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<section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 98%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 20px 0% 40px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 20px; height: 20px; float: left; border-top: 2px solid rgb(232, 227, 227); border-left: 2px solid rgb(232, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 20px; height: 20px; float: right; border-top: 2px solid rgb(232, 227, 227); border-right: 2px solid rgb(232, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-top: -20px; margin-bottom: -20px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-width: 2px; border-style: none; border-color: rgb(233, 233, 233); padding: 20px 15px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); border-radius: 0px; width: 98%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); line-height: 1.8; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">面对全球化、城市化和现代化前所未有的冲击，传统的“乡土中国”已渐行渐远，乡村正在经历经济、社会和文化等多面向和不同程度的解构与重构。乡村不仅是作为一个寄寓乡愁的载体，更加是作为一个“问题的场域”而存在。然而一味的哀叹意义不大，实践比描述更有力量，审视和观察乡村的视角应该发生转向，即从“乡村发生了什么，乡村怎么了”转向 “如何重拾乡村的价值，如何激发乡村的活力”。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 8px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(232, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box;" class=""></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 20px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: left;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%; padding-left: 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" font-size: 32px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); margin-top: 2px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; margin: auto; width: 3em; height: 3em; border-radius: 100%; background-position: 37.0239% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 111.254%; background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzVcrZzRBUcbxliaIEVVAgNJGMEtbvo9cZuFIBp1eNEqHcibeNV47icwDlg8qnS2QicXBblGiaANic4Bvo5Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg");"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzVcrZzRBUcbxliaIEVVAgNJGMEtbvo9cZuFIBp1eNEqHcibeNV47icwDlg8qnS2QicXBblGiaANic4Bvo5Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 50%; border-left: 1px none rgb(62, 62, 62); border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">姚华松</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="letter-spacing: 0.5px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(63, 63, 63); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; box-sizing: border-box;">湖北黄冈浠水县人，地理学博士，广州大学广州发展研究院副研究员</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 20px; height: 20px; float: left; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(232, 227, 227); border-left: 2px solid rgb(232, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 20px; height: 20px; float: right; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(232, 227, 227); border-right: 2px solid rgb(232, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 20px 0% 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 15px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><strong>乡村常态化图景 </strong></span></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 95%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 4px; background-color: rgb(232, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 4px; background-color: rgb(232, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="line-height: 1.8; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;">城市化、工业化以及市场经济的组合体制下户籍制度的放松，使得中国农民的流动性、活动能力和活动范围得到很大扩展。进程务工者虽然在城里获得物质性收入，极大改善了家庭生活质量，却很难获得身份性认同，平日常态化的农村只剩下留守的老人、残疾人、儿童和少数妇女。而春节是一个窥视当代中国乡村社会变迁和人际互动的良好契机。因为在这一时段，乡村的事实性行为主体发生汇聚，乡村人口结构和规模谱系趋于完整，平日“空心村”乡村社会建设主体的客观缺失状态也得到了改善。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">但据我观察，春节期间农村的年轻人忙于各种应酬和社交活动，赶场聚会，赌博打牌，吃完东家吃西家；老人忙于准备年货，接待宾客，身心疲惫；寒假期间的小朋友们更多是自娱自乐以及完成寒假作业，不同年龄层的人相互之间缺乏有效的沟通和深度交流。“家”的感觉有些许消解，“做家”（home making）的努力程度不够，各忙各的，尤其是作为一个村聚落的集体活动更是少之又少。