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<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; letter-spacing: 15px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="letter-spacing: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一<span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"></span><span style="line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);">览<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>众<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>山<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>小</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;">SustainableCity & Transportation</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding: 1em 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuls8dHRk770XXdibnicQSreiausic5NGGju0Rz3Uqbw35QbBjF982wlsMiaA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg"); background-attachment: scroll; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); background-size: 101.066%; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(8, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">     </strong><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">编辑团队</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; border-color: rgb(8, 8, 8); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">    原文/  Marcela Valente  </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">    翻译/ 周利亚       校验<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">/ 众山小   </span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">    文献/ 陈清凝  </span><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">   排版/ 周利亚</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="group-empty" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 38.2%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; width: 70%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuOIELxb9LepNiauOItkJyoHRrXhJ0DtRsqkTg6ryx3AqXbfq73hgv2Ww/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1" data-w="170"  /></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 61.8%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: block; float: left; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">译者萌像&导读：</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: block; min-height: 4.5em !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">在高速城市化的进程中，气候变化对城市发展的威胁尤为突出。由于气候变化，全球变暖、海平面上升、强降水与洪涝灾害及各类极端事件成为城市不得不面对的问题。面对气候变化，提高城市韧性是增强城市气候适应性的重要途径。城市的气候韧性，包含了抵抗扰动的抗力，也包括受到外界扰动的调节、适应与恢复的弹力。作为港口城市，纽约在遭受飓风、洪水等一系列灾害后，纽约在适应气候变化方面积极作为，城市政府、科学界和公众同舟共济制订了适应性规划，明确城市的脆弱性和风险领域，增强城市基础设施建设 ，建立城市灾害应对机制，对韧性措施进行多方位投入，以降低极端天气的影响并增强预防措施。本文文末提供的纽约气候适应性与城市韧性规划相当精彩,快来下载呦!</section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/InLlteaKYOicTAlNnHmmVatLE4RVEZYRof8icq6MdpyzXNUXTEoRiaEibAtU3qyKgaFakbIOAs2UKpy0Vhl3S5107Q/0?wx_fmt=gif" data-ratio="0.3125" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: -30px 0% 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(215, 44, 44); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">▼请看正文</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们生活在一个高速城市化的世界。在2050年，多达世界人口的三分之二（ 大约六十亿人 ）可能会居住在城市里。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市会在第一时间响应气候变化，因为他们是自然灾害最直接的受害者，也因为他们排放高达了70％的温室气体。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">为保护城市居民免受气候变化的影响，比如更频繁更严重的热浪，暴雨和沿海洪灾，城市需要提高自身的气候韧性。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">正因为如此，在去年巴黎气候大会上城市的曝光度相当地高。数百名市长共同承诺减少排放，提高城市适应力。截至今天，447个城市签署了“市长契约”，这是一个承诺减少温室气体排放、跟踪进程，并为气候变化积极准备的城市领导人的联盟。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们联合了城市气候变化研究网络（UCCRN），这是一个由600多名专家组成的小组，他们为来自政府、私营企业、非政府组织、社区等社会各界的城市领导者和管理人员提供关于气候科学信息方面的适应和减缓措施。在巴黎气候大会上，城市气候变化研究联盟（UNCCRN）发布了第二份“气候变化与城市”评估报告的摘要（城市领袖版，Summary for City Leaders）<span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献1，请联系我们索取）。</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">基于我们和UCCRN的合作，我们认为，在气候变化解决方案上，城市有很大的潜力发挥主导作用，但要做到这一点必须先做出变革。