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<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 15%; padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjptgjxjaaSg6fwPtdSiaXfrj9PMz5fdhro3yN6o6TicibPicXL7yy52ep6ibibOlrfklq2j17Uc9ibT98Fw/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 70%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0% 0px; 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"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 50%; border: 3px solid rgb(254, 193, 192); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 5px 0px; clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">作者<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">同济大学建筑与城市规划学院景观学系副教授、博士生导师，同济大学建筑与城市规划学院生态智慧</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">与城乡生态实践研究中心、上海城市困难立地绿化工程技术研究中心及高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">王敏</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">，同济大学建筑与城市规划学院景观学系风景园林学硕士研究生</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">彭英</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2017年第6期撰文，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">文章基于游憩机会谱理论，构建了城市公园体系规划框架，即首先对城市公园游憩机会清单进行梳理，其次从物</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">理环境、游憩活动和管理环境三个方面构建公园游憩机会评价指标体系，再次对环境因子进行描述性分析，最后建立公园体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">系目标游憩机会谱及编制发展导则，并将该方法运用到宁国市公园体系的建设中，为提升城市公园体系的综合效能、提高居</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">民生活质量创建了有效路径。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 50%; border: 3px solid rgb(42, 118, 162); float: right; margin-top: -6px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; margin-bottom: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]游憩机会谱；城市公园体系；安徽省宁国市</p></section><section style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-color: rgb(95, 94, 102); width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号]1006-0022(2017)06-0100-06　</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号]TU984　</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码]B</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[引文格式]王敏，彭英．基于游憩机会谱理论的城市公园体系研究 — 以安徽省宁国市为例[J]．规划师，2017(6)：100-<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">105．</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/L22M4MumINaf3kp6Lp4LXN2KSvVm8vnygyqH7v3jGJJicjic03oCdH4GOYbRBMtzoCv64wGQjNGqXjRhuXAogdSA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-radius: 1em; padding: 0.3em 0.8em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一  <span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span>  </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市公园体系发展研究的背景与意义</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">城市公园体系在城市发展的过程中发挥着不可替<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">代的重要作用。一方面，城市公园体系对于保持城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">水土及改善区域环境具有重要作用，承担着城市外围</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">绿色屏障、城区绿肺空间及社区邻里绿点三大生态涵</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">养功能。另一方面，城市公园体系是城市文化特色的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">重要载体，是人们利用闲暇时间放松身心、追求多样</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">化游憩体验、感受城市文化氛围的重要场地。然而，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">随着城市化进程的加速，大规模的城镇建设蚕食了城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">市绿色空间、高密度的公园使用破坏了生态环境质量、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">低效的公园管理维护方式影响了公园效能的发挥，使</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">得区域整体环境逐渐恶化。此外，大多数的公园建设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">还面临着游憩体验雷同、游憩场地闲置和资金投入</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">低效等问题，严重影响了城市居民的生活质量，不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">利于城市的发展。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">麦克哈格在《设计结合自然》中提到“理想地讲，<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">大城市地区最好有两种系统，一个是按照自然的演进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">过程保护的开放空间系统，另一个是城市发展的系统。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">要是这两种系统结合在一起的话，就可以为全体居</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">民提供满意的开放空间。”当前城市绿地系统规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">作为城市总体规划阶段的专项规划，其实质性内容</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">主要包括对城市各类绿化用地的规划控制、建立城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">市主要的绿地体系和拟定城市绿化特色三个方面</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">面临着郊野绿色空间统筹、市民多样性游憩引导、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">城市文化特色指引和公园管理体系发展等重要议题，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">目前尚缺乏具有针对性和普适性的规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">设计技术支持。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">基于此，本文尝试结合游憩机会谱<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">(Recreation Opportunity Spectrum，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">简称“ROS”)理论，以城市绿地系统规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">划为基础，以安徽省宁国市为研究对象，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">探索兼顾城市生态保护、多样化游憩体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">验与可持续公园管理的城市公园体系发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">展路径。