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<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 4em; height: 4em; border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url(http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miagsiaib5EADicOqhw1ialh0iaxzmEUcvBJwkPRTHC3ZvTusEDc6YH0X7EVktBaD78pZZB147mFDDWmfDQ/0?wx_fmt=png); background-size: cover; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0miagsiaib5EADicOqhw1ialh0iaxzmEUcvBJwkPRTHC3ZvTusEDc6YH0X7EVktBaD78pZZB147mFDDWmfDQ/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.9409090909090909" data-w="220"  /></section></section><section style="width: 100%; margin-left: 1.2em; margin-top: -1.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; height: 2em; margin-left: 1em; border-bottom-left-radius: 1em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); max-width: 85% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-left: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5; padding-right: 0.5em; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">11期主题：</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.5; box-sizing: border-box;">移民城市的规划应对</strong></p></section></section><section style="float: left; width: 5%; margin-left: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px; height: 6px; margin-top: 1.82em; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(227, 102, 43);"></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 5em; transform: rotate(-25deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(-25deg); -moz-transform: rotate(-25deg); -o-transform: rotate(-25deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(227, 43, 107); width: 5em; margin: 2.45em 0px -0.5em 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: block; float: left; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 43, 107); line-height: 1; margin-right: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(227, 43, 107);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">【主持人语】</p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: block; padding-top: 5px; min-height: 4.5em !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">推进实现“人的城镇化”已成为我国新型城镇化战略的核心任务。根据国务院办公厅近日发布的《推动1亿非户籍<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">人口在城市落户方案》，“十三五”期间我国城市的年均入户人口将达1300 万人以上。大量“非户籍人口在城市落户”，加上</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">巨量的农民工尤其是新生代农民工群体进城，意味着我国城市将全面步入“移民城市”时代，“移民化”成为我国城市全面转型</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的核心特征。然而，面对大规模的流动人口、农民工或新移民，已有城市规划无论在观念、意识、知识储备还是应对技术方面，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">均面临窘境。为此，《规划师》杂志2016年11期“规划师论坛”栏目以“移民城市的规划应对”为主题，针对中国“移民城市”的基本特征、空间融合、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">空间重构、社会融合及其规划应对进行系统介绍，倡导针对此类城市空间营造与建设的系统谋划，以期为读者们提供有益参考。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(227, 43, 107), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) rgba(174, 81, 81, 0);"><section class="" style="padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">【主持人简介】</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;">李志刚，武汉大学城市设计学院教授、博士生导师、院长；中国城市规划学会理事、城乡治理与政策研究学术委员会副秘书长、学术工作委员会委员；<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">美国Urban China Research Network国际委员。主持国家自然科学基金“优秀青年基金”、教育部新世纪人才项目；曾获中国城市规划学会“首届中国城市规划青年科技奖”和中国地理学会“青年地理科技奖”。</span></span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(227, 43, 107);" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/QwcuEibxwicQtkjLLDg7qnEHvjAudghj60EqiaibCK8V2awPcX6RjEXXulJJiazxHalbicEyzbYibIFZfdHCIQUPfc9fA/0?wx_fmt=png" class="" data-ratio="0.01950354609929078" data-w="564"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/ogicsHWc6tFgEFia0SgI7lwh5rTxG5j93KRTPPKLN3ic2UCMuYDjLzMCfdlmjx7qoEbxIjSQ8sFGCibc2nMwQPslvg/0?wx_fmt=gif" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 5px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 2px solid white; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【规划师论坛1】</strong></p><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">移民城市的基本特征与规划应对</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 102, 43); padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(56, 30, 5); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">中国大城市特别是沿海发达地区城市正在进入“移民城市”时代，其“城市病”方面的表现比普通城市更为明显，对“移<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">民城市”的规划应对成为学界、业界和政界亟待关注的现实问题。作者</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院讲师</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">顾江</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">，武汉大学城市设计学院教授、博士生导师</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">李志刚</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; text-indent: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在《规划师》2016年第11期撰文，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">文章基于对国内外典型“移民城市”的系统分析，解析其概</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">念内涵、发展演化规律与基本特征，并以此从规划角度提出应对措施、对策和建议。未来规划应重视空间的联系维度、社会维</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">度和心理维度，转变观念，通过空间资源的调配，积极推动“移民城市”全面转型，使其建成“空间匹配”之城、“空间正义”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">之城、“社会融合”之城和“地方依恋”之城。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/ogicsHWc6tFgEFia0SgI7lwh5rTxG5j93KRTPPKLN3ic2UCMuYDjLzMCfdlmjx7qoEbxIjSQ8sFGCibc2nMwQPslvg/0?wx_fmt=gif" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(227, 102, 43);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; font-size: 19.2px; padding: 5px 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">移民城市的特征</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-style: none solid solid; border-color: rgb(255, 129, 36); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 38px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 38px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; margin: 17px 0px -19px 1px; border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-left: 5px; width: 30px; height: 36px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom-width: 10px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); border-left-width: 16px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 