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                        <h2 class="rich_media_title" style="margin-bottom: 14px; padding-bottom: 10px; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.4; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 235); white-space: normal; widows: auto;"></h2><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding-bottom: 1.2em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-top-width: 2px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: -13px; margin-bottom: -13px; margin-left: 100.5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-left: 4.04688px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 27px; height: 27px; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; transform: rotate(45deg); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 27px; height: 27px; border-right-width: 2px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section style="margin: 1px auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 22px; height: 22px; border: 2px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 1px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 16px; height: 16px; border: 1px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 1px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; border-right-width: 12px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); word-wrap: break-word !important; border-top-width: 12px !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="hacking" style="margin-top: -50px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> </section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 2px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); border-radius: 0.8em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 2px dotted rgb(21, 149, 121); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">城市空间一直是城市地理学和城市规划的核心要素之一。伴随着工业化的进程，城市空间经历了理想空间—功能空间—<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">人文空间—可持续综合空间的发展，在“互联网+”时代，社会组织又呈现出自组织、扁平、多元和碎片化的趋势。作者</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">陈虹</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，广州市城市规划设计所</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">刘雨菡</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; text-indent: 0px; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在《规划师》2016年第4期撰文，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">文章在梳</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">理城市空间发展历程的基础上，思考“互联网+”时代对城市空间造成的影响，认为城市空间的组织将会趋向非均衡发展，城</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">市功能分区将进一步模糊化，土地利用更加兼容混合，公共空间将成为城市空间的关键节点；同时，由于自组织化的时代特征、</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">更广泛的技术支持公众参与及大数据支持空间研究，未来的城市空间尽管有多种不确定性，但其构成将会具有更多的人文因素</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">以及导向的确定性。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 670px; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="/image/20160511/mOaax8liaicpxBiaplOtWmlgs3KIqrbloyhRs6NlNicY8LGfws1YE9y1StolyC5WTb3BaqYf4NyP2jqXyoibj71Ds3g.png" /></section><section class="" style="margin-top: -0.8em; padding: 0.3em 0.5em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-radius: 0.5em 0.5em 0px 0px; text-align: center; width: 670px; color: white; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(21, 149, 121);"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“互联网+”时代对城市空间的<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">影响</span></strong></section></section><section class="" style="padding: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); border-radius: 0px 0px 0.5em 0.5em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">1</strong></section></section><section style="padding-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">城市空间组织的非均衡发展</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 648px; border: 2px dashed rgb(192, 200, 209); word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“互联网+”时代是以信息技术的<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">广泛应用为基础的。早在20 世纪80</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">年代就有学者关注到信息技术对城市空</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">间集聚—分散的影响，认为信息技术</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">弱化了空间相互作用与距离之间的关</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">系，工业时代的地理学规律—“集</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">聚—扩散过程遵循空间距离递减规律”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在信息时代的适用性下降，凯姆克罗斯</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(Caimcross) 就此提出了“距离已死”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的观点。陈曦、翟国方认为，信息技术</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">将使城市空间结构发展呈现出集聚与扩</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">散并存的非均衡的态势，一方面，高层</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">管理机构加速向中心城市集中，进一步</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">强化和扩充城市的功能及作用；另一方</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">面，由于互联网极大地提高了城市各种</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">功能的区位自由度和空间相互作用，从</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">而导致经济运行对空间依赖程度逐步降</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">低，使得制造业从城市中分离出来，形</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">成研发中心、产业园区等。赵渺希等</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">人整理了分散说学派与重组说学派对信</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">息时代城市形式的比较，分散说学派认</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">为在互联网时代，经济社会活动日益依</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">赖于信息网络进行，在很大程度上削减</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">了距离的障碍，区位的影响力被削弱，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">城市圈层的发展格局被打破并形成多中</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">心网络化的发展格局；重组说学派则认</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">为，信息技术对于城市空间组织的影响，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">并不仅仅在于分散了空间活动，更在于</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">支撑了中心区的聚集与高强度开发( 如</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">由于城市整体交通出行系统的改善，到</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">达CBD 的时间将减少。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2</strong></section></section><section style="padding-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">城市土地利用更加兼容混合，</strong></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">公共<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">空间将成为城市空间的关键节点</span></strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 648px; border: 2px dashed rgb(192, 200, 209); word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“互联网+”以“连接一切”的形<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">态实现了技术( 互联网技术、云计算、物</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">联网及大数据技术等)、场景、参与者( 人、</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">物、机构、平台、行业及系统) 的瞬间联</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">系，“互联网+”表示的含义为互联网</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">可以与一切行业发生关系，首当其冲的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">就是零售业、媒体和广告业，这些行业</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">与互联网的关联最紧密，受冲击也最厉</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">害；其次波及餐饮、旅游、教育及医疗</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">等行业，这些行业与居民生活联系密切；</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">最后，“互联网+”将涉及更为“沉重”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的行业，如房地产、能源、金融和批发</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">商业等形成了一个新的经济生活形态。