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/L22M4MumINaf3kp6Lp4LXN2KSvVm8vnygyqH7v3jGJJicjic03oCdH4GOYbRBMtzoCv64wGQjNGqXjRhuXAogdSA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 3px 0px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 5px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二      </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">游憩机会谱理论</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">美国林务局 (USFS) 和土地管理局<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">(BLM)带头开发的游憩机会谱是一个涵</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">盖资源普查、规划和管理游憩经历及环</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">境的多目标框架，可在制定资源等级的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">同时关注资源环境和娱乐者的体验</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">游憩机会是指在环境条件合适的前提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">下，游客拥有一个公平的选择机会，选</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">择在其偏好的环境中参与期望的活动，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">以获得满意的游憩体验</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">。其中，机会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">的形成主要源于环境特征(植被、景观、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">地形和风景)，与之相关的游憩使用(使</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">用水平和类型 )，以及管理的基本条件</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">( 开发、道路和规章 )。实践表明，在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">游憩机会谱理论指导下形成的游憩机会</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">清单可以增加公众游憩体验的多样性，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">减少游憩设施的盲目建设。在过去的几</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">十年里，该理论已成为国外最有效的资</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">源和游憩管理方法之一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">，逐渐被应用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">到森林游憩</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">、河流游憩、公园游憩</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">和旅游公路构建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">等方面，并在分配和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">规划游憩资源、提供适宜的游憩机会等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">方面得到广泛应用。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/L22M4MumINaf3kp6Lp4LXN2KSvVm8vnygyqH7v3jGJJicjic03oCdH4GOYbRBMtzoCv64wGQjNGqXjRhuXAogdSA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 6px; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三   </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">基于游憩机会谱理论的城市公园<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">体系发展策略研究框架</span></strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: -9px; margin-left: -6px; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; height: 16px; width: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">基于游憩机会谱理论的城市公园体<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">系发展策略研究框架是以城市绿地系统</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">规划内容为基础构建的，包括资料收集</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">和对研究区域的实地调查等。首先，研</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">究通过梳理城市公园游憩机会清单，划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">分出城区高密度使用型、城区中密度使</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">用型、城市边缘区较低密度使用型和郊</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">野区低密度使用型4种游憩机会类型。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">其次，研究从物理环境、游憩活动和管</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">理环境三方面构建游憩机会评价指标体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">系，通过实地问卷调研，对环境因子进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">行重要性描述性分析与偏好程度描述性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">分析，并对结果进行讨论。最后，在以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">上研究的基础上，结合特色提升策略，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">构建了公园体系目标游憩机会谱，并编</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">制了特色发展导则(图1)。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjptgjxjaaSg6fwPtdSiaXfrrQ8nfzJ5eibsqP3HdzRiadul4U6qNhh6KZrCU6jH7n9cROLZSaHqyNDQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/L22M4MumINaf3kp6Lp4LXN2KSvVm8vnygyqH7v3jGJJicjic03oCdH4GOYbRBMtzoCv64wGQjNGqXjRhuXAogdSA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-radius: 1em; padding: 0.3em 0.8em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">宁国市公园游憩机会清单梳理</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">宁国市地处安徽省东南部，皖南山<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">区东北侧，东邻杭州市，西靠黄山市，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">连接皖浙两省 7 个县市，素有“皖东</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">南门户”之称。宁国市的森林覆盖率达</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">75.33％，绿色植物覆盖率达 85％，拥</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">有“中国元竹之乡”“中国竹子之乡”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">等美誉，市民崇尚翠竹精神。宁国市还</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">拥有著名的历史八景 — 儒峰叠翠、双</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">溪垂虹、岩窦清泉、紫岩暮烟、碧潭秋月、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">西山春晓、海峰雪松和沙堤烟柳(图2)。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">此外，宁国市在春秋战国时期先后属于</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">吴国、越国和楚国，秦朝时属于鄣郡，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">具有丰富的人文生态底蕴，江浙文化、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">皖南文化、红楼文化、畲族文化、古代</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">佛教文化及新型的移民文化在此相融交</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">汇，使宁国市成为一个开放、包容、多</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">元的城市。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjptgjxjaaSg6fwPtdSiaXfrQLlEvlQgwicbqMGDbwFSX5sgUh9AdHKmqaDNhx0ZXgePCptMILTjMBg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6;">研究主要对《宁国市绿地系统规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">(2013—2030)》中可供市民公共游憩使</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">用的主要绿地和广场用地进行了研究，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">具体包括部分公园绿地(G1)、附属绿地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">(G4)和其他绿地(G5)(图3)。