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<section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miauWSZ69lcB3JebRia6WMTUd7lDiaQA2poIfBibkxp8eYAMpa4ecGCZGicYZDL8oMX6AbF8EnvKVYLDJA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miauWSZ69lcB3JebRia6WMTUd7lDiaQA2poIfBibkxp8eYAMpa4ecGCZGicYZDL8oMX6AbF8EnvKVYLDJA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);float: left;border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);float: right;border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);padding: 10px;margin: -1px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="transform: rotateZ(344.54deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(344.54deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(344.54deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(344.54deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: -80px 0% 0px;font-size: 13px;transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 5em;height: 5em;margin: auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;border-radius: 100%;box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 10px;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table;width: 100%;height: 5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;line-height: 1.3;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">导语<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">郑州大学建筑学院副教授黄晶，郑州大学建筑学院副教授贾新锋，和中国建筑上海设计研究院有限公司的李勋<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.28;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2017年第8期撰文，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">指出了城市公共空间的质量决定着城市生活品质。街道空间是城市公共生活的重要载体，存量规划语境下的“小街区，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">密路网”导向为街道公共空间的发展提供了新的方向。文章采用实地定点调研、与空间句法轴线地图及百度热力图对比的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方法，分析了不同方法对街道空间中人行活动反映的侧重点，提取其中有效的信息，为街区空间公共化改造提供参考。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);float: left;border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);float: right;border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]街区；人行活动；城市公共空间；综合量化分析</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号] 1006-0022(2017)08-0085-07 　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号] TU984.11 + 3 　</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码] B</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ]<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">黄晶，贾新锋，李勋．基于综合量化分析的城市街区空间公共化改造 ——以郑州主城区一般城市街区为例[J]．</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划师，2017(8)：85-91．</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/vTBV7oH90yOknLmZ2Q2sSwySdZyia2QNA7P9PRO8u6FrWAjVGpQtluCg6j5eia0icvAX6oZAUF6GnLhn47aRwibPgA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 存量规划语境下城市公共空间的发展机遇<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: left;margin-top: -10px;margin-left: 26px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: right;margin-top: -10px;margin-right: 20px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">近三十年以来，伴随着我国城市的快速扩张，城<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市公共空间的建设也被给予了前所未有的关注，城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中更多的公共绿地、广场、公园和商业步行街兴建了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">起来</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 。然而，在这个“发展高于一切的时代”，公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共空间的“数量”比“质量”显得更加重要，它“并</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">非一个真实的存在，而是抽象的，远离普通市民的生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活体验和需求”，主要“表达了决策者的意图和设计</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">师的愿望”。在这样“宏大叙事”的体系中，许多城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市公共空间“与市民的日常生活告别，与公共活动疏</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">离，与实际需求对立，有的受到了无情的伤害和冷遇”，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有的甚至变成背离本意的“作秀场”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面对现状，城市公共空间的发展应该何去何从？</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现阶段，我国城市规划正处于从增量规划到存量规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划的转型期。存量规划的语境为城市公共空间的发展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">界定了新的方向 —— 重视对现有城市建成区的空间改</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">造，而不是对新扩片区的开发。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道具有转化为重要城市日常公共空间的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">潜质</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道是分布最广泛、最触手可及的城市公共空<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间，是城市居民日常生活的“必经之地”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和没有身份限制的城市空间，依附于街</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">道及相关区域所发生的相对分散的日常</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公共生活更符合我国城市居民的行为习</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">惯与心理惯式</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。近些年，随着机动车</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的增加，城市街道空间资源逐步被机动</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">车占据，加之机动车带来的空气污染、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">噪声污染以及其他不安全因素，步行及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">相关公共活动正在被一步步“驱离”出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“开放街区”的提出为公共空间</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">提供了发展机遇</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在我国城市建成区中，大尺度封<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">闭街区、低密度路网现象的普遍存在，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">造成了城市空间资源并没有得到有效利</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用。城市空间的流动性不强、使用效率</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">较低，公共空间匮乏</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 。以郑州为例，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其不同城市区段的城市街区边长多超过</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">300m，这一指标高于很多美国城市以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">及一些欧洲、亚洲和南美洲的城市对街</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区尺寸的限制</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(图1)。2016年2月，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国务院发布的《中共中央 国务院关于进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一步加强城市规划建设管理工作的若干</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">意见》指出城市要“优化街区路网结构”，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“树立‘窄马路、密路网’的城市道路</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">布局理念” 。“超级街区”的打开并</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不仅仅意味着路网的加密，还带来了更</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多具有转化为公共空间潜质的城市空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资源—— 沿街空间。