16px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-bottom-width: 10px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -8px; border-left-width: 16px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 16px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 30px; line-height: 16px; height: 16px; margin: -2px 0px 0px 1px; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; border-right-width: 2px; border-right-style: solid; text-align: center; border-left-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); border-right-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section><section style="width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top-width: 10px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); border-left-width: 16px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 16px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -10px; margin-left: 3px; border-left-width: 13px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 13px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; padding-left: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 1; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">国外移民城市的特征</p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（1）日本</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">日本的移民城市主要位于东京都市<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">圈和京阪神都市圈。受移民政策影响，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">日本的移民城市多以本国移民为主，国</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">际移民所占比例相对较少且相对集中(如</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">横滨的中华街)。日本于1957年前后进</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">入经济高速发展阶段，从这一年起人口</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">迁移数量开始全面增长</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。其中，非都</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市地区向大都市的迁移活动变化最为明</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">显。主要移民城市东京和大阪在1950</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">～1965年的人口迁移增长一直占总人</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">口增长的50％以上，东京在这一时期内</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">每5年净迁入人口都超过130万，人口</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">向大都市迁移达到顶点</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。然而，1975</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">年后，回乡移民的出现和郊区化的推进，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">使日本的人口迁移模式发生了改变，大</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">都市郊区的“睡城”(如埼玉等)取代了</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">大都市行政区，成为人口迁入的主要区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">域。1990年后，随着经济进入泡沫时代，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">社会公共服务业的投资也开始由扩张发</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">展模式转向重点发展模式，核心区对居</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">民的吸引力迅速上升，被打造成为规模</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">极大的超级都市圈，人口开始向超级都</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市圈进行迁移(图3)。日本国民的迁居</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">行为很明显地改变了日本的城市物质空</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">间和社会空间，表现出日本超大都市“扩</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">散—集中”的转型特征。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">然而，随着人口的大量外迁，加上“少<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">子化”带来的人口活力降低，许多地方</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">性城市出现了城市收缩的现象，日益严</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">重的老龄化现象使得郊区一些公共交通</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">不便的居住区人口开始减少。在此情况</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">下，抑制郊区开发、建设紧凑城市的规</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">划政策在日本开始受到重视</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miagsiaib5EADicOqhw1ialh0iaxzXTzdqMVqPvUmw9syK8fFlaZbTsoE0bB75keTZia90xx6h4EA5jT7eXA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.7547683923705722" data-w="367"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 5px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（2）法国</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">从历史、文化和传统上看，法国<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">不仅是接纳跨国移民最早和最多的国家</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">之一，也属于对移民较为宽容的国家。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">截至2003年，拥有居留权的移民共有</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">400万左右，约占法国人口的6.6％，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">这些移民约有1/3居住在巴黎</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。数百</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">年来外来移民的不断涌入，使得巴黎成</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">为法国最主要的移民城市。然而，在“共</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">和同化原则”指导下巴黎的社会融合并</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">不成功，不同的族裔区隔离严重，形成</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">明显的社会分异。相对于纽约和伦敦，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">巴黎市中心区几乎成为移民的禁区，移</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">民，尤其是非洲和穆斯林移民被有效隔</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">离在高物价及高税收的巴黎中心区之外</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的郊区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">目前，在法国共生活着500万穆斯<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">林人口，占据移民人口的大多数，约占</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">法国总人口的1/10，其中近一半取得了</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">法国国籍</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。由于多种因素，穆斯林移</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">民在法国社会的融入程度很低，与主流</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">社会疏离严重，大多沦为社会底层，在</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">就业、福利、治安与文化等领域对法国</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">社会造成压力并引发了与当地社会的紧</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">张关系。因此，法国政府采取了对外加</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">强移民管控、对内放松同化政策和改造</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">移民聚居区等措施来应对移民问题。