考虑到绿</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">地规模对游憩容量、生态效益等的影响，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">研究主要选取面积大于2hm2的绿地进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">行研究，包括港口湿地公园、牛头山风</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">景区、宁阳公园、曹家冲公园和水阳江</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">滨河景观带等 40 个研究对象，研究范</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">围约为2709hm2(图4)。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjptgjxjaaSg6fwPtdSiaXfrEyShianhnQM5Lia6ZW0Dibjnxbupw9smS1QiaibqzzVR8xnAgib1zvicMXSYA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6;">研究基于游憩机会谱的游憩环境</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">分区方法，以综合反映体验与环境质量</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">的游憩密度为基础</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">，构建了城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">公园机会谱。同时，研究结合宁国市公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">园体系自身环境特点及对市民使用行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">为的调研，将公园游憩环境依次分为城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">区高密度使用型、城区中密度使用型、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">城市边缘区较低密度使用型和郊野区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">低密度使用型 4 种类型 ( 这 4 种公园游</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">憩环境的平均使用密度依次降低，自然</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">资源依次增多 )( 表 1)。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjptgjxjaaSg6fwPtdSiaXfrroqX6VxkM6X5wibEJW9iatbu0ticxHNP0exEWZCSWu5Zquicx1rzQywgqA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/L22M4MumINaf3kp6Lp4LXN2KSvVm8vnygyqH7v3jGJJicjic03oCdH4GOYbRBMtzoCv64wGQjNGqXjRhuXAogdSA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-radius: 1em; padding: 0.3em 0.8em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 宁国市公园游憩机会评价指标<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">体系构建与环境因子描述性分析</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="float: right; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="border-top-width: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; padding: 0px 8px; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">宁国市公园游憩机会评价指标</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">体系的构建</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: -8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="float: right; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">综合美国林务局《ROS使用者指南》<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">(1982年)、《公园设计规范》等相关文献，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">结合宁国市自然社会和公园体系特征，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">研究构建了宁国市公园游憩机会评价指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">标体系。其中，物理环境质量、游憩活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">动质量和管理环境质量为一级分支；自</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">然资源特征、人文资源特征、服务设施</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">质量、公园使用状况、活动项目水准、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">管理建设内容和维护管理水平为二级分</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">支；公园规模、空气清洁度、山水资源</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">面积、视觉美景度和公园文化主题等24</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">项环境因子为三级分支(表2)。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjptgjxjaaSg6fwPtdSiaXfr0wJBlGGrNgSH2V5ZzqSfsTyp8tnOEgSmp6uHWBYAZicH7m6qFGC94cw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/GcPIceFHuHBu3AhuTujLznq9ZBTLoZibyvBkbQia7ozXZNLpJAGVudJPIUBeXAmjhaS2Bu53DoCnocx48RialicRBw/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /> <section class="" style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; margin: -0.9em auto 0.9em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; margin-left: 1px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="float: right; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="border-top-width: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; padding: 0px 8px; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（二）环境因子的重要性描述性分析</p></section><section style="margin-top: -8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="float: right; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">首先，研究分别对宁国市处于4种<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">游憩机会类型区域的市民进行了问卷调</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">研。调查小组共发放问卷样本200份，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">最终回收且符合要求的问卷共192份，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">合格率为96％。其中，在城区高密度使</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">用型区域回收了 50 份问卷，在城区中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">密度使用型区域回收了 50 份问卷，在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">城市边缘区较低密度使用型区域回收了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">48份问卷，在郊野区低密度使用型区域</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">回收了 44 份问卷。同时，市民根据给</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">定的环境因子对其游憩体验影响的重要</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">程度进行打分，最低分为1分，最高分</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">为5分，分数的高低代表该环境因子对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">市民游憩体验影响的大小。调查小组使</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">用IBM SPSS Statistics22软件对24项环</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">境因子进行均值和标准差分析(表3)。