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miauWSZ69lcB3JebRia6WMTUdGkNw2WKv2H4wxvEDWHpREKJanlMwricQZnKLINs4Fhlmlic7ZPJibVpIw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文试图结合我国城市街道与街区<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对空间利用的现状，以郑州为例，寻</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">找城市街区中潜在的、没有被日常公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生活充分利用的空间资源，并对这些空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间的公共化改造方法与途径进行探索。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市建成环境是复杂与多样的，如</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">何在现有的城市经济与社会条件下，避</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">免对既有生活的破坏，科学、精准及有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">效地对城市街区进行公共化改造是研究</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的关键。本文运用多途径的量化分析，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">了解人行活动与城市空间之间的关系，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">形成对研究区域相对精确的评价，以指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">导和优化设计。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/vTBV7oH90yOknLmZ2Q2sSwySdZyia2QNA7P9PRO8u6FrWAjVGpQtluCg6j5eia0icvAX6oZAUF6GnLhn47aRwibPgA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二 </strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 街区空间人行活动的综合量化<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分析</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: left;margin-top: -10px;margin-left: 26px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: right;margin-top: -10px;margin-right: 20px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文以郑州主城区西部一个普通城<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市区段为研究对象(图2)。该区域处于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">郑州的老城，相较于新区，建筑与人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">口密度都比较高。区域周边多为大型国</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有厂矿，主要具有居住、工业、学校及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">商业等功能。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miauWSZ69lcB3JebRia6WMTUdDSdLEPUvn42fibQP45BxaqZlRrRMV88ZNTWX84Z7BTPKxYmiabhAIDzA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文采用现场调研、空间句法轴线<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地图和百度热力图这三种活动的采集与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分析方法，收集、研究该区域的人行活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动数据与街道空间特征，并进行比较，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分析不同数据收集与分析方法的特点，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">挖掘数据背后隐藏的线索，得出对街区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间公共化研究的有效信息，为下一步</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究提供支撑。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 0.96;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>街区人行活动的实地定点调研<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 0.96;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街区人行活动的调研工作是以实地<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">调研收集数据为基础的。在研究区域中，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主要选择临近公共空间、临近商业空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和临近住宅区三种类型共 14 个街道空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间节点展开研究，希望通过定点研究“勾</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">画”出区域人行活动的基本情况与特征。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">调研内容为工作日与休息日不同时段各</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">个节点的人流量以及人行活动类型与所</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">占比例。为保证数据的相对可靠，各个</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">节点的数据为跨度近 10 个月的抽样活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动量的平均数。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">调研发现，临近商业空间的街道节<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点普遍聚集了较多的人行活动，如节点</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">5、节点 6、节点 7、节点 8、节点 9 和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">节点 10( 临天龙大厦、泰隆大厦、中原</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">商贸城等大中型商业商务空间 )。在临</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">近公共空间的街道节点，人行活动量变</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化差异较大，其中节点3(临五一公园)</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">无论是在工作日还是在休息日，人行活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动量均最高；而节点4(临市委前绿地)、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">节点2(临群众艺术宫)的人行活动量都</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">很低(图3)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miauWSZ69lcB3JebRia6WMTUd05Th88FFqRFPjvQRLubOodqALvOZDby0Rx59Ta4b2c9icQjjZVAADibg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在研究区域中，除交通及其相关活<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动外，其他人行活动较少 ( 有少量的观</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">望、交谈、娱乐等其他公共活动的发生)</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(表1，表2)。即使在城市非通勤时段(如</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">工作日的10：00～10：15、14：00～</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">14：15等时段)也是类似的情况。在休</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">息日，观望、交谈与娱乐等活动所占比</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">例较工作日有一定的提升。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miauWSZ69lcB3JebRia6WMTUddAuDvFkpysRt5siarFaUHCibpf6w1MeVl5c120Jwg34pOJBwt1A4KOoQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miauWSZ69lcB3JebRia6WMTUd03t92RaZLvm5B0LDib1SKiaaaZM69dZ2Wh2dj471P2eJsn7xAcnBTsHA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道空间定点调研数据与轴线</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地图分析对比</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间句法是近些年被广泛应用于分<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">析城市空间与建筑空间的一种计算软件，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">它能够精确地描述城市的物理复杂性。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间句法轴线地图可以明确表征城市中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的街道体系，以形成城市整体构形，并</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在此基础上有效地分析城市空间形态，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">预测城市体系中的人流和物质流</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。轴</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">线地图集成度多被用来衡量街道的可达</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">性，图中颜色越偏暖色，代表集成度越</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">高，空间可达性越高。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道的可达性表达了人们到达不同<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道的难易程度。可达性高的街道及周</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">边区域是具有更高公共化潜质的城市空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间。