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<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 15%; padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: 10px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mj44fFjx4uIlbXgj4mqNTsBPyD03r3fyXGgwBy4QrpS5ERE36aVkg0MMnyyOM9ZL1vMDnicFs1CPZA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 70%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0% 0px; 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"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 10px 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 50%; border: 3px solid rgb(254, 193, 192); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 5px 0px; clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">作者<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">大连市城市规划设计研究院编研信息中心副主任</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">王欣</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">，大连市城市规划设计研究院主任工程师</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">薛丽华</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2017年第5期撰文，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城乡规划的本质是对空间资源这一复杂系统进行有效配置，而系统性的城乡空间分析则是确保规划前瞻性、合理</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">性的重要技术支撑。文章基于混合审视方法论提出了“全局统筹分析+综合布局分析+专项设计分析”的多层审视分析体系</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">构建方案及云平台动态模型的技术应对框架，呼应当前“在统筹上下功夫，在重点上求突破”的城市发展基调。</span></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 50%; border: 3px solid rgb(42, 118, 162); float: right; margin-top: -6px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 12px; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; margin-bottom: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词]混合审视方法论；空间分析；云平台；城乡规划<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-color: rgb(95, 94, 102); width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号]1006-0022(2017)05-0088-07　</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号]TU984.11 + 3　</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码]B</span></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">[引文格式]王欣，薛丽华．基于混合审视方法论的规划空间分析体系与技术应对方案[J]．规划师，2017(5)：88-94．</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/egmicQSRoFruMG9ibQPnVwRrgmdKiahAdTs0YfMxicI9fvKpCJVHwgwKRe6XdP1s3Xxicn2oTFvNibIicy1JJDTcN3pZw/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-radius: 1em; padding: 0.3em 0.8em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一  <span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span> <span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">混合审视规划空间分析体系<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span>混合审视方法论解析<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">城乡规划的本质是对空间资源这一复杂系统进行<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">有效配置。而城乡空间系统性分析则是确保规划前瞻</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">性、合理性的重要技术支撑。针对城市空间结构、功</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">能布局所构建的一系列分析、模拟、预测和调控方法</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">与技术的总和，可称为规划空间分析体系</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">科学的规划空间分析体系构建在<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">与之适应的方法论理论基础之上。在城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">乡规划领域，综合规划方法论与分离渐</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">进规划方法论代表了两种决策方向。前</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">者强调宏观系统性，提出综合性、普遍</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">性的规划应对策略；后者关注微观实用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">性，主张将全局性问题分解为具体问</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">题逐一解决。埃齐奥尼综合了上述两</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">种思路，在《Mixed-scanning: A Third </span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">Approach to Decision-marking》一文</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">中提出了“第三种决策方法论” — 混</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">合审视方法论。该方法论在综合规划框</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">架下协同分离渐进的具体行动，由宏观</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">战略层面的基本决策和微观执行层面的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">项目决策组成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">综合规划要求无差别的全面分析，<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">难以在城乡空间复杂系统中落实。分离</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">渐进规划的实施以割裂整体为代价，忽</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">视了城乡空间的系统性。而混合审视要</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">求有重点、分层次地审视系统性问题，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">统筹总体发展目标，协同具体行动方案，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">适用于针对复杂系统的综合分析。混合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">审视的这一特性与中央城市工作会议提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">出的“在统筹上下功夫，在重点上求突</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">破”的城市发展基调相呼应</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/QLdA1F4YJTj3jYjQPm6GiaTxYlbpBu5biaCUCwF5yFhJIiaKpCIJYAXXOSDwWP39K8GtDVO0djJoP2JkWxPuUDlkA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /> <section class="" style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; margin: -0.9em auto 0.9em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; margin-left: 1px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span>多层审视分析体系<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">基于混合审视方法论构建多层次、<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">多尺度的审视体系是混合审视规划空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">分析体系的基本内涵。