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjptgjxjaaSg6fwPtdSiaXfroUWaBj6NicLPjuEqQcicibr912vXibvCQT9T1otX05BnGiczTtM9AQoqGUg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6;">其次，研究对统计结果进行分析。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">结果显示，市民认为 24项环境因子均</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">是选择公园游憩时的重要影响因素(各</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">环境因子的得分为 3.65 ～ 4.78)，且各</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">环境因子的标准差均低于1.00，说明指</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">标体系因子选择较为稳定，对于不同游</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">憩机会类型的公园均具有普适性。空气</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">清洁度(4.78)、环境卫生维护水平(4.59)、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">环卫设施(4.55)、视觉美景度(4.45)、公</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">园文化主题 (4.12)、游憩设施 (4.12) 和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">老年活动项目 (4.10) 等 14 项环境因子</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">的平均值均在4.00(重要)以上，表明它</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">们对市民游憩体验的影响程度较高。其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">中，空气清洁度与环境卫生维护水平对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">市民游憩体验的影响最大，较低的污染</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">程度虽然对市民游憩体验的影响较小，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">但是较高的污染程度却会对市民游憩体</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">验造成较大影响；公园文化主题、游憩</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">设施和老年活动项目集中代表了特色化、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">人性化的规划设计对市民游憩体验的重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">要程度，这也与公园体系构建依赖于规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">划设计的现实相符合。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/GcPIceFHuHBu3AhuTujLznq9ZBTLoZibyvBkbQia7ozXZNLpJAGVudJPIUBeXAmjhaS2Bu53DoCnocx48RialicRBw/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /> <section class="" style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; margin: -0.9em auto 0.9em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; margin-left: 1px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="float: right; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="border-top-width: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; padding: 0px 8px; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（三）环境因子偏好程度描述性分析</p></section><section style="margin-top: -8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="float: right; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">首先，研究对环境因子偏好程度进<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">行调研，并采用Likert-5分制，以了解市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">民在特定游憩机会类型下对不同环境因</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">子的偏好程度，为游憩机会谱的构建提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">供合理依据。其中，自然资源特征质量、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">人文资源特征、管理建设内容和维护管</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">理水平的得分越高，表明市民对它们的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">偏好程度越高；服务设施质量、公园使</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">用状况和活动项目水准的得分越低，表</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">明市民对它们的偏好程度越高(表4)。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjptgjxjaaSg6fwPtdSiaXfrAwLESnNZW2XSSZyn2esYiaKy81nDmxMralokFZ2QfHTs5XPpzuickqcQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6;">其次，研究对统计结果进行分析。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">结果显示，在不同的游憩机会条件下，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">市民在空气清洁度、植被覆盖率和视觉</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">美景度方面一致呈现出偏好程度较高的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">特征，对于其他环境因子的偏好则有所</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">差异。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 对于山水资源面积，市民在城<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">区中密度使用型游憩机会中对其的偏好</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">程度一般，在其他游憩机会类型中对其</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">的偏好程度较高。同时，由于宁国市冬</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">冷夏热的气候条件，市民在高密度使用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">型游憩机会中期望有更多的山水景观以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">丰富游憩活动、调节小气候。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 对于人文资源特征，市民在城<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">区高密度使用型游憩机会中对其的偏好</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">程度较低，而在其他游憩机会中对其的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">偏好程度较高。这与市民更倾向于在城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">区高密度使用型游憩机会中获得健身、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">锻炼等功能性体验有关。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 对于服务设施质量，市民在不<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">同的游憩机会中对环卫设施、游憩设施</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">和休息设施一致呈现出偏好程度较高的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">特征。这是因为市民游憩体验与游憩设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">施质量密切相关。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(4) 对于公园使用状况，市民在不<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">同的游憩机会中对于游人密度、活动全</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">时性呈现出偏好程度逐渐降低的特征。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">这与市民渴望在不同的游憩机会中获得</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">不同的游憩体验有关。