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<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><article class="yead_editor" data-author="Wxeditor" style="white-space: normal;"><blockquote style="margin: 0.2em; padding-top: 10px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px; border-top: 3px solid rgb(201, 201, 201); border-right: 3px solid rgb(201, 201, 201); border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(201, 201, 201); border-left-color: rgb(201, 201, 201); max-width: 100%; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); line-height: 25.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: 微软雅黑; box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 10px; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; word-wrap: normal; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">　　<strong><span style="max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; font-size: 14px; word-wrap: break-word !important; box-sizing: border-box !important;">本文为中国城市规划设计研究院学术信息中心副主任徐辉在“2016年度CAUPD业务交流会”上做的报告，感谢作者悉心审阅并授权发布。感谢会议主办单位总工室等部门提供的资源支持！</span></strong></span></p></blockquote></article><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span><br  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: block; padding: 0.3em 0.5em; border-top-left-radius: 0.8em; border-top-right-radius: 0.8em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: block; padding: 0.3em 0.5em; border-top-left-radius: 0.8em; border-top-right-radius: 0.8em; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><strong>前言</strong></span></p></span> </section><section class="" style="border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); border-radius: 0px 0px 0.8em 0.8em; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">大数据并非是一个陌生的话题，其一直备受业界关注和热议。而与之相反，规划云平台则是一个相对较新的事物。将大数据和规划云平台结合在一起，对于中国城市规划研究院来说，还是一种较新兴的“技术”，也有很重要的研究价值。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: block; opacity: 0.2; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"></span> <span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: block; opacity: 0.6; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"></span> <span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: block; opacity: 1; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"></span></span></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 19.2px; padding-left: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(164, 34, 7);"><strong>一、数据、算法为洞悉城市空间提供好方法</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span></span></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2; padding-left: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong>（一）何为大数据</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><br  /></strong></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1、大数据的定义主要集中为三点，即海量性、时间连续性、内在关联性。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">（1）海量性</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">传统认为，通过网络、手机以及一些交通设施得到的海量数据即是大数据的本质特征。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">（2）时间连续性</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1p3Gs5gfr34P53tf0hiauUGibvJMFQpBibGrq8n5uYeuSvcqFWrnysGA2ag/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">中国气候变化与王朝更替的关系</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">上图为竺可桢的中国历史气候变化图，其实质是一个时间连续性的、多维度的数据整合，其呈现方式也体现了大数据的思想。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">（3）内在关联性</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></strong></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1pPRCXib4ns4kI0QKYibtX5vibc5p7VOjMJRGF9txT0zAg2AG6LickKRIbZA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">台风历史路线轨迹与新台风路线预测模拟</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">上图为台风的历史轨迹所形成的时空分布图，在此基础上，我们可以内在关联很多其它因素，可以依此来预测台风的轨迹。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">2、大数据的特点</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">大数据的核心特点主要集中表现为“爆发式增长”。在过去的五年间，大数据的海量增长扩大了将近十倍，多为移动互联网，工业物联网起步。从长远来看，预计2020年以后，激光雷达等大数据的采集应用将呈现爆发式增长，2020-2030年大数据的增长将是2020年数据量的200-500倍。</span><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">3、对大数据的认知</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">大数据的产生时间已久，其来源主要有宇宙观测、科学实验室、气象预报、互联网、物联网以及文本数据。它在本质上离不开客观的物理世界，需要始终围绕着“物理规律（模型）”和“数学统计模型（解释）”两大准则展开。