国匠城工作台

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                        <section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: white;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; letter-spacing: 15px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="letter-spacing: 3px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一<span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(17, 17, 17); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 19.44px; white-space: pre-wrap; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"></span><span style="line-height: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);">览<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>众<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>山<span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">°</span>小</span></span></strong></span></section><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;">SustainableCity & Transportation</span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" padding: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgba(38, 53, 73, 0.862745);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; padding: 1em 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background-image: url("http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/mee9Bdh9Tia9TACYZupTJ7OoMpkZpHaJm4Bf3pibXw06L3cCfiblQaXIZWCicsAINWGIlQrDaqPyVCRiahhjbOlLsfg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg"); background-attachment: scroll; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); background-size: 100%; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 12px; color: rgb(8, 8, 8); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">     编辑团队</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; border-color: rgb(8, 8, 8); border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">  文/ JohnMetcalfe,JulianSpector,FrancescaPerry</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">  翻译/ 薛柠柠(北京交通大学)  <span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">文献/ 苗青  </span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">  编辑/ 众山小  校核/ 众山小   排版/ 古佳玉</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="group-empty" style="display: inline-block; width: 100%; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"> </section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 38.2%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160517/mee9Bdh9Tia9ib3r1TkzsxUVrx2I09DdFRgMkx7LdTNIXCQHOeGntdia9N5YjPIsWYRjEchCfMia2ibAjdmVPyNUU9A.jpg" /></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 61.8%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="display: block; float: left; padding: 0px 3px 0px 0px; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; color: rgb(31, 156, 202); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">译者萌像&导读：</strong></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="display: block; min-height: 4.5em !important; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">本期带领大家看看最近各国的交通研究的新发现、新应用。美国一直走在城市与交通发展的最前沿，可是最近研究发现在交通环岛方面，美国却意外落后。则一介绍了各国交通环岛的分布，同时作者试着从自己的角度分析了交通环岛在美国发展滞后的原因。而随着交通新能源的风潮席卷法国，则二介绍了法国即将实行的太阳能道路项目的新应用。与之前在美国、荷兰、英国的太阳能道路所不同的是，法国的太阳能道路只需要将太阳能薄板贴到路面上即可。</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 4px; font-size: 8px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: 100%; margin-bottom: 0.