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们也相信，纽约市在2012年后的桑迪飓风重建的经验，对其他城市也非常有借鉴意义。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">适应性规划</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">为了成为应对气候变化的先行者，UCCRN已经制订了变革性策略。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">他们会将应对短期灾害和长期气候变化的准备工作相互联系；把减少温室气体排放的和加强抗灾能力的措施相互结合；邀请不同利益相关者群体、科学家，加入到规划过程中；着眼于保护最脆弱的部分;加强地方信用和管理能力；并通过加入城市网络来放眼世界。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">实际上，纽约市已经在追求这些目标了，很大程度上是由于极端天气已经让纽约损失惨重。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2012年10月29日，桑迪飓风在纽约大都会地区登陆，导致44人死亡。仅纽约市的经济损失就达190亿美金。洪水淹没了大约8.87万幢建筑物，其中包括了30万个家庭和2.3万家门店，并造成两百万居民无电力供应。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuetc5P2xKHthOtpicXGG0qvxPNbdSicQ0PpcW5wGiclAOK2dZGdLl7dV1w/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.665625" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">图一、桑迪飓风期间，布鲁克林和曼哈顿之间的Hugh L.Carey隧道惨遭水淹</span></strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">桑迪为我们敲响了警钟：在极端气候事件面前，纽约是多么脆弱。灾难过后，城市领导者就决心采取措施，希望纽约在面对气候变化的时候，可以更强大，更富有韧性。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献2，请联系我们索取）</span></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">纽约在桑迪飓风后的重建经验，重点传达了三个关键信息，而且其他城市也可以借鉴。<span style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献3，请联系我们索取）</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第一，随着科学技术的不断进步，已经有足够的信息能对气候变化采取行动。</strong>随着对科学认识的提高，城市领导者对韧性理解的进一步加深，城市可以更新自己的气候预测和城市气候变化行动计划，但没有理由拖延气候行动计划。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">纽约市在2008年，纽约应对气候变化委员会（NPCC），这个在Bloomberg市长的首先号召下组成的一个专家团体，定义了“弹性适应途径”的概念，这一概念可用于城市的远期规划(http://www.nyas.org/Publications/Annals/Detail.aspx?cid=ab9d0f9f-1cb1-4f21-b0c8-7607daa5dfcc)。根据最初在伦敦的设想，这种方法要求各机构马上开始采用韧性策略，监控其运转，不断更新对气候风险信息的理解，并响应气候系统和韧性行动的演变。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">如果城市不从现在就开始采取行动，许多原本就脆弱的城市和居民将不得不遭受热浪，暴雨和由于海平面上升带来的洪水等等严重灾害。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">第二个重要举措是横跨整个都市区进行规划。</strong>在应对气候变化的准备中，纽约市正采用一种方法——即将整个城市打造成“由基础设施覆盖”“的城市。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">例如，纽约市气候行动特别工作组就包括一系列区域交通提供商，由他们负责管理城市内外以及大都市区域的地铁、公共汽车、铁路的运营。这一计划还必须考虑到对纽约市的饮用水水域，可能受干旱和内陆洪水影响的极端程度。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuUfCLBM0nuad1zDkpbUpic5Vmib0r5n5ibr2mBPEEibDqAsUQQcib8hXpq2Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.6640625" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、桑迪飓风后，Staten Island的纽约居民为了买汽油发电排队等待着。</em></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">灾害和极端事件并不遵循行政边界，因此增强城市韧性的措施不能受限于城市界限。相反，措施需要包括相互关联的能源、水、交通、电信、卫生、保健、食品和公共安全系统。以上种种，往往超越市界扩展甚至超出更广泛的大都市区域，包括国家和国际供应链。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">纽约市的第三个关键措施，是将城市决策者、基础设施管理者、公民社团和其他关键参与者与研究人员聚集到一起，共同参与，就纽约市具体的气候变化脆弱性和对气候科学知识的需要达成共识。</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这是因为气候变化对每一个城市的影响方式并不相同。例如，一些城市将面临重复和日益恶化的干旱，而另一些则可能更容易受到洪水或极端热浪的影响。科学家和利益相关方应该共同努力并且认识到风险所在——每个城市都是紧密相连，只有意识到这一点，他们才能够找到应对气候变化的有效方法。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;">致命性弱点</span></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">纽约市最致命的弱点，是在飓风桑迪中引起人们高度关注的沿海洪灾。目前，约有40万纽约居民和7.15万幢建筑以及大部分城市的重要基础设施都位于100年一遇的洪水区域内 ——也就是说，在任何一年，在这个区域，洪水都有1%的概率。纽约市的海平面几乎以全球平均速率的两倍持续上升，同时NPCC预计，在未来几十年，海平面将继续上升，这意味着更多的居民、建筑物和基础设施面临风险。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuQiabOwR2VoELC8kibaCZxCTqKYJgpQicasGm2BsDlh99pl0ejXsWQFH8A/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">图三、随着海平面上升，纽约市100年一遇的预测洪水区（以2020年代、2050年代、2080年代、2100年代为例）</span></strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">全世界的沿海城市都非常容易受到海平面上升和强烈的沿海风暴的影响。此外，更频繁、更极端的热浪，还有更多的暴雨，这些都是各地城市所面临的威胁。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市里关键性的基础设施系统受到来自能源、交通、电信、水和废物等不断变化着的威胁。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">其实这些系统是相互依赖的，所以在一个极端事件中，影响其中一个就可能造成连锁效应，进而影响到其他基础设施系统。</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">例如，桑迪飓风在纽约大都会地区造成了天然气短缺：水岸边货运码头遭受了损坏，炼油厂及客运终点站停电，管道被关闭，因此无法接收或运输燃料。