人员的回流，部</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分城市也面临着“收缩”的困境</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。另</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一方面，在环境紧约束下，土地利用更</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">加集约节约，永久性基本农田</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等涉及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态保护的政策性空间的设置大大抑制</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">了城市政府的土地扩张冲动。新型城镇</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化也将改变人口市民化滞后于土地城镇</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化的状况，圈地式的盲目扩张将受到政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">策的强力遏制。城市应把人而不是土地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">视为最宝贵的“资产”和根本动力</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前正在兴起的韧性规划强调城市<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的韧性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，相对于传统的城市规划，韧</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性规划主要有三大转变：关注对象从生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态环境优先转变为社会、经济和生态的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动态整体协调；更注重城市对外部环境</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的适应性，强调规划的“内外协同”效</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">果；规划目标从静态平衡转变为动态适</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">应，反对完全的确定和精确</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。习近平</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">总书记强调，发展必须是遵循经济规律</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的科学发展，必须是遵循自然规律的可</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">持续发展，必须是遵循社会规律的包容</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性发展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。构建韧性的“自然—经济—</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社会”体系，用韧性规划理论推动我国</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划的变革，更契合我国市场化改</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">革导向和“五位一体”的发展要求</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">并且能够在区域协同和城市特色发展之</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间取得平衡。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/1w7xOX2c1jDHMDXl9b073gUz4lQnT28CfDoToGxz0B4e1hC1xIRtuHpCVVGFlfOfucbf2dmZGLVb6mrFwib1ZUQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);margin: -8px 5px 0px -5px;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 都市生态韧性圈层结构的演进及<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其要素与特征</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="line-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(0deg);width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;height: 0.14em;margin: 0px -1em;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="" style="padding: 0px 0.5em;margin: -0.14em 0px -0.21em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">都市生态韧性空间结构演进的</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一般模型</strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">增长主义鼓励城市进行大规模空间<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">扩张，为大城市的资源环境承载能力带</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来了挑战。随着城市群的发育，以往单</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">个城市面对的外部冲击可能会演化成区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">域性冲突。同时，随着城市的区域化，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市内部各功能组团之间的生态用地被</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设用地分割或包围，生态空间的规模</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">效应逐渐减弱，生态系统韧性受到考验，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">连片的生态用地逐渐成为与工业园、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">CBD等同等重要的生态功能区。此外，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由于城乡“双重二元”土地制度的存在，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大量的集体建设用地也快速扩张</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，加</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">剧了自下而上城镇化地区城市生态韧性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的减损。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态功能的发挥需要一定的生态空<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间来承载。在传统的增长主义背景下，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设用地与生态用地是此消彼长的关</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">系。建设用地承载了经济地租，生态用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地承载了生态地租，对经济地租过度的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">寻租往往造成生态地租的消散</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。由于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市的生态韧性属于公共产品</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，生态</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地租无法有效地通过市场来反映。在快</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">速城镇化阶段，急需通过推动经济类空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间的生产来积累城镇化资金，生态的维</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">育必须让步于经济发展效率，这导致了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市生态韧性长期得不到足够重视。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">但是，由于生态是城市系统不可或</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">缺的功能，城市在“增长才是硬道理”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的理念下积累的生态环境问题已十分严</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">重，从内部冲击了城市生态系统的稳定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性；而在城市群地区，多个城市长期的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">竞争增长导致生态问题从城市内部扩大</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">到区域，又从外部冲击了城市生态系统。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">例如，随着城市热岛效应、雾霾和洪涝</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">灾害等问题日渐严重，城市从生态灾害</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中恢复的能力受到极大削弱，当城市生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态韧性无法保障城市正常的生产生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">时，就不得不被动地花费大量资源来修</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">复城市和区域生态结构，通过工程手段</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">助推生态韧性的恢复。