国匠城工作台

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<section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: center; padding: 10px; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">点击标题下“”关注我们吧！</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1.4em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 147, 157); margin-bottom: -0.9em; margin-left: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 2.5em; border-top: 1px solid rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.5em; padding-left: 0.5em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(160, 160, 160); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">引言：</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box;">21世纪的2008年，人类历史上第一次出现城市人口超过乡村人口，城市的时代宣告来临。在人们应对挑战、共创未来的关键时刻，联合国决定2016年10月在厄瓜多尔首都基多召开第三次住房和城市可持续发展大会（以下简称“人居三”），制定新的历史性蓝图——《新城市议程》。此次会议是继第二次联合国人居大会（以下简称“人居二”）后又一次重要的全球性大会，必将成为推动世界各国住房和城市可持续发展的新的起点。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box;">为了促进和支持联合国“人居三”大会的召开，中国政府组织有关部门撰写了“人居三”中国人居报告。本报告总结了过去20年中国在人居方面的工作及成效，分析了面临的挑战和问题，提出了未来一个阶段的目标、对策和行动。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box;">本报告是按照联合国人居署理事会第24/14号决议的有关要求编撰的，政府有关部门、非政府组织、学术和研究机构等多个方面广泛参与，从不同方面对报告的起草贡献了智慧和力量。</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box;">中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部</span></section><section style="text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box;">2016年10月</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 2.5em; margin-left: auto; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.5em; border-top: 1px solid rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="height: 1.4em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 147, 157); margin-top: -0.9em; margin-left: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz%5Fjpg%2F3rV5DOkGgCbf6j6QRUM8LSRTYeG2jeKkAPhWNC09UDn8xfsEj4jxAfcv5C3PhBu8ht6AzG3vMy9XB48gt6iciang%2F0%3Fwx%5Ffmt%3Djpeg" data-ratio="1" data-w="1280"  /><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178);">*其他章节请关注微信公众号，查阅历史消息或回复“人居报告”获取链接。</span></em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(178, 178, 178);"><br  /></span></em></p></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="padding: 10px; font-size: 16px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 24px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3 中国城乡住区发展的行动计划</strong></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">过去20年，中国的城镇化和城乡建设取得了巨大成绩。下一步，我们将根据中央城市工作会议精神以及《中共中央国务院关于进一步加强城市规划建设管理工作的若干意见》要求，按照国家“十三五”规划纲要和国家新型城镇化规划（2014-2020年）确定的目标和计划，并与落实2030年可持续发展议程有机结合，推动中国城乡住区不断向前发展。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(0, 147, 157); border-right-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); border-left-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding-right: 0.5em; padding-left: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1  城镇化与城乡规划</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国的城镇化仍处于快速发展区间，并将进入以提升质量为主的转型发展阶段，面临的风险和挑战不容忽视。从内部看，中国工业化、信息化、城镇化和农业现代化发展不同步，农业根基不稳、城乡区域差距过大、产业结构不合理等问题突出。农业富余劳动力减少，人口老龄化程度提高，农村留守儿童、妇女和老人问题突出，资源环境瓶颈制约加剧，城市内部二元结构矛盾日益凸显，依靠劳动力廉价供给、土地等资源粗放消耗、非均等化基本公共服务压低成本推动城镇化快速发展的模式难以为继。从外部看，全球供给结构和需求结构正在发生深刻变化，庞大生产能力与有限市场空间的矛盾更加突出，国际市场竞争更加激烈，中国面临产业转型升级和消化严重过剩产能的挑战巨大。全球资源供需矛盾和碳排放权争夺更加尖锐，中国能源资源和生态环境面临的国际压力前所未有，传统高投入、高消耗、高排放的工业化城镇化发展模式不可持续。