通过轴线地图的分析可以看出，研</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">究区域中部分城市街道如市场街、协作</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">路，因为在文化宫路上终止，所以集成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度不高。研究区域街区内部的道路一般</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">都为“断头路”，仅有少量的接口与城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市道路相连接，整体集成度均偏低。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对照现场调研结果可以发现，理论</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上的街道可达性高并不意味着街道空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的人行活动量大，它还受周边功能、空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间形态等因素的影响(图4)。整体而言，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究区域内人流量与轴线地图分析的结</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">果有一定的对应关系。例如，友爱路的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集成度较高，调研节点中人流量相对较</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大的节点—— 节点3(临五一公园)、节</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点 9( 临友爱路市场 ) 和节点 7( 临锦绣</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">华城 ) 多集中在这条街道上。然而，一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">些街道节点的人流量与集成度值的高低</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">并不一致。例如，节点3(临五一公园 )</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与节点4(临市委绿地)均位于研究区域</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">集成度最高的街道一侧，但两者的人行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活动量差异巨大。市委绿地周边多党政</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">机关，周边几乎没有其他日常公共生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设施，且毗邻的中原路道路宽、车流量</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大，进入难度高，使用者少，这些都是</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">导致节点4人行活动量偏低的原因。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miauWSZ69lcB3JebRia6WMTUdVfYAENbVHSyicibkkZTSvaPRb0mSJ3gRow2tvdq5dRRrxqJPCyibxqZGw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道空间人行活动数据与百度</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">热力图对比分析</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">百度热力图通过手机基站获取特定<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区域的手机用户数量，并在地图上使用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同颜色展示该地区人的活动密度。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过对比可以看出，百度热力图能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">够显示出在特定时间点的城市空间人口</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">密度。但是，由于热力图中人的密度边</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">界相对模糊，且活动被抽象成单纯的数</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">字，故难以准确反映出人行活动的空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">边界，同时也无法区分活动类型。例如，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">节点6的西北十字路口出现了大量的人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">流聚集，主要原因在于此处有一个地铁</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">站，大部分人均集中在地下空间中。这</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">单纯从热力图上是很难了解到的。与之</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">相反，实地定点调研因为采用的是人力</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">查数、统计方法，所以在数据采集的数</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">量上远远少于热力图。但是，定点调研</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">具有更强的目标性，它能够有效区分活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动类型与有效活动数据(图5)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miauWSZ69lcB3JebRia6WMTUdGv1bFQM2oLLgewLUnRuhytXMUU3qTiaiawLVNXibTseN5WReDXHATsCMQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">热力图全局地呈现出了研究区域人<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">口密度的相对关系，清晰地突显出了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">聚集大量人流的城市场所及其聚集时间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">—— 节点6(临泰隆大厦)与节点10(临</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大商商场 )周边是研究区域中相对集中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的人流聚集区，沿文化宫路与百花路也</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有一些相对集中的聚集点。在不同时段</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的热力图中，节点6周边均显示出大量</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人流聚集，原因在于有一个地铁站点位</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">于临节点6的十字路口地下，在工作日</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">8：00 与 12：00 均是人们集中出行的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">时段(在郑州，一些单位有午休的习惯，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">所以在12：00有一个交通的小高峰)。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在 12：00、16：00 与 18：00 的热力</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图中，节点 6附近的人流集中区域 (红</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">色区域 ) 出现了向西南偏移的现象，原</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因在于该地段有高层商务办公楼，能够</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">容纳大量人流。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/vTBV7oH90yOknLmZ2Q2sSwySdZyia2QNA7P9PRO8u6FrWAjVGpQtluCg6j5eia0icvAX6oZAUF6GnLhn47aRwibPgA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;transform: translate3d(2px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(2px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(2px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(2px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 50px;height: 10px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);margin: auto;border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-radius: 20px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);padding: 2px 15px;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 基于综合量化分析的街区空间</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公共化改造设计</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市空间需要具备两项基本要素，<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">才能实现真正的公共化：一是具有步行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">能够到达且吸引人的目的地；二是具有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">能够连接目的地的安全、便利、舒适、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">连续的城市路网</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。对于我国城市而言，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道是重要的城市公共空间，基于综合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">量化分析的街区空间公共化改造旨在结</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合对人行活动的综合量化分析，相对全</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面、精确地对城市街区空间进行描述与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">评价，预测它们在改造与转变为城市公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共空间方面的潜质。以此为依据，优化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街区路网结构，改造、建造更为小规模</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(Lighter)、低造价(Cheaper)和短工期</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(Quicker) 的沿街公共设施</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，为城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">居民的日常生活提供更多、更适宜的城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市公共空间。