为了合理、有序</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">地实施规划管控，城乡空间被分解为多</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">重规划体系，如在空间尺度上划分的城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">市规划区、中心城区与控制单元等，在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城市功能上分类的历史文化街区、中央</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">商务区、居住区和产业区等。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在混合审视视角下，多重规划体系<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">具有宏观和微观二重属性：向上表现出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">微观要素性，某一层级规划空间是其上</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">层相对宏观规划空间体系的构成要素之</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">一；向下表现出宏观系统性，这一层级</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划空间又是由其下层相对微观的规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间要素所组成的系统。多重规划体系</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">之间彼此嵌套、动态关联，绝非简单的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">等级从属关系。然而，在空间分析实践</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">中多重规划体系往往被理解为定式的空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">间尺度和固化的层级关系，空间分析的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">系统性与科学性被削弱。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">针对以上问题，笔者拓展了混合审<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">视方法论的基本决策与项目决策框架，提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">出“全局统筹分析+综合布局分析+专</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">项设计分析”的多层审视分析体系(图1)。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjgkqV1jqs4gIZawmeRtESoxR6gaWmuibHDd5ppulxYHQPicmSb7UYmzuhKvDCQtO5DWfMUaKSYgBicA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1.全局统筹分析</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">全局统筹分析立足上位规划，在宏<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">观空间尺度上审视空间发展、功能定位</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">与区域协同等基本决策问题，是“提高</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划全局性”的客观要求。例如，划定</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城市增长边界，需要充分考虑城市远景</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规模并综合各类全局性空间规划。其核</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">心分析要素包括空间、规模与产业三大</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">结构，生产、生活与生态三大布局，以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">及规划、建设和管理三大环节。分析框</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">架则是对宏观空间适宜性评价和限制性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">评价两方面分析结果的叠加及对政策、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">经济、文化等影响因素的综合。分析结</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">果框定城市发展边界。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2.综合布局分析</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">综合布局分析解决基本决策与项目<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">决策之间的中观布局问题，以规划范围</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">内各类空间要素及其互动关系为审视重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">点，落实全局统筹并指导专项设计，提</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">高空间内部布局的合理性与集约度。例</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">如，分区、控规等各层级用地规划的空</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">间布局问题，需要协调生产空间的集约</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">利用、生活空间的优化布局和生态空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的保护管控。分析框架落实“精明增长”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">与“紧凑城市”理念，从构成城市诸多</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">要素、结构、功能和容量等方面入手，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">集成“三生空间”适应性评价，综合各</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">类专项规划内容。分析结果指导本区域</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的用地布局、服务设施配置及建设指标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的分配。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">3.专项设计分析</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">专项设计分析服务项目决策，着眼<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">实际用地的详细设计和具体项目的空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">选址，是综合布局在微观实际空间上的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">具体落实。以详细规划中的总平面设计</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">为例，分析要素包括现状建设、地形地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">势、地质构造等场地建设条件，公共服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">务设施、基础设施和道路交通等区位条</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">件，以及综合地价与建设成本等经济条</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">件。分析框架涵盖了建设需求性分析、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">用地适建性分析、景观分析与视觉模拟</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">等。分析结果直接运用于场地详细布局</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和空间形态塑造并指导建筑形体设计。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">多层审视分析体系强调在规划空间<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">上的联动嵌套，从宏观到微观是逐层解</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">析的过程，从微观到宏观则是逐级集成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的关系。实践中各层次规划都要面对基</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">本决策和项目决策问题，不同尺度、不</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">同类型规划的空间分析应结合规划实际</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">构建多层审视分析体系，这一点是混合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">审视方法论的基本要求。