国匠城工作台

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<section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;height: 4em;border-radius: 50%;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslI7L5Bn5FFQCCUZWMYmVuSic1cEml7icQVick7XrqDmgbEsOqdfyH7LVeQ/0?wx_fmt=png");background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"> <img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslI7L5Bn5FFQCCUZWMYmVuSic1cEml7icQVick7XrqDmgbEsOqdfyH7LVeQ/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-left: 1.2em;margin-top: -1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2em;margin-left: 1em;border-bottom-left-radius: 1em;border-left: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);max-width: 85% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-left: 1.5em;line-height: 1.5;padding-right: 0.5em;font-size: 11px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主题：韧性城市理论与规划方法变革</p></section></section><section style="float: left;width: 5%;margin-left: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;margin-top: 1.82em;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 5em;transform: rotate(-25deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(-25deg);-moz-transform: rotate(-25deg);-o-transform: rotate(-25deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);width: 5em;margin: 2.45em 0px -0.5em 3.3em;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: block;float: left;padding: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);line-height: 1;margin-right: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">【编者按】</p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: block;padding-top: 5px;min-height: 4.5em !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(173, 37, 74);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市作为最复杂的社会生态系统，自其形成以来便持续地遭受着来自外界和自身的各种冲击与扰动，为应对由此带来的<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市危机、提升城市防灾减灾能力，国内外展开了韧性城市的相关理论研究与建设实践。2016年联合国公布的《新城市议程》提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出城市的发展愿景：“可以在韧性和永续的城市和人类社区定居、生产，并提高所有人的生活质量促进繁荣”。在此愿</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如何引入韧性城市理论，提高城市系统面对灾害事件等不确定性因素的响应与适应能力，促进韧性城市规划方法的变革，增强城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市韧性，成为规划界关注的热点与焦点问题。本期“规划师论坛”栏目以“韧性城市理论与规划方法变革”为主题，探讨韧性城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市视角下的城市灾害韧性评估、城市防灾减灾规划策略、气候适应性规划技术及其流域、都市和社区韧性提升实践等，以飨读者。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/897l6tgZNCRXaBA81BbMabBH3zbyWvAjFvU4T2PJO1mbzoufjPYL1l1ODW76E2xM9dKZDt3Igs0AWW6Ry8zFPg/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/1w7xOX2c1jDHMDXl9b073gUz4lQnT28CfDoToGxz0B4e1hC1xIRtuHpCVVGFlfOfucbf2dmZGLVb6mrFwib1ZUQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【规划师论坛6】</strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">韧性城市理论引导下的城市防灾减灾规划探讨</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>北京大学建筑设计及其理论专业硕士研究生梁宏飞<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2017年第8期撰文，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当前城市面临着各种自然和人为灾害的威胁，如何提升城市应对灾害的韧性并在灾后采取快速有效的措施，是</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现代城市规划的重要议题。基于此，文章以日本神户六甲道车站北地区的灾后重建为研究对象，系统地从环境、制度、个</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体和社会四个方面剖析了其提升社区韧性的过程，提出了实行“土地区划”政策、建立多元参与机制、注重灾害管理教育</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和引入社会住宅的韧性社区建设策略，以期为我国防灾型社区的建设提供有益的借鉴。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%;height: 5px;background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(103, 18, 40), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) white;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]韧性社区；防灾；建设策略；六甲道车站北地区</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号]1006-0022(2017)08-0038-06　　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号]TU984　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码]B</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[引文格式]<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">梁宏飞．日本韧性社区营造经验及启示 ——以神户六甲道车站北地区灾后重建为例[J]．规划师，2017(8)：</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">38-43．</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/1w7xOX2c1jDHMDXl9b073gUz4lQnT28CfDoToGxz0B4e1hC1xIRtuHpCVVGFlfOfucbf2dmZGLVb6mrFwib1ZUQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;padding: 5px 10px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"> </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">韧性社区的内涵<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em;border-right: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 1px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-top: none rgb(103, 18, 40);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">韧性社区包含硬性和软性两个层面的内容，具<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体包括社区的社会韧性、环境韧性、制度韧性和个体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">韧性四个方面(图1)，其建设按照灾害管理系统中准</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">备、应变、恢复和减灾的循环优势预防模式，从硬件</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设施的建设与配置、软性环境的韧性提升着手，完成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区灾前预防准备、灾时应急和灾后有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">序重建3个阶段的建设工作。其中，社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">会韧性建设主要包括应对社区老龄化等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社会问题，在社区引入年轻人群，提升</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区自救能力等；环境韧性建设主要包</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">括防灾空间、逃生路线、避难据点、应</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">变管理中心和防灾设施的建设，以及灾</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">后防灾型住宅的规划；制度韧性建设主</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要包括构建多元的社区建设机制，鼓励</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区团体、社区居民、专家团队和社会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">组织参与到社区营造建设中；个体韧性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设主要包括社区居民对于防灾知识的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">宣传和灾后自救能力的提升。