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）加密与连通城市街道</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道网络的改进主要通过“路网密<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度的增加”和“街道连通性的加强”两</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">个途径实现。在图4的街道现状轴线地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图分析中可以看到，原有街区内部道路</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的集成度都相对较低，这意味着这些道</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">路的可达性较差。而“路网密度的增加”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与“街道连通性的加强”两个途径有助</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">于提高道路的可达性，建构连续的、相</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对密集的街道体系，并将原本封闭的大</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街区打开，使更多具有成为公共空间潜</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">质的城市空间毗邻街道。“在连通的街</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">道系统中，运动长度更短、更为有效，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">5 分钟的步行距离也能够覆盖更大的城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市区域。在无小汽车干扰的前提下，连</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通的街道系统能够为人们提供更多的服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">务与娱乐设施”  。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过实地调研，进一步确定打通<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的“断头路”以及新增设的街道，并考</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">察城市路网的改造是否会影响街区空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以及主要建筑的正常使用。在经过改进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的路网中，街道被划分为不同级别与间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">距 —— 新的机动车道路的平均距离约为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">160m；在必要的地段增加步行道路，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间距尽量保持在80m左右 。新建路网</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">能够缓解研究区域的部分交通拥堵及人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">车混杂问题，并提高部分街区空间的可</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">达性(图6)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miauWSZ69lcB3JebRia6WMTUdsficazYHuVLMv8ApAPgHibwyOibWtia94QWtO7Z9mTaedHmFYW5gWstc8w/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">运用轴线地图对研究区域改造后的<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">路网进行r=3的局部集成度分析，发现</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">整体上新建路网具有更好的连通性，道</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">路的可达性也高于现状路网；同时，也</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可以显示出新建路网中具有较多人流及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">较高商业价值的城市街道  (图7)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miauWSZ69lcB3JebRia6WMTUdiaH5BONdaW8fR2FQF16nHHngjPiaeu7TZ0X3Vs7cUia3QjicjqurY8b9iaQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;margin: 0.5em 0px;line-height: 1.2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);margin-bottom: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 0.96;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>构建沿街日常公共生活空间体系<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 0.96;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 2px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;height: 2em;padding: 0.3em 0.5em;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.改造框架的建构</p></section><section class="" style="width: 0.5em;display: inline-block;height: 2em;vertical-align: top;border-bottom: 1em solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-top: 1em solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(49, 37, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 确定研究区域内的活力点：依<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">据各个时段的百度热力图(参考图5)，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">参考定点调研的数据，可以推断出研究</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区域内的活力点，这些活力点是聚集了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大量人行活动的城市场所。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 选择建议重点改造街道：依据<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">改造后路网的 r=3 局部集成度分析 ( 参</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">考图7)，确定区域中集成度较高的街道，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">并选择重点改造街道。建议重点改造的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">街道区域并不一定是轴线地图中局部集</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成度最高街道所在的地段。因为研究区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">域地处郑州高密度的老城区，一些集成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度高的现状街道的公共化程度、开发强</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度较高，所以此次改造设计选择了新设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">立的可达性较高的街道作为建议重点改</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">造街道。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)明确重点改造的人行活动节点：<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">依据研究区域内活力点的位置，在建议</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">重点改造街道上，参考沿街建筑与空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间条件，选择重点改造的人行活动节点</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">( 图 8)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miauWSZ69lcB3JebRia6WMTUdUF3lSt5UHNBl9a7t6KakcfgUusIca871d5XjBK5Bn32LV0w9e2jdgQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 2px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;height: 2em;padding: 0.3em 0.5em;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.改造区域的功能配置</p></section><section class="" style="width: 0.5em;display: inline-block;height: 2em;vertical-align: top;border-bottom: 1em solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-top: 1em solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">调研发现，在研究区域中商业以及<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">毗邻车流量较小街道和住宅区的城市绿</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地更能吸引人行活动的发生(参考图3)。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新的路网体系创造了更多具有成为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市公共空间潜质的沿街空间。该类空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间以小规模商业空间、绿地为主，辅以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">停车功能，可以适度建造与改造小规模、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">低造价及短工期的公共设施，在功能设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">置上注重满足居民日常公共生活需求。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“公共空间是复杂与有机的”，小规模、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">低造价及短工期的公共设施是低风险与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">低成本的，它能尽量降低对现有建成环</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">境的影响，有利于创造具有活力的社区。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">沿街公共设施的混合功能可以在一个较</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">短的离家距离内满足人们日常购物、工</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作和娱乐等需求</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，降低机动车出行率。