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/QLdA1F4YJTj3jYjQPm6GiaTxYlbpBu5biaCUCwF5yFhJIiaKpCIJYAXXOSDwWP39K8GtDVO0djJoP2JkWxPuUDlkA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /> <section class="" style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; margin: -0.9em auto 0.9em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; margin-left: 1px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span>混合集成分析方法<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">“混合集成”是混合审视规划空间<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">分析体系的核心方法。空间规划的混合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">集成分析方法来源于麦克哈格的生态规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">划思想。其在《设计结合自然》一书中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">阐述了基于土地适应性分析的土地利用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">分析途径，提出了针对多重空间影响因</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">子的叠加集成分析方法，包括建立关系</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">矩阵、绘制因素图与叠加合成等具体方</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">法。这一分析方法赋予了规划空间分析</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">体系科学属性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">构建空间分析模型是混合集成分析<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">方法的实现手段。在进行多层审视实践</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">时，通过对城市诸要素的空间特征、分</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">布规律和空间相互作用机制进行混合集</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">成分析发现其内在关系，综合科学理论、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">经验知识和专家判断提出空间分析模型，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">通过现有数据定量计算、定性评估与检</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">测修正，模拟和预测城市空间发展趋势。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/egmicQSRoFruMG9ibQPnVwRrgmdKiahAdTs0YfMxicI9fvKpCJVHwgwKRe6XdP1s3Xxicn2oTFvNibIicy1JJDTcN3pZw/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding: 3px 0px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(224, 224, 224); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 5px; display: inline-block; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二    <span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 混合审视规划空间分析的技术<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">实现途径</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span>混合审视方法论与规划信息化<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">混合审视方法论早在 1967 年就被<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">提出，但空间信息技术的相对滞后制约</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">了该方法论的实践应用。在基本决策层</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">面，由于缺乏海量信息的获取、处理和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">分析能力，无法实现真正意义上的综合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">性全局考量。在项目决策层面，抽样调</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">查的局限和信息反馈的滞后无法保证规</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">划结论的客观性。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">规划信息化旨在增强规划的科学<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">性，是空间信息技术在城乡规划领域的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">创新应用体系。近年来，大数据、互联网、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">云计算与空间技术结合，规划信息化进</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">入了云平台、智慧化的新阶段。在这一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">背景下空间信息的获取与集成运算的能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">力与速度大幅提升，多层混合集成分析</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">具备了一定的技术基础。以下笔者将具</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">体阐述基于云平台动态模型的混合审视</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划空间分析的技术实现途径 ( 图 2)。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjgkqV1jqs4gIZawmeRtESoP4Og8SVBWAHWSrf0oHyJkX1fLJSJNH4BbgPF86d99HCHZYgH6WElSA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/Yqm4GicPXk6kxCufib9vo5WC7ibZsFt31iazXvNKz92zGkek1iaqppkC0ic6rqL5rnUfaCibaKLGqZc49Nicotc2A1wHFA/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span>云平台动态模型框架体系<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">云平台动态模型在内容上按照多<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">层审视分析体系归类技术资源。云平台</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">动态模型的体系框架构建如下：以“云</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">GIS”为核心整合“大数据”资源，形</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">成规划云平台，支撑动态模型框架的运</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">行和演进，服务个案模型的应用与反馈。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6;">云平台动态模型从整体上支撑区域统筹</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">分析，若干动态模型的关联集成支撑综</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">合布局分析，个案动态模型支撑专项设</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">计分析。这种类似蜂窝结构的框架体系，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">在技术上有效对应多层审视分析体系的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">解析与集成关系，具备模块化、集合性</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">与开放性等特点，在实践中兼具策略普</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">遍性和方法针对性的双重优势。云平台</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">动态模型所涉及的云计算、“云 GIS”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和“大数据”应用日臻成熟，人工智能</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的发展也提供了更多的技术可能，可以</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">说云平台动态模型具备了技术实现基础</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">(图3)。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjgkqV1jqs4gIZawmeRtESowKh4JCibDX7BYYyZBE3uiaVOODTGw2Hpma6u9YIQoLE3UibrtWibjVdeeA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 5px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1.