</span><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1pcwV7u3H9TW0HpVicPreKU9icibEuB4oJO8ldz6bnQmzrCeFJgQIU6kCGA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p><br  /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">上图为实验室神经细胞放电的原始数据，第一眼看上去，它给人一种杂乱无章的感觉，毫无规律可言。但通过时间求导的函数去推导计算，可以得出一个简单的模型原理，即是一个随着时间形成S曲线的过程。其原理就如同当今的城镇化过程，大批量人进城的行为和原因多种多样，无规律，也是不可预测的，但城镇化的规律曲线却是一条S曲线，它们的内在机理是完全一致的。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">4、大数据获取方法</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">信息时代，人们获取信息的途径更加多元化。开放性数据信息、行业数据都是业内可以轻松获取的。此外，通过智能手机APP都可以轻易获取人们吃、住、行、娱、购等数据信息，将人的属性、经济的属性关联在城市空间属性上，我们将得到一种多维的时空属性价值。</span><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span></span></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2; padding-left: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong>（二）大数据的价值何在</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><br  /></strong></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">大数据的价值主要体现为三点，时空信息价值、趋势预测价值和行业影响价值。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">1、时空信息</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">时空信息即包含精确的位置及附属信息，线性流动（轨迹）信息和多维度信息。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">2、趋势预测</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">趋势预测即大规模样本能够更好地用统计学概率来解释，并且找到变化规律。比如谷歌利用舆情进行关于流感的预测（即 flu trends ）。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1piaggicPmMtjRUhT9we7Jds9ibG8SBOBwQuRqgcAg7W6EYACzbiay67jbVw/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">3、行业影响</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">大数据被各个领域广泛应用，这些领域主要有金融业、企业管理、批发零售（电子商务）、房地产领域、政府管理等领域。城市本身就是大数据的重要载体（既是产生数据的源泉，又是数据积累的载体），因此挖掘时空数据本身就是认知城市的过程。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1pQOI1kDH0icwxKFFoC9D6iajCwficzboIsnELrWhialpibLnrF6vP7sjuZew/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p><br  /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span></span></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2; padding-left: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong>（三）获得大数据空间价值的方法：算法挖掘</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><br  /></strong></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1pSpicIxKa6IcSaNzf6Uib9oquheeQClCJeHTK2DY7TbKK1wC3iaBSRbNFg/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">除了上图所显示的传统数据挖掘方法，还有一种的新的大数据挖掘方法，即人工智能算法。其运作方式主要呈现计算——连接、评估——迭代纠错——决策调整——再计算，它主要运用在图形识别、语音分析、文本抽象和预测预警等方面。目前，人工智能算法主要应用在监督分类（深度学习人工智能最重要的方面）和非监督分类（聚集不同的主成分分类）上。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span></span></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2; padding-left: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong>（四）大数据在城乡规划领域的应用</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><br  /></strong></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">1、大数据与城市空间的两个角度</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">大数据与城市空间的关系应该从两个角度去解读，即从数据挖掘洞悉建成环境问题、从数据特征去预测人群的时空变化。</span><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1pn2QCfGg1ON7qicDOfoXP4Sxs5xIaiblcdleFu2MUdwSZFFqBib8M18thQ/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">2、大数据在城乡规划领域的应用价值</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">大数据在城乡规划领域的应用主要有三个价值，即多层次的时空信息、关联性关系、全样本聚类。</span><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">（1）多层次的时空信息</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">A 区域尺度</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">区域尺度主要包括通过对体系的认识、流动性的认识、分异的认识和对模式的认识来识别大数据所能产生的表征和问题。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1peqlTj3HxoWmX20OibWiaFhQpibqkpoHMica4eZr3fqBo9mz2CK0x4zhu5w/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p><br  /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">左图为腾讯大数据提取出的人口流动具体态势，右图是通过人口普查而得到的差异化分析数据。依两图可明显得知，大数据可以在空间尺度上做一个精细化的分异，从而更好地弥补传统统计数据中不准确的缺憾。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">B 城市尺度</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">城市尺度主要从城市中心特征、通勤格局、分区要素和机制方面提出了大数据所展现的途径。目前较为普遍的是通过手机数据、地铁数据等来模拟居民通勤结构、城市的空间中心体系和城市的功能分区，这些都与传统规划对城市尺度的认识有着密切的关系。此外，它也可以关联其它数据，将我们的环境数据与大数据融合为一体，从而更加动态地检测到由人的活动所带来的多元的变化和影响。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1pWcORK5xaFH299gVBibeLIkyYOBmZsPIOuw351lpdACVgkjGWnbicH7yw/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">C 街区、社区尺度</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">街区、社区尺度主要通过活力、特色、宜居和文化导向重新构建城市更精细化的时空模型。