但</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">是该问题由来已久，且受到国内外多重</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">因素的影响，解决起来绝非易事。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">（3） 美国</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">美国是主要的移民国家之一，来自<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">世界范围内的大量移民在北美建立起这</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">个“自由之国”。但是，19世纪末至</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">20世纪初，美国度过了劳动力极度缺乏</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的时期，对移民的选择越来越严格，自</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">由移民政策逐渐变为选择和限制移民政</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">策，直到20世纪20年代，最终确立了“移</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">民限额制度”。排外主义者指责移民将</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">城市变成了“政治和社会动荡不安的根</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">源”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。在这样的背景下，非法移民的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">数量却一直难以控制， 2000 ～ 2004</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">年每年约有80万非法移民进入美国</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在反移民利益集团的压力下，近年来美</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">国也加大了对非法移民的打击力度，特</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">朗普(Trump)作为2016年美国大选候</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">选人，尖锐地要求民众认同“在美国和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">墨西哥之间建一堵墙”来应对非法移民</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">问题。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">纽约是著名的全球城市，也是美<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">国最大的移民城市之一，根据美国人口</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">调查局在2010年统计的纽约人口，有</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">44％为白人(其中，33.3％为非拉丁裔</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">白人)，有25.5％为黑人(其中，23％</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">为非拉丁裔黑人)，0.7％为美洲原住民，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">12.7％为亚裔。然而，尽管多种族、多</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">民族共同生活在一个城市之中，其生活</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">居住的区域之间却界限清晰、隔离明显，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">多族裔融合混居的情况比较少见(图4)，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">这种种族居住隔离是美国城市社会空间</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">结构的典型特征之一。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miagsiaib5EADicOqhw1ialh0iaxzZsjwHJHe3se7f12pibyPjGpQ3hDjZVS5ZYcIPVNKrYaacsDqTBgwsOA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.4282786885245902" data-w="488"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 38px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 38px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; margin: 17px 0px -19px 1px; border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-left: 5px; width: 30px; height: 36px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: -1px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom-width: 10px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); border-left-width: 16px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 16px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-bottom-width: 10px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -8px; border-left-width: 16px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 16px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 30px; line-height: 16px; height: 16px; margin: -2px 0px 0px 1px; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: solid; border-right-width: 2px; border-right-style: solid; text-align: center; border-left-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); border-right-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);" class=""><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2</p></section><section style="width: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top-width: 10px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); border-left-width: 16px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 16px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-top-width: 8px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: -10px; margin-left: 3px; border-left-width: 13px !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 13px !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; padding-left: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 1; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(227, 102, 43); box-sizing: border-box;" class=""><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">20世纪90年代以来中国的城市<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;">移民特征</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">自改革开放以来，我国的主要大城市<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">都呈现出移民城市的特点：以外来人口为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">主要原因的人口快速增长。特别是自20</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">世纪90年代开始市场经济改革以来，户</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">籍制度对人口的束缚被居民自身寻找“机</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">会”的动力所弱化，人口的流动更为频繁，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">主要的大城市进入移民城市阶段。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">20世纪90年代，我国移民城市的<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">人口迁移以长期打工、从事较低入职门槛</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">工作的进城务工人员为主。在这一时期，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">深圳等东南部经济特区城市和沿海发达</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">城市成为流动人口聚集地；同时伴随着浦</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">东开发，长三角地区崛起并成为又一个流</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">动人口聚集地；随着非均衡区域政策的深</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">入实施和区域中心城市的发展，北京等地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">区开始不断吸引流动人口</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。