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<section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9k8ZQ4JVAwsgbSOsoMXfibmLd0kVV4icYJfaFrd2ZLkEF07lZn0HSYIYIQ/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" font-size: 38px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); margin: 10px 0% 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: auto; width: 3em; height: 3em; vertical-align: top; background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9k6H6BX67E2AOORUtfCiaQpw4exdUBia4PLGOmXzLQZTfRSIk9lBWar4OA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg"); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; display: inline-block; box-shadow: rgba(147, 183, 193, 0.58) -1.14715px 1.6383px 4px; border-style: dashed; border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0px; border-color: rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34);"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9k6H6BX67E2AOORUtfCiaQpw4exdUBia4PLGOmXzLQZTfRSIk9lBWar4OA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 80%; box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 0px 3px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; margin-left: -3px; margin-right: -3px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(189, 187, 187); border-left-color: rgb(189, 187, 187); padding: 0px 10px 5px; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(158, 192, 199); font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Some wechat official accounts, once to see into the heart, even in the moment, is eternal.</p><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">有些公众号，一旦入眼入心，</p><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">即便刹那，也是永恒！</p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 6px; height: 6px; float: right; margin-top: -3px; margin-right: -3px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 20%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: -20px 0% 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center; font-size: 13px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 0.3em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); border-left: 1px solid rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); border-right: 1px solid rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); border-top-color: rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="" style="padding: 0px 0.3em; margin-top: -1px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); border-right: 1px solid rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); border-left: 1px solid rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); border-bottom-color: rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="display: inline-block; width: 1em; margin: 0px; float: right; clear: none; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p class="" style="clear: both; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0; min-height: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: -20px 0% 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center; font-size: 13px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 0.3em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); border-left: 1px solid rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); border-right: 1px solid rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); border-top-color: rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); color: rgb(158, 192, 199); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">壹</p></section><section class="" style="padding: 0px 0.3em; margin-top: -1px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); border-right: 1px solid rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); border-left: 1px solid rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); border-bottom-color: rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="display: inline-block; width: 1em; margin: 0px; float: right; clear: none; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p class="" style="clear: both; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0; min-height: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: -20px 0% 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center; font-size: 13px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 0.3em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); border-left: 1px solid rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); border-right: 1px solid rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); border-top-color: rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); color: rgb(158, 192, 199); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">览</p></section><section class="" style="padding: 0px 0.3em; margin-top: -1px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); border-right: 1px solid rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); border-left: 1px solid rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); border-bottom-color: rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="display: inline-block; width: 1em; margin: 0px; float: right; clear: none; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p class="" style="clear: both; font-size: 0px; line-height: 0; min-height: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" font-size: 38px; text-align: right; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); margin: 0px 0% 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: auto; width: 3em; height: 3em; vertical-align: top; background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9kNeRBFia24fOSl05yVAqSg1KxVibMUQT3OD9hJZCmIia5u81Bqg8g7OtRg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg"); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; display: inline-block; box-shadow: rgba(147, 183, 193, 0.58) -1.14715px 1.6383px 4px; border-style: dashed; border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0px; border-color: rgba(141, 151, 154, 0.34);"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9kNeRBFia24fOSl05yVAqSg1KxVibMUQT3OD9hJZCmIia5u81Bqg8g7OtRg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.25em; height: 2.25em; border-left: 5px solid rgb(143, 212, 228); border-top: 5px solid rgb(143, 212, 228); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -2.25em; margin-left: 5px; padding-top: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" padding: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">编辑团队</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -2.25em; margin-right: 5px; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; line-height: 1.8; padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Angie Schmitt、Laura Bliss</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">翻译/ 方丽艳     文献/ 郭晓东     校验/ 众山小</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">编辑/ 众山小     排版/ 徐慧中</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="margin-left: auto; width: 2.25em; height: 2.25em; border-right: 5px solid rgb(143, 212, 228); border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(143, 212, 228); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 35%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; margin-bottom: -10px; margin-left: auto; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); border-left: 5px solid rgb(149, 218, 243); border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(149, 218, 243); border-top: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border-right: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 100%; border-right: 10px solid rgb(149, 218, 243); padding: 10px; background-color: rgba(238, 42, 107, 0.71); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9kdTfFiazkCdOaaLGff8aEiafzOqwaXjTVoWW4IKKSNyzTN7JlXycwfuIw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section style="width: 0px; margin-top: -10px; margin-left: auto; border-top: 5px solid rgb(149, 218, 243); border-left: 5px solid rgb(149, 218, 243); border-right: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 65%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 20px 0% 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: transparent; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(182, 182, 182); line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(38, 176, 231, 0.79); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">译者萌像与导读：</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(96, 96, 96); box-sizing: border-box;">近几年，随着“互联网+共享交通”的出现，越来越多的人放弃公共交通转而选择网约车出行。