比如，通过豆瓣网的数据统计识别了一个城市的文化空间，通过住房的分布看出了城市扩张的模型，通过步行街的宜居尺度可以了解一个城市本来形成的积累。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"> </span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">（2）关联关系（相关性、组群性、拓扑结构）</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">一个城市在地理空间上不可能单独存在，因为有人和信息的交互流动，因此我们的城市之间永远是相互关联的。比如，北京和周边的城市有关联性，整个中国的城市连接成了一片网。而大数据识别出来的是一种关联关系，它是城市朋友圈概念的集合。</span><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1pRic4wn4NA2dnnJ1DdmBa53mbk7XPgicaOoicLaibFTLqB0xC6zDw5gsPvg/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">依此，我们不能单独去理解一个仅有功能类型的空间，而应去理解这些功能之间的内在关联关系。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1pqkV6apHgdOoNfVyurIC97pcv630uUUXXs6Gfu02Kwzdwicu23e3iaMPw/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">关联规则揭示了空间需求、供给的多样性。其中有一个重要的理论，即购物<span style="font-size: 14px;  background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">篮</span>理论。通过美国人工智能挖掘出来的一种现象，归纳形成了“购物篮理论”。该理论表明美国人有一个习惯，即每到周末到会去买啤酒。而通过人工智能的数据挖掘可分析出，啤酒销量在增加的同时，尿不湿的销量也在增加。这些统计数据间接表明了，啤酒和尿不湿销量在周末的增加与周末多球赛有着密切的关联。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">一种十分普遍的现象，一个极为简单的认知，通过大数据将事物之间的关联关系深层次地挖掘出来。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">在城市布局上，沃尔玛超市有综合性的功能，而其周边的功能布局就会围绕着它的功能及人的需求形成一种聚集态势。简单地说，我们传统上经济、地理所存在的聚集效益、产业集群关系即是基本的经济活动关系。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">（3）全样本聚类</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">全样本聚类即将分散的时空信息通过时间轴与空间位置进行重新归类，形成差异化的空间单元。</span><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1pae7Z7cIicWSPWXOMDXib44OibqqX8NnkSkmguLNXemAz1t1iaG0cU1Ufaw/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">3、大数据融入城市规划研究的范式</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">将大数据技术成功地应用在城市规划领域的范式主要存在两种：一是计算理性，即通过数据挖掘就能认识时空本身的规律；二是规划的理性，传统规划师更偏向于坚持规划的理性，他们认为城市空间的结构需要一种规划的理性。而两种范式并不矛盾，其关系可以用以下结构表示。</span><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1p01o4ykiazsjA0WfG3ccOM1VsxhQFLRzO9VtpCvgrODic3z9a1PScfXFQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; text-align: center;">大数据和城市规划的高度融合，即将计算模型和规划模型结合在一起，这将为规划界带来极大的技术支撑。而规划界一直憧憬着创造城市的诗情画意，这个诗情画意不仅需要规划师来完成，更需要计算机大数据领域的大师一起完成。  </span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">  </span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1pFb6AiaTI3avaFhOAYvTnUjAdJe5x8LRVic0iculXaOV6iaibSSicZlnturzQ/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">（1）空间经济模型</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">空间经济模型即是各类要素的时空位置信息反映的产业经济活动规律，其中包括历史和断面数据。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1pFtd3xcBTpTmXiaYaMM94ib8c1iaZjdIxIQX5PibADFnDl2cUUb7oEhzanw/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">（2）行为地理理论</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">行为地理理论即为人群活动对于城市经济、社会和景观空间影响呈现规律性，在区域、城市、功能区和社区尺度表现出的不同差异性。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1p2EAwqZ0gf56rvuVgxp2u0EKpY6BhicWQYiazc0HM1yvia6P1gomFTuUQQ/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">（3）双曲网络模型</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">双曲网络模型即由于大量社群活动形成的社交空间，且由于人们获得的外界信息是有限的，因此城市空间联系往往不是线性的，而是具有节点+层次的关系投影到了城市平面，比如道路网上。通过大数据+人工智能的认识可以发现双曲网络关系。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">这些理论模型给人带来了一些思考，人工智能可以“琴棋书画”、看病和预测中期天气预报，那我们提出的规划方案能否解决规划问题。我们的规划决策需要计算机大师和规划大师，两者的结合可表明，大数据是发现普世价值的规则的基础，只有通过规划的准则构建更为精准的模型，以此来展现合理的规划图景。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1pHQue9Auiccd4sdGqibgdNBV9xfV2ciaU1uUAicBLyKrYKfkJ93A7iaTeWgw/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p><br  /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span></span></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2; padding-left: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong>（五）时空大数据的不足</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><br  /></strong></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">1、数据源的不稳定性，即信息发生源的多变，如手机不断地由2G转换为3G，甚至是4G、5G，这些都带来信息样本的变动。信息采集口径的多变、地域的差异性，如智能终端不断增加。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">2、缺少中长周期数据，数据的冗余带来的准确性还需要检验，而时间断面的积累还比较欠缺。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">3、数据算法有待实证。目前，各类人工智能算法的结论有待于验证。我们需要在数据与结果标准化、准确校验之后，才能被应用在我们城市的规划领域方面。