国匠城工作台

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<section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: 10px 0% 20px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/raykBSCslW6TaMf1PHgBZicQ3bth1UBdJ0jB5nhHIOQtZ6wF4CUhhhCj8fR4feS8gso1pW0AL3nHHCL2MNxSQWA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文/ 李同德，清华同衡规划院</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; line-height: 2; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">地球的空间和资源是有限的，显然它的承载力也是有限的，因此<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">人类的活动必须保持在地球承载力的极限之内</span>，即维持人类持续生存发展的极限人口数量。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">就某一区域而言，单位面积土地上所能容纳的人口数量（亦称环境承载力）是有限的，它受区域自然环境和资源约束，超过了一定的限度生态环境就将破坏，人们生存就受到威胁，这就是所谓环境承载力。由于特定的自然条件和人为污染双重压力，北京湾及其附近华北平原已成为我国雾霾最严重的区域，证明该地区环境承载力超过了极限，人们的生存受到极大的威胁。人们经常听到空气质量这样预报：受不利气象条件影响，大气污染物积累雾霾还会持续。2016年10月2日还这样预报：“本次（雾霾的）重污染过程影响面积相对较小，重点区域主要分布在太行以东，燕山山脉以南，从石家庄、保定到北京一线的狭长地带”<span style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box;">（据2016年10月2日新京报报导）</span>。足以说明：<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">北京湾及其以南华北平原的地形气象条件是环境承载力较小的主要因素</span>。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box;">影响环境承载力的因素除大气环境外，还有空间地质、地理条件，气候、水资源及其它环境资源因素，还有人类不自觉的对自然环境的破坏活动等。</span><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">不同自然条件的承载力是不一样的</span>，简单说明如下：</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; font-size: 11px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 3em; height: 3em; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(23, 23, 20); padding: 3px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(23, 23, 20); text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 100%; margin-left: -0.5em; background-color: rgb(23, 23, 20); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 3px; height: 3px; border-radius: 100%; margin-top: -0.22em; margin-left: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(23, 23, 20); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 16px; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; border-left: 2px dashed rgb(160, 160, 160); border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; padding-left: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">滨海地区，通常大气扩散条件较好，水环境面积大，环境承载能力要比内陆大。</span>如长三角人口允许规模应该比北京湾华北平原大，<span style="font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">前者的</span>传统产业规模也要比后者大。目前北京湾华北平原的人口和产业都超出了环境所能承受的范围，出现了水源要靠外引（南水北调）、能源依赖外调，但空气不能调不能引，人们只能被迫生活在常受雾霾笼罩的环境中。加上城市的不断地摊大饼，交通堵塞成常态，大城市病治理难度很大、成本极高。相反滨海沿江的长三角、珠三角的这些问题不特出。<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">我国不同地区的人口和产业的环境承载力差异已经突显出来</span>，但现在还没有被人们重视。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: 10px 0% 20px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/raykBSCslW6TaMf1PHgBZicQ3bth1UBdJb6LibLzaQGroyx0ovxnPqmVg5WOcOSFU9XSZjTqonvtZKEGTYU6NzWQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; font-size: 11px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 3em; height: 3em; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(23, 23, 20); padding: 3px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(23, 23, 20); text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 100%; margin-left: -0.5em; background-color: rgb(23, 23, 20); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 3px; height: 3px; border-radius: 100%; margin-top: -0.22em; margin-left: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(23, 23, 20); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 16px; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; border-left: 2px dashed rgb(160, 160, 160); border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; padding-left: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">四川省处于中国地形的过渡地带，区内地形差异很大，西部阿坝州甘孜州是川西高原（青藏高原的一部分），地形气候条件复杂恶劣，人类生存条件较差，人口稀少；川东的四川盆地地势平坦气候宜人，是我国西部人口最密地区。人口的这种自然分布规律也显示：<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">自然环境对人口规模的控制具有决定性的影响</span>。