进城务工人</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">员主要以家乡为单位聚集并从事相似工</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">作，居住在临时的、有安全隐患并与主城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">区生活条件截然不同的城中村中，在这里</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">可以观察到明显的社会分异现象</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2000年后，随着移民自身教育素质<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">和技能水平的提升，“寻找稳定工作”成</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">为移民的主要追求。与20世纪90年代“在</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">外打工，家乡消费”的情况相比，在获得</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">稳定工作以后移民更加倾向于将家庭成</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">员带入城市生活，以家庭为单位的移民逐</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">渐增多</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。拥有更高学历及技术培训背</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">景的移民出现在北京、上海及广州等中国</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">巨型城市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">，低收入大学毕业生社会群</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">体(蚁族)聚居现象出现在城市产业基地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">周边，如北京的唐家岭地区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。一方面，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">尽管在生活条件上和本地市民有一定差</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">距，移民试图在“生存”的基础上融入</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">当地社会，从这个角度来说，当地对其</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">融入的接受程度直接影响了移民的生活</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">满意度；另一方面，跨国移民现象自20</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">世纪90年代以来也在北京望京</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">、广</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">州小北路</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">等地出现，并形成族裔经济</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">区。族裔区兼具主动集聚与被动隔离机</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">制，是一种以“全球地方化”为特征的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">空间现象</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/ogicsHWc6tFgEFia0SgI7lwh5rTxG5j93KRTPPKLN3ic2UCMuYDjLzMCfdlmjx7qoEbxIjSQ8sFGCibc2nMwQPslvg/0?wx_fmt=gif" data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 0px; white-space: nowrap; margin: 0px 1em; border-top-width: 1.5em; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1.5em; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); border-top-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); border-left-width: 1.5em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.5em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 0px; white-space: nowrap; margin: -2.75em 1.65em -2.3em; border-width: 1.3em; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255) transparent; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="height: 2.6em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 0px; white-space: nowrap; margin: 0px 2.1em; vertical-align: middle; border-top-width: 1.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1.1em; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); border-top-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); border-left-width: 1.1em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 1.1em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="margin-top: -0.8em; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 240); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">移民城市的规划应对</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="line-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; transform: rotate(0deg); width: 1em; height: 1em; padding: 0.2em; border: 0.14em solid rgb(227, 102, 43); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(227, 102, 43);"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; height: 0.14em; margin: 0px -1em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(227, 102, 43);"></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 1em; height: 1em; padding: 0.2em; border: 0.14em solid rgb(227, 102, 43); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(227, 102, 43);"></section></section></section><section class="" style="padding: 0px 0.5em; margin: -0.14em 0px -0.21em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border: 0.14em solid rgb(227, 102, 43); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">亚里士多德说过：“人们为了生活，<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">聚居于城市；人们为了生活得更好，居</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">留于城市。”上述分析表明，移民城市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的发展阶段通常代表着此类城市正逐步</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">进入演化的高峰期，其规划的目标应是</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">促进移民城市健康、可持续发展。同时，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">从移民角度入手的规划，也是“以人为本”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的规划。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">移民城市是城市扩张发展中的一个<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">阶段，人口会向着能够提供更好“机会”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的区域进行流动迁移，以提升生活质量。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">一个城市如能提供更加优厚的社会福利</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">待遇、更加公平的市场竞争机会、更加</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">丰富的就业岗位和更加人性化的社会公</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">共服务，必然吸引更多移民迁入。此外，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">移民的根源是来自于区域差异，这种差</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">异和不平等难以平衡，导致移民城市的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">出现成为一种必然现象。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">从规划的思想基础而言，对于移民<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">人口不断增长的移民城市，应常态化地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">将“移民”纳入规划考虑之中，在空间</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">布局上顾及移民的工作、生活和文化心</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">理需求；应重视空间的联系维度、社会</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">维度和心理维度，通过空间资源调配，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">推动实现面向移民的“空间匹配”。首先，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">移民城市的规划应同时服务于其本地居</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">民和移民群体的各方面需求，实现空间</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">供给与空间消费或空间需求的匹配。