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span></span></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2; padding-left: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong>（六）大数据时代的智慧城市规划</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1pkVbS73ZqickHas2lEmJKqAibz8E8ia0JD0d6k19zsOFcFRBb4bpnuPBmw/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">大数据时代智慧城市的规划思想即通过一种大数据协作机制，将信息的采集、人工智能、云平台、公共表达与参与权、政府协作机制串联在一起。同时将不同地、面向于用户应用的方向嫁接在大数据协作机制，形成了智慧城市的规划方向。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">智慧城市规划理论与现代城市规划理论的差别主要体现在从传统分层、静态的物质规划走向了一种拓扑、动态的时空规划。而智慧城市规划即为数字基础设施与多规协同管理平台结合形成的规划原理。其重点不在于构建城市空间，而是优化组织城市空间。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">智慧城市规划编制手段也从传统的面向蓝图的要素汇总转而成为了面向不同应用服务的平台建设，即传统上所说的多维要素的融合，它仅仅是智慧城市的一个平面。我们需要更多与人和应用服务相协同的层次来纵向贯穿，这是未来规划的领域和方向。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: block; opacity: 0.2; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"></span> <span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: block; opacity: 0.6; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 2px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"></span> <span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: block; opacity: 1; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"></span></span></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 19.2px; padding-left: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; color: rgb(164, 34, 7);"><strong>二、中规院规划云平台建设框架</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">目前，中国城市规划设计研究院的规划云平台主要有三个，即初步建立起国家层面空间规划的监测平台；面向中规院业务所开拓技术创新服务平台；建构服务于地方规划管理的评估公开平台。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">规划协同与共享平台即是将多元的数据整合在一起，通过中规院的规范准则，严格坚持“公开化”、“标准化”和“定制化”，从而形成了新的规划技术应用。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span></span></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2; padding-left: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong>（一）建立一套面向各规划业务领域的数据集成与平台工具，即将各种数据的加工、应用和我们的业务领域建立一种更为紧密的关系。</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><br  /></strong></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1pcTKklJDLAC5n6p92W81EHpic27icG486aWhGxuB8jKJRT2WicDOQ0ZsIA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p><br  /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span></span></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2; padding-left: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong>（二）提供一套数据共享与自动采集工具，即通过线上调研形成一套自动采集信息的平台，以此更为便捷地获取我们需要的资源。</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><br  /></strong></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1p5ZIEJkt1KBUrOG0ILuOobiafYaHQAjYp0Mo902DNkzTHERpab0yganQ/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span></span></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2; padding-left: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong>（三）建立中规院服务于“国家特色智库”建设的规划知识仓库。我们可以随时调用这样的仓库，以此服务于我们规划的决策。</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></p><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="white-space: normal; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 0.6em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: block; opacity: 0.2; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"></span><span style="margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 2px; width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: block; opacity: 0.6; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"></span><span style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; display: block; opacity: 1; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"></span></span></section><section class="" style="padding-left: 5px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 19.2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="color: rgb(164, 34, 7); font-size: 16px;">三、规划云平台的重点应用方向，即提供综合性评估与自动化解决方案</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span></span></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2; padding-left: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong>（一）宏观区域尺度：面向空间规划体系的重建</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><br  /></strong></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">通过建立时空数据网络，探索空间功能的本质，从而搭建与宏观经济相关联的监控平台。对于宏观层面上的经济、人、交通和物流，甚至科技创新要素，它是一种综合性地监控平台体系。我们可以通过系统开发挖掘全国层面上的动态跟踪城市功能变化、城市关联关系的一种自动化的工具。比如下图，我们以八个城市为样本，每个月定期跟踪城市功能的变化。它可以实现城市功能规模的量级和差异性的统筹。