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: 10px 0% 20px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/raykBSCslW6TaMf1PHgBZicQ3bth1UBdJQqE27KaQDAAYhzWC4LOlCzWx5BptY3PoRXuEib8HmNb41ePib2WqHpaA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; font-size: 11px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 3em; height: 3em; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(23, 23, 20); padding: 3px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(23, 23, 20); text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 100%; margin-left: -0.5em; background-color: rgb(23, 23, 20); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 3px; height: 3px; border-radius: 100%; margin-top: -0.22em; margin-left: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(23, 23, 20); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 16px; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; border-left: 2px dashed rgb(160, 160, 160); border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; padding-left: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">我国幅员辽阔，除上述两种典型情况外，各种<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">不同自然条件下的人口环境承载力差异较大</span>：</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 20px 0%; transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(1, 1, 1); line-height: 1.8; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 129, 36); box-sizing: border-box;">?</span><span style="color: rgb(142, 201, 101); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="line-height: 2; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">温带湿润地区</span><span style="line-height: 2; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(70, 127, 156); box-sizing: border-box;">环境承载力要比寒冷干旱地带大，允许的人口规模前者当然要比后者多；</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 129, 36); box-sizing: border-box;">?</span><span style="color: rgb(142, 201, 101); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="line-height: 2; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">水源丰富的南方地区</span><span style="line-height: 2; color: rgb(70, 127, 156); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box;">当然要比干旱的北方地区允许承载的人口规模多；</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 2; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 129, 36); box-sizing: border-box;">? </span><span style="line-height: 2; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">宽广湿润的平原</span><span style="line-height: 2; color: rgb(70, 127, 156); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box;">当然与地形复杂的山区允许的人口规模不同，显然平原要比山区多。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">由此得出结论是，由于我国的幅员辽阔、自然环境复杂，<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">在制定城市规划的人口控制规模（或人均用地指标）时，不能用一个标准</span>，已经延续几十年的统一的人均用地指标应该调整为按不同自然环境条件制定的不同指标。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; font-size: 11px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding-right: 0.2em; padding-top: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 3em; height: 3em; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(23, 23, 20); padding: 3px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(23, 23, 20); text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 20px; line-height: 1.4; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">4</p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 100%; margin-left: -0.5em; background-color: rgb(23, 23, 20); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 3px; height: 3px; border-radius: 100%; margin-top: -0.22em; margin-left: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(23, 23, 20); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 16px; border-width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; border-left: 2px dashed rgb(160, 160, 160); border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; padding-left: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">城市的人口密度同样因自然环境的不同而有很大的差异</span>，如新加坡、香港等是热带小岛，周边是海洋，通风条件较好，人口密度虽然较大，但人类活动产生对大气污染质很容易扩散；同时住宅也不存在冬天对阳光的过高要求，因此产生了不少高层建筑相对集中的住宅区，建筑密度相对较大，虽然人口密度较大，但对人们生活产生的影响远远小于北京和华北地区内陆城市。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/raykBSCslW6TaMf1PHgBZicQ3bth1UBdJYPSJfPEuJxBDicLDTXaUialgPYE3RV8UHuOsTAgBicZAoAoXoAZBAAMWQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">新加坡<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">我国内地首先规划建设的高层商品住宅小区是北京城东南的方庄，这是上世纪八十年代规划设计、九十年代建设起来的当时国内规模最大的高层住宅区。据说也是学习新加坡、香港的经验，适应房地产开发的要求，按高密度规划建设起来的，并作为经验蚕蚀了原有的绿地，在北京城周边推广开来，形成了高层住宅围城现实，这就带来两大问题：</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 20px 0%; transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(1, 1, 1); line-height: 1.8; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 129, 36); box-sizing: border-box;">?</span><span style="color: rgb(142, 201, 101); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="line-height: 2; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">局部阻碍了气流进城</span><span style="line-height: 2; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(70, 127, 156); box-sizing: border-box;">，加重城区的雾霾，以至于有人提出要打通进城的风道主张；</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px; color: rgb(255, 129, 36); box-sizing: border-box;">?