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在经济效率优先的发展策略主导<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">下，城市发展优先服从于规模的扩张。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">但由于外部性的制约，当城市规模达到</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一定的阈值后，往往会出现规模效率递</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">减，导致集聚不经济</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。虽然我国快速</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化的阶段趋于尾声，但是在一个相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当长的收敛阶段，各种要素集聚和扩散</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">必然还会同步持续进行。因此，在规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中预先协调城市功能、重构平衡的生态</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">结构是城市永续发展必须面对的问题，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">适应城市生态韧性演化应该成为补齐城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市生态基础设施建设短板的出发点。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从增长主义下生态韧性减损的机理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来看，在不完全市场下，土地的经济地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">租和生态地租的耦合演进决定了韧性增</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">减程度。土地的经济地租与生态地租在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同时期的空间投影关系决定了城市生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态韧性结构，如某地块的生态地租越高，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">则其生态韧性越强。因此，可用生态地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">租作为生态韧性的替代变量。在完全市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">场条件下，土地经济地租与到城市中心</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区的距离成反比。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">土地的生态地租源于城市生态用地<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的规模和居民的需求，包括静态生态地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">租和动态生态地租。静态生态地租源于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">土地原生的生态功能，是生态韧性的基</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本支撑；动态生态地租取决于居民的生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态需求及其付租能力。从静态生态地租</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">看，从城市中心至外围，生态地租量因</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态空间规模递增而逐渐升高。如图 1</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">所示，存在一条与距城市中心距离成正</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">比的静态生态地租曲线 E，当静态生态</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地租能够满足城市生态需求时，经济地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">租曲线J与静态生态地租曲线E的交点</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">K处所形成的空间映射是城市建成区的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">最外部边界。但在增长主义的支配下，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">各行为主体必定想方设法推动城乡建设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用地的扩张，以谋求尽可能多的经济地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">租。此时，可能会出现如图2所示的情</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">况，即经济地租曲线J向右移动至J 1 ，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态地租也由于市场与政府的“双失效”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而处于租值消散状态，生态地租曲线由</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">E向右移动至E 1 ，两者重新在K 1 处相交，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市建成区的边界也移到 D3，而 D1D3</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">就是增长主义导致城市过度扩张和蔓</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">延的规模，城市的韧性也由 P1 下降至</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">P2 ，P1P2 就是城市韧性的损耗量。如果</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不考虑规模不经济的情况，按照增长主</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">义方式继续发展的话，城市必须额外补</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">充P 1 P 2 的生态韧性当量才能适应新的发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展要求，否则会造成城市生态负担的负</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">向累积，加大“社会—生态”系统的适</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">应难度。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslCFBJAawhY2wjZMTU5M3M6fZqBnHIBNib7eHmGfQkM7jFGhcKficpOWtw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslvtHRpXnlEibfiba4kYHjR3mHicGR0fqexdcVLsFdwgWP7uElYc8MGWuNQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(18, 39, 54);box-sizing: border-box;" class=""></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/womAGTKd4M6NJmheeWlPFprrM8czEsZu5kUKjqHdYlGtr8PJjUZ8bJoOCXicYBibiaRMylSRU0A3b2zGr40jnibgdA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市生态韧性圈层结构的要素</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与特征</span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">已有的研究认为，不管城市发展阶<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">段如何演进，城市的生态维育均需要一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定规模的连片生态空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，而稳定的生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态功能需要稳定的生态结构作为支撑。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态资源的价值由供需关系及稀缺程度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">决定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，其在地理空间上的投影形成一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定的空间分布关系，这就是城市空间结</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">构生态韧性的基础。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市空间结构生态韧性确立的前提<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是城市不同空间单元生态需求差异及供</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">给的稀缺性：建成区内部由于生态空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的相对稀缺而存在巨大的生态需求；城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市边缘地区最先受到城市扩张的波及，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态空间遭到侵蚀，生态韧性需求也较</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大；城市外围地区生态空间大量存在，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因而需求最小。从理论上讲，城市生态</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">韧性需求在空间上存在圈层模式(图3)。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同区位的生态地租因需求而异，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从现状的生态租值消散走向韧性增进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的路径也不一样。