规划云平台</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">云平台是当下信息化技术热点，在<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划领域有两种发展趋势：一种是内向</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">云平台，支持云计算、海量用户和海量</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">数据存储，能够实现规划信息的汇集共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">享与专业技术协同；另一种是外向云平</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">台，运行于互联网环境的参与式规划平</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">台。本文提及的规划云平台主要基于前</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">者建立，为动态模型提供计算资源和云</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">计算服务，包括应用云与大数据云。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(1)应用云。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">应用云是基于“云GIS”的服务层。<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">地理信息系统GIS支持空间数据的采集、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">管理、处理、分析、建模与显示，辅助</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">解决复杂的规划和管理问题。云计算基</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">于互联网模式，实现分布式计算和网络</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">计算的延伸。“云 GIS”则是二者结合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的产物，将空间数据、功能与应用部</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">署于以云计算为支撑的平台上，使 GIS</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">Web 应用以更加简便、高效的形式服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">务规划设计用户端。应用云具备针对大</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">数据云的处理能力，是动态模型的服务</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">环境</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(2)大数据云。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">大数据云是数据层，包括数据本身<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">及数据获取、驱动的应用系统。大数据</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">覆盖全部调查对象，弥补了抽样调查数</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">据造成的结论偏差。作为多样性资源载</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">体的大数据云不仅包括空间信息、时间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">信息与属性信息等矢量数据，还涉及经</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">济、社会、文化等方面的官方和非官方</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">信息。例如，地图 POI “兴趣点”、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">LBS 人迹地图、热力图和拥挤查询等服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">务，直观反映区域活力与人群聚集度，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">可应用于公共服务设施布局、职住平衡</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和人口分布等规划分析。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 5px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2.动态模型</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在实践中，规划分析模型往往针对<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">个案一事一议地研究，忽视了对同类模</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">型的归纳与总结。推动模型的动态扩展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和优化调整是当下研究的新方向。笔者</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">所提出的动态模型建设构想强调以规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">云平台为支撑，给予分析模型自身分化</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">与进化的能力(图4)。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjgkqV1jqs4gIZawmeRtESoYkjVqPJMCLmWtiavhP3bXYP4zD996JNF0FBuwl1pWurCz8ElRXaAiaicg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(1)动态运行机制。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在规划云平台系统下，动态模型可<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">提供模型构建和计算服务，功能包括专</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">题模型框架、空间数据服务、分析工具</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">组件和分析结果输出。动态模型兼顾了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划分析的共性与个性，用户可以选择</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">专题模型框架直接分析，也可以自主安</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">排分析组件、增减评价因子，从而实现</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">对模型的自主调整。云平台将会记录个</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">案模型，在反馈机制下专题模型框架随</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">着个案积累逐步修正与优化。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(2)专题模型库。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">动态模型专题模型库包括个案分析<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">模型及基于个案的专题模型框架。在整</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">体构架方面，横向上对应混合审视规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间分析体系形成“全局统筹分析+综</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">合布局分析+专项设计分析”的层次结</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">构，纵向建立对应方法的技术结构，形</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">成规划实践应用与专业技术的系统性联</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">系。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(3)分析工具组件。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">工具组件是动态模型GIS基本功能<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的模块化组织，将分析模型框架技术节</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">点上的GIS基本功能集成为通用的工具</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">组件，降低技术门槛以适应没有GIS背</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">景的规划师对动态模型的使用要求。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/egmicQSRoFruMG9ibQPnVwRrgmdKiahAdTs0YfMxicI9fvKpCJVHwgwKRe6XdP1s3Xxicn2oTFvNibIicy1JJDTcN3pZw/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; padding-left: 6px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 6px; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三   </strong></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">混合审视方法的应用实践<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></p></section><section style="margin-top: -9px; margin-left: -6px; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; border-color: rgb(13, 0, 21); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; height: 16px; width: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">全局统筹分析 — 以“多规融合”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城市增长边界划定为例</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">“多规融合”是大连市加强城乡空<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">间管控，实现“一张蓝图干到底”的重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">要举措。