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1.1 城镇化</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 28.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 3.6em; height: 3.6em; padding: 0.15em; border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.3em; height: 3.3em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 15.8897px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">目标</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化水平和质量稳步提升，到2020年，常住人口城镇化率达到60%左右，户籍人口城镇化率达到45%左右。城镇化格局更加优化，“两横三纵”为主体的城镇化战略格局基本形成。城市发展模式科学合理，密度较高、功能混用和公交导向的集约紧凑型开发模式成为主导，人均城市建设用地严格控制在100平方米以内。城市生活和谐宜人，稳步推进城镇基本公共服务覆盖全部常住人口,基础设施和公共服务设施更加完善，生态环境明显改善，自然景观和文化特色得到有效保护，城市管理人性化、智能化。城镇化体制机制不断完善，阻碍城镇化健康发展的体制机制障碍基本消除。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 28.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 3.6em; height: 3.6em; padding: 0.15em; border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.3em; height: 3.3em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 15.8897px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">政策和行动</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（1）有序推进农业转移人口市民化。健全农业转移人口落户制度，实施差别化落户政策，推进符合条件农业转移人口落户城镇。保障随迁子女平等享有受教育权利，完善公共就业创业服务体系，扩大社会保障覆盖面，改善基本医疗卫生条件，拓宽住房保障渠道，推进农业转移人口享有城镇基本公共服务。建立成本分担机制，合理确定各级政府职责，完善农业转移人口社会参与机制，建立健全农业转移人口市民化推进机制。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2）优化城镇化布局和形态。构建以陆桥通道、沿长江通道为两条横轴，以沿海、京哈京广、包昆通道为三条纵轴，以轴线上城市群和节点城市为依托、其他城镇化地区为重要组成部分，大中小城市和小城镇协调发展的“两横三纵”城镇化战略格局。优化提升东部地区城市群，培育发展中西部地区城市群，建立城市群发展协调机制，促进各类城市协调发展，强化综合交通运输网络支撑。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（3）提高城市可持续发展能力。强化城市产业就业支撑，优化城市产业结构，增强城市创新能力，营造良好就业创业环境。优化城市空间结构和管理格局，改造提升中心城区功能，严格规范新城新区建设，改善城乡结合部环境。提升城市基本公共服务水平，优先发展城市公共交通，加强市政公用设施建设，完善基本公共服务体系。提高城市规划建设水平，创新规划理念，完善规划程序，强化规划管控，严格建筑质量管理。推动新型城市建设，加快绿色城市发展，推进智慧城市建设，注重人文城市建设。加强和创新城市社会治理，完善城市治理结构，强化社区自治和服务功能，创新社会治安综合治理，健全防灾减灾救灾体制。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（4）推动城乡发展一体化。推进城乡统一要素市场建设，以及城乡规划、基础设施和公共服务一体化，完善城乡发展一体化体制机制。保障国家粮食安全和重要农产品有效供给，提升现代农业发展水平，完善农产品流通体系，加快农业现代化进程。提升乡镇村庄规划管理水平，加强农村基础设施和服务网络建设，加快农村社会事业发展，建设社会主义新农村。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（5）改革完善城镇化发展体制机制。统筹推进人口管理、土地管理、财税金融、城镇住房、行政管理、生态环境等重点领域和关键环节体制机制改革。创新土地管理制度，加快财税体制和投融资机制改革，建立市场配置和政府保障相结合的住房制度，完善推动城镇化绿色循环低碳发展体制机制。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1.2 城乡规划</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 28.8px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 3.6em; height: 3.6em; padding: 0.15em; border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.3em; height: 3.3em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 15.8897px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">目标</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">适应新型城镇化发展要求，提高城乡规划的科学性、权威性、严肃性和连续性，健全管理体制机制，强化实施监督，切实发挥对城乡建设和发展的调控和引导作用。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 28.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 3.6em; height: 3.6em; padding: 0.15em; border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.3em; height: 3.3em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 15.8897px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">政策与行动</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（1）创新规划理念。在规划的全过程，坚持以人为本、尊重自然、传承历史、绿色低碳理念。科学确立城市功能定位和形态，加强城市空间开发利用管制，统筹规划城市空间功能布局，促进城市用地功能适度混合。