从中心至外围，城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态需求结构具有以下特征：在生态需</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">求方面，生态需求从中心至外围逐渐减</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">弱；在政策力度方面，维育生态韧性的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政策力度从中心至外围逐渐减弱；在产</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">权类型方面，承载城市韧性的空间，其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">产权边界清晰度从中心至外围逐渐下</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">降，从国有过渡到集体；在功能类型方</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面，核心圈层的生态空间已相当于城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公园，而外围圈层仍以农田的形式存在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">( 图 4)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslYpvhp33Ts3D9cUpmUyUibicaGWzzvOCniaIyWQTToZSmcVp1HZAjzn2tA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslGe7fBKYkV2xqWyELT5bzib45aQ6PIGQib7cmDj4acsBvVb24CRyK9KrQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="line-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(0deg);width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;height: 0.14em;margin: 0px -1em;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/1w7xOX2c1jDHMDXl9b073gUz4lQnT28CfDoToGxz0B4e1hC1xIRtuHpCVVGFlfOfucbf2dmZGLVb6mrFwib1ZUQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);background-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);margin: -7px -7px 0px 5px;padding: 10px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">都市生态韧性圈层的规划应对<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">策略</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">增进生态韧性的规划依据：基于</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">修正的理论模型</strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传承与变革是人类社会发展永恒的<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主题，事物总是在肯定与否定中螺旋式</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。在不同的发展阶段，城市生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态韧性也具有适应性。同时，城乡建设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用地快速扩张所导致的生态韧性减损日</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">益威胁到城市生态格局和居民生产生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">安全。因此，近年来低碳化和生态型的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化路径越来越受到人们的欢迎，生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态都市主义日渐受到关注</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态都市主义由莫森·莫斯塔法维<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">提出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，其将城市看作一个城市生态系</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">统，强调城市多样性，以及城市与自然</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">环境的共生性、契合性，试图从文化、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社会、经济、技术和规划设计等方面创</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">造一个和谐、高效、绿色的人类环境。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这也是未来城市发展的趋势</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 。目前，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">许多绿色生态类型的规划纷纷出炉，相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关学科积极跟进，相较而言，城乡规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行业虽对其有所关注，但是把绿色生态</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">类规划作为城市规划新类型的实践尚有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不足</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">事实上，各国早已对如何通过补齐<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市生态基础设施短板来提升城市生态</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">韧性进行了探索，科学划定城市增长边</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">界便是探索之一。为防止城市的无序蔓</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">延，世界上许多大都市地区从 20 世纪</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">30年代开始便将绿化隔离带规划作为城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市增长管理的重要手段，如莫斯科、伦</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">敦、东京、北京和首尔等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">尽管学术界对于通过补齐城市生态</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基础设施短板来增进城市生态韧性仍存</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有争议，但是该方式具有学理的自洽性。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由于生态基础设施的有效维护需要协调</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社会各主体的经济利益，因而成功的生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态基础设施维护能够反映城市生态的动</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态需求，是增进生态韧性的可行路径。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如图5所示，假设城市发展到了规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">模不经济的临界值后，必须将生态需求</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">纳入城市发展成本的核算体系，那么城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市的生态地租将由静态E 1 曲线演变为动</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态R曲线，由于静态地租纳入了需求因</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">素，其地租水平高于E1 曲线，即从城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中心至外围存在一条斜率向下的曲线与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">D3 的延长线相交于K2 点，K2 点往右的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区域生态需求减弱，生态地租重新由供</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">给面的 E1 决定，即 K1 K2 是通过加大生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态基础设施供给力度来增加城市生态韧</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性的。当城市建成区的外部边界扩张至</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">D3 后，由于规模效率递减律的限制，城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市必须严格保护江、河、湖、泊等水体，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以及山林、农田等生态空间，严格划定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">并维护城市的增长边界，并通过构建有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">效的配套政策来缓解增长主义的冲击，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城乡建设用地的盲目扩张得到有效遏制。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这一阶段，只有加强各类生态规划的供</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">给力度来增进生态韧性，才能使城市系</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">统免于外部冲击。