通过政策</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和制度的引导，促进政府、专家团队、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区组织和社区居民共同合作进行社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">营造，创造自助、互助、公助的社会风尚，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设社区救灾空间，完善社区应对灾害</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的能力，以提升社区韧性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslQIm1qBicFGsBHrAzurk4mibWlnUbWDasl5K24VMGR3jlKdWpyVBr38ag/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/1w7xOX2c1jDHMDXl9b073gUz4lQnT28CfDoToGxz0B4e1hC1xIRtuHpCVVGFlfOfucbf2dmZGLVb6mrFwib1ZUQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);margin: -8px 5px 0px -5px;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二 </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>日本韧性社区的发展与演变<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="line-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(0deg);width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;height: 0.14em;margin: 0px -1em;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="" style="padding: 0px 0.5em;margin: -0.14em 0px -0.21em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">20 世纪 70 年代韧性理念开始出现<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在材料科学领域；20 世纪 80 年代韧性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理念被应用到灾害管理中，以探讨灾害</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的成因，部分研究将其译为“脆弱度”；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">20世纪 90年代韧性理念首次被引入到</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划领域，以应对灾害及灾后的重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建问题；21世纪关于韧性理论的研究出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现了生态韧性、社会韧性、韧性城市和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">韧性社区等课题</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。目前关于韧性理论</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的研究多数偏重于对韧性的评价和灾害</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的预防，而关于韧性社区建设的策略和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如何在社区建设中提升社区韧性的研究</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">尚少。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">所谓韧性社区，就是要具备社区韧<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性。社区韧性是指一个社区面对经常性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的灾害或在突发灾害后，能建立、维持</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">或重获一个预期的功能的范围，且这一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">功能的运作效果与灾害发生前相同或有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">所提升</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。通过建设韧性社区，有利于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">维持社区在灾后的正常运作，确保社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">居民的人身财产安全及城市功能的正常</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">运转，实现城市整体的永续发展，提升</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市居民的生活环境品质。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">日本应对灾害和建设韧性社区的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经验是从频繁的大规模自然灾害中汲取</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的，在经历了各大灾害后，日本不断完</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">善应对灾害的政策和法律，并制定了相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关防灾计划。日本的防灾建设经历了灾</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">后应急基本法制建设、灾害预防体制建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设、全面提升社会韧性3个阶段(表1)，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其建设重点也经历了从政策控制到政策</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">引导，从政府主导到多元参与，从环境</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">强化到韧性社区的转变。随着韧性社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设的实践不断丰富，韧性社区概念逐</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">渐成熟</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslt94ax8Skm8OmqeEFANOBHV3lI4ibe6iaNrFKU4ZoNmXFq5U8UERhM9iag/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="line-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;height: 0.14em;margin: 0px -1em;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 1em;height: 1em;padding: 0.2em;border-width: 0.14em;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/1w7xOX2c1jDHMDXl9b073gUz4lQnT28CfDoToGxz0B4e1hC1xIRtuHpCVVGFlfOfucbf2dmZGLVb6mrFwib1ZUQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);background-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);margin: -7px -7px 0px 5px;padding: 10px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三 </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">   <span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span> 六甲道车站北地区灾后重建<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>六甲道车站北地区简介<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">六甲道车站北地区是“阪神大地震”<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">灾后的一个重建单元，南邻 JR 神户线</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和六甲道车站，北接手干线，东临六甲</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本通购物街，西侧为神户市立滩小学，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面积约为 16.1hm 2 ( 图 2)。地震前，该</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区域老旧木屋密集，商业设施集中，开</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">放避难空间不足。“阪神大地震”导致</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">了该地区的土壤液化，70％的建筑被</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">损毁，地震后的火灾导致受灾状况更加</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">严重，约有 60 人遇难</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。如何有效完</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">善基础设施，创造防灾空间，如何向社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区居民传授防灾知识，如何应对社区老</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">龄化，提升社区自救能力，成为六甲道</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">车站北地区灾后重建的核心内容。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslwe3QsicopWw72ctpcjGlEeibibYhwic1BsrByYc12AvzP7MZAmWOcROQLA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(18, 39, 54);box-sizing: border-box;" class=""></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/womAGTKd4M6NJmheeWlPFprrM8czEsZu5kUKjqHdYlGtr8PJjUZ8bJoOCXicYBibiaRMylSRU0A3b2zGr40jnibgdA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;">（二）</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">六甲道车站北地区灾后重建策略</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">解析</span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px;border-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">环境韧性：实行“土地区划”政策，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">开辟防灾公共空间</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地震前，六甲道车站北地区存在道<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">路狭窄、公园等开放空间不足等问题，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而地震造成了大面积的土壤液化，水、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电、通信等基础设施被破坏，该区域应</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对灾害的环境韧性不足。