例如，对于公园</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">消费水平与交通便捷度，市民更偏好较</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">低的消费水平和便捷的交通。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(5) 对于活动项目水准，市民期望<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">在城区高密度使用型游憩机会中减少活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">动类别。这是由于在高密度使用的空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">中，活动类别过多会相互冲突，影响游</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">憩体验。另外，市民一致认为在不同的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">游憩机会中应注重设置老年活动项目，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">在郊野区低密度使用型游憩机会中还应</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">加强对青年活动项目的设置。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(6)对于管理建设内容和维护管理水<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">平，市民一致认为其非常重要，并且期</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">望相关部门在日常管理保障制度、安全</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">与智能化系统、遗产与自然资源保护水</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">平及环境卫生维护水平方面提供高质量</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">的游憩管理。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/L22M4MumINaf3kp6Lp4LXN2KSvVm8vnygyqH7v3jGJJicjic03oCdH4GOYbRBMtzoCv64wGQjNGqXjRhuXAogdSA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border: 1px solid rgb(95, 156, 239); padding: 10px; width: 90%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">六</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 宁国市公园体系游憩机会谱构建</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">与发展导则编制</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="float: right; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="border-top-width: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; padding: 0px 8px; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">宁国市城市公园体系游憩机会谱</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">构建</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: -8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="float: right; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">结合现有游憩机会类型与内容，研<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">究对宁国市公园体系进行提升，构建了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">“三脉六节，八景十二园”的公园体系</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">结构，贯通九山围城的山脉、三江汇流</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">的水脉，复兴皖赣线铁路的城脉；进一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">步完善绿道网络，增加交通便捷度(图5，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">图6)。由于市民崇敬翠竹精神，研究结</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">合“坚、进、和、雅、逸、谦”的翠竹</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">精神，恢复重建“宁国八景”，并建设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">12个园区；研究根据市民对不同环境因</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">子的偏好程度，结合对游憩活动与游憩</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">体验的分析，初步确定了每个环境类型</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">中适宜进行的游憩活动。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjptgjxjaaSg6fwPtdSiaXfr7zRHRpub0SdCplo8ia2LyPSqj2N3G3XSRulzqHVPYux7rrHIyqOxwjQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjptgjxjaaSg6fwPtdSiaXfrFs8P6yQNf2RecTGmul5dXotxd3jCU3okKpMs9BRlANicBu9v0N2hvYQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/GcPIceFHuHBu3AhuTujLznq9ZBTLoZibyvBkbQia7ozXZNLpJAGVudJPIUBeXAmjhaS2Bu53DoCnocx48RialicRBw/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /> <section class="" style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; margin: -0.9em auto 0.9em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; margin-left: 1px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="float: right; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="border-top-width: 3px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); border-bottom-width: 3px; border-bottom-style: solid; padding: 0px 8px; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">基于游憩机会谱理论的宁国市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">公园体系发展导则</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: -8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="float: right; width: 3px; height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding-bottom: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1em; height: 1em; margin-top: -0.5em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-size: 80px; line-height: 1em; color: rgb(192, 200, 209); box-sizing: border-box;">“</span> <section style="width: 4em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 200, 209); display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-left: -0.6em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -0.5em; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">城区高密度使用型公园游憩机会</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">的内容建设</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; height: 1em; float: right; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 4em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 200, 209); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-size: 80px; margin-top: -0.11em; margin-left: -0.1em; color: rgb(192, 200, 209); box-sizing: border-box;">”</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">宁国市城区高密度使用型公园游憩<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">机会的内容建设需从以下六个方面展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">开：①在活动项目设置方面，应力求贴</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">近生活，关注儿童、老年人的使用需求，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">提升活动项目的品质。