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<section style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.25em; height: 2.25em; border-left: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); border-top: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -2.25em; margin-left: 5px; padding-top: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" padding: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">编辑团队</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -2.25em; margin-right: 5px; background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 5px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Kriston Capps、Michael Smith  </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">翻译/ 李佳佳  文献/  罗谭晓思    校核/ 相欣奕  </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">编辑/ 众山小   排版/ 解珊珊   </section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="margin-left: auto; width: 2.25em; height: 2.25em; border-right: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 35%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: right;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; margin-bottom: -10px; margin-left: auto; transform: rotate(0deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(0deg); -moz-transform: rotate(0deg); -o-transform: rotate(0deg); border-left: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); border-top: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border-right: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 100%; border-right: 10px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(251, 210, 107); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: 0px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vdWPKAXOxNXI9hichtke1TS2e5eHhrVKyAx1vQnulav6JBg5DbLN8BrD5QiaSO4k7KKUrGZKrwRpw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1" data-w="170"  /></section></section></section><section style="width: 0px; margin-top: -10px; margin-left: auto; border-top: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); border-left: 5px solid rgb(41, 194, 150); border-right: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 65%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 20px 0% 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: transparent; padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(182, 182, 182); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(8, 136, 177, 0.941176); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;">译者萌像&导读：</span></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;">“城市是属于人的，因而城市的活力取决于生活在这里的人能够如何使用它”。从纽约到墨尔本，从阻止曼哈顿下城高速路的修建到夜莺公寓的诞生。则一讲述了雅各布斯通过与鲍勃迪伦共同写歌来反对当时摩西希望再纽约曼哈顿核心区修建高速公路，并最终取得胜利的故事。这在后来激发了无数城市规划学家秉承雅各布斯的思想（例如扬盖尔），对某些区域的城市更新加以保护，并阻止对其做任何改变。时至今日这样做是否是正确的呢？则二讲述了人们关于墨尔本最新的夜莺公寓设计的五大创新，例如夜莺公寓不提供停车库，也没有第二浴室或第二空调，但是夜莺公寓的共享与创新、可持续发展的设计理念，及其可负担性，仍然让很多人都爱上了它。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); padding: 10px; border-radius: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); padding: 10px 0px; border-radius: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; padding: 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin: 0px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/tXodr2cmwSuuiaDFjPfaTQSBd4895dgGOh2wsqz3DQRtvKjnYpYu4icT3FNJ8hqcicD1S5I7DUDnuibLw455sVKpjA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.562" data-w="500"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: -25px 0% 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: transparent; padding: 0px 5px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.54902); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市更新大师︱当雅各布斯遇见鲍勃?迪伦</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(212, 212, 212); height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(239, 236, 231); height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" font-size: 16px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: right;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 90%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; color: rgb(45, 44, 47); font-size: 15px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">阅读全文</section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 10%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" font-size: 4.8px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); margin: 