但是网约车终究还是不可持续的小汽车模式，始终替代不了公共交通，这是城市可持续发展使然。则一列出了三条显而易见的原因说明网约车Uber无法替代公共交通。则二通过一项在纽约市做的关于互联网+共享交通与公共交通关系的研究阐述，我们现在不应该把关注点放在共享交通和公共交通的敌友关系上，而是聚焦在如何实现城市交通可持续发展目标上。我们必须减少对小汽车的依赖，更多投资公共交通，所有的技术都改变不了一个简单的方程式：更快的行车时间，更少的交通拥挤，更安全的街道和更清洁的空气，都需要通过减少道路上的小汽车来实现。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 45%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 22px 0% 8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(185, 167, 121); box-sizing: border-box;" class=""></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 10%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9kyrZp9ribjaMHMPzvS4icd2kO2Q9Vj5xtnnKKMF9WibagjLxFzhe7QS6YQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 45%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 22px 0% 8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(185, 167, 121); box-sizing: border-box;" class=""></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(156, 187, 158); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">○</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(156, 187, 158); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">○</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; font-size: 38px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 3em; height: 3em; margin: auto; border-radius: 100%; border-width: 6px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9kNeRBFia24fOSl05yVAqSg1KxVibMUQT3OD9hJZCmIia5u81Bqg8g7OtRg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg"); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9kNeRBFia24fOSl05yVAqSg1KxVibMUQT3OD9hJZCmIia5u81Bqg8g7OtRg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 20%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(202, 198, 198); height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(202, 198, 198); height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 59%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: -10px 0% 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgba(38, 176, 231, 0.79); letter-spacing: 3px; padding: 0px 20px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(182, 182, 182); letter-spacing: 3px; padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">可持续城市与交通</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 20%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(202, 198, 198); height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(202, 198, 198); height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -12px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px; margin: auto; height: 16px; background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: 60%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px; margin: auto; height: 16px; background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="" style="margin-left: auto; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); margin-bottom: -5px; width: 5px; height: 5px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="border-right: 5px solid rgb(214, 240, 252); border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(214, 240, 252); border-top-color: rgb(214, 240, 252); border-left-color: rgb(214, 240, 252); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 222, 3); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">则一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Uber步替代不了公共交通的三大原因</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); margin-top: -5px; width: 5px; height: 5px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Usj5uic0W3NEiaUnyRiavS1MRwqmYrckSeDs8NUMCTWr2jibN8FX6LFygzoCkJtx1JFumlsrwfXz13ErUMFTicmpPmw/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /> <section class="" style="margin: 0.2em 0.5em -1.8em; padding: 0px 5px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Angie Schmitt      翻译/ 方丽艳</p></section><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Usj5uic0W3NEiaUnyRiavS1MRwqmYrckSeDN3myuBdU7NZljFPPjSCm5gTSJHhdgtGe5eFMpbwa1yIwcfm8NEt20Q/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9kW7HVu86U1EZCBhHM32sJBia0VCV8Ccj0ltCiay9tFFXlPRPHVcXbHfQA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(19, 19, 19); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、运送相同数量的乘客，私人小汽车比公共交通占用更多的空间资源</strong></em></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(57, 57, 57); letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; line-height: 1.8; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">从 Detroit到 Nashville公交项目正在与他们的对手博弈争论一个新的观点。