其</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">次，移民城市的规划应是具有“空间正</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">义”的规划，移民的出现使得规划必须</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">考虑其居民的“城市权利”，是“为人</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">民而不是为利益”而做的规划</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。再次，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">移民城市往往也是社会空间隔离最为剧</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">烈和明显的城市，打破隔离、创造融合，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">也就成为“移民城市”规划的基本目标</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">最后，为应对移民的流动性，移民城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的规划还需要在“地方营造”方面着力，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">创造具有“归属感”和“地方依恋”的</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">城市家园。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.55em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 2em; height: 2.16em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; border-top-left-radius: 0.4em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(227, 102, 43);"><section class="" style="line-height: 2.16em; width: 2em; height: 1em; padding-left: 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">1</p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 0px; border-left-width: 0.5em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); border-top-width: 1.08em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 1.08em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: block; float: left; padding: 0.2em 0.3em; margin: -2.11111em 0px 0.1em 1em; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 102, 43); border-radius: 0.4em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 5px 0px 1.5em; margin-left: 2px; float: left; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">“空间匹配”之城</p></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" padding: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">移民城市应为移民创造相匹配的空<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">间，满足其空间需求。例如，随着国际</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">移民潮的兴起，各类外国人聚居区正在</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">北京、上海与广州等地出现。因此，这</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">类地区的规划定位亟待关注，规划上可</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">以考虑凸显此类地区的社会空间特征，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">通过地方营造强化其国际化空间特色，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">如将其打造为旅游目的地，进而营造城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市总体的国际化氛围。在总体规划或相</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">关控规工作中，可以结合城市地块社会</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">空间的空间结构，对国际移民区进行整</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">体谋划。结合当前移民城市中国际移民</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的就业、居住特征，通过设施规划配置</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">方便的商业、酒店、会展、物流和交通</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设施，提供舒适、方便的营商氛围。在</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">细节上，注意英语等外语标识系统的规</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">划和设计。学校、医院等非常重要的基</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">本公共服务设施，需对其进行较为系统</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的布点规划，形成便捷高效的生活服务</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">圈。这些设施的布点规划对于城市普通</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">居民同样重要，但聚焦国际移民的设施</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">配置则需要考虑多元化、差异化的空间</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">需求，如宗教空间、咖啡馆和剧院等文</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">化交流空间。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">对国内移民而言，目前他们往往聚<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">居在城乡结合部或“城中村”地区。首先，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">就“城中村改造”而言，大规模拆建并</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">不利于移民群体（如进城务工人员）的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">工作和生活，往往造成更高的生活、通</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">勤成本。因此，对于此类“落脚社区”，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在规划上应尽量予以保留或采取小微渐</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">进式的空间修补和修复，使其成为移民</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">群体天然的“经济适用房”。同时，重</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">视“非正规”设施所具有的积极正面意义，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">将其合理纳入规划预测，并保持规划弹</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">性，尊重“非正规”空间所具有的经济、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">社会价值和文化内涵</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。其次，就移民</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">聚居的工厂、企业或开发区而言，从近</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">年发生的“富士康”自杀事件看出，此</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">类聚居区普遍缺乏社会空间交往和交流</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">功能，缺少生活空间的丰富性、多样性</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">和包容性。为此，应通过规划设计手段</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">增加和完善此类地区的设施配置、绿化</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">与公园，增加移民群体的社交和各类文</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">化活动，配备商业、教育、医疗和公共</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">活动设施，推动“厂区”向“城区”转型。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.55em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 2em; height: 2.16em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; border-top-left-radius: 0.4em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(227, 102, 43);"><section class="" style="line-height: 2.16em; width: 2em; height: 1em; padding-left: 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">2</p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 0px; border-left-width: 0.5em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); border-top-width: 1.08em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 1.08em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: block; float: left; padding: 0.2em 0.3em; margin: -2.11111em 0px 0.1em 1em; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 102, 43); border-radius: 0.4em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 5px 0px 1.5em; margin-left: 2px; float: left; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">“空间正义”之城</p></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" padding: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">“美好生活”是空间正义的核心内<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">容和终极目的。