</span><span style="color: rgb(142, 201, 101); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="line-height: 2; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">形成了潮汐式交通</span><span style="line-height: 2; color: rgb(70, 127, 156); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box;">，加重了交通拥堵。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">这是规划不考虑北京自然地理环境，大自然给人类报复的又一典型实例。</span>短短十几年，北京大规模的高层建筑模式不考虑各地实际自然环境状况，又迅速复制到全国大中城市，也将雾霾加重的灾害带到不少内陆类似城市。笔者从上海高校毕业到北京参加城市规划建设工作已经五十多年，在上世纪八十、九十年代北京规划人口控制在800万左右，没有出现这些突出问题，生活在这样的首都真是舒适得很。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; line-height: 2; padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">以上略举了几种不同的自然环境，特别是影响大气的地形地理环境对环境承载力的影响，还有其它自然条件对承载力的影响有待进一步的研究。</p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">笔者呼吁，城市规划工作者要与地学工作者一道，共同探索，<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">不同自然条地件区域的环境承载力，即不同城市的人均用地指标问题，经过共同调查研究，提出不同自然区域条件的相应的城市人均用地标准</span>。同时呼吁规划和地学工作者协作， 共同探索解决城乡规划中遇到的地学难题。</p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 30px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0px; border-color: rgb(24, 54, 118); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); margin-top: -30px; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 24px; color: rgb(7, 99, 151); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">  名词解释  </strong></em></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(7, 99, 151); line-height: 1.8; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;">地学，与地球科学相关的科学，包括：地质学、地理学、生物学、气象学、生态学，还有派生出的海洋科学、环境科学、资源（土地、水源、能源、矿物等）科学及其人类活动可能对自然产生的影响等等。这些学科之间相互关联，构成完整了地球科学即地学。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 7em; height: 7em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; border-width: 5px; border-style: solid; box-shadow: rgb(204, 204, 204) 0.707107px 0.707107px 2px; border-color: white; background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/raykBSCslW6TaMf1PHgBZicQ3bth1UBdJDsU2NG8ouEwoyouMiapO1wI4WfT1ibx9tTztPubIx30jicXnCmmBEEHAA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg");"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/raykBSCslW6TaMf1PHgBZicQ3bth1UBdJDsU2NG8ouEwoyouMiapO1wI4WfT1ibx9tTztPubIx30jicXnCmmBEEHAA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></section></section><section class="" style="border-color: rgb(7, 99, 151); padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-style: dotted; border-width: 2px; border-radius: 0.3em; margin-top: -3em; box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding-top: 3.5em; padding-bottom: 15px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); line-height: 2; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">李同德：高级工程师，清华同衡规划院旅游地学与地质公园规划研究所顾问。主要著作有《地质公园规划概论》《地质公园规划探索与研究》《旅游地学大辞典》（部分条目）等。近年来主持完成及合作完成了包括二十多项国家和世界地质公园规划。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(7, 99, 151); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">专栏往期回顾：</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4OTMyNzIzOA==&mid=2650763068&idx=3&sn=1b5b5f8f7436053499029c89cefb8f4f&chksm=88175cd5bf60d5c3500df6b9061cd39ffdefff07c0ce5ba4936b99eab3feda9555cd23493c01&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: underline; box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.  规划师要学点地学基础知识</em></span></a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4OTMyNzIzOA==&mid=2650763105&idx=2&sn=50b56ea4db68ca75e3389c75bca33c29&chksm=88175c88bf60d59e670d1407b462f56f140bf59ce20bab590fb35a56ec41ff01fcab1f71080c&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: underline; box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.  北京湾中的北京城——简述北京地区的地学环境</em></span></a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4OTMyNzIzOA==&mid=2650763086&idx=3&sn=7fd3a5e31d0c2407e5c8cc4606f42fd7&chksm=88175ca7bf60d5b10d469d351c181165d2b9e7e36cec97d60b9d4e80f8dd52f6497a7e0a0cb6&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank"><span style="text-decoration: underline; box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.  学习古代天人合一的择居地学思想</em></span></a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文中图片为编辑自加，均来源于网络</strong></p></section></section></section></section><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/raykBSCslW7Dt0fYItv8icOTdUlcM3H2LRrw61PaJ5yqKkAsl6dGbXfWv5jmf5nlJLa49x0ic6YdQyjSTn7JV94A/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p>
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