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1p9gYGjcwQQqsgCBAZKo7HJkjQkSHP9YvLRWIIbbFSYPSO1dq8h6tJnA/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">通过数据采集，可以清晰地看出数据呈现出了一定的变化规律。而这些自动化的识别，我们也能明晰城市之间的关联关系。上图城市关联网络所形成的菱形是随时变化的。通过定期跟踪全国不同时空的流动信息，可以明晰全国城镇网络的新格局。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">近年来，中规院整合了各个行业的数据，实现了“城市病”、城乡问题的诊断与动态评估。通过将人口、经济、土地和环境的时空数据整合，推进了多规协同的空间规划信息平台（跨部门在线规划会商机制），提高了决策的准确度与协同性。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">此外，通过数据整合，中规院还建立起了全国层面上的空间开发绩效评估体系，为更加客观地评价城市总规、新城新区建立了一个现实的平台，即将人口、经济、设施、土地投放，通过模型算法建构出全放位的评估体系。这也将有利于引导城市功能的拓张和资源环境的相对关系评估。依此，形成了一个产品，即实现了动态维护一张图跟踪服务模式，将现状、规划决策和若干个评估融合在一起形成一整套自动化的解决方案。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1pXxYUj4k6MpYcvUGqcS3Oeib0Wd8M0e9wtLYic0xOrJ18VVajWdP6lTzw/0?wx_fmt=png" style="max-width:100%;" /></p></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span></span></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2; padding-left: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong>（二）面向于城市尺度：存量更新时代的规划</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong><br  /></strong></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">1、空间结构模型</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">多维度重构城市空间结构模型，通过不同产业、公共设施、商业、创新要素等分类模式，识别了城市功能单元的格局。通过此格局，我们更为深刻地认识到基于城市交通小区尺度、功能关系进一步认识城市内在运营机理。</span><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">2、土地价值评估模型</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">在尺度上，我们也建立了更加精细化的土地价值评估模型，即将人、地、房业等要素，通过价值的评估体系建立起来。比如，将一些理论模型和实际的经济模型，产出叠加之后即可明晰城市的哪些地方绩效高，哪些地方具有价值潜力。</span><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">3、空间拓展模型</span></strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">将传统城市用地的拓张和交通、生态、文化要素通过多维复合模型即能建立起一种更为精细化的空间拓展模型体系。此外，以大数据作为基础，通过用地综合评估和城市雷达三维模型的重构，以及三维评估模型，从而建立起一整套从二维到三维的城市分析框架。这样也有利于引导城市的控规、控高和风貌特色，以及各类方案的调整工作。</span><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px; width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 0.5em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 0.5em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"> </span></span></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2; padding-left: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong>（三）社区尺度：面向智慧城市的基础细胞（全网设施服务的接入平台）</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">通过搭建一个智慧社区平台，我们将各种微观尺度上的功能模型（街区模式和土地功能）进行融合，这样也可以发现更多元的土地评估模式。此外，在街区尺度上，中规院目前正在建立街区尺度高清晰三维数字模型。通过倾斜摄影技术、雷达激光点云建模技术，实现了更加准确表达现状的清晰时空关系。目前，此类技术已使用于双修现场、名城保护、城市更新项目等相关工作中。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong>作者简介</strong></span></p><p><br  /></p><article class="yead_editor" data-author="Wxeditor" style="white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section style="border-width: 0px; border-style: none; border-color: initial;"><section shadowcolor="#999999" border-width="5" border-style="solid" border-color="rgb(255, 255, 255)" style="margin-right: 5px; margin-left: 5px; border-width: 5px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(230, 230, 220) 1px 1px 5px 1px; border-radius: 2%; color: rgb(121, 121, 121); background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);"><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1paibo1hGX1TxjX5diaBfSBBvmylXCXSH6pVLiaKgr0seY0b5RN33pRvwkg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p> <strong><span style="font-size: 18px;">徐辉  </span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">中国城市规划设计研究院学术信息中心副主任 教授级高级城市规划师</span></p><section style="padding: 10px; border-width: 5px 0px 0px; border-style: solid none none; border-left-color: rgb(219, 219, 219); border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-left-radius: 2%; border-bottom-right-radius: 2%;"><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">从事城镇化研究、城市发展战略、宜居城市、城市创新空间、智慧城市等研究工作，先后承担了国家“十一五”、“十二五”重大科技支撑项目，中央深改办、中财办和相关部位委托的重大科研项目；承担了住建部规划司、村镇司、城建司等委托的信息化平台建设工作。</span></p></section></section></section></article><p><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">报告整理：史英静</span></p><p><img src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/qAEVTTssxDf4z5icoz99PWc2HNeL1zI1piavICxXTcqaj90YfvEVKSOOt2lXMkbpnpDWVFOWeNG8xGSfiaItpl65Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="max-width:100%;" /></p><p style="min-height: 1.5em; 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