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(8, 8, 8); width: 90%; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px; height: 8px; margin-top: -4px; margin-right: -4px; border-radius: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(8, 8, 8);"></section></section><section class="" style="text-align: right; margin-top: -1.5em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="width: 2em; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">请</section></section><section class="" style="width: 2em; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">看</section></section><section class="" style="width: 2em; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">正</section></section><section class="" style="width: 2em; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">文</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; font-size: 21.6px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px auto 4px; width: 2.5em; text-align: right; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 0.3em; height: 0.3em; margin-right: 2px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"> </span><span style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; margin-left: 2px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"> </span> </section><section style="width: 2.5em; text-align: right; margin: auto; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; margin-right: 2px; line-height: 1.2em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; color: white; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></span><span style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; margin-left: 2px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"> </span> </section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.8em; font-size: 23px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">则一、新发现：美国人为什么不喜欢环岛</strong></section></section><section class="" style="margin: 5px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ John Metcalfe     翻译/ 薛柠柠（北京交通大学）</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160517/mee9Bdh9Tia9ib3r1TkzsxUVrx2I09DdFR7794fY7If5TBDystqdpMm5KibYUx6RdXbw7wnicmjneXxwBj9ic4Jlq6Q.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、环岛的交通形式 图：nacroba/Shutterstock.com</em></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: justify; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">美国的交叉口是无趣的：多数都是车辆行进到一个停止标志，左转，右转，直行。为什么我们不像某些国家放弃90度直角转为使用可以让司机轻松进入他们的出口或者只是在自动的重复绕圈的环岛呢？Damien Saunder，Esri公司的一个地理空间设计师，最近开始思考这个问题：“我是一个澳大利亚人，在澳大利亚我们对于环岛的追求近乎癫狂！”他说：“在我现在居住的加利福尼亚这里简直没任何环岛，像个“环岛沙漠”。所以我开始寻找这一现象是只存在加利福尼亚还是在美国广泛存在？”</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">利用诺基亚的2014 here maps, saunder发现与法国相比，美国国内的环岛的确是缺乏的。与美国相比，在法国，乘车人会有25倍的可能性曲线通过交叉口。他同时注意到，美国的环岛在全国范围内不是均匀分布的，而是在某些确定的地方，如佛罗里达州（1283个环岛）集中分布，而在例如怀俄明州、北达科他州、南达科他州环岛的数量急剧下降（三者的平均不到50）。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">下面是Saunder的一些发现，他将其做成了看起来简单的可视化。首先，让人惊讶的是：在美国当你进入环岛前你需要面对数量巨大的直角交叉口。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160517/mee9Bdh9Tia9ib3r1TkzsxUVrx2I09DdFRibNclUZzI0UVpsgKySZqcU3tEeuDskNFrKa6icrXfyxFIEKy3MfZfSbw.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;"></span></strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、美国每1118个交叉口中才会有一个环岛，而法国你碰到环岛的几率是美国的25倍，其它国家例如澳大利亚、西班牙、英国、德国的环岛对交叉口的比率也如上图所述。图：Damien Saunder</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160517/mee9Bdh9Tia9ib3r1TkzsxUVrx2I09DdFRXpNG061M28271DywKF6wBftaUCD8vGQOicL0fApznYynYBM1sr6ibeag.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、美国各个州的环岛数量分布：弗罗里达州（1283）、加利佛尼亚州（683）、德克萨斯州（487）分别位居前三，而怀俄明州、北达科他州、南达科他州一共只有49个环岛。图：Damien Saunder</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">上图只是显示了环岛的数量分布，如果你用一个州的总的交叉口的聚集来判断司机是否容易被环岛迷惑，马里兰州将脱颖而出成为环岛之王。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160517/mee9Bdh9Tia9ib3r1TkzsxUVrx2I09DdFRFEib304pGGAsibHrAjZU0NGFg8rbibDeq0Omq23ZQTsnVm9w8j7VI4EFQ.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、你最有可能在哪里遇到环岛：尽管佛罗里达拥有最多的环岛，但是在环岛集中程度上，马里兰州位居第一。在这里，司机最有可能在每363个交叉口中遇到一个环岛。而在北达科他州，司机要平均经过22806的交叉口才回遇到一个环岛。图：Damien Saunder</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">一些人认为交通环岛的思想是起源于美国。大家普遍认为，1903年，William Phelps Eno在美国纽约的哥伦比亚环线中第一次提出了单向转弯系统的概念。但是为什么美国在环岛的发展中落后这么远，难道其放弃了环岛的高贵的简洁性和已经证实的安全性了吗？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这里有很多可能的回答，Lee Rodegerdts说，一个国际的环岛专家（是的，他们的确存在，在波兰的交通运输工程和规划小组Kittelson & Associates。）