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">从前作为乡土社会核心特质的“熟人社会”、生产与生活方式的时空并置性和集体性消失殆尽，<span style="background-color: rgb(232, 227, 227); color: rgb(122, 68, 66); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">取而代之的是原子化、碎片化与个体化现象日趋严重。市场经济、城市化和工业化及与之相伴的快节奏和功利化的生活方式，把原有基于乡缘关系的共同体、惬意悠闲的慢生活等乡村生产和生活方式冲蚀殆尽</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">。</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">同时，乡村不仅是一个寄寓乡愁的载体，更是一个“<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">问题的场域</strong>”，各种问题触目惊心：赌博成灾，垃圾成堆，环境污染，生态恶化，交通建设滞后，官吏贪腐，送礼成风，空巢家庭，留守儿童厌学叛逆，读书无用论盛行，两性关系混乱，情感表达与交流严重缺失等等。我们既往认定的作为对抗久居都市而浸染的匿名性、物质主义、功利化和“陌生人社会”的作为“家”和“故土”的精神家园正在渐行渐远。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzVcrZzRBUcbxliaIEVVAgNJGWlGiczf5zbo1dK04NXJo2a0iczPVCqqWnibrQ8cX5DXBcxBNg8KiaEswMw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><em style="font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">这一轮乡村观察和研究中的两部代表作：《在风中呼喊——一个博士生的返乡笔记》，王磊光著；《大地上的亲人——一个农村儿媳眼中的乡村图景》，黄灯著</span></em></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">面对这种境况，理论界和舆论界产生了强烈的反应。最近几年，以高校青年学者和媒体人的返乡笔记为代表，相关讨论和研究成果层出不穷。总体上，这些研究和讨论有助于明晰和理解当代中国乡村的深刻转型过程与机理，较好解答了“乡村发生了什么，乡村怎么了”这一问题，但依然无力回答“如何重塑乡村价值，如何激发乡村活力”这一命题。换言之，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(122, 68, 66); background-color: rgb(232, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box;">现有的研究者往往有意无意地站在城市的外部立场，从知识分子理性逻辑的角度去审视和观察乡村变迁，更多充当一个故事讲述者的角色，而不是一个改良者和实践者。而已有相关研究缺乏对村民自立、自发和成长与发展的信任和认知，缺乏从社区营造和社会工作角度去发掘、挖掘、培育和建构乡村社会资本。</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 40px 0% 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong>基于社区营造视角的乡村建设实践</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 95%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(232, 227, 227); height: 4px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(232, 227, 227); height: 4px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="line-height: 1.8; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">我一直从事城市社会学、社会地理方面的教学和科研工作。面对众说纷纭的乡村溃败论、乡村沦陷说，我认为对于当下的中国农村而言，一味的哀叹意义不大，实践比描述更有力量。我们研究和观察乡村的视角应该有一个转向，即从“乡村发生了什么，乡村到底怎么了”转向“村该怎么办，我们可以为乡村做点什么”。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">于是从2015~2017年，我连续3年在春节期间对家乡的村庄——湖北省黄冈市浠水县团陂镇凤形地村三组陶家仓开展了乡村建设的尝试性探索。2015年，我耗时20天对所在村庄19户共计99人进行了一对一的深度访谈，撰写了<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《2015春节回乡笔记：湖北浠水县FX村》</strong>，从整体上明确了村庄人口外出打工谱系以及村落发展基本需求。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzVcrZzRBUcbxliaIEVVAgNJGjuic3prnKOhv9WwqJx6hxjiawZKKvlNddyXlhrFibkTxbw2x6o2BYfwBg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzVcrZzRBUcbxliaIEVVAgNJGv0b0NaMbHTsEN2Uhg0CNPj4QyRdiaVEemIibcRT5KRib2VQ5n1rC8mIdQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><em style="font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0px;">论坛构思</em></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">2016年，我尝试发起、策划和组织了“<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第一届陶家仓论坛</strong>”，旨在回归社区的本义——共同体，把全体村民团结起来，让全村人作为一个集体，共同做一点快乐的事情，坐在一起谈一些务实的话题，共同参与一些各种老少皆宜的运动与游戏，从而沟通邻里感情，丰富过年氛围。我将公众参与作为论坛最重要原则，从论坛时间、地点、议程、话题、活动、志愿者、奖品、主持人、发言者等各方面都做到争取乡亲们的意见和建议。议程包括上午的专题论坛与下午的文娱活动。出乎意料的是，第一届论坛取得了圆满成功，先后得到了很多有影响力媒体的关注和报道。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzVcrZzRBUcbxliaIEVVAgNJGPbSvib29b2r535484icgP9FJeFNyicicXvzYUz06HtyorDYNXz7kMPadCg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzVcrZzRBUcbxliaIEVVAgNJGlQCLN8KrU4lx85fPcyaFTysH9Fibymn9DIYTC3s2wL7g8n5YUfrvwcQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzVcrZzRBUcbxliaIEVVAgNJGpfRNaHaqkhvzRlqPibClgFZlkpjicBJbLrINY5lJJvZNusicL4iaI0k3RA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><em>第一届陶家仓论坛现场</em></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><em><br  /></em></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span></p><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzVcrZzRBUcbxliaIEVVAgNJGul9yYma4MhAfVn87HmV0vxBVRaoXIh2IqMfRTAhNdJHowicRU6qL4Qg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0px;">村民的心愿墙</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">关于论坛成功的原因，个人认为有以下几点。