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2）优化空间结构、提高土地使用效率。严格执行城市规划建设用地国家标准和人均建设用地指标，提高建成区人口密度。要按照促进生产空间集约高效、生活空间宜居适度、生态空间山清水秀的总体要求，形成合理的城市空间结构，促进经济建设、城乡建设与环境建设同步发展。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（3）完善规划程序。完善规划前期研究、规划编制、衔接协调、专家论证、公众参与、审查审批、实施管理、评估修编等工作程序，全面推行城市规划委员会制度，提高规划编制科学化、民主化水平。推行城市规划政务公开，加大公开公示力度。推动有条件地区的经济社会发展规划、城乡规划、土地利用规划等“多规合一”。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（4）强化规划管控。坚持一本规划一张蓝图持之以恒落实。加强规划实施全过程监管，确保依规划进行开发建设。健全国家城乡规划督察员制度。严格实行规划实施责任追究制度，加大对政府部门、开发主体、居民个人违法违规行为的责任追究和处罚力度。制定城市规划建设考核指标体系。运用信息化等手段，强化对城市规划管控的技术支撑。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(0, 147, 157); border-right-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); border-left-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding-right: 0.5em; padding-left: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2  城乡住房发展</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国正处于城镇化快速发展阶段，未来一段时期内，城镇人口规模扩大带来的新增住房需求，居民消费结构升级带来的改善性住房需求，以及城镇更新带来的被动性住房需求，仍将维持一个比较大的规模。同时，住房领域仍然存在地区发展不平衡、市场秩序不规范、保障体系不完善、建设模式和消费观念亟需转变等问题。围绕满足居民多层次住房需求，健全住房保障和供应体系，增加住房有效供给，还有大量的工作要做。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2.1城镇住房发展</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 28.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 3.6em; height: 3.6em; padding: 0.15em; border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.3em; height: 3.3em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 15.8897px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">目标</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国政府将继续健全市场配置和政府保障相结合的住房制度，推动形成总量基本平衡、结构基本合理、房价与消费能力基本适应的住房供需格局，以有效保障城镇常住人口的合理住房需求。中国政府将根据住房需求变化情况，保持合理的城镇住房投资和建设规模，增加城镇住房数量，提高人均住房面积，完善城镇住房功能，改善居住环境。到2020年，基本完成现有城镇棚户区、城中村和危房改造。新建的城镇住房，布局合理、设施齐全、富有特色，保温、隔热、隔声性能良好，建筑构造符合抗震、防火、节能要求。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 28.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 3.6em; height: 3.6em; padding: 0.15em; border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.3em; height: 3.3em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 15.8897px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">政策与行动</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（1）健全住房供应体系。构建以政府为主提供基本保障、以市场为主满足多层次需求的住房供应体系，优化住房供需结构，稳步提高居民住房水平，更好保障住有所居。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2）完善购租并举的住房制度。以解决城镇新居民住房需求为主要出发点，以建立购租并举的住房制度为主要方向，深化住房制度改革。对无力购买住房的居民特别是非户籍人口，支持其租房居住，对其中符合条件的困难家庭给予货币化租金补助。把公租房扩大到非户籍人口，实现公租房货币化。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（3）促进房地产市场健康发展。优化住房供给结构，促进市场供需平衡，保持房地产市场平稳运行。在住房供求关系紧张地区适度增加用地规模。在商品房库存较大地区，稳步化解房地产库存，扩大住房有效需求，提高棚户区改造货币化安置比例。积极发展住房租赁市场，鼓励自然人和各类机构投资者购买库存商品房，扩大租赁市场房源，鼓励发展以住房租赁为主营业务的专业化企业。促进房地产业兼并重组，提高产业集中度，开展房地产投资信托基金试点。发展旅游地产、养老地产、文化地产等新业态。加快推进住宅产业现代化，提升住宅综合品质。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（4）提高住房保障水平。将居住证持有人纳入城镇住房保障范围。统筹规划保障性住房、棚户区改造和配套设施建设，确保建筑质量，方便住户日常生活和出行。完善投资、信贷、土地、税费等支持政策。公租房实行实物保障与货币补贴并举，逐步加大租赁补贴发放力度。健全保障性住房投资运营和准入退出管理机制。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（5）健全住房公积金制度。以维护缴存职工合法权益为基础，以更好地支持缴存职工解决住房问题为目标，改进住房公积金缴存、提取、使用政策，健全监督管理机制，强化社会监督，提高管理运营透明度，建立公开规范的住房公积金制度。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2.2农村住房发展</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 28.