这就是生态主义与增</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">长主义协同发展下的城市生态韧性适应</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新平衡，即城市生态系统在城市规模进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">入新的阶段后，重新形成稳定的结构。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslEmtIvDzfGHxEo9tv7GHicibo71U3ZgE9hBogE2s7cM6l6iaJ9vMibrngVg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(18, 39, 54);box-sizing: border-box;" class=""></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/womAGTKd4M6NJmheeWlPFprrM8czEsZu5kUKjqHdYlGtr8PJjUZ8bJoOCXicYBibiaRMylSRU0A3b2zGr40jnibgdA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>增进生态韧性的规划策略<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">都市生态韧性损耗的矛盾焦点在于<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">各主体对农地发展权的争夺。在建设用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地快速扩张的背景下，农地的生态功能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">已经大大超出了经济产出功能，农地的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">正外部性成为公共产品，根据公共产品</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理论，产权不清晰容易产生“搭便车”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行为，导致市场失效，因而需要政府实</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行价格管制，争取将外部效益内部化，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">形成有效的激励机制。但从现实情况看，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">把都市区农地保护的责任交给农民却不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对其经济发展权进行补偿，不能有效激</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">励农民坚持农地农用的积极性，将导致</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">租值消散，乃至管制失效。因此，需从</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以下三个方面增进生态韧性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 必须划定都市生态基础设施的<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间边界。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一方面，参考世界上许多大都市建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设用地区的做法，通过上层规划明确划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定城市增长边界 ( 建设用地 ) 和生态保</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">护界线 ( 农用地 )。例如，为解决刚性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">边界无法有效协调建设用地对生态用地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">侵蚀的问题，英国于20世纪40年代引</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">入了农地发展权，通过发展权转移等市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">场化手段，防止生态空间进一步遭受侵</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">蚀，开启了通过增加制度的韧性来增加</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态韧性的先河</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 。我国有学者主张将</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">所有城市内部绿地及外围需要保护的绿</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">色开敞空间如郊野公园、城市组团间的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态绿楔、林地、生态敏感区和保护区、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">永久性农业用地、生态修复区、水土保</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">持重点预防保护区等纳入政府主导的主</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体功能区规划中，构建“新绿线”大生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态保护格局</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 对核心圈层可通过国有化模式<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进行止损。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国有化模式就是对集体用地发展权</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的完全补偿，反映了生态韧性空间的区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">位价值及市场需求。例如，部分地区通</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过征地，实现生态空间国有化，其成本</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可以看成是对生态空间正外部性产出的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态地租，政府以公共财政购买的形式</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">将农地的正外部效益以内部化的方式给</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">予产权所有者，是对农地发展权的补偿。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因此，为平抑都市边缘区的大规模农地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">转用造成的城市生态福利的减损，也可</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过“以发展空间换保护空间”的方式</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进行发展权的补偿。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 对过渡圈层和外围圈层可设置<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展权转移的机制。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">将第二次全国土地调查的用地现状</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作为依据，划定城市建设用地与农用地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">边界，在“三旧”改造中划出一定比例</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的集体经济发展用地，通过集约节约利</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用低效用地来提高效益，适度补偿农地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展权的损失，或以稳定的经济收入作</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为激励，激发农民对农地农用的积极性。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/1w7xOX2c1jDHMDXl9b073gUz4lQnT28CfDoToGxz0B4e1hC1xIRtuHpCVVGFlfOfucbf2dmZGLVb6mrFwib1ZUQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);background-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);margin: -7px -7px 0px 5px;padding: 10px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 广州增进生态韧性的应对实证<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在增长主义主导的快速扩张时期，<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">广州的城市区域化进程不断加速，城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间结构出现了大规模的重构，生态空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间的规模效应逐步递减，给城市生态维</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">育带来了巨大冲击，生态系统韧性受到</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">考验。在此背景下，广州开展了一系列</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实践，通过划定都市生态基础设施空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">边界，在核心圈层、外围圈层和过渡圈</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">层采取不同的规划措施应对生态韧性的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">减损，增强城市生态韧性。