②在服务设施建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">设方面，应完善无障碍设施、游憩设施、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">休息设施与环卫设施的配置。③在景观</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">设计方面，合理配置趣味型山水小景，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">并点缀种植疗养型、芳香型植物。④在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">建筑材料的选择方面，以原生自然型铺</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">装材料为主。⑤在活动项目设置方面，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">应注重对全时性活动项目的建设，提高</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">公园在早、中、晚、阴、晴、雨、雪等</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">不同情况下的使用效率，同时建议设置</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">较少的活动类别，鼓励发展自发性游憩</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">活动并为其预留充足的空间。⑥在公园</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">管理制度建设与环境维护方面，应加强</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">对日常管理保障制度、安全与智能化系</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">统的建设，提升遗产与自然资源保护水</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">平、环境卫生维护水平。例如，位于宁</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">国市政府前面积为4hm</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">2</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">的世纪广场，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">其建设要突出“以人为本”的特征，以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">大面积特色铺装为主，点缀喷泉水景与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">景观树池，同时设置一定的健身设施，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">满足居民日常体育锻炼的需求。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding-bottom: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1em; height: 1em; margin-top: -0.5em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-size: 80px; line-height: 1em; color: rgb(192, 200, 209); box-sizing: border-box;">“</span> <section style="width: 4em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 200, 209); display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-left: -0.6em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -0.5em; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">城区中密度使用型公园游憩机会</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">的内容建设</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; height: 1em; float: right; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 4em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 200, 209); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-size: 80px; margin-top: -0.11em; margin-left: -0.1em; color: rgb(192, 200, 209); box-sizing: border-box;">”</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">宁国市城区中密度使用型公园游憩<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">机会的内容建设需从以下四个方面展开：</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">①在公园建设方面，应注重对公园特色</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">文化主题的打造，同时避免大面积的挖</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">湖堆山。②在服务设施建设方面，配置</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">足够的游憩设施、休息设施与环卫设施。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">③在活动项目设置方面，应注重对全时</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">性活动项目的建设，重点设置儿童活动</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">项目、家庭活动项目、老年活动项目与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">残障人士活动项目。④在公园管理制度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">建设与环境维护方面，应加强对日常管</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">理保障制度、安全与智能化系统的建设，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">提升遗产与自然资源保护水平、环境卫</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">生维护水平。例如，位于老城核心区面</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">积为47.94hm2的宁阳公园，其建设主</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">要依托自然山地环境，恢复重建了“宁</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">国八景”之一的海峰雪松，以传达宁国</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">市坚韧的城市精神。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding-bottom: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1em; height: 1em; margin-top: -0.5em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-size: 80px; line-height: 1em; color: rgb(192, 200, 209); box-sizing: border-box;">“</span> <section style="width: 4em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 200, 209); display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-left: -0.6em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -0.5em; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">3.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">城市边缘区较低密度使用型公园</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">游憩机会的内容建设</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; height: 1em; float: right; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 4em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 200, 209); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-size: 80px; margin-top: -0.11em; margin-left: -0.1em; color: rgb(192, 200, 209); box-sizing: border-box;">”</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">宁国市城市边缘区较低密度使用型<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">公园游憩机会的内容建设需从以下四个</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">方面展开：①在资源保护方面，应加强</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">对优质山水资源的保护与合理利用，并</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">注重对园区历史古迹的保护。②在服务</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">设施建设方面，配置足够的游憩设施、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">休息设施与环卫设施。