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 3.6em; height: 3.6em; padding: 0.15em; border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.3em; height: 3.3em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 15.8897px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">目标</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">提高农房设计建造水平，明确农房质量、设计、施工等要求，引导农房设施配套齐备或具有较好的拓展性，具有良好的通风、采光、保温等性能。使用绿色建筑材料和产品，采用节能措施和低成本建造技术。挖掘当地优秀建筑营造方式和文化内涵，延续和发展地域与民族建筑文脉。到2020年基本完成现有农村危房改造任务。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 28.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 3.6em; height: 3.6em; padding: 0.15em; border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.3em; height: 3.3em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 15.8897px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">政策和行动</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（1）加强农房建设指导和管理。推进乡镇建设管理队伍建设。推动建立和完善农房建设质量安全管理制度，落实对农房建设设计施工的审查、指导和监管，推进新建农房严格执行抗震设防标准、规范和要求。加强农房建设质量安全宣传与技术指导。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2）继续实施农村危房改造。在全国农村危房总体情况摸底调查基础上制定农村危房改造“十三五”规划和年度计划。制定贫困地区危房改造计划，继续加大对贫困地区和贫困人口倾斜力度。完善现有危房改造信息系统，有步骤地向社会公开。加强对农村危房改造的管理和监督检查。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（3）研发推广绿色节能建造方法。继续开展现代夯土绿色民居研究与示范项目。推动安全实用、节能减废、经济美观、健康舒适的绿色农房建设，推动节能减排、安全、便利和可循环的绿色建材下乡。组织田园建筑（包括农村住房、公共建筑和农业生产建筑）优秀实例推荐和评选，开发优秀实例数据库，为各地农民建房提供参考样本。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（4）推动农房风貌建设。在保证安全和经济的条件下，提高农房风貌建设水平。加强对农房风貌建设的技术指导与管理，注重在建筑形式、细部构造、室内外装饰等方面延续民居风格，推动建设具有地方民居特色的现代农房。加强农房风貌综合建设，开展院落整治、利用和美化，努力使改造后农房与院落及周边环境相协调。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(0, 147, 157); border-right-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); border-left-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding-right: 0.5em; padding-left: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.3  城乡住区的基础设施</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">基础设施是城乡正常运行和健康发展的基础，对于改善人居环境、增强城乡综合承载能力、提高城乡运行效率、稳步推进新型城镇化，具有重要的作用。中国城乡基础设施存在总量不足、标准不高、运行管理粗放等问题，一些城市重建设、轻管理服务，防洪排涝设施建设滞后、交通拥堵问题严重，公共安全事件频发，城市管理运行效率不高。需要加大建设力度，提高运营管理水平，增强对人口集聚和服务的支撑能力。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 28.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 3.6em; height: 3.6em; padding: 0.15em; border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.3em; height: 3.3em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 15.8897px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">目标</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国将继续加强道路交通等基础设施建设，大力发展公共交通、步行和自行车等绿色交通，构建以绿色交通为主体的城市综合交通体系。以保障供水水质安全为重点，满足城镇化发展的用水需求，着力构建城镇供水安全保障体系，推进城乡统筹区域供水。加强城市防洪排涝、城镇污水处理设施建设，用10年左右的时间，建成较为完善的城市防洪排涝工程体系。推动园林绿化建设，力争使基础设施水平得到全面提升。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">到2020年，城市建成区平均路网密度达到8公里/平方公里，道路面积率达到15%，超大、特大城市公共交通分担率达到40%以上，大城市达到30%以上，中小城市达到20%以上；公共供水普及率达到95%；城市污水处理率达到95%，县城污水处理率达85%左右，重点镇达70%左右；城市生活垃圾无害化处理率达到95%，县城具备无害化处理能力，重点镇实现垃圾收集、转运全覆盖；城市建成区绿地率达到38.9%；城市防洪排涝设施建设明显加强。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 28.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 3.6em; height: 3.6em; padding: 0.15em; border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.3em; height: 3.3em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 15.8897px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">政策与行动</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（1）完善法律法规。加快立法是保障城乡基础设施发展的基础。