4px 0% 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: auto; width: 3em; height: 3em; vertical-align: top; background-image: url("http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/fUPianak5u4pcH7Dh8iahcxdH5jZbYeRwU1VIE5Mib9wgpRvTeUgruygrukfr8iaffmBLqllsYnQoPkpicM2oCtTc8w/0?wx_fmt=png"); background-position: center center; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; display: inline-block;"><section class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; box-sizing: border-box;"> <img class="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%; opacity: 0; box-sizing: border-box;" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/fUPianak5u4pcH7Dh8iahcxdH5jZbYeRwU1VIE5Mib9wgpRvTeUgruygrukfr8iaffmBLqllsYnQoPkpicM2oCtTc8w/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="1" data-w="129"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209); padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(249, 110, 87); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 21.0001px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">则一</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">今日住房之战雅各布斯</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">会站在哪一边</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(249, 110, 87); border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(249, 110, 87); border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span> </section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/  KRISTON CAPPS    翻译/ 李佳佳 </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-right: 0.6em solid rgb(249, 110, 87); border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-right: 0.6em solid rgb(249, 110, 87); border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一位享有盛誉的城市学家声称与鲍勃·迪伦共同写了一首抗议歌曲来反对罗伯特·摩西，但如果时至今日，她可能并不会坚持之前的观点将其保护至今。</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vdWPKAXOxNXI9hichtke1TicldUxic1gOEjVcNwv724ibdhnkwZMPPXuySqAlDWNiadNor85Krpl0QicA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.7919354838709678" data-w="620"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、美国国会图书馆</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在庆祝百年诞辰的所有方式中，发布雅各布斯与鲍勃·迪伦的合作可能是最独特的。谷歌网站推出了纪念雅各布斯诞辰100周年的涂鸦之前的一天，她的儿子向环球邮报证实了母亲曾与迪伦合作撰写了一首歌来抗议罗伯特·摩西关于曼哈顿下城的计划。并且，当然她做到了。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">没有任何规划师能受到如此尊重，也没有任何一个城市学家拥有与雅各布斯相媲美的家喻户晓的地位。她与摩西关于纽约城市更新的战争，以及她所主张的人的尺度的街道尺度，使她被更多人所熟知。她不仅赢得了高度赞扬，并且成为了公共领域显赫的思想家。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在雅各布斯儿子的讲述中，甚至是由雅各布斯教会了迪伦怎样写抗议歌曲的。当然现在这看起来是不可能的，以至于给整个故事蒙上一层面纱。但是如果这些歌词是迪伦写的，它们读起来就像雅各布斯在1963年所说的话一样。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">听，罗伯特·摩西，如果你能听得到</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">尽管你试图谴责，但这是我们的呼声</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们不能继续坐以待毙看着我们的家园被拆毁</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">所以带着你所推崇的高速公路离开这里吧</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">关于她诸多赞誉源于在很多事情上她是正确的，而她的对手摩西是错误的事实。城市更新毁灭性割裂了种族和经济的断层线。如果摩西在曼哈顿下城成功的建起了高速公路，那么纽约一些为人深爱的住区绝无可能保留至今。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">出版社的同事们表示，人们全心全意的分享自己的观点仍是困难的。雅各布斯的典范在今天仍应引导着我们。看看眼前的挑战，或许做这件事是诱人的，但是很难公正。罗伯塔布兰德斯格拉茨写到“如果今天雅各布斯仍然和我们在一起，她完全有权利说：我说过的吧”。这毫无疑问是对的。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">但我更好奇的是：如果雅各布斯今天仍然和我们在一起，她是否会坚持之前的观点呢？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在雅各布斯1963年写给纽约地标保护委员会主席的信中<span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献1，请联系我们索取）</strong></span>，她主张扩大当时被考虑作为历史区域的格林威治村的范围。雅各布斯写到“城市并未把西村纳入其中，这是非常有必要的。”她列出了177个诸如Christopher一样的地点，这是“Oelhaf的海事工程”之一，对于西村作为古老的河边居住地完整性和历史性的保护而言，它们至关重要。Oelhaf商店里有美妙的管风琴，她写道“奇迹和文字的魅力已经从世界的海上航道消失了。因此请出国际阵容的风琴手，让他们来弹奏乐器吧”。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">细节毋庸赘述，雅各布斯的信中整理了大量的历史证据和建筑知识以证明保留这一地区的意义。雅各布斯写到 “在视觉上，海滨村庄是展示不可被破坏的历史连续性的唯一证据。一次，再一次。并不是幽灵的传说或怀旧的借口，而是现实生活的一部分。”</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">今天，格林威治村看起来更像是雅各布斯在1963年所努力抗争的样子，但它仍然是在变化的。根据Trulia官网数据显示，每个月租金的中位数是3,950美元，然而房屋售价的中位数是210万美元。回溯到1963年，雅各布斯努力保护村庄避免被摩西用推土机铲平用来修建高速公路的命运，她成功了。这次胜利的影响直至今天仍然是十分广泛的。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在2006年时，距离1969年雅各布斯在这场成功保护了格林威治村这块历史区域的斗争将近40年之久了。格林威治村历史保护协会成功实现了西村的降低密度区划。一则最新的新闻写道“今天的历史性投票仅仅是在雅各布斯去世的几天后，几天之前的5月4日本应是她的90岁生日”。