最近一则就是诸如Uber 和 Lyft这些网约车可以实现“点对点”服务的网约车服务的兴起，使得这些固定路线巴士公交和轨道交通服务逐渐过时。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">如果你比较过小汽车和公共交通的空间资源消耗，以上观点就不成立。但是很多人都不会去思考他们出行的空间成本。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">如果你正在与某人争论“为什么公共交通是必不可少？”的问题，那么一篇来自公共交通中心的文章对你有所帮助<span style="color: rgb(29, 190, 231); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献1，如需下载请后台留言索取）</strong></span>。这篇文章条理清晰地论证了uber无法替代公交的原因，任何人都可以轻松理解。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(254, 67, 101); box-sizing: border-box;">以下就是公共交通研究中心(TransitCenter)给出的三条观点：</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 50px; height: 4px; margin-left: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -4px; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1、无论是Uber 还是Lyft仍然占据太多空间</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(57, 57, 57); letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; line-height: 1.8; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">假设一个城市放弃公交服务，而让Uber和Lyft承担起这一切。想象接下来会发生什么：所有乘坐LA地铁巴士系统的人都乘坐Uber，每个乘客都要去Williamsburg 桥。结果就是交通的全面拥堵。因为即使Uber 和Lyft在某些情况下有他的优势，但是小汽车出行服务永远解决不了大量消耗城市地理的问题。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 50px; height: 4px; margin-left: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -4px; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2、即使是低使用率的公交也能完胜高强度运营的网约车服务</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(57, 57, 57); letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; line-height: 1.8; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">不能每一辆公交巴士都做到满载，但是比起Uber车，即使是几乎空载的公交车也能做到更高效的使用城市道路空间资源。公共交通中心（TransitCenter）指出，一般一辆公交车每小时运送10个乘客被认为是“低绩效”，但这仍然完胜网约车。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">而对于一个Uber或者Lyft的司机来说，每小时 服务10个乘客那就意味这个司机每六分钟就要完成一单服务，这在美国城市是完全不可能实现的。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 50px; height: 4px; margin-left: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -4px; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3、早晚高峰期仍以公共交通需求为主，而不是出租车</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(57, 57, 57); letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; line-height: 1.8; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">假如你关注过Uber和Lyft运营高峰期，你会发现它总是发生在晚间公交车运营服务较少的时候。同时公交车在早晚高峰完全是满载的，而这个时段也很少有人用 Uber或Lyft作为日常通勤的交通工具。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">因此公交车和网约车服务其实是可以互补，尤其是在时段上互补，或者在一些公交系统欠发达的区域互补。但是千万不要被类似“公共交通将终结”之类的预言所蒙蔽，公交、地铁才是城市交通永远的主角。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/uibl2U9vbLgr7ZiaONkjReLcl3xlotvicDMrtV24WNHWSAX7OueYcawOBPk6HN25sf8zwyXxDVrS8eSicpKTsWibIiaA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -12px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px; margin: auto; height: 16px; background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: 60%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px; margin: auto; height: 16px; background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 50%; background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="" style="margin-left: auto; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); margin-bottom: -5px; width: 5px; height: 5px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="border-right: 5px solid rgb(214, 240, 252); border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(214, 240, 252); border-top-color: rgb(214, 240, 252); border-left-color: rgb(214, 240, 252); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 222, 3); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">则二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">是时候不再关注Uber是否是公共交通的敌人</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); margin-top: -5px; width: 5px; height: 5px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Usj5uic0W3NEiaUnyRiavS1MRwqmYrckSeDs8NUMCTWr2jibN8FX6LFygzoCkJtx1JFumlsrwfXz13ErUMFTicmpPmw/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /> <section class="" style="margin: 0.2em 0.5em -1.8em; padding: 0px 5px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Laura Bliss     翻译/ 方丽艳</p></section><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Usj5uic0W3NEiaUnyRiavS1MRwqmYrckSeDN3myuBdU7NZljFPPjSCm5gTSJHhdgtGe5eFMpbwa1yIwcfm8NEt20Q/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; line-height: 1.8; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">纽约的一项研究表明，一个更重要的问题值得关注，即<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(254, 67, 101); box-sizing: border-box;">如何将乘车服务因素纳入城市出行目标</span></strong>。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9kfhViaPEXFxicN1hGPrzvsgqEQTtn3lvZ2z2xTY4KEkVib6icdqkrVnicHPA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(19, 19, 19); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、Uber是否是公共交通的敌人？</strong></em></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">今年2月某个周四晚11点，我的两位布鲁克林的朋友正准备从Park Slope回去位于Bed-Stuy的家。他们都是刚刚来到这个地区生活，通过查看谷歌地图选择路径：如果乘坐地铁的话，意味着需要步行15分钟前往一座F线的地铁站，但是那儿他们打算乘坐的从曼哈顿开来的火车已经延误了20分钟。而且他们极有可能需要等待10-15分钟换乘到地铁C线。 为了这区区三英里的回家路，他们可能会坐一个小时的地铁。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">不过我的朋友们也可能走同样1个小时的时间回家，或者骑20分钟共享单车回家，不过当天却是天寒地冻。他们最后打算看看Lyft网约车：拼车只需要支付7美元，大约花费25分钟，可以享受温馨温暖的乘车服务，而且是门到门的服务。对他们来说，回家的交通选择显而易见。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">像这样的故事是否解释了今年以来全美公共交通客运量的下降？随着像Uber和Lyft这样的互联网+共享交通（TNC）的兴起，很多出行者有意愿放弃低成本的公共交通，而选择支付更高费用增加出行便利。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">据纽约时报报道，2016年纽约市地铁乘客经历了历史性绝对量的下降，而像Uber、Lyft以及其他小型互联网约车公司的业绩却呈现了三倍增长。从2015年6月的500万乘客增加到2016年的1600万。从这组数据看来，网约车陡增的收益与公共交通潜在客户的流失是存在显著相关的。近年来，越来越多的研究人员开始探讨Uber和他的用户正在破坏公共交通的使用。从纽约的发展趋势看网约车可能慢慢成为公共交通的敌人。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">但由Bruce Schaller最近公布的一份（纽约市交通顾问和前纽约交通局副局长）新报告显示<span style="color: rgb(29, 190, 231); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献2，如需下载请后台留言索取）</strong></span>，纽约市公共交通和网约车公司之间的关系远不止这么简单。随着Big Apple（纽约）城市人口的不断膨胀，更多的车主加入，将使得网约车服务覆盖面更广。随之而来的是，城市街道交通的恶化，车辆行驶总里程数不断增加，这也意味着排放量的增加。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">但是怎样才能平衡？ 有时互联网交通公司和公共交通会出现竞争同一个客户的现象，也可以解释为新旧交通出行模式的互相补充。同样值得一提的是，与其说网约车公司在“偷窃”乘客，还不如说是糟糕的公共交通服务或多或少的导致了乘客选择了他们。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(254, 67, 101); box-sizing: border-box;">也许我们不该总在纠结Ubers、Lyfts是公共交通的朋友还是敌对这个问题上。而是该聚焦思考如何推进网约车更好地帮助城市交通实现可持续发展目标。这样会变得更有趣且更有意义。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 50px; height: 4px; margin-left: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -4px; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一、乘车、再乘车</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9kHz4Eqs7ALUcbllB0GMASIcFbaib64nm4TDUv8KclemMEuNkO9BufF6w/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、乘客数量在上涨</strong></em></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Schaller的最新研究是纽约时报上周报道中三倍乘客数量增长的数据来源，该报告<span style="color: rgb(29, 190, 231); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献2，如需下载请后台留言索取）</strong></span>“对2013年以来纽约市网约车乘车服务的增长及其对交通、出行模式和车辆里程的影响进行了详细分析，并为对策略制定者提出建议”。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Schaller熟悉纽约这座城市，但这并不是他在纽约做这项研究的唯一原因。主要是因为在纽约更容易获取完整的网约车、出租车和其他租赁车辆的数据，包括出租车和网约车的行驶日志、每周租车量和车辆里程数等信息。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">通过分析这些数字，研究指出了网约车公司乘客数的惊人增长。在2016年1月纽约时报引述市长Bill de Blasio的报道中指出了Uber引发了纽约的交通拥堵问题<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(29, 190, 231); box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献3，如需下载请后台留言索取）</span></strong>。Schaller也早就预料到网约车乘客的增长或多或少反映出，乘客从纯粹的传统出租车出行转变为出行服务的消费。而现在看来，除了抢占传统出租车乘客外，网约车公司还在蚕食其他交通出行方式的用户。Schaller指出在2013 年至2016年期间，包括出租车和网约车在内的乘车服务行业呈现出5200万人的净增长，但是却呈现出传统出租车收益的大幅下滑，和网约车公司的收益显著增长。