也就是说，人们来到城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市是为了追求一种符合正义的生活</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">空间正义指的是正义的空间维度，即在</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">空间生产和消费中注重维护不同阶层、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">不同群体的公平占有，利用空间实现生</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">产和生活的权利</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。哈维认为，正义随</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">时空变化，因人而异，是一个过程，每</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">个人、每个社会阶层或者族裔都有自己</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的正义</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。索亚认为，空间正义的目标</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">是要构建富有凝聚力的、具有草根特征</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的社会行动联盟，为城市空间的民主权</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">利而斗争，这种权利包括参与空间生产</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的权利、保持差异性与多样性的权利，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">以及所谓“占据空间的权利”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">对于移民城市而言，由于存在大量<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的不正义状态</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">，空间正义问题显得尤</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">为重要。移民城市需要更多的正义, 这种</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">正义需要考虑移民的日常生活和主观感</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">受，强调空间的社会属性，兼顾本地居民</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">和外来移民的城市权利、服务共享、均等</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">化设施配置，促进二者有机融合。空间正</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">义应注重不同利益主体之间的博弈平衡</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">和不同价值取向选择之间的平衡</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。移</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">民城市需要更多地倾听移民的声音，城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市管理者需要正视移民的权利并给予公</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">平的“机会”，而非通过残酷的生存竞</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">争“淘汰”掉“对城市贡献不足”的移</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">民。要保护和尊重移民群体的城市权利，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">保护他们对城市规划的发言权和知情权，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">保护其物业产权。在涉及移民空间的重</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">要规划项目中，应广泛开展有移民群体</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">加入的公众参与，实现空间规划和决策</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">方面的“程序正义”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">《国家新型城镇化规划 (2014—2020<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">年)》要求“各级政府根据基本公共服务</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的事权划分，承担相应的财政支出责任，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">增强农业转移人口落户较多地区政府的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">公共服务保障能力”。基本公共服务均</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">等化是移民城市建设的基本原则，也是</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">“空间正义”的体现。一方面，加强对</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">移民聚居区(如城中村)公共服务设施配</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">置的专题研究，实现对多样化、不同于</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">本地人群的移民群体设施配置的经验数</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">据系统和方案集合。同时，在总体规划</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">或相关规划中，将移民规划适当折算后</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">作为城市整体公共设施的配置依据。另</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">一方面，在目前新常态的背景下，政府</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">在规划中仍应加大对移民区的文教体卫</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">设施和供电供暖、给排水、道路、污水</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">处理、垃圾处理、通信和网络等基础设</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">施方面的投入；允许多元化投资主体和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">社会资本参与此类设施建设，降低移民</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">融入城市 ( 市民化 ) 的成本。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.55em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 2em; height: 2.16em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; border-top-left-radius: 0.4em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(227, 102, 43);"><section class="" style="line-height: 2.16em; width: 2em; height: 1em; padding-left: 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">3</p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 0px; border-left-width: 0.5em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(227, 102, 43); border-top-width: 1.08em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 1.08em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: block; float: left; padding: 0.2em 0.3em; margin: -2.11111em 0px 0.1em 1em; border: 1px solid rgb(227, 102, 43); border-radius: 0.4em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 0px 5px 0px 1.5em; margin-left: 2px; float: left; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">“社会融合”之城</p></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">针对目前较为严重的移民社会空间<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">隔离问题，未来城市规划工作需要围绕</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">推进融合及打破分异的目标展开，通过</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">空间手段推动本地居民和移民融合，设</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">置更多交往空间(如绿道、公园与健身</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">场所等)，逐步提升移民生活质量，促进</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">城市社会融合。