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">依这种观点看来，雅各布斯的工作仍未完成。保护主义者在2010年成功的把历史街区的边界扩展到遥远的西村和东村。三月份的时候，保护主义者发起抗争反对纽约市市长比尔·白思豪在城市重新分区的计划中将邻近住区划分为商品房。他们成功了。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">降低密度区划的正在以雅各布斯的名义在这些邻里街区开展。但事实上，雅各布斯在面对开发时，思想是更具灵活性的。想一下她在多伦多的工作，由雅各布斯和其他人一起在1996年实施的 “Two Kings”城市更新规划<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献2，请联系我们索取）</span></strong>，针对沿着市中心海滨地区的两个后工业遗址开展城市更新，绕过国王-士巴丹拿与国王议会区。雅各布斯的复兴计划强调了灵活的土地利用方式。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“可能对于很多认为雅各布斯阻止了推土机所以是英雄的人来说，结果是非常令人震惊的。”城市规划师Payton Chung说到。“Two Kings地区不仅没有失去就业机会，很多的工业用地将生产迁出，但是就业岗位同比增加了58%，更令人印象深刻的是，还允许在此建设46,000个居住单元，相当大一部分是崭新的高楼大厦。”</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">所以雅各布斯可能并不完全赞成西村所发生的一切，即使是在她去世的几年后。她的最后一本著作《集体失忆在黑暗年代》，敲响了关于所有收入不平衡的警钟，并指出了城市所构成的威胁。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">今天，那些想要保护他们的社区从而免于进行任何改变的人们，赞扬并用雅各布斯抗争摩西建造高速公路以保护邻里社区的思想来支持自己的行为。但在真正意义上来说，保护村庄则意味着破坏它。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; padding: 20px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center; margin: 0px 0% -30px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 98%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 25px; color: rgb(207, 173, 83); letter-spacing: 2px; padding: 0px 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">墨尔本夜莺公寓</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; width: 80%; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vdWPKAXOxNXI9hichtke1Tqz3cggntsmZicgfNbiasx9eVe0wic11evsicGOPV00iaZx1jyPdcQbibmR1Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5625" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">共享创新可负担的公寓</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">它的秘密都有哪些</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 30%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 18px 0%;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="background-color: rgb(226, 223, 223); height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; border-radius: 1em; background-color: rgb(207, 173, 83); padding: 0.3em 0.8em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">李佳佳</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209); padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 0px 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; color: rgb(249, 110, 87); font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 21.0001px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">则二</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关于墨尔本夜莺公寓发展的</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">五个误区</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center; line-height: 1;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(249, 110, 87); border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-left: 0.6em solid rgb(249, 110, 87); border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span> </section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; line-height: 1.2; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 3px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Michael Smith    翻译/ 李佳佳  </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; border-right: 0.6em solid rgb(249, 110, 87); border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; opacity: 0.6; border-right: 0.6em solid rgb(249, 110, 87); border-top: 0.5em solid transparent !important; border-bottom: 0.5em solid transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </span> </section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">公寓的生活着实是吸引人的。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">不伦瑞克共享公寓的成功，刺激了一个新的并且更具创新性的公寓——夜莺公寓的诞生。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">随着近期另一则VCRT 对墨尔本“深绿公寓”提案提出更多质疑，围绕着颇有争议的夜莺公寓有颇多误解。<span style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">本质上来说，这是一个为业主提供良好生活质量与可负担得起的住宅公寓的财政楷模。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">这些公寓采取的可持续性与社区韧性达到相当高的水平，突破成见，特别是在停车场方面别出心裁。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vdWPKAXOxNXI9hichtke1Tqz3cggntsmZicgfNbiasx9eVe0wic11evsicGOPV00iaZx1jyPdcQbibmR1Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5625" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、一位艺术家关于费尔菲尔德火车站附近用地规划的印象——夜莺2.0。居民们和商人反对绰号为夜莺2.0的“深绿”公寓建设，然而已经取得了德尔宾委员会对VCAT方案的批准。