首先，我们有大约一年的规训期。2015年初，我们村有了微信群，作为群主，我会有意识地策划和组织各种活动，旨在培育和根植一些现代市民意识到村民们的心田；其次，“社区参与”得到了较好贯彻，从参会人数看，除了笔者所在村庄90多人悉数到场外，还吸引了邻村及笔者同学和朋友过来捧场，大家参与的积极性很高，很多年轻人甚至小朋友也积极分担了很多工作；最后，我们充分挖掘、激发和动员了乡村各种资源。农村社会建设需要专业知识扎实、农村记忆丰富和拥有深厚乡村情怀的实践者和探索者，组织一帮热心肠、有干劲、有活力的年轻人参与，开展实实在在的讨论与活动，才能塑造乡村社会资本，重现乡村活力。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">2017年，“<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第二届陶家仓论坛</strong>”如期举行，我特意设置了一个第一届论坛回顾的环节，不少人纷纷表达了论坛对长知识增见识、提升村民精气神、凝聚村落认同感、丰富过年气氛、净化麻将打牌等习俗的重要意义。大家的共同感受是论坛应持续举办下去，打造成为陶家仓精神文明建设特色和靓丽的文化名片。这次上午的论坛正题设置了6个主题，分别是：打工体验、妇女发展、老年人问题、儿童发展、农村教育和家乡建设。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzVcrZzRBUcbxliaIEVVAgNJGFQrETiaTE3HuicFgibwXTrfd5XANqTnap0gztpcAUL0oW0OlG2SkxTLZg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzVcrZzRBUcbxliaIEVVAgNJGlOM6C9E03x6AIyWwHGpoyDPf8sm8E6Hfg2R3rdJNLL1GAhoHsffdKQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzVcrZzRBUcbxliaIEVVAgNJGQM0ttJHpibfD38UQZ4vbMlG3YcvfoiaXibGTxkVu3AEUeWIqXc7p0OwcA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;"></span><em style="letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px;">拔河比赛，</em><em style="letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;">跳绳比赛，</span></em><em style="letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px;">长桌宴</em><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">下午的文娱活动，我们特意增加了一个感恩活动：晚辈给长辈洗脚，儿子为爸爸洗，儿媳给婆婆洗，女儿给妈妈洗。场面很感人，不少人留下了激动的眼泪，因为很多人是第一次给父母洗脚。坦言之，“大声对爸妈说爱”在农村很稀缺，情感表达的需求非常旺盛，非常迫切。此外，论坛还增设了为村里贫困户现场捐款及发起成立“十三高小教育基金”（用于资助家庭贫困和品学兼优的学子）等项目。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 40px 0% 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); letter-spacing: 0.5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1px;"><strong>如何加强乡村的自组织能力</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 95%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(232, 227, 227); height: 4px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(232, 227, 227); height: 4px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="line-height: 1.8; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">转型期中国农村最大的问题之一是原子化、碎片化和个体化，最稀缺资源的是组织。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(122, 68, 66); background-color: rgb(232, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box;">村民在物质生活方面已经有了有较大改观，但思考、表达、议事、交流、讨论等能力不够，这极大地影响和制约了他们精神生活的质量。从社会建设角度而言，乡村的社会建议和社区营造不仅仅是建筑和构造的事情，还应该落脚到各类人群的全面发展与各种需求的满足上。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">从社区建设目标层次看，比起道路硬化、停车场及文娱广场等乡村硬件建设的物质性需求，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(122, 68, 66); background-color: rgb(232, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box;">更应当看重“引智”、“自立自助”、“互帮互助”、“社区能力建设”、“公共空间营造”、“优化思维方式和更新传统观念”、“增强村落社区认同感”、“弘扬传统乡土文化”等村民的精神性需求。</span></strong>这种精神需求的涵盖内容及其的合理化表达方式和能力，要求村民在日常生产和生活实践过程中不断提升自我发展能力，通过长期的学习、训练和互动，形成发现社区问题、分析社区问题和解决社区问题的社区发展能力，这种能力可以生生不息，兵来将挡，水来土掩地解决各种问题。这种能力及其习得过程也就是基于生活方式的“乡村城镇化”的基本含义和本质要求。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">关于“乡村溃败论”基调下的乡村急需外部优质资源和资本的输入的观点，个人持谨慎甚至保守态度。去年，某知名建筑设计网站对我们的乡建活动非常感兴趣，提出把我的家乡列入他们的客户名单，意在他们出资出技术出理念“再造新农村”，被我婉言回绝。在一个传统淳朴的典型样板农村社区，我希望经由全体村民经过3~5年的共同努力、共同学习和共同成长过程，自发组织和衍生出属于村落本身的，具备相当社区发展能力的社区发展主体。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzVcrZzRBUcbxliaIEVVAgNJGBx8hDwkV26bw7UqLg0gj3mnVFo3mXCuyn6Gyq598VP13djLrA2Z1iag/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzVcrZzRBUcbxliaIEVVAgNJGJ0BFJnRJTJIZlhibCMo4ISjOqxuk4Mt7oevGNnazd26yGuDe3EIqfXQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 0px;">两届陶家仓论坛志愿者</em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">换言之，村民不应失去一个社区发展能力通过自身提升和发展的机会，至少，这种乡村社区发展的机会不应被剥夺。我们要相信和信任村民的能动性和可塑性，相信他们作为社会能动者的个体和自组织的集体能力，他们只是需要被激发、培育和引导。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(122, 68, 66); background-color: rgb(232, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box;">我们千万不能忽略乡土社会的生存智慧，后者往往可以通过个体形塑技术的协同与整合，实现乡村社会与文化资本的再生产，进而强化其社会意义上的自组织、自立与自强的能力。