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 50px; height: 4px; margin-left: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -4px; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二、亦敌亦友</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9k5cUh2XVJYTUGzTFTkbwJ5OO3xJRZlb8JOl0bTcbOXwbWuJUqtF10yA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(19, 19, 19); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、他们就在这里。</strong></em></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">大都市交通署（MTA）公布的文件<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(29, 190, 231); box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献4，如需下载请后台留言索取）</span></strong>表明人们正在使用其他交通方式通勤，因为纽约市的就业增长明显快于公交乘客的增长。Schaller也认为“从1990年到2014年，地铁和公共汽车系统吸收了人口和经济活动增加所带来的全部或几乎所有的城市出行量增长。”但是现在的情况发生了改变，这很大程度归咎于类似Uber的网约车的出现。他写道“无论是2015年还是2016年，出租车和租车人数的增长呈现出明显的超过公交车乘客量的增长这一趋势，不过2017年以来，纽约的非机动车出行增长成为的最快的增长方式。”</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">网约车正在引导纽约人使用怎样的出行模式呢？我们了解到公交车的乘客量明显呈现长期下滑的趋势，2009年以来MTA也首次提出了地铁乘客数量的下降趋势。即使是用最全面的数据来分析，也很难说清网约车对公交车是蚕食还是互补。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Schaller还发现，尽管密集繁忙的曼哈顿拥有最高的网约车出行量，但是从2013年到2016年间网约车的大部分增长量，都发生在地铁和公共汽车服务不完善的区域，特别是传统出租车服务不足的地区。 Schaller的分析显示，在这些区域Uber和Lyft的车辆绝对可以取代出租车，但很难说是否能够替代公交服务或实现与公交服务的互补，即为公交服务发挥最后一公里的作用，实现与公交车的便捷换乘。也可能替代和互补两者并存。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">但在拥堵的曼哈顿，从2013年至2016年间，网约车公司的收益尽管也能保持持续增长。在那里，乘坐豪华轿车将被认为是身份的象征。 Schaller分析了网约车增长的高峰期，以便提出出行选择方案：</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 2px; border-style: dotted; border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209); padding: 10px; border-radius: 0.7em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(42, 92, 161); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">出行增长…往往集中在早上，甚至是早高峰时期，而这段时间正好是黄色出租车换班导致可用车辆不足的时间，其次是傍晚和周末，比起黄色出租车和公交车，乘客可以享受网约车的舒适和便利。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">这再次表明，叫车服务的不断增长是因为在出租车很难打到的时候，选择通过互联网约车。这在某种程度上，公共交通也是一样。在最宜步行的曼哈顿街道上，实惠的拼车功能也可能诱惑走累的步行者和骑行者坐到一起拼车。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">因此网约车对于公共交通是敌是友？这些最有力的数据表明，两者都有。那么下一个问题是，他们如何融入纽约市的交通整体，以实现可持续的城市交通？</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 50px; height: 4px; margin-left: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -4px; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">三、谁阻碍了谁</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9kRuTqPeYBlrRfsEajXDSvTjJraxk8LZzVLbdtSV1B8iawENnppLE812Q/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五、他们在拓展。</strong></em><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.8; letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">我们每个人都讨厌乘坐公交车。拥堵加大了时间和金钱成本，影响公交车出行效率，从而使得公交服务在纽约变得越来越糟糕。从2013年开始，随着当地经济和人口的增加，白天在曼哈顿CBD的行车速度下降了11％。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">根据Schaller对车辆行驶里程数据和平均停车时间的分析估计， 2013年至2016年间，在曼哈顿西部的布鲁克林和皇后街区（该市最拥堵的内环），不断增长的网约车额外增加了7%行驶里程数。这势必会对交通产生很大的影响，他写道：</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 2px; border-style: dotted; border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209); padding: 10px; border-radius: 0.7em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(42, 92, 161); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2008年，纽约治堵委员会的报告指出，拥堵收费制度将使曼哈顿CBD的小汽车驾驶里程下降6％，平均速度提高7％。 走走停停的交通行驶状况也将更快消失，人们在拥堵交通条件下的时间花费将减少了20％至30％。而相反的动态预测是，交通量的个位数增长，都将大大增加小汽车遭遇到严重拥堵的机会。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(57, 57, 57); letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; line-height: 1.8; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">Schaller指出， Uber和Lyft大力推广拼车出行的同时，可能也会额外增加道路上的小汽车交通流量，也很难减少行驶里程数。因为他们在某些地区和某些特定时段仍然吸引更多的人放弃选择公共交通、步行和自行车而转为使用小汽车。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">听起来似乎很糟糕！ 但是另外一方面，我们的研究却表明，网约车的使用大部分是在交通量较少的夜晚和周末发生的。增加的行驶里程数肯定对环境不利，但也许人们对增加的网约车流量没有直观感受，也并没有想象的这么多，因为这些车辆都避开高峰时段。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 50px; height: 4px; margin-left: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -4px; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">四、跳出这个问题思考</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9kvB8LlUP51wn8bC5l66FxjTJLCkZL3AdZ3SdKJBicxbsddOncLACHrDQ/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图六、工作者正寻求其它方式抵达目的地。