因此，地震后</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">该区域主要是进行基础设施的重建，如</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过拓展城市既有的道路，对公园进行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基盘整备，解决土壤液化问题，创造防</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">灾空间。为提升六甲道车站北地区的环</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">境韧性，日本政府实行了“土地区划”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政策，通过对用地空间位置形态和大小</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的划整以及资金补助的方式，开辟出了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">具有防灾功能的道路用地、广场用地和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公园用地，并对地质进行改良，提升了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区生活品质和土地价值，为进一步进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行住宅重建，吸引人群入住奠定了物质</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基础</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“土地区划”政策的具体操作流程<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是：首先梳理并确认现状土地权属；其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">次对既有片区城市规划道路所形成的街</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区进行划分转移。由于在整个过程中需</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要增加公园用地和道路用地面积，导致</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">每一户居民所持有的土地面积都有所减</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">少，因此政府依据补偿标准对减少的土</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地量进行资金补偿，以完成土地的重新</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分配和道路公园的建设(图3)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslDYgY2ic5Ojt2012YZiajbOBVtwuiazEgrcp98ODicYWe8BDu7IdkRvuicTg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自“土地区划”政策施行后，六甲<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">道车站北地区开辟了六甲町公园、六甲</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">道北公园和森后公园等兼具生活休闲及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">防灾避难功能的空间。同时，该区域重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新建设了城市道路和步行专用道路，疏</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通了避难和救灾的通道，完善了地区范</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">围内的救灾医疗、消防等配套设施，并</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对区域的硬件抗灾和灾后恢复能力进行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">了系统的规划。以六甲道北公园为例，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">依据规划已将其建设成面积为8 000m 2</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的防灾型公园，在草坪上配有婴幼儿的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综合游乐设施、池塘、凉亭和花池，使</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其成为居民休闲娱乐的场所。此外，它</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">也被定位为小区防灾中心，配置了水量</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为100吨的防火水槽，在紧急的情况下</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可以作为临时避难场所(图4)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslFfIJJ1kLmLFlUbYnb0HcU8snBE6Dliclb2IjIbF1dR3RB3ZZlkw8njg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px;border-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制度韧性：建立多元参与机制，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">促进“官学民”三方合作</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">单一主体的重建模式在面对大范围<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">灾害时往往力量单薄，缺乏灵活的弹性。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而六甲道车站北地区在灾后重建中成立</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">了居民、政府及专家三方参与的六甲道</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">车站北地区社区营造联合协议会，开创</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">了“官学民”三方合作的模式。在这一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">模式中，社区居民作为社区发展协议会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主体参与社区发展计划，政府出台政策</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和计划(财政、补助计划及法律支持)，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为灾后重建提供支援，专家与民间团体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">协作参与灾后重建，并设立社区咨询中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">心。这种合作方式保证了灾后重建的顺</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利进行(图5)，有序地完成了灾后重建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">工作 (表2)，活跃了社区组织，提升了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">民众进行社区自我营造的能力，培养了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">统筹社区发展的人才。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslCzXgg1Uubwzg1s9aGVQvw7md8fnIjdVKuyZBedvVwrxrehDnsuQUhQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px;border-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">个体韧性：注重灾害管理教育，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">提升民众防灾自救能力</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当遇到灾害时，个体做出正确的自<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">救行为能够大大减少灾害产生的影响。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因此，在提升个体韧性方面，日本政府</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在提高民众防灾意识和普及防灾知识上</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">付出了很多的努力，依照“关于推进减</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">灾国民运动的基本方针”，从防灾活动、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">知识传播、防灾投资、多元协作和防灾</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实践等方面做出了全面指导。例如，积</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">极培养在校学生的防灾意识，编制《危</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">机管理与应对手册》等教材，指导中小</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">学开展防灾教育活动；开展多样化的防</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">灾教育活动，宣传“自助、互助和公助”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">意识，确立了灾害管理日、灾害志愿者</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">周、火灾预防运动和雪崩防灾周等纪念</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">日，并在纪念日当天组织多样的防灾宣</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传活动，全面提升社区居民防灾自救能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">力；注重防灾演练，鼓励社区居民成立</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“灾害管理志愿者”组织，让民众了解</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">救灾物资的使用方法，并提供场地举行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大规模的防灾演练，以确保基层团体能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">够在灾害来临时快速地协助疏散居民。