</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></em></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); font-size: 24px; color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 28.0001px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">？</strong></span><strong style="color: rgba(59, 59, 60, 0.941176); letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;">疑惑之一：没有车库、第二间浴室和空调的设计，仅仅是开发商为了赚钱？</span></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">夜莺公寓的项目没有开发商，富有道德感的投资者同意最高利润为15%。相比之下，开发商通常会赚取30%的利润，通过更高的售价与更低的建筑成本，赚取更多额外的利润。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在夜莺公寓的模式下，取消第二浴室、空调、套房、房地产代理，从而降低售价。这保证了夜莺公寓比典型的公寓更具可持续性与可负担性。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vdWPKAXOxNXI9hichtke1TV7qib3woo9ed28fXepqEIQNvVJDMCPvGuzrUC0teib4lVribmHv2y9VRQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5625" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、费尔菲尔德建设夜莺2.0项目占地图，推动绿色发展。图：nearmap</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></em></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); font-size: 24px; color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 28.0001px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">？</strong></span><strong style="color: rgba(59, 59, 60, 0.941176); letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;">疑惑之二：因为没有停车位，所以夜莺公寓卖不出去？</span></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在施工前，夜莺公寓就早已挑选了未来的住宅用户，事实上，公寓已经全部提前出售而不是通过房地产代理。在夜莺模式下，交付之前，夜莺公寓的候补名单已经超过800个，极度的供不应求。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); font-size: 24px; color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 28.0001px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">？</strong></span><strong style="color: rgba(59, 59, 60, 0.941176); letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;">疑惑之三：公寓的质量很差？</span></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vdWPKAXOxNXI9hichtke1TZiaLAMbXAWWK2Udj3zV5fyHRHgIw7RdfkxTupp2rvuVqnvzq2orLAyw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5625" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、第一个夜莺项目将于不伦瑞克，方案进行了修改，纳入了三个停车点。</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">第一个夜莺公寓是位于不伦瑞克的共享公寓，以会呼吸的建筑而闻名，这个建筑获得了很多的设计大奖，包括2014年澳大利亚建筑师协会颁发的全国住宅建筑奖。以任何标准来说，这都是一个十分考虑人性化的辉煌设计。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">然而，过去的成功并不等于未来的成功。各种迹象都表明夜莺的发展将持续推动卓越设计。下一个夜莺项目将由备受尊重并获得众多荣誉的Six Degrees和奥斯汀梅纳德建筑师事务所联合完成。同时夜莺模式也确保建筑师们从始自终都不会有来自开发商要求“节约成本”的压力。在夜莺模式下，为建筑师们完成最好的设计提供了最完美的环境。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); font-size: 24px; color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 28.0001px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">？</strong></span><strong style="color: rgba(59, 59, 60, 0.941176); letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;">疑惑之四：没有空调，夜莺公寓将会热成蒸笼？</span></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle; box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box;" class="" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vdWPKAXOxNXI9hichtke1TeeFZajEkdrT5QJOTTnjbITyHpydVpoRkBibtNCz6sV7nAgZDsluJC8w/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5609375" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五、另一个角度看费尔菲尔德五层高夜莺2.0公寓</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">优秀的被动式公寓设计，如同优秀的被动式住宅设计一样，可以不使用空调，保持住宅内部的温度适中。仅仅取消空调并非通常的做法，还有更多好的设计。为了在夏季提供一个舒适的居住环境，墙体的保温隔热性得到了持续的增加，窗户是双层玻璃与热隔离框架，整体设计便于自然通风和夜间清洗。共享公寓是一个关于世界如何更好发展的真实案例。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); font-size: 24px; color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 28.0001px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">？</strong></span><strong style="color: rgba(59, 59, 60, 0.941176); letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;">疑惑之五：所有的夜莺公寓都要求访客将车在停在车库而不是路边停车位？</span></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(110, 115, 117); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">安全的路边停车场中的访客停车位几乎很少被游客使用。访客不知道车库中是否有可以使用的停车位也无法核实。通常，即使地下车库提供访客停车位，但对访客来说将车停在街道上是比较方便的。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">因为这个原因，当公寓的规划许可被批准时，公寓旁边的到访者停车位通常不需由市政厅或VCAT决定。一项评价“我的建筑”的调查数据表明，只有三分之一的公寓入住者指出其公寓附近提供有路边访客停车位。夜莺公寓周边有多种公共交通可供选择，同时市政厅也可通过时间限制与停车收费器对街道停车加以管理。因此，访客到夜莺公寓走亲访友完全无任何障碍。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; 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