③在活动项目设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">置方面，应丰富活动项目的类别，注重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">对家庭活动项目、老年活动项目和青年</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">活动项目的建设。④在公园管理制度建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">设与环境维护方面，应加强对日常管理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">保障制度、安全与智能化系统的建设，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">提升遗产与自然资源保护水平、环境卫</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">生维护水平。例如，位于中津河与东津</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">河交汇处面积为 69.39hm2的中津湿地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">生态园，在建设时将“谦”作为公园的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">文化主题，并以雨洪管理理念为指导，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">优化其涵养调蓄的生态功能。此外，在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">植物配置方面，主要采用乡土植物，力</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">求保持朴野、自然和原生的状态。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding-bottom: 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1em; height: 1em; margin-top: -0.5em; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-size: 80px; line-height: 1em; color: rgb(192, 200, 209); box-sizing: border-box;">“</span> <section style="width: 4em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 200, 209); display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 1.6em; margin-left: -0.6em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -0.5em; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">4.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">郊野区低密度使用型公园游憩</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">机会的内容建设</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; height: 1em; float: right; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 4em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 200, 209); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; font-size: 80px; margin-top: -0.11em; margin-left: -0.1em; color: rgb(192, 200, 209); box-sizing: border-box;">”</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">宁国市郊野区低密度使用型公园游<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">憩机会的内容建设需从以下四个方面展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">开：①在资源保护方面，应以优质山水</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">资源的保护与合理开发为主，并强化对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">园区历史古迹的保护。②在服务设施建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">设方面，需配置足够的游憩设施、休息</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">设施与环卫设施。③在活动项目设置方</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">面，重点进行特色青年活动项目与老年</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">活动项目的建设。④在公园管理制度建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">设与环境维护方面，既要完善日常管理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">保障制度、安全与智能化系统，又要提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">升遗产与自然资源保护水平、环境卫生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">维护水平。例如，位于港口镇东部面积</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">为 155.20hm2的包家山山地生态园，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">其恢复重建了“宁国八景”之一的儒峰</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">叠翠，通过建设旅游度假设施，打造避</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">暑休闲胜地；加强对公园内野生动物的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">保护，构建野生动物迁徙廊道；设置跳</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">伞、山地骑行等郊野型游憩项目，以及</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">寻幽访古、森林漫游等疗养型游憩项目。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 2px solid white; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2017年6期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">基于游憩机会谱理论的城市公园体系研究</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.28; box-sizing: border-box;">——以安徽省宁国市为例</span></strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/L22M4MumINaf3kp6Lp4LXN2KSvVm8vnygyqH7v3jGJJicjic03oCdH4GOYbRBMtzoCv64wGQjNGqXjRhuXAogdSA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 8px 0% 0px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; margin-bottom: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);"><p style="margin: 0px; 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box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛1】供给侧结构性改革视角下的城乡规划转型</a></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 20.3636px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651344117&idx=1&sn=38b254ec57af959f6c6897882496b9aa&chksm=8b4279bdbc35f0ab0ab49d89f8c7396b266d6e71850f8c584c88c6d0cabfe4331c4e4a8c5331&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" se_prerender_url="complete">【规划师论坛2】厦门“降成本”规划供给体系改革策略</a></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; font-size: 14px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 17.92px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651344129&idx=1&sn=45d239b74cb168de4ac3713d8a704c2d&chksm=8b427849bc35f15f8dc17b93d705a397722555254ae060cd96874dea1ff73e2bdce6898abeca&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" se_prerender_url="complete" style="max-width: 100%; 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"><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(255, 129, 36); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">识别图中二维码进入微店购买《规划师》杂志</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjptgjxjaaSg6fwPtdSiaXfrZnPM52QX1CQ2wPX4Mu5lU3RiadE6loWicAFuw8v9mf0YbVSsnrI4icRug/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 8px 0% 0px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); 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