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此次改造设计结合现有建筑情况，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以“两横一纵”的重点改造街道为主导，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在恰当位置加建、改建以商业为主要功</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">能的公共建筑、开放绿地、沿街绿化带</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">及停车场等与城市居民日常公共生活息</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">息相关的沿街设施(图9)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miauWSZ69lcB3JebRia6WMTUdib6IQXP6aJxGdFmAbPu8mEcXxYB7ktpiakAx5epM3cASicwm4icJNib7oRw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 2px;border-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;height: 2em;padding: 0.3em 0.5em;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.重要节点的设计示意</p></section><section class="" style="width: 0.5em;display: inline-block;height: 2em;vertical-align: top;border-bottom: 1em solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-top: 1em solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-right: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在功能设置上，设计对节点周边建<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">筑的地面层 ( 也可扩展至二层 ) 进行调</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">整与置换。新功能应充分考虑在该区域</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生活、工作和娱乐的人尤其是活动点中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人的要求，具有一定的针对性。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在空间设计上，设计充分发掘现有</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间潜质，在条件允许的情况下对部分</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">临街建筑进行改造，形成具有一定围合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">感的节点空间，为城市居民提供适宜的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">活动空间。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在沿街界面改造上，设计采用增加<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出入口、玻璃窗等措施，强化沿街建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">筑与街道的互动；通过采用增加雨棚、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">改建檐廊等措施，对建筑进行“二次</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">轮廓”的建构</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，以塑造友好的沿街界</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面 ( 图 10)。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miauWSZ69lcB3JebRia6WMTUdNyricwh138Ou22e8S0zKADZuj7xBqA6icbpLHbmKaiaNlrBpF1gn3eUMg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow: hidden !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/vTBV7oH90yOknLmZ2Q2sSwySdZyia2QNA7P9PRO8u6FrWAjVGpQtluCg6j5eia0icvAX6oZAUF6GnLhn47aRwibPgA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%;padding: 10px;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 结语<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: left;margin-top: -10px;margin-left: 26px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 20px;height: 10px;float: right;margin-top: -10px;margin-right: 20px;border-radius: 10px 10px 0px 0px;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在新的数据环境下，有关人行活动<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的研究越来越多，而研究目标与研究区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">域现状决定了研究的方法和工具。本文</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">采用实地定点调研、与空间句法轴线地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图及百度热力图对比的方法，分析了不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同方法对街道空间中人行活动反映的侧</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">重点，提取其中有效的信息，为下一步</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的街区空间公共化改造提供参考。实地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定点调研采用了抽样调查的方法，力图</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过对样本的调研反映全局状况。虽然</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这种调研方法在数据统计量及全面性上</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">具有一定的局限性，但是它有利于研究</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">者通过观察了解人行活动的类型与特</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">征。空间句法轴线地图在理论上分析了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现状街道的可达性，呈现出部分街区内</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">部道路可达性较差的问题。通过实地调</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研与轴线地图的对比发现，人行活动密</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度与街道的可达性并不是正相关的，它</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">还取决于临街空间功能、形态等诸多因</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">素。百度热力图将人行活动抽象成数字，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由于空间边界模糊，无法反映人行活动</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的类型。但是，它能够较为全面地显示</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">出特定时间下城市空间的人口密度，尤</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其是聚集了大量活动的城市场所。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">综合量化分析为街区空间下一步的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">优化设计提供了依据，支撑街区空间的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公共化改造。图 11 显示了三种工具通</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过分析与对比得出的结论，从不同侧重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点指导了“打开大街区，建立新的街道</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网，对部分街区空间进行公共化改造”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的方法。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miauWSZ69lcB3JebRia6WMTUdUhMPDA8SgAT3x8icx3G0NGlhtiajvfeqKGQicCfjBNUreXLeMZzG3jX7A/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于量化分析的街区空间公共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化改造，试图通过多途径量化工具分析</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究区域，以获得相对全面的人行活动</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">数据，找寻人们即时、即地对公共空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的需求，并在设计中做出准确、有效和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">恰当的回应，为城市居民营造安全、舒</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;">适和紧凑的日常公共生活场所。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“基于综合量化分析的街区空间公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共化改造研究”从地块的选择、调研、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">量化计算到成果整理经历了两年多的时</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">间，到目前为止还仅仅停留在理论层面。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究的部分环节还存在着需要改进与延</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">伸的地方，如对工具与数据如何进行更</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为详尽的挖掘；被改造街区空间的产权</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">问题、安全问题如何梳理等，这些均需</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要在以后的研究中进行进一步深化。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" 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