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此外，内阁府为了推进防灾志愿者活动，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">积极为广大志愿者提供开展活动的信</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">息，搭建交流的平台，并向接受方的地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方公共团体等提供专门知识，推进防灾</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">志愿者活动的广域协作</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px;border-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4.社会韧性：引入社会住宅，组织<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区居民参与社区建设</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区的社会韧性表现在社区年龄结<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">构的稳定上，社区居民之间的关系密切。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">六甲道车站北地区在重建中为了提升区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">域的社会韧性，一方面从人群结构上增</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">加年轻人比例，在住宅重建中，引入了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社会住宅 ，并优先保证青年租客的申</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">请，以应对社区高龄化严重的问题；另</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一方面通过鼓励组织民众参与到社区公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共空间的建设与维护中，以加深社区民</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">众之间的联系，如鼓励居民以提案的方</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">式对土地区划后的道路与公园的规划设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">计提出要求，在公共空间举办社区活动，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">庆祝社区居民对于社区建设的努力。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同时，老年人口作为社会的弱势</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">群体，保证他们能有效应对灾害是整个</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社会韧性提升的重要组成部分。为此，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">日本从国家层面建立了避险支援指导方</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">针，从信息传达体制、信息共享、避险</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">支援规划、避险地点支援和多机构合作</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">五个方面进行了针对性的指导(表3)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslQS0gRcM3T2HLotkVc3ickI1fEIcEnQ5HpTv2vyLurt8f0zAsLeibeAeg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/1w7xOX2c1jDHMDXl9b073gUz4lQnT28CfDoToGxz0B4e1hC1xIRtuHpCVVGFlfOfucbf2dmZGLVb6mrFwib1ZUQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);background-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);margin: -7px -7px 0px 5px;padding: 10px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四 </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">对我国社区建设的启示</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国社区建设尚处于起步阶段，社<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区集体意识薄弱，社区居民之间的交流</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">非常少，社区硬件的建设在建筑和环境</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设完成后很少继续推进，社区文化建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设不足</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。当灾害发生时，传统“自上</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而下”的应急救灾方法已经不能有效利</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用黄金救灾时间，因此加强社区自主防</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">灾能力，提升社区韧性已经成为我国社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区建设必须要考虑的问题。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">日本神户六甲道车站北地区韧性社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区的建设，全面提升了社区硬性和软性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">两个层面的韧性，对于促进我国社区硬</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">件防灾设施的完善，提升我国社区的抗</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">灾能力，实现我国社区的健康发展具有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">参考意义。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实施“长期营造”的总体发展</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">策略</span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国韧性社区建设尚停留在初级的<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">硬件建设阶段，长期的以开发商为主体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的社区建设模式丧失了“民众是社区营</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">造主体”的意识，导致社区软性建设的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">落后，社区的自主能力建设不足。因此，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国的韧性社区建设应秉承“长期营造”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的理念，增强民众的社区主体意识，鼓</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">励居民参与到韧性社区建设的工作中。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 设立社区发展补助计划，鼓励<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区民众自主参与社区发展事务。在社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区营造中，通过政府提供资金补助，专</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家团队提供技术支持，民众参与社区事</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">务，实现长期建设。城市不同的部门都</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要参与到相关补助计划中，从政策上为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区发展提供引导，如交通局可以通过</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">补助计划鼓励社区完善停车空间；规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">局可以鼓励社区进行公共空间的美化；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公安局可以鼓励社区成立社区志愿者巡</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">逻队等。实现社区“长期营造”的目标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不能一蹴而就，需要一个过程。首先，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成立社区发展协会等非政府团体，申请</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">并组织执行社区发展计划，以提升民众</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的社区主体意识，凝聚社区共识；其次，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要根据社区发展的情况，鼓励社区组织</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自发提出社区建设方案，由规划部门对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方案的可行性进行评估，并提供政策和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资金上的协助。通过这样的过渡，逐步</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实现社区居民自主参与社区发展。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 在高龄社区引入社区住宅。我<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国的社区已经初步呈现老龄化特征，社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区居民对救灾知识掌握不足，实际行动</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">能力低下，因此可采用城市更新的方式，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在部分老旧社区中兴建社会住宅，吸引</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">青年租客。