说： “我的猜测是环岛的可能的福利没有被广泛的熟知，并且我们使用交通信号灯的历史很长。”他说：“这使得一些大胆的人们——同时在电动公司的一边和交通运输的专业一边——使得第一个安装成功，因为他们在那里的冒险行为，他们将赢得许多信用”这个大胆应该在第一世纪或者第二世纪在美国范围内广泛的重复，伴随着怀疑的声音：“好吧，尽管在那里行的通，但是在这里将不会有效果。”</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">Rodegerdts 对Saunder对于美国交叉口数量的研究提出了异议。他认为由于定义的不同，在Saunder的分析和交通运输的专家之间的分析是存在偏差的。Saunder使用Nokia的对于环岛的术语描述是“临近的圈有一致的单向交通流……这控制了从相交道路上汇入的交通流”同时直径（在大多数案例中）多比8英尺宽。Rodegerdts更倾向于使用美国国家公路研究合作计划中给出的工程定义。在2013年，他粗略估计在美国有3200个环岛；saunder 在2014年上升到10341个。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“在德克萨斯州有相当少的真正的交叉口，例如，在弗罗里达州的大部分环形交叉口在入口处都在环形道路范围内使用停车标志或者停车让行标志，在交叉口处接受的惯例。” Rodegerdts说。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160517/mee9Bdh9Tia9ib3r1TkzsxUVrx2I09DdFRKO6AMWvl1uao4RpjKP1tlTWLej3Q6F16MCWf8QegE8Ccq5CrMtaJDQ.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五、Lee Rodegerdts计划对环岛使用更加严格的定义后的地图</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">使用对环岛更加严格的定义只会使得美国与其他国家之间的环岛的差距加大。美国的较晚的开始将会部分批评指责。在19世纪60年代，英国有被认为是“现代的”环岛。而根据环岛美国，在1990年，美国才在1990年在拉斯维加斯的一小块区域建立它第一个环岛。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">“所以一些不同是因为较长的历史” Rodegerdts说。“我相信在数量上的不同也可能由于在公共基础设施投资上的不同水平，特别是关于强调安全的考虑时，与其他交叉口的形式相比，环岛的表现更加好”所以我们城市的经济将如何在世界的变化中成功？</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这里还有其他，更加有争议性的理论。“据说，环岛在英国盛行是得益于英国退让和合作的美德，”记者Stephen Beard说——他居住在英国——在BBC America工作。“美国更加激进和对抗的文化可以解释为什么环岛没有在美国被广泛的使用，”</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">但是美国人不应该为自己谨慎地拥抱极好的，转速快的环岛而感到不好，因为其他的国家同样落后。“值得一提的是，其他发达国家例如日本，很早就开始发展环岛” Rodegerdts说。“但是到目前为止，他们只有少数的环岛”</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; font-size: 21.6px; transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px); -o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px auto 4px; width: 2.5em; text-align: right; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 0.3em; height: 0.3em; margin-right: 2px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"> </span><span style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; margin-left: 2px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"> </span> </section><section style="width: 2.5em; text-align: right; margin: auto; line-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; margin-right: 2px; line-height: 1.2em; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; color: white; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);" class=""><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</section></span><span style="width: 0.6em; height: 0.6em; margin-left: 2px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"> </span> </section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: black; display: inline-block; padding: 0px 0.8em; font-size: 23px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">则二、新研究：法国即将拥有太阳能驱动的道路</strong></section></section><section class="" style="margin: 5px 0px 0px; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Julian Spector    翻译/ 薛柠柠（北京交通大学）</section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">在未来的5年中，法国计划在现存道路上装薄板为路灯和家庭供能。</strong></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160517/mee9Bdh9Tia9ib3r1TkzsxUVrx2I09DdFRxnd5ETic8u7eUsxiaWOpjFn8ydVXLFthZarE2ibXfOUj0mwmICFI3vveg.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图六、太阳能道路的示意图。图：Colas / Joachim Bertrand</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">据Global Construction Review 报道在未来的5年中，法国计划修建1000千米的有太阳能薄板的道路。这是一个极具野心的目标，但不是实现不了的，因为技术已经成熟：叫做wattway的7-毫米——厚的趋光薄板，由法国交通基础设施建设公司Colas生产。这些薄板可以粘合到现存道路的表面从太阳吸取能量，同时对于小汽车和货车通过它提供足够的掌控。Colas说一千米足够供给拥有5000人的城市公共照明，同时20平方米的Wattway（太阳能薄板）足够供给一个法国家庭的电能。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这个项目是日益兴起的城镇创新潮流之一。爱达荷州一对夫妇募集到了超过2百万美金来发展他们自己的智慧太阳能薄板道路表层的研究（他们的薄板由程序可控的LED灯光和融化雪的加热装置组成。荷兰的克罗默尼的太阳能道路项目，是一个真正意义上的有太阳能薄板的自行车道，在试验阶段产生了比预期更多的电能。