</strong></em></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(57, 57, 57); letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 0px 7px; line-height: 1.8; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">这到底意味着什么？ 纽约是否应该保持现状，允许网约车公司填补公共交通的空白？尽管其对公共交通产生影响仍然存在争议。但这又回归到这个问题核心 ---什么才是最重要的问题。也许是时候停止探讨Uber / Lyft对公交、步行和自行车的“利”或“弊”之争。而是探讨，他们如何为城市的可持续发展目标的愿景做出贡献。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">针对这些问题，Schaller的许多研究结果解释了网约车如何填补纽约交通网络的空白：当出租车难以到达，而地铁和巴士服务又很糟糕，Uber和Lyft将帮助建立便捷的接驳系统。越来越多的公共交通服务水平较低的城市，正在以此为借口推广网约车服务来替代公共汽车，有时甚至补贴票价。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">但正如Henry Grabar在 Slate网站上写到的那样，可能会陷入交通自我失败的无限循环。低水平的公交服务（特别是公共汽车）直接导致乘客量下降，从而导致城市对网约车的愈发依赖，而愈发依赖网约车又导致城市公共交通投资减少，从而引发公交乘客人数的继续下降。即便是在拥有强大地铁和公共汽车网络的纽约市也要未雨绸缪，公共交通服务质量正在下降，乘客正在消失。由于公交车运营速度慢，因此抵达时间难以预期，公共汽车系统的乘客量一直处于“大失血”状态，这也必须归咎于日益严重的交通拥堵。而轨道交通系统乘客的流失则出现在周末，因为正在进行的地铁系统维修，导致了特别令人痛苦的延误。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">同时，由于油价下跌和经济向好，全美范围内还有更多的人重新使用小汽车。像MTA这样的机构也要与这些外力对抗。一位城市官员可以从Schaller的研究结论中总结得出：网约车正在帮助纽约人，而不仅仅是伤害他们。因为他们可能转变了一些人，以前总是自己开车，而现在可以使用网约车服务。而且似乎并没有造成太多的人放弃核心的公共交通通勤模式。也许分析结论现在看来可能是对的，但是一旦你自鸣得意并放松警惕，稍微允许公共交通服务质量停滞或下降一丢丢，这立刻会帮助网约车占有更多市场份额，而这又反过来加剧交通拥堵的持续恶化，并使地面交通状况更加糟糕透顶。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(254, 67, 101); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Schaller等人对纽约和其他城市做了一些建议。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">首先交通主管部门应该花上双倍的精力，帮助公共交通更具吸引力，这可能意味着需要强制执行更多实实在在的公共汽车和自行车路权优先的政策。调整交通信号灯以便满足公交车优先通行的功能，提供更多车外站台售检票系统，或者更多新型捷的支付手段，并在站台安装乘客服务信息系统，为乘客提供倒计时以预报抵达时间。另外实行道路拥堵收费方案，以切实减少高峰时段的交通拥堵。同时网约车为使用街道付费，也为消费者传递了道路收费的信号。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">来自加州大学伯克利分校，研究交通运输和共享汽车的专家Susan Shaheen指出，价格策略还可以减少单人驾车出行的需求，“我们通常在共享汽车服务分析中并没有提到”，她在电子邮件中写道。 在亚利桑那州立大学的一位交通和城市规划学者David King补充说，城市应该要求网约车公司提供更详细的出行数据（这在纽约市在二月份取得了进展），否则他们将一直在为澄清这些复杂的动态关系而大费周折。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">即使是使用最全面的数据，研究人员和政策制定者也许永远不能完全解释清楚导致人们从一种交通模式转而选择另一种交通模式的动态关系。乘客是人，而不是机器，他们所做的决定基于无数的微观主体，这是永远无法数据化。然而很明显，纽约市强大的公交系统曾经支撑其多年的人口和经济增长。而现在小汽车正在承担着越来越多的支撑作用。共享乘车服务或许即将终结，或许以无人驾驶小汽车的形式继续存在。但是这些技术都改变不了简单的逻辑定律：更快的行车时间，更少的交通拥挤、更安全的街道和更清洁的空气，都需要通过减少道路上的小汽车实现。 那么减少小汽车依赖，意味首先从投资公共交通系统开始。</p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; 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" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(202, 220, 234); box-sizing: border-box;" class=""></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; color: rgba(38, 176, 231, 0.79); letter-spacing: 1.5px; line-height: 1.8; padding: 0px 7px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们为本文提供的免费下载资料有：</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1、《为什么Uber无法杀死公共交通》</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9kSJ7dtvmLgMjMA0iaIFa7Abv5xLxicuvjfT6HhyuofEgLhzqiclyMDXsng/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9k5OMMia3RHO5uiauetAk4QP7KsPWR8fbdqgiaT8bmiaJxJwc57kP16RzlFA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; color: rgba(38, 176, 231, 0.79); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: justify; white-space: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2、《不可持续吗?基于互联网应用的共乘服务与交通、出行和纽约市的未来》</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9kic843GnKT8XKmMYlR8n4e2icN1iap3CHr6Uq2BYHHZJdiauC9DdZ5pORUw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9krWB560TQEk2nNianKkFPgBGahPiau3BeOAT3aH69WUkmPicoRPKLM1Duw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9kVVcYkdfIumNROY5e1ue3VGoBFwWy3KwlOPce0XgwVkFMPF8f2Dgz1Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9kwwTsj6dO8fn321B95VQHX8YmAIZf8NiaQJwJV7lrHbqtWrmAXcv8qfg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; color: rgba(38, 176, 231, 0.79); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3、《对于应召车辆的交通研究》</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaibF4JoictU2WQxd4jCOoQh9k8AQjibD0xbkiczfBFUA8BqbIibmGjRNiabWIhhjiaYbxxBOnic4IiaicLAAWoA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; 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