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这导致了汽油供应链的主要故障，司机不得不在加油站排队等候，纽约居民的出行也受到限制。由于燃料短缺，救护车响应紧急事件、市政工人抢修电力设施、救援人员前往城市重灾区等等都面临了更多的挑战。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市里特定的人群尤其脆弱。例如，更激烈持久的热浪威胁着本来就有健康隐患的人群，如幼儿、老年人和低收入人群。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市韧性的投资</strong></span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">UCCRN建议，城市在打造城市韧性时应该采取组合式投资，增加城市活动可利用的资源种类。</strong>这包括全市范围内实施一些政策，如升级建筑规范、加固关键的保护结构、投资绿色基础设施（如屋顶绿化和生态沟渠），加强社会安全网络。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuZm8gI4yOKtFPoYO4FHk0TfXhCyJdwtIoGpjgsLGYnIKYXGU2RRFQOg/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.6" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">图四、城市气候韧性的组合投资方法</span></strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">为了制定具体的、地区性的气候行动计划，利益相关者和科学家需要共同努力，了解气候风险，集思广益，优先实施。这个过程应该涵盖城市人口的典型类型，包括最弱势的公民团体以及私营部门。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">巴黎气候协议标志着气候变化进入新的时代，同时城市正为新阶段产生积极的能量。早期已经采取行动的城市，如纽约，需要继续加强和分享他们的行动和经验。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">尚未行动的城市需要开始规划，并为气候变化做准备。一个好消息是，许多城市的领导人都承诺正视这些挑战，而且相关研究人员也有大量的智慧和策略可以分享并实施可以利用和分享大量的知识。目前，通过启动适应性规划和投资，城市可以做出表率，尽可能地避免危险的气候变化并适应这个变暖的世界。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/9WoUJib89BKdRGtPYydibQmbE7z2Guicibk9SiaZLcDWCcf0PdIFzwKOZrIK59ibZicMF0FNLLJatgNsibgvNDNmkatUyg/0?wx_fmt=gif" data-ratio="0.04375" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/lSdtKQZpgfVnbhYQRKYnSBuHVXfXbDZeHz7PA1suQ7rQKHyPDqIfjEKicAjmPFxL73CHCw7dr8twkeBbgTfjz3Q/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.05" data-w="640"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们为本文提供的免费下载资料有：</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1、<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">《气候变化与城市》</span></strong></span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuGnQF6BAgWo4x1Sz8VBwYohKDGsMyMbdzogYGC64mNzArdeMmnjqt8A/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.312274368231047" data-w="554"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuVK8le6hZI4oQQzuB3LImR1vNdj9gIdlR3mxiacKuEE0E2AibyYIKrTfg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3049001814882033" data-w="551"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuSUmu81s8ud3J9ooZR6G0GHBst9VGAsZxqEhdE6ZoapB2KRulOchSiaw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3247706422018348" data-w="545"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuiaZ03ibBzRicwIIYO7oiaZmylKzLoQsIciawz4uQSIkGZmiaG3UAyC6HSGaQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3452830188679246" data-w="530"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuaeXSX5BSzRlhWfbUDdUkr1SOiblcqg5BXQ3Uice8O9M1cWPhF34uOCUg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.3534971644612477" data-w="529"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle;" class="" src="http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9ibUBNToDqFAEV9DNE0nhWuVWIul2e3iaXibTBP37baX0nKVsO6fBUl6wMqDFXeJHSn6I0kuMuFHiatQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="1.298342541436464" data-w="543"  /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(95, 156, 239); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">2<span style="line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;">、《纽约韧性城市与气候适应性规划》</span></strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; 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box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">我们作为专业志愿者团体，秉承理想，帮助中国可持续发展。并为之贡献：理念与传播、培训与教育、实践与孵化。欢迎您加入我们一起并肩前行！</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">2014-2016 ? 转载请注明：<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  />源自公众号“一览众山小-可持续城市与交通”</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; " powered-by="xiumi.us"><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; 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