基于所谓的“社会空间</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">辩证法”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">，空间和社会之间存在辩证</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的相互影响、相互决定的关系，因此可</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">以通过规划，从隔离空间转向融合空间，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">实现移民城市的社会融合。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在住区规划中，应通过各种可能方<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">式(如容积率奖励机制)促使移民住房与</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">商品房在空间上尽量混合，减少规划设</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">计造成的空间隔离；在移民廉租房建设</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">方面，应避免将此类住房大规模集中布</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">局，以免形成负面的“邻里效应”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">充分考虑移民群体在就业、通勤与居住</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">方面的需求特征，在邻近就业集中点、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">轨道交通站点、公交站点及“城中村”</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">地区，规划布局一定比例的公租房，降</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">低出行成本和生活成本，解决城市移民</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的住房需求。2016 年 2 月 21 日，《中</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">共中央国务院关于进一步加强城市规划</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">建设管理工作的若干意见》发布，强调</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">今后将“推广街区制、逐步打开封闭小</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">区和单位大院……原则上不再建设封闭</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">住宅小区”，为推进移民城市的社会融</span><span style="text-indent: 2em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">合提供了政策保障。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">在公共空间的营造方面，首先应注<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">重街道空间的营造，尤其注重维护和保</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">持商业氛围、摊贩叫卖氛围与街道日常</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">生活氛围，通过规划构建“街道眼”“街</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">道芭蕾”的日常生活，在方便居民生活</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的同时，实现移民群体与本地居民的日</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">常“粘合”，创造可停留、可观赏、可</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">交互的公共生活空间。其次，注意“街角”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">空间的利用和设计，把街区的边角碎地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">利用起来，配置绿化、小品与健身设施，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">增加其使用度，明确其空间的公共属性，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">进而增加移民群体及其与本地居民交往</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">互动的机会，激发群体之间的社会交往，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">推动相互理解和包容。</span></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.55em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 2em; height: 2.16em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; 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margin-left: 2px; float: left; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">“地方依恋”之城</p></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">“地方依恋”指的是人在心理上对<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">于地方积极的情感依附，偏重人在心理</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">方面对客观环境特别是所谓“地方”的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">接纳和依靠，如“乡愁”即是一种典型</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的“地方依恋”。随着人类社会步入现代，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">人口流动性的加强加上“地方”特性的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">缺失大大减弱了人们的“地方依恋”，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">进而影响到地方认同、身份认同，造成</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">心理上的不稳定感、焦虑和不安全等负</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">面情绪</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">。为此，移民城市规划应该加</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">强对空间的情感维度的研究，从重视空</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">间的交换价值转向重视空间的使用价值，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">尊重移民和本地居民对于空间的主观感</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">受与感知规律。同时，在全球资本流动</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">加速、城市之间激烈竞争的大背景下，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">培育地方依恋的目的还在于通过固着流</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">动的移民人口来固着资本，进而实现城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">市的可持续发展、避免城市衰退。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">社区(社会空间)是构成城市的基本<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">空间单元，社会空间的融合及“地方依恋”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的培育，应该成为移民城市社区规划的主</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">要目标。移民在社区建设中的共享共建、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">规划参与和管理参与是重要一环。例如，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">社区规划中应纳入移民代表，强调其知情</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">权、参与权；社区养老设施、公共教育资</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">源及健身、公共空间应该对移民开放；社</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">区居委会、业主委员会、居民代表大会也</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">要倾听和尊重移民群体的声音。此外，非</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">政府组织(NGO)也应发挥平台作用，在</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">城市管理的社区层面配合政府做大量工</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">作，打破移民群体和本地居民之间“无形</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">的墙”，组织社区活动和公共服务，促进</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">社区内、社区间的互动和融合。此外，营</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">造具有场所感和包容性的城市文化空间也</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">很重要，“地方依恋”以丰富的地方文化</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">符号为载体，在移民城市的规划中应重视</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">具有包容性的文化空间营造，创造多元共</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">生的文化空间。