我国很多廉租房的品质较差，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间设计不合理，新建的社会住宅应在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设标准与空间配置上有一定的保证。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此外，可建议青年租客参与社区发展工</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作，与社区其他居民建立友好的关系，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为社区发展提出积极的建议，达到互惠</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">双赢的效果。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 探索社区自主更新的方式，完<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">善社区防灾空间建设。我国的城市经过</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多年发展已存在很多老旧社区，其环境</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">韧性严重不足。而我国城市是以“自上</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而下”的方式进行更新的，建设的主体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多为开发商或者政府，难以令社区居民</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对社区产生认同感，这对于社区集体是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一种破坏。因此，我国需探索自主更新</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的方式，结合“土地区划”策略，在专</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家团队的协助下，对社区进行最优规划，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">完善社区防灾空间，提升社区硬件韧性，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">并根据社区的发展不断进行自我更新。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（二）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>鼓励多元参与<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国的灾后重建大多采用政府主<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">导、志愿者协助、居民自建或向外省转</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">移安置受灾民众的方式，在短期内缓解</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">了灾后重建的压力。但是由于政府、专</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家和社区缺乏明确的职能分工，导致灾</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">后重建工作缺乏效率，在整个重建过程</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中忽略了受灾民众的真实期望。因此，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建议构建政府相关部门合作平台、专家</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合作交流平台和社区居民交流平台，鼓</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">励多元组织参与重建，明确社区建设中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">各个组织的工作内容和相互间的关系，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以提升重建工作的效率。具体内容包括</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以下两个方面。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 明确政府、社会和社区三方在<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区建设中扮演的角色及其职责范围。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政府制定相关政策引导重建工作，并为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">重建工作提供资金补助，全面统筹社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设；社会专家团体 ( 主要指社区营造</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和城市发展专家 )通过组织社区居民共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同探讨社区发展方向，凝聚社区集体共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">识，用专业知识协助社区发展，提升社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区进行自我建设的能力；社区居民则是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区建设的主要力量，通过申请和执行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政府的发展计划共同建设社区。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 完善资源信息整合平台，将政<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">府和社会资源向社区倾斜。成立专有组</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">织，建立与媒体、社会资源、专业机构</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和社区组织等交流的平台，保障信息的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有效沟通、社会资本最大程度的整合、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区能力的有效提升及社区经济产业的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">良好发展。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（三）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>推行“小组团”空间整备模式<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国的社区空间规划和建设虽然存<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在组团的概念，但是由于我国有很多高</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">层、超高层住宅社区，在社区规划中依</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">照公共设施服务半径确定组团规模，导</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">致城市中出现了较大的组团，组团内的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">居民数量庞大，居民之间交流很少，不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">利于社区软性层面的建设。因此，我国</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">需以“小组团”的模式进行社区规划，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">结合社区人数进行小的营造组团的划分</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">工作，以1～2hm 2 尺度为组团进行社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区组团细化，以小组团为基本单元进行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">韧性社区营造工作。具体内容包括以下</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">三个方面。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)在新建小区规划中，按照“小而<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">均”的原则分散布置防灾广场和公园用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地，将其作为中心进行“小组团”式规划，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">缩小防灾空间的服务半径，并配备足够</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的防灾设施，如电池、药品、纱布和手</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电筒等。在整个社区的中心配置一定的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间作为社区防灾救灾的学习场所。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 对于已建成的小区，也可以对<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区进行小组团划分。在需要建设防</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">灾空间的区域，通过建筑或地产权转移</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的方式进行空间的建设与完善，高层建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">筑避难空间在特殊情况下也可以连通起</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来，以提高居民疏散转移的效率。在已</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经建设好的公共空间中构建适当的空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间，作为社区防灾演练的场所，完善防</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">灾功能。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 成立专有部门，对建筑耐震、<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">防火等防灾能力进行确认，并出台相关</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">问责条例，保证建筑具有严格的建设标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">准和足够抗灾的能力，为救灾应急提供</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">硬件保障。