英国使用了相反的方式，寻找可以将电能转化来给行进中的电动车充电的道路。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">法国的成就相对于其他几种方法提供了一个可行的优势：它能够很容易地装在现有的道路上，避免了新建道路所需的费用。即使这项技术不会比传统的太阳能发电更便宜，这依然将是一个利用土地的有效方式。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">与之前的研究相比，法国这项改进的投资将向全世界展现，如何在更大规模下进行太阳能道路的建设，以及现实世界中驾驶的损耗将如何影响薄板。如果下面装有wattway的路面需要维修，需要将太阳能薄板挖起吗？随着几个相似技术的不同版本的投入使用，具有可持续发展意识的城市将在降低费用和差异化每种方式的强势和弱势的友好竞争中获益。谁需要一个太阳国王？什么时候你将拥有太阳道路？让我们拭目以待。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160517/mee9Bdh9Tia9ib3r1TkzsxUVrx2I09DdFR1Pom2Yovb5HJprHncUHzOK0fbB2vlaMc9TD3NkPVUgicIBBnvz7RYYQ.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(70, 69, 69); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图七、太阳能道路面板铺装的示意图。图：Colas / Joachim Bertrand</strong></em></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="height: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(95, 156, 239);"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160517/mee9Bdh9Tia9TACYZupTJ7OoMpkZpHaJmNxCUmqwicVXkydgT3PQLIqTicpmia0SngUXZnD3NqlW8UTGdA1ibHulZ9A.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="color: rgb(11, 131, 171); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">购买年刊，请点击阅读原文......</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; text-align: center;  box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2.2em; height: 2.2em; border: 0.12em solid rgb(225, 224, 224); border-radius: 50%; margin: auto; padding-top: 0.5em; box-shadow: rgb(194, 190, 190) 0px 0.2em 0.2em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 100%; margin-top: -1.7em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1.2em; height: 1.2em; margin: -0.5em auto; border: 0.1em solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 0.45098); border-radius: 50%; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);"></section></section><section class="" style=" transform: rotate(45deg); -webkit-transform: rotate(45deg); -moz-transform: rotate(45deg); -o-transform: rotate(45deg); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.5em; height: 2.5em; border-left-width: 0.1em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-top-width: 0.1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0.3em auto; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -2.9em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.5em; height: 0.5em; display: inline-block; margin: auto auto -1em; vertical-align: middle; box-sizing: border-box; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></section></section><section class="" style="margin-top: 1.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-radius: 0.5em; padding: 1em; margin-top: -1.5em; border: 0.1em solid rgb(204, 204, 204); height: auto !important; width: 100%;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160517/mee9Bdh9Tia9TACYZupTJ7OoMpkZpHaJm2RdIYV1DXm3QzHKVlFpnD580URlibzXiaic8uLuXjuG1jsspiaIXsDCO2w.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160517/mee9Bdh9Tia9ib3r1TkzsxUVrx2I09DdFR0P9j15z24hm85DX6jDI0YVgcHY2ibstHryXmrzH9fCGrHdGJ7xicpNgw.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">「 欢迎投稿 」</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; font-size: 12px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">我们作为专业志愿者团体，秉承理想，帮助中国可持续发展。并为之贡献：理念与传播、培训与教育、实践与孵化。欢迎您加入我们一起并肩前行！</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box;">2014-2016 ? 转载请注明：<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  />源自公众号“一览众山小-可持续城市与交通”</section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="   box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;  box-sizing: border-box; "><img src="http://up.upnews.cn/images/20160517/mee9Bdh9Tia9TACYZupTJ7OoMpkZpHaJmAHicUc2jA3Cwk4urpgoqGk0FDx8AM5n51LmsicYVMWEGJOZLxiaFXVhSw.jpg" /></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="   box-sizing: border-box; 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