不同于“三规合一”强调“三</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规”建设用地边界的吻合，“多规融合”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">则基于混合审视规划方法协调各类空间</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划的规模、边界与秩序，通过“全局</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">统筹分析”划定包括刚性生态安全边界</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">和弹性动态平衡边界在内的城市增长边</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">界。刚性生态安全边界是基于城市生态</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">安全和粮食安全而确定的基本生态格局</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的底线，需保证城乡山水格局与生态网</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">络的完整性和延续性。弹性动态平衡边</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">界是根据不同规划期限内城市人口规模</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">预测而推算出的城市用地规模，具备根</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">据战略调整、经济波动和重点项目变更</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">而动态调整并维持总量平衡的能力。在</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">“全局统筹分析”层面，城市增长边界</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的划定涉及各类空间规划的边界统筹和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">专类空间规划的要素评价</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1.边界统筹</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjgkqV1jqs4gIZawmeRtESoS4ZnXHAYBmbQPicjAbHibTYqgeGBAPibvxRpxJ1BzhtRoYbLGauT64McA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2.要素综合</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjgkqV1jqs4gIZawmeRtESoiau0CeAQp3FQpuScJgseWxZ7IJIN9oHCGDicrLFSXibR4Iayzak5Oh8aw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(1)景源热度评价。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">景源综合评价模型框架指标体系在<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">人文价值、环境水平、利用条件与规模</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">范围等4组基本评价因子的基础上引入</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">了“吸引力”评价。“吸引力”参考了</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">某互联网平台提供的“拥挤查询”数据，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">基于景区范围内 9：00 ～ 17：00 的平</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">均拥挤度分布特征对比景点“吸引力”。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">按照规划景源分值作为影响权重，运用</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">热力分析工具组件对景源空间分布进行</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">综合计算，得到景源热力图。景点热度</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">较高的区域应划入核心景区基本范围。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(2)建设影响修正。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">核心景区须排除不利建设因素。从<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">视觉影响、环境影响两方面进行评价，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">评估景区边缘的建设影响。对景源热力</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">图和负向建设影响评价的最低值与最高</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">值进行分析，分配权重，通过栅格叠加</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">综合两方面影响生成分析结果。经规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">分析论证，提取结果图中的某阈值作为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">等值线，即需划出核心景区的范围边界。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">参考景源要素综合评价模型分析<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">结果，规划对核心景区的范围进行了细</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">化、优化。推而广之，要素综合评价模</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">型还可应用于自然保护区中林地、基本</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">农田等生态要素管控边界划定的具体分</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">析中。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KxZZjuWtffB3HYeokYJJpXuGpozpIRMaDO0EQUO4gxqjFmVDRPnjMAB4I2JsYAHkQXkOzZibfmYMFuxheFxThrA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">综合布局分析 — 以产业组团</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">集约布局、居住片区有机更新为例</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1.产业组团集约布局</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">案例是大连典型近郊区产业组团的<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">总体规划。在“全局统筹分析”视角下</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">该近郊区作为外围功能组团，既是传统</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">产业转型升级的先导区，又是“三生”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间的过渡区，被赋予了 “生态、科技、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">创新”的主题定位。混合审视空间分析</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的重点、难点在于产业用地的“综合布</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">局分析”，结合区域现状发展情况、顺</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">应产业集聚趋势完成工业、科研用地的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">优化调整与集约布局，具体通过产业发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">展综合评价实现。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(1)现状产业综合评价。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">核心竞争力是产业发展的根本动<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">力，现状产业综合评价模型框架依据产</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">业竞争力理论建立，形成了由4个方面</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">11类评价因子构成的指标体系，包括发</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">展前景方面的门类一致性、生长周期、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">带动水平；综合能力方面的产值、就业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">人数和纳税总额；竞争效益方面的人均</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">产值、企业地均产值；区位条件方面的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">交通条件、环境条件与配套服务。