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin: -5px 0px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（四）</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>增强防灾教育<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-left: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);border-right: 2px solid rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国在防灾教育方面有所欠缺，民<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">众对于防灾知识的掌握不够，在面临突</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发危机时，往往不能及时做出正确应对。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">防灾教育尤其是个体对于灾害知识的掌</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">握是防灾建设和韧性社区营造的重要内</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">容，必须要加大教育宣传力度，出台更</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为明确的政策和严格的法律条文，要求</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">学校、社区等组织宣传防灾知识，以全</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面提升我国民众的防灾能力。具体内容</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包括以下三个方面。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 在国家政策层面，组织相关专<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家完善汇总灾前预警演练、灾时应急救</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">灾和灾后重建的相关知识，构建完整的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">防灾知识系统，通过出版相关教材、指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">导手册、检查手册、操作手册及视频，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">促进知识的有效传播。出台相关规定，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">将普及防灾知识作为各级政府工作的考</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">核内容，由各级政府执行。通过中央政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">府与各级政府的协作，推进防灾知识的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">普及。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 在学校教育中，将减灾、自我<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保护和救灾作为一门独立的课程，并以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实践演练作为考核方式。定期举办灾害</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发生时的演练活动，让学生认识到灾害</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随时会发生，必须做好自我保护的准备。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 在社区宣传防灾知识，邀请相<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关专家定期组织各类灾害活动讲座，将</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">救灾手册分发到每个家庭，并进行自我</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">保护及救灾演练。社区防灾路线和救灾</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设备的使用方法也要通过社区活动进行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传达，不断提升居民自助、互助的意识。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/1w7xOX2c1jDHMDXl9b073gUz4lQnT28CfDoToGxz0B4e1hC1xIRtuHpCVVGFlfOfucbf2dmZGLVb6mrFwib1ZUQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-left: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-right: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;height: 0.8em;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;background: rgb(17, 19, 22);margin-left: -2px;border-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 8px;padding-top: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-bottom: 5px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);background-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);margin: -7px -7px 0px 5px;padding: 10px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五 </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市面临着各种灾害，社区作为居<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">民生活的场所，是城市的最小单元，更</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是直接面对灾害的单元。在社区发展建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设中不断完善社区抗灾能力，提升社区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">韧性，是减轻灾害损失的有效手段。在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">未来的城市发展和建设中，建设韧性社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区和提升建成社区的韧性越来越重要，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这也将成为建设社会主义和谐社会、实</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现社会永续发展的一个手段。本文以日</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本神户地区六甲道车站北地区灾后重建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为例，系统地剖析其推行“土地区划”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政策、鼓励多元参与、灾害管理教育和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">引入社会住宅的具体策略，并从环境、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制度、个体和社会四个方面分析其提升</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社区韧性的过程，以期为我国防灾型社</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区的建设拓展新的思路与方法。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/1w7xOX2c1jDHMDXl9b073gUz4lQnT28CfDoToGxz0B4e1hC1xIRtuHpCVVGFlfOfucbf2dmZGLVb6mrFwib1ZUQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 1.5em;margin-bottom: -35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px;width: 100%;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2017年8期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">日本韧性社区营造经验及启示</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">——以神户六甲道车站北地区灾后重建为例</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(103, 18, 40);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section 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src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgI0kBJBibOH4DMj3OkxDicslvCXsibYDFrB7fz0p4icdx5RicPP93zVUia9QkGF7NeYvoiaDGDD6z0C4bibA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                         </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</span></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</span></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</span></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</span></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</span></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/n89CNA2n5AqiaffvPQEPssWLiaYQulhvhswCV68ib5ia6C4acCaX2JW3q36xPOFpPx5vpfqYwLz2D4mhUwOfTEOYAQ/0?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: 1.2602% 100.746%;background-repeat: repeat-x;background-size: 76.798%;background-attachment: scroll;padding: 10px 10px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 61.8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: -10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" 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class="" style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多</p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: 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