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 0em;clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 核心圈层：海珠区果树保护区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的国有化止损模式</span></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市核心圈层因为巨大的建设用地<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">需求量，导致其生态韧性损耗最大。广</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">州海珠区果树保护区位于广州都市核心</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">圈层内，20 世纪 90 年代后期，海珠区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">果树保护区持续受到房地产及镇村工业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设的侵蚀，面积从20世纪80年代的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">5 万～ 6 万亩 (3333.3 ～ 4000hm 2 ) 下</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">降到目前的 1.8 万亩 ( 约 1200hm 2 )，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态韧性大规模消减。考虑到该区块对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">广州生态韧性的重要性，广州市政府于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1998 年推出了租地公园化模式，最终</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因财政负担过大而失败。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在 1999 年的《广州市海珠区果树</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保护区总体规划》中，广州市政府基于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市生态安全的考虑，共划定28.37km 2</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的果树保护区，并将其划为基本农田进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行严格管控，但由于没有给农民提供相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">应的经济补偿而难以有效维育。2004年，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">广州市政府推出了“腾笼换鸟”模式，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">将生产、生活、生态空间相互隔离。在</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">果树保护区外围划定各村社的经济发展</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用地，居民也全部外迁安置，旧村被改</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">造成文化创意产业园区，部分愿意务农</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的村民可以转变为农业工人，但由于成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本过大，该政策没有得到推行。2012年，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">广州市政府推出了“只征不转”模式，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">即对城市规划区范围内成片用于生态保</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">护的果林地根据法定权限收为国有，但</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不改变其原有用途，不占用城市建设用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地规模和年度土地利用计划指标。为此，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">广州付出了 60亿元的征地代价，平均</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">每亩果林的补偿达到32.65万元，并将</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">10％的建设用地返还给农村集体作为经</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">济发展留用地。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综上可知，核心圈层生态空间规模<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">较小、需求大、价值高，只有通过代价</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">较大的国有化程序增加制度韧性，才能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保证生态基础设施的建设，实现对生态</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">韧性的止损。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">外围圈层：增城通过划定三大</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">功能板块实现生态韧性的主动增进</strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地处广州外围圈层的增城在研究城<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市发展战略的基础上，通过“政府主导、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划先行、生态补偿、城乡协调”，形</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成各具特色的南、中、北三大主体功能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区，推行差别化的发展模式，实现了经</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">济韧性与生态韧性的双增加。其中，在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">北部生态产业区，限制工业发展；中部</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作为城市建设区，重点推动新型城镇化，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">形成文化体育医疗生活区；南部发展先</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进制造业，形成新型工业区(图6)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslUuXLXg0FF8f2FTZYtuwYWvuxp9UpuCTslibvSOLGibcP3kApcQhkVUFg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此外，增城通过统筹财政转移支付、<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设立北部山区专项发展资金、建立生态</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公益林补偿机制、全额返还北部三镇税</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">收市级留成部分以及创新绩效评估和政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">绩考核机制，实现了城市生态韧性的增</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进，在行政区内构建起了增长主义与生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态主义协调的发展机制，实现了经济—</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态的良性韧性适应循环。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过渡圈层：市场与政府双失效下</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的负向积累</span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过渡圈层处于城市边缘区，由于城<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡剧烈的交互作用，乡村集体谋求经济</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地租的诉求较大，大量农地被转用甚至</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">被违规转用，给城市生态韧性带来了巨</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大挑战。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以广州过渡圈层中的白云区流溪河<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">流域为例，其生态韧性维育就处于市场</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与政府双失效的负向积累状态之中。流</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">溪河流域是二级水源保护区，也是广州</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传统的水源保护区。该地处于广州核心</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城区北部的城乡结合地区，由于城市规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划较粗放，政府对集体行为监管成本大，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同产权主体之间展开了剧烈的空间竞</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">争以获取城市化地租，导致城乡建设用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地蔓延，加剧了生态韧性损耗(图7)。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前，广州过渡圈层中通过划定基</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本农田保护区的生态用地规模达到 13</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">万亩 ( 约 8666.7hm 2 )，是果树保护区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面积的七倍多。