从引导城市社会经济可持续发展的角度，对城市与基础设施的发展关系，基础设施发展所涉及的要素、条件、保障等给出明确的法律规定，进一步完善发展城乡基础设施的制度设计，包括促进城市公共交通立法进程、加快饮用水水源地管理与保护立法、完善城镇供水安全保障法律法规、颁布城镇排水与污水处理法律法规、加快城市公园立法等。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2）加强规划引导。科学安排公共交通设施布局，把统筹公共交通系统布局与城市开发结合起来，探索公共交通发展新模式；大力推进防洪减灾设施、地下综合管廊、海绵城市建设和城市黑臭水体整治、城市生态修复等，促进城市发展模式转型。加快编制城市防洪规划和城市排水（雨水）防涝综合规划，明确城市防洪排涝减灾的目标、建设任务和措施。进一步规范城镇污水处理规划、建设、管理、监督等工作。结合城乡环境整治、城中村改造、弃置地生态修复等，加大社区公园、街头游园、郊野公园、绿道绿廊等公园绿地规划建设。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（3）健全投融资机制。中国各级政府通过财政专项转移支付等方式积极引导社会资本参与市政公用设施的建设和运营管理，推广和规范政府与市场主体合作模式，通过实行特许经营制度，引入竞争机制，提高市政公用行业服务质量和效率。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（4）提升管理水平。加强数字化城市管理工作，提高城市管理标准化、信息化、精细化水平。健全城市道路桥梁管理的各项制度，落实养护维护和安全管理责任，提高城市道路桥梁安全运行的保障能力。加强交通需求管理，鼓励步行、自行车等绿色交通方式发展，与公共交通相互配合、协同发展，满足多样化交通需求。落实最严格水资源管理制度，促进城镇化和水资源承载能力相适应。加强城市防洪减灾监测预警体系建设，提高城市防灾减灾与应急处置能力，完善城市防洪排涝应急预案，提高防灾避险意识和应急自救能力。加强对城市园林绿化全过程的控制和管理，实现城乡绿化面积的拓展、绿地质量的提高和管养水平的提升。强化公园绿地保护管理，积极探索研究公园分级分类管理。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（5）强化科技支撑。积极推进建立城市道路桥梁管理信息系统建设，进一步加强公共交通信息服务系统建设，普及公共交通智能调度、公交车辆优先通行系统和电子票务系统。不断完善城市防汛指挥系统，加快建立具有灾害监测、预报预警、风险评估等功能的综合信息管理平台，强化数字信息技术对排水防涝工作的支撑。通过“全国城镇污水处理管理信息系统”，实时掌握城镇污水处理的建设运行情况，建立“量质结合”的城镇污水处理考核体系。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-top: 2px solid rgb(0, 147, 157); border-right-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); border-left-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: inline-block; padding-right: 0.5em; padding-left: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.4  城乡住区的绿色发展</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国正处在城镇化的快速发展时期，城乡新建建筑规模持续增加，城乡人口对能源、资源的需求不断扩大，如果延续传统粗放的发展模式，会带来资源环境恶化、社会矛盾增多等诸多风险，迫切需要转变发展方式，提高能源利用效率，降低建筑能耗，发展生态城市，推动形成绿色低碳的生产生活方式和城市建设运营模式。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.4.1 低碳生态城市建设</strong></span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 28.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 3.6em; height: 3.6em; padding: 0.15em; border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.3em; height: 3.3em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 15.8897px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">目标</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国将以“低碳生态示范市”“绿色生态城区”和“绿色低碳重点小城镇”等形式对生态城市建设进行实践，引领城市转型发展，改善城市人居环境，促进城镇化质量提升。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 28.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 3.6em; height: 3.6em; padding: 0.15em; border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.3em; height: 3.3em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 15.8897px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">政策和行动</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（1）编制全国低碳生态城市规划和评价标准，明确发展目标和方向。建立健全生态城市评价指标体系，科学、宏观衡量当前城镇生态化水平。形成生态城市规划建设指标标准，针对国情和各地实际，完善形成基本指标和特色指标，推动不同建筑气候区、不同空间尺度的城镇，因地制宜实施生态发展策略。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2）编制低碳生态城市发展指南，确立分区域引导原则。针对不同地理区域的地质状况、气候条件、资源禀赋、经济水平等因素，合理制定不同的鼓励引导政策和保障体系，制定科学、合理引导地方低碳生态城市实践纲领性的措施，促进各地朝着低碳生态城市的目标发展。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（3）确立低碳生态城市规划内容，落实、分解实施途径。以人居系统和自然系统的和谐为出发点，对传统空间规划设计方法和技术体系进行总结和提升，明确不同尺度低碳生态城市规划编制的目标、原则、内容和方法。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（4）推行示范案例项目，推广适宜技术应用。在全国不同的地域试点示范低碳生态城市建设所涉及的绿色建筑、新能源使用、绿色交通、循环产业、生态环境、废弃物利用和绿色基础设施等方面的新技术、新项目，并在条件成熟的地区，对适宜技术进行推广实施，形成示范基地。