</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国乡村最大的本质就在于“乡土性”，就在于千丝万缕的社会、文化尤其是情感面向的粘连性。嵌入式的乡建工作方式可以最大程度复归到“熟人社会”，可以最大限度规避“外来者”角色可能引致的、先入为主的外部植入，从而尽可能接近乡村真实的事实呈现。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(122, 68, 66); background-color: rgb(232, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box;">社区营造的本质就是重新找回人与人之间的关系，让在工业化、现代化和城市化后原子化的个人重新融入到整个社会生活中。</span></strong>乡村社区有相对好的社会与文化基底，做农村社区营造，就要最大程度复归“乡土性”，尽可能顺应乡村社会、文化尤其是情感面向的粘连性特质，研究者需要最大限度嵌入农村的社会和文化情境中去。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">故而，做社区尤其是农村社区的事情，用心和情怀比技术更重要。要从一个沉浸在旁观者的乡愁中抽离出来，成为一个真正意义上在场的村里人，要身体力行成为社区共同体的一份子，一个真正意义上的社区深度参与者……</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box;">编辑/赵忞+宋敖 ，本文图片由作者提供</span></em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(149, 149, 149); box-sizing: border-box;">全文详见《城市中国》079期“美丽乡村演化——跨越时空修复的城乡观察”，内容有删改</span></em></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="group-empty" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 10%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 80%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/YNd5PePZNzWqmQG4IkM0Of2eOOyGood17uScp3T3ZMm1OJrjTJicZrgsRvpbmvmrPyFvibNpXwezsibDx171ZPctg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 15px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding-right: 6px; padding-bottom: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(232, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 8px; width: 100%; border-left: 1px solid rgb(232, 227, 227); transform: rotate(-45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-45deg); -o-transform: rotate(-45deg); transform-origin: left top 0px; -webkit-transform-origin: left top 0px; -moz-transform-origin: left top 0px; -o-transform-origin: left top 0px; margin-bottom: 5px; border-top-color: rgb(232, 227, 227); border-right-color: rgb(232, 227, 227); border-bottom-color: rgb(232, 227, 227); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); margin: -8px -7px -8px 5px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(232, 227, 227); padding: 10px; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(214, 168, 65); font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="color: rgb(122, 68, 66); letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">【城市中国urbanchina】，</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="color: rgb(122, 68, 66); letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">复制这条信息￥CTcy0XEMc09￥后打开手机淘宝</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="group-empty" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 10%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 30px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 5px; box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; opacity: 0.21;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1.2px; color: rgb(89, 89, 89); line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎原创分享，白名单转载需保留公众号二维码。</em></span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">如果您对文章有什么看法和意见，或者新奇有趣的话题问题想要吐槽，欢迎留言或在后台回复，我们会定期反馈并集结成文字。也欢迎来稿分享你的思考：00urbanchina@urbanchina.com.cn</em></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 8px 0% 20px; opacity: 0.21;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(42, 129, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center; 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vertical-align: top; width: 33.33%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">微信公众号 |  </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">豆瓣 | site.douban.com/urbanchina/<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">微博 | @城市中国</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">官网 | www.urbanchina.com.cn/</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">电话 | 021-65982080(8027)</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱 | 00urbanchina@urbanchina.com.cn</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; 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