评价</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">方法运用主成分分析法，将复杂的变量</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">降维处理，提取累积贡献率大于80％的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">关键少数指标，权重取主成分方差贡献</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">率。按照计算结果将企业划分为龙头企</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">业、优势企业、一般企业和建议搬迁企</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">业。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjgkqV1jqs4gIZawmeRtESo2RWWBp7m7FrPQ1epHYyMIZlu94iacSMsxz9Yp6Mg59AeYUc17QObDEQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">工业用地适宜性评价指标体系由交<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">通条件、服务条件与工业基础条件构成</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">正向影响因素。为了避免工业生产对生</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">态环境和居住质量的不良影响，将生态</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">廊道、自然岸线和居住区等因素作为负</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">向影响因素。考虑到生态、科技、创新</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的互利关系，科研用地将生态因素作为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">正向影响因素，增加基础设施的负向影</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">响因素。上述因素的影响半径根据技术</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规范结合实际调查结果修正后确定。因</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">子权重运用德尔菲法，综合企业调查问</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">卷及专家建议确定。使用用地适宜性评</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">价工具组件(欧氏距离分析、栅格加权</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">叠加分析)分级处理获得评价结果 —</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">产业用地适宜性评价分析图(图5)。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">运用“混合集成”综合现状产业</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6;">综合评价结果和产业用地适宜性评价结</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">果，完成了近郊区产业优化及集约布局</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">方案，形成了“一心、两带、两集群”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的产业规划空间发展结构。这一“综合</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">布局分析”基本模型框架在同类规划中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">得到广泛应用、反复修正并持续优化。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjgkqV1jqs4gIZawmeRtESo4x6WbDZ4iaofZ2I8ISiaXdZV4elaj2gUNxL1pX5cdHbhBWa7rgwAaKibA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 3px; display: inline-block; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2.居住片区有机更新</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">以旧城居住片区某单元控制性详细<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">规划为例，上位规划明确以居住为主导</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">功能，要求提升环境品质，完善公共服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">务设施，改善基础设施，营造良好的人</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">居环境。从经营城市的理念出发，有机</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">更新是此类规划的主题，混合审视的关</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">键在于平衡城市公共利益与土地经济效</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">益。有机更新基于符合价值规律的“综</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">合布局分析”，结合更新潜力评价提出</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">综合性整体更新方案。更新潜力评价模</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">型框架包括区位价值评价和更新潜力评</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">估。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjgkqV1jqs4gIZawmeRtESoGCMaXDRrv8ntVFkrfOzCpVKQtV6dEPh0Wq8RZk9ltyBIUraiaEJ87Vg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">区位价值评价指标体系由服务条<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">件、交通条件、环境条件与负向影响 4</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">个方面的 15 类影响因子构成。影响因</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">子数据来源于现状空间矢量数据和地图</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">POI。各类要素的空间影响范围可参考</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">服务半径、影响半径等标准加以确定。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">要素的影响权重因需求而异，总体上与</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">居民年龄相关，如25～30岁(未婚青年)</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的居民注重住地的可达性，30 ～ 45 岁</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">( 有学龄子女 ) 的居民对义务教育服务</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">需求强烈，65岁以上(退休)的居民更</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">加关注医疗设施的完备及广场、公园、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">绿地等活动场所的近便。因此，因子权</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">重体系根据人口年龄构成与问卷调查结</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">果综合确定。使用区位综合评价等工具</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">组件 ( 欧氏距离分析、核密度、栅格重</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">分类和栅格加权叠加 ) 计算，具有递减</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">半径的要素采用欧氏距离分析，基本配</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">套要素采用核密度分析，经归一化运算</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">得到相对区位价值评价图。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">从理论上看，区位价值与房价成正<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">比，为验证以上结论的科学性，用该区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">域房价空间分布数据对区位价值评价图</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">进行了校准。房价空间分布数据来自某</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">互联网房产交易平台消息，经空间转化、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">纠偏得到。