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="line-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; transform: rotate(0deg); width: 1em; height: 1em; padding: 0.2em; border: 0.14em solid rgb(227, 102, 43); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="width: 100%; height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(227, 102, 43);"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; height: 0.14em; margin: 0px -1em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(227, 102, 43);"></section><section style="display: inline-block; 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box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340101&idx=3&sn=47ed4f97eb3a4763e010c4b954f9413c&chksm=8b42080dbc35811bce2148257d192c0730480519db18d17c61e54c205d31af9ba907f656e7a0&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340101&idx=3&sn=47ed4f97eb3a4763e010c4b954f9413c&chksm=8b42080dbc35811bce2148257d192c0730480519db18d17c61e54c205d31af9ba907f656e7a0&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【PR】从指令走向包容 —历史街区保护中政府价值观的重塑</a><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340101&idx=4&sn=fe99932b12c2686b2c92414e0b20bbe2&chksm=8b42080dbc35811b503a820066aa2b9a91e02401d1679f08ee9093729ebc9b12890564cc532f&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340101&idx=4&sn=fe99932b12c2686b2c92414e0b20bbe2&chksm=8b42080dbc35811b503a820066aa2b9a91e02401d1679f08ee9093729ebc9b12890564cc532f&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【PR】韧性视角下的历史街区保护与更新 —以汕头小公园历史街区、佛山祖庙东华里历史街区为例</a><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340101&idx=5&sn=3b803df13109904d2c176783a597b5ec&chksm=8b42080dbc35811be03695d8e1c5e8232dcdfdbb9aaf81ce7310146c72cd1d155786c0ffa536&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340101&idx=5&sn=3b803df13109904d2c176783a597b5ec&chksm=8b42080dbc35811be03695d8e1c5e8232dcdfdbb9aaf81ce7310146c72cd1d155786c0ffa536&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【PR】江苏省镇村布局规划中自然村界定研究 —基于乡村发展溯源及江苏自然村特征分析的启示</a><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340052&idx=3&sn=97c7253600108a77e4d081a2e2a6b3d9&chksm=8b42085cbc35814adf47a35c6e9280daf2d229dfa1a0f11fb4baf1ea4c2509840dcc1697c0fd&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340052&idx=3&sn=97c7253600108a77e4d081a2e2a6b3d9&chksm=8b42085cbc35814adf47a35c6e9280daf2d229dfa1a0f11fb4baf1ea4c2509840dcc1697c0fd&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【系列专版3】“绿色账号”理念下城市绿地系统的动态平衡思路与应用 —以前海深港现代服务业合作区 14、16 开发单元为例</a><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340052&idx=2&sn=5e29b65a845c6c523a5b98abcf011228&chksm=8b42085cbc35814ad66716e701aab67780ab83c7f7b75c4f0ec03c0ca5b05be769120032c5cf&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340052&idx=2&sn=5e29b65a845c6c523a5b98abcf011228&chksm=8b42085cbc35814ad66716e701aab67780ab83c7f7b75c4f0ec03c0ca5b05be769120032c5cf&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【系列专版2】存量产业空间更新的总体规划策略及实践—以《宝安科技创新产业城总体规划研究》为例</a><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340052&idx=1&sn=2d7cb9d71f9f5cf372d99391e39d8756&chksm=8b42085cbc35814af8da8b48db2aaebe96da21b66858be950a52e2cea6add58c1571ef6e2716&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340052&idx=1&sn=2d7cb9d71f9f5cf372d99391e39d8756&chksm=8b42085cbc35814af8da8b48db2aaebe96da21b66858be950a52e2cea6add58c1571ef6e2716&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【系列专版1】人本规划视角下城市更新制度设计的解析及优化</a><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340028&idx=1&sn=8abfaba3dd51c3efa1dfd3b0047c6e0d&chksm=8b4209b4bc3580a2ed2ec29bfa37a2df4672fd7bb07704a2ddfa6acb7b9df06fe9daad683dc1&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340028&idx=1&sn=8abfaba3dd51c3efa1dfd3b0047c6e0d&chksm=8b4209b4bc3580a2ed2ec29bfa37a2df4672fd7bb07704a2ddfa6acb7b9df06fe9daad683dc1&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【PD】寒地既有公共建筑形态改造与城市设计对策</a><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340005&idx=1&sn=ffe469bb8c2281f4cd4f9edae5d5afcd&chksm=8b4209adbc3580bb928cc31e370d3981bc0748db3129677e7486b4523c43b8179b83a6955bfd&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651340005&idx=1&sn=ffe469bb8c2281f4cd4f9edae5d5afcd&chksm=8b4209adbc3580bb928cc31e370d3981bc0748db3129677e7486b4523c43b8179b83a6955bfd&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【PD】港城融合理念下的港口区再生策略 —以青岛港老港区为例</a><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651339961&idx=1&sn=a8e1c98f992c026ee0d5adf91ae8660b&chksm=8b4209f1bc3580e767c6d1f5977fe64130a8448e42904368f2346feebd847fac4d57261abc29&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651339961&idx=1&sn=a8e1c98f992c026ee0d5adf91ae8660b&chksm=8b4209f1bc3580e767c6d1f5977fe64130a8448e42904368f2346feebd847fac4d57261abc29&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【PD】从模式化到定制化的街道语言设计 —以佛山南海西部片区街道家具专项规划为例</a><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651339985&idx=1&sn=59fdd35599f0663a5c206a408ee7e22c&chksm=8b420999bc35808f95b99428714972910e78ebff6da3aa26140c7b7cffba58777b6e58c9aad6&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651339985&idx=1&sn=59fdd35599f0663a5c206a408ee7e22c&chksm=8b420999bc35808f95b99428714972910e78ebff6da3aa26140c7b7cffba58777b6e58c9aad6&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【PD】基于区域分析方法的淄博高铁站地区空间发展规划探索</a>（11期）<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651339934&idx=1&sn=098e2d6abc2b5c27c30065a5169a9cbf&chksm=8b4209d6bc3580c0c65bb9c0770b8a0bfcf0ac90e84290998893f16f4979d319f6296419a9ce&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651339934&idx=1&sn=098e2d6abc2b5c27c30065a5169a9cbf&chksm=8b4209d6bc3580c0c65bb9c0770b8a0bfcf0ac90e84290998893f16f4979d319f6296419a9ce&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【专题研究1】沈阳城市开发边界的划定方法及实践</a><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651339934&idx=2&sn=892bebacfc9f2590c12ef632ee1c167d&chksm=8b4209d6bc3580c0c8cf80458950411f3af351d67023a696f5131c41dda228e579c61fadfc35&scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" data_ue_src="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNQ==&mid=2651339934&idx=2&sn=892bebacfc9f2590c12ef632ee1c167d&chksm=8b4209d6bc3580c0c8cf80458950411f3af351d67023a696f5131c41dda228e579c61fadfc35&scene=21#wechat_redirect" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">【专题研究2】大城市开发边界的整合与优化策略 —以武汉市为例</a><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; 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