如果采用“只征不转”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">模式进行生态韧性止损，公共财政需负</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">担424亿元，成本巨大难以推行；如果</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">只以区域协调模式进行保护，则难以抑</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制乡村各主体对增长主义的倾向。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslb0GS1nrsbVOsHe15m4MdgeHON6dxquNz7TWJOuia2VyibWRCPeX3ym7Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在国家土地用途管制政策日趋严格<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的背景下，政府的征地行为受到越来越</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">严格的约束，特别是在生态敏感性强的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地区，政府的增长主义行为受到严格的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">刚性约束。但是农民的经济理性与国家</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的生态目标并不一致，势必会导致城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态韧性进一步减损，如何构建有效维</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">护过渡圈层生态韧性的公共政策体系尚</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">需深入探讨。同时，在城市边缘区如何</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">平衡各产权主体经济空间生产与生态空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间维育之间的矛盾，除了需要政府加强</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">监管，还需要尊重集体产权所有者的空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间发展权。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/1w7xOX2c1jDHMDXl9b073gUz4lQnT28CfDoToGxz0B4e1hC1xIRtuHpCVVGFlfOfucbf2dmZGLVb6mrFwib1ZUQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);background-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);margin: -7px -7px 0px 5px;padding: 10px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传统的增长主义模式已经不能适<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">应我国城市空间生产步入新常态后的形</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">势，增长主义背景下的城乡建设用地的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过度扩张导致了城市生态韧性的减损，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">只有解决了城市长期积累的生态问题，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市才能适应新的平衡，适应新发展阶</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">段的要求。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着城市扩张速度减缓，城市发展<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">逐渐从粗放外延扩张向品质内涵提升转</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">变，城市生态规划也应从以发展和目标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为主导向以管控和底线为主导转变。因</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此，需要加强生态基础设施供给，以韧</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性的制度框架作为保障，约束城市增长</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">边界、优化空间结构。本文从功能、产权、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市场及政府四者的空间关系辨析城市生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态韧性及其圈层结构特征，发现：核心</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">圈层的生态韧性受到外部冲击的强度最</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">强，但通过国有化止损后能达到稳定状</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态；外围圈层的生态韧性受到外部冲击</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的强度最弱，但也容易通过构建区域协</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">调机制而达到新的稳定状态；过渡圈层</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是城乡交互作用最剧烈的地区，面临快</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">速变迁的问题，生态空间规模大，涉及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主体多，稳定性最差。从核心圈层至外</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">围圈层，生态需求、政策力度均逐渐减</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">弱，产权类型逐渐走向有利于公共产品</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保护的国有化形式，功能类型则逐渐从</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传统农田过渡到公园化，从农业生态功</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">能转变为生态功能。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/1w7xOX2c1jDHMDXl9b073gUz4lQnT28CfDoToGxz0B4e1hC1xIRtuHpCVVGFlfOfucbf2dmZGLVb6mrFwib1ZUQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 1.5em;margin-bottom: -35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px;width: 100%;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2017年8期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">都市生态圈层结构及韧性演进：</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理论框架与广州实证</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px 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class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                         </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</span></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</span></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</span></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</span></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</span></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/n89CNA2n5AqiaffvPQEPssWLiaYQulhvhswCV68ib5ia6C4acCaX2JW3q36xPOFpPx5vpfqYwLz2D4mhUwOfTEOYAQ/0?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: 1.2602% 100.746%;background-repeat: repeat-x;background-size: 76.798%;background-attachment: scroll;padding: 10px 10px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 61.8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: -10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更</p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多</p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">精</p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">彩</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">请猛戳右边二维码</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 38.2%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公众号ID</p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicsl4EfUJMmOSV7ZbcribDBqIQJO62prh0jgDRjicvQibUgdYTfIz0e0k7UAg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-left: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);border-right: 2px solid rgb(32, 84, 156);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section>
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