通常容积率是区位价值的一</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">种量化表达形式，与本地区近期实施的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">更新项目容积率进行比较，可将区位价</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">值表达为规划容积率区间(图6)。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjgkqV1jqs4gIZawmeRtESoxEU2XfMElhjzaOrLtwqrB5TfGSkjeYBd20JDibKYNuRPicxDA65Me2Ig/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span><br  /></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjgkqV1jqs4gIZawmeRtESo1JsdPN310fJ4zq0kCv269lhH0QId1ZEdztvKrxXm9Yw7NGSuFL7WeA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjgkqV1jqs4gIZawmeRtESoQdDzqteHIvXibW0ppVWHsibAacnErefsZibKibKn68eFvJb0QZgoiaH8Bdw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KxZZjuWtffB3HYeokYJJpXuGpozpIRMaDO0EQUO4gxqjFmVDRPnjMAB4I2JsYAHkQXkOzZibfmYMFuxheFxThrA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-top-right-radius: 1em; border-bottom-right-radius: 1em; border: 2px solid rgb(58, 140, 226); padding: 0px 10px; color: rgb(58, 140, 226); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">专项设计分析 — 以滨海区域</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">景观利用评价为例</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">案例是位于大连半岛西北端远离城<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">市且依山面海的外围滨海生活组团。大</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">连全域拥有 1370 余公里的海岸线，但</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">其中的生活和旅游岸线只有8％。在“全</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">局统筹分析”层面，这一景观条件优越</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的生活组团被定位为“滨海休养小镇”。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">“综合布局分析”框定了建设用地、路</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">网主干和建设指标。“专项设计分析”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">以滨海景观高效利用、滨海空间开放共</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">享为目标，基于景观利用评价优化生活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">空间布局。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(1)视域范围提取。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">景观利用评价基本模型框架基于视<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">觉分析理论，分析规划区内所有视点对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">于特定视域范围内景观对象的视觉可见</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">性。首先需要确定有效视域范围。根据</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">美国林务部在1995年提出的三级视距研</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">究结果，人的视觉感观在中观空间范围</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">内，0 ～ 550m 范围内为近景、550 ～</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">4200m范围内为中景、4200m以外为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">远景。远景区域的物体几乎很难被看清，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">可不作为分析对象。案例海域的几处主</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">要景观岛屿分布于距岸线4200m以内，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">属于内中景和近景，规划将这一范围内</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">的海面、岛屿与岸线作为景观分析视域</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">范围。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">(2)观景效果分级评价。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">获得视域范围空间数据之后，提取<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">海岸线、地形数据，对视域范围的海面</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">进行网格化处理，获得视域空间数据。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">使用景观可见性分析工具组件 (景观面</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">域分析 ) 计算获得初步评价结果，客观</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">反映规划区域不同位置对于近景及中景</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">海域的可见程度(视域范围面积大小)。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">结合实地感观将用地分为四级：一级为</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">海景最佳区域，视域范围最大，观海视</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">野最好、效果极佳；二级为海景良好区</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">域，观海视野较好、海景局部有遮挡；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">三级为海景可见区域，观海视野一般、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">海景遮挡较多；四级为海景不可见区域，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">海景被完全遮挡(图7)。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mjgkqV1jqs4gIZawmeRtESoDiaM0MALMxU1icnRucL7YYYTLZEv8k9JLSLZcu3JfXC3tBpBsrc46H9Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;"></span><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">规划结合观景效果分级评价，综合<span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">建筑高度因素优先将广场、公园与绿地</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">等公共开放空间布置在一级区，保证优</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">质海景资源的开放共享；将各类公共服</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">务、居住和旅游等用地布置在二、三级</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">区，以实现地尽其景，发挥最大效益；</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">将其他用地布置于四级区。由此，规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">形成以景观为主导的“一心、三轴、三区、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">多节点”的滨海区域生活空间优化布局</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">形式。除对海景资源的评价外，景观利</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">用评价模型框架还可分化为山体底景、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.45; box-sizing: border-box;">城市背景评价模型。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/egmicQSRoFruMG9ibQPnVwRrgmdKiahAdTs0YfMxicI9fvKpCJVHwgwKRe6XdP1s3Xxicn2oTFvNibIicy1JJDTcN3pZw/0?wx_fmt=gif" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 5px; 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