开展低碳生态城市国际合作，学习借鉴国际先进经验，引导促进国内城市可持续发展。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（5）转变生产生活方式，倡导社会共融和谐。将“低碳”“生态”“宜居”的理念贯彻于各项建设和居民日常的生活方式中，逐步调整城市的生产结构和消费结构，从根本上改变城市旧有的粗放发展模式。通过开展系列宣讲教育、示范评选、媒体报道等多种方式推广绿色生态的理念，大力鼓励市民自觉选择绿色消费，促进市民养成绿色消费习惯，在衣、食、住、行、用各个方面体现绿色生活理念。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.4.2 建筑节能</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 28.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 3.6em; height: 3.6em; padding: 0.15em; border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.3em; height: 3.3em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 15.8897px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">目标</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国力争到2020年末，城镇绿色建筑占新建建筑比例达到50%。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 28.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 3.6em; height: 3.6em; padding: 0.15em; border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.3em; height: 3.3em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 15.8897px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">政策和行动</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（1）实施绿色建筑行动。做好绿色建筑标准强制推广试点工作。鼓励有条件地区的新建建筑率先强制推广绿色建筑。推进绿色生态城区建设，区域性规模化发展绿色建筑。制定适合不同气候区的绿色建筑应用技术指南，加快符合国情的绿色建筑技术体系和产品的推广应用。培育和扶持绿色建筑产业和技术服务业的发展。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2）提高新建建筑节能标准质量与水平。推动严寒及寒冷地区城镇新建居住建筑尽快实施75%建筑节能强制性标准，鼓励夏热冬冷及夏热冬暖地区超大及特大城市率先实施更高要求的节能强制性标准。进一步加强完善新建建筑在规划、设计、施工、竣工验收等环节的节能监管机制。加快新建建筑节能管理体制建设，提高节能标准执行水平。鼓励有条件地区执行更高水平建筑节能标准。积极开展超低能耗或零能耗节能建筑建设试点。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（3）实施既有居住建筑节能改造。推进北方采暖地区既有居住建筑节能改造。强化节能改造工程设计、施工、选材、验收等环节的质量控制。进一步推进供热计量收费。在夏热冬冷地区，积极推广外遮阳、通风、绿化、门窗改造及兼具保温隔热功能等适用技术。鼓励在农村危房改造过程中同步推进节能改造。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（4）推进公共建筑节能监管改造。深入推进公共建筑能耗统计、能源审计及能效公示工作。进一步加强公共建筑能耗监测平台建设，逐步扩大监测建筑数量及监测深度。推动公益性行业公共建筑节能管理，开展节约型校园、节约型医院创建工作。推进公共建筑节能改造重点城市相关工作。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（5）加快可再生能源建筑领域规模化应用。加大太阳能等清洁能源在公益性行业及城乡基础设施方面的推广应用力度。鼓励拓展可再生能源建筑应用技术应用领域，推进深层地热能的梯度应用、光热与光电技术结合等技术推广。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.4.3 垃圾处理</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 28.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 3.6em; height: 3.6em; padding: 0.15em; border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.3em; height: 3.3em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 15.8897px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">目标</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">到2020年，中国设市城市生活垃圾无害化处理率达到95%，垃圾处理设施规范运行。全国90%村庄的生活垃圾得到有效处理。实现有完备的设施设备、有成熟的治理技术、有稳定的保洁队伍、有完善的监管制度、有长效的资金保障。到2030年，城市生活垃圾处理设施和服务向小城镇和乡村延伸，城乡生活垃圾处理接近发达国家平均水平。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 28.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 3.6em; height: 3.6em; padding: 0.15em; border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.3em; height: 3.3em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 15.8897px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">政策和行动</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（1）因地制宜选择适用技术。充分考虑当地经济发展水平、设施用地情况和垃圾特性等因素，因地制宜选择适用的生活垃圾处理技术，进一步推进垃圾焚烧技术应用，采取多种方式，提高资源化利用和无害化处理水平。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2）加快设施建设。加大对生活垃圾处理设施建设的投资力度，加快设施规划建设各环节进度。继续推进餐厨垃圾和建筑垃圾回收和再生利用体系建设。完善全国城镇生活垃圾处理管理信息系统，提高对处理设施的监管水平。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（3）稳妥推进垃圾分类。做好生活垃圾分类与废品回收利用体系、危险废物处理系统的衔接，完善分类收运和处理体系建设。加快建立垃圾强制分类制度。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（4）推进农村生活垃圾治理。完善农村生活垃圾治理相关的法律法规和政策，建立部门和地方合力推进的工作机制。坚持以县为主体，统筹城乡生活垃圾治理。鼓励保洁和清运服务专业化和社会化。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.4.4 环境整治</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 28.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 3.6em; height: 3.6em; padding: 0.15em; border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.3em; height: 3.3em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 15.8897px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">目标</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">未来一段时期，中国将继续改善城市面貌，维护城市环境秩序，加强和创新社会管理，提升城市管理标准化、信息化、精细化水平，提高城市管理效率。中国还将因地制宜推进农村人居环境改善工作，力争到2020年，全国农村居民住房、饮水和出行等基本生活条件明显改善，人居环境基本实现干净、整洁、便捷，建成一批各具特色的美丽宜居村庄。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 28.8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 3.6em; height: 3.6em; padding: 0.15em; border-radius: 100% 100% 100% 0px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.3em; height: 3.3em; margin: auto; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table; width: 100%; height: 3.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; line-height: 1.2; font-size: 15.8897px; color: rgb(255, 111, 29); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">政策和行动</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（1）健全法律法规，加强市容、镇容、村貌管理。加快城镇和村庄管理立法进程，尽快修订与城市安全运行、城市公共空间有序管理的相关法规，建立完善、系统的城镇和村庄管理法律法规体系。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2）强化规划调控，加快公厕建设。结合实际情况，将城市公厕作为重点内容，纳入环卫专项规划和城市其他相关规划，统筹布局、用地和规模。加快新建公厕的规划建设、老旧公厕的改造以及配套公厕的建设，合理利用社会公厕。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（3）加快数字城管平台建设，实现城市管理精细化。加大投入，推进数字城管平台建设。充分发挥数字城管平台的作用，转变执法方式，形成城市管理合力，提高城市管理精细化水平。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（4）加强城市河湖和水生态环境保护，改善城市水生态环境。着力加大污水收集和处理力度，按照上下游联动、强化减排的思路，持续削减水污染物入河总量，加大黑臭水体整治，改善水环境质量。大力推进城市饮用水水源地达标建设，建立和健全水质监测体系。开展城市水环境综合治理，促进河湖水体的生态流动，改善城镇人居环境。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（5）加强舆论宣传，引导群众参与。强化全社会“共建、共管、共享”城市的意识，发挥广大群众在城市管理中的作用，调动社会组织和志愿者参与城市管理的积极性，表彰优秀城市管理者，奖励为城市管理做出贡献的个人、企业和其他社会组织，引导社会共建和谐城市。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">（6）推进农村人居环境改善。加快编制村庄规划，分类指导农村人居环境治理，提高村庄规划可实施性，合理确定整治重点。突出重点，循序渐进，全力保障基本生活条件，大力开展村庄环境整治，稳步推进宜居乡村建设。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; padding: 10px; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">?版权声明</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">本文稿件由中国城市规划学会提供，经编辑、排版。任何网站、微信公众号等其他媒体如需转载<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">请在显著位置注明稿件来源(微信公众号:)</strong>。更多相关事宜请在微信公众号留言或发邮件至www@planning.org.cn联系我们。对此保留最终解释权。</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding-bottom: 5px; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(0, 147, 157); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; padding: 10px; font-size: 10px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国城市规划学会官方网站</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">www.planning.org.cn</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">知规划动态 | 晓行业前沿 | 听学会声音 | 碰学术火花</section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; 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