</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">首先，伴随着工业生产的高级化，<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">尤其是以知识生产为主的空间组合在地</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">域上的分散化分布，成片工业区的生产</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">模式将被取代，“工厂已经不再是一个</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">区域，而变成了全球网络。产品不再由</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一个工厂生产，而是全球生产”。</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">其次，生产领域和流通领域逐渐模</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">糊，居住空间与就业空间兼容。随着居</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">家办公、远程服务和电子商务的普及，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">以及城市基础设施和公共服务设施网络</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的智能化连接，供需方可以很好地解决</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">信息不对称的问题，生产者与消费者之</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">间可直接形成信息反馈，在产品交换过</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">程中，原有商业的中介功能只需要通过</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">互联网即可瞬间完成，实现了生产和销</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">售的一体化；由于人的工作动机由主要</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">基于经济利益的单一考虑转变为经济、</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">社会和文化因素并重的综合考虑，城市</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的生产功能和流通功能( 商业空间) 的兼</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">容化也将越来越突出，工作、娱乐、生</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">活及休闲的场所边界和空间概念变得更</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">加模糊，城市功能空间更多的转化为相</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">互依赖与融合发展的关系。</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">最后，城市公共空间( 包括城市中</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">心区、商业区和绿地广场在内的广义的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">城市公共空间) 将成为城市空间的关键节</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">点。凯文·林奇(Kevin Lynch) 曾经讲过，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“城市是集体历史和思想的庞大记忆系</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">统”；美国社会学家帕克指出：“城市，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">它是一种心理状态，是各种礼俗和传统</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">构成的整体，是这些礼俗中所包含，并</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">随传统而流传的那些统一思想和感情所</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">构成的整体。换言之，城市绝非简单的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">物质现象，绝非简单的人工构筑物。城</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">市已同其居民们的各种重要活动密切地</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">联系在一起，它是自然的产物，而尤其</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">是人类属性的产物。”“通过互联网使</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">人们离开网络、回归生活”，这是混合</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">型社交网络先驱Meetup.com 的营销口</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">号，人们以社会交流为目的聚拢在一起，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">是智慧城市的真正应用。公共空间对于</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">城市的重要性不仅在于它的实体特征形</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">态在城市空间形态中的作用，还在于它</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">使人们在空间的体验过程中产生特定的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">感知和记忆，正是这些记忆的集合形成</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">了空间的整体意象，使人能与空间产生</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">超越物质环境的深层次联系，并进一</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">步成为文化和精神价值的承载物。因此，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在“互联网+”时代，尽管生活、生产的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">空间已模糊，但以体验为空间特性的公</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">共空间的重要性将不断加强，它将成为</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">装载城市事件、体验交往需求的容器。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">3</strong></section></section><section style="padding-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">更多的人文因素将影响城市空间</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的形成</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 648px; border: 2px dashed rgb(192, 200, 209); word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">20 世纪60 年代，达维多夫(Paul<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Davidoff) 提出：城市规划师应该代表并</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">服务各种不同的社会团体，特别是社会</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">上的“弱势”团体，通过交流和辩论来</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">解决城市规划问题。达维多夫的观点成</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">为倡导性城市规划理论的先河，在此基</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">础上，城市规划的公众参与得以普遍开</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">展。但与互联网将公众作为产品推广乃</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">至企业精神的核心相比，城市规划在思</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">维基础上仍存在着明显的精英化倾向，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“互联网+”时代的到来，为促进公众</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">参与规划带来了新的机遇，促使城市空</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">间的塑造尊重人本身的活动需求。</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(1) 公众参与突破了时空的限定和依<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">赖。在过去，公众参与的入口是实体场</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">所( 公众参与需要亲自参与到场所中)；</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在web　1.0 时代，公众参与的入口是网</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">站( 访问参与的网站，向参与的邮箱发邮</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">件)；在web　2.0 时代，公众参与的入口</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">则转移到公众自己的移动通讯终端、社交</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">网络终端，与此同时，公众参与的传播渠</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">道也开始摆脱对传统媒体的依赖和对公</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">告栏等实体空间的依赖，通过互联网进行</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">扁平化、裂变式传播，并以建设服务</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">于多方信息共享及知识交换的参与共享</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">平台为新的趋势，包括信息交流平台和公</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">众参与平台两大部分，支持使用者间的信</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">息互动，且支持系统在不同的规划情景中</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">进行调整和完善( 图1)。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(2) 公众参与有了更多来自民间的力<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">量，影响了城市空间的构成。互联网时</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">代信息的民主化、参与的民主化及创造</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的民主化推进，改变了公众的参与意识，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">也改变了社会力量、政府力量和规划师群</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">体的组织、交互及博弈方式。“互联网+”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">时代，依托微信群、微信公众号、微博、</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">豆瓣和知乎等在线社区，社会自组织力量</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">大幅提升，众包、众筹及众创等小规模</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">自组织形式的活动大量涌现，在城市规</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">划相关领域，大批规划师、建筑师和学</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">者自发组建起关于历史保护、旧城更新</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">等社群，民众通过多种形式主动参与到</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">城乡规划和城市治理中，公众从缺少组</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">织的个体参与向有目的、有行动力及有</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">专业知识的社群参与转变，社群的力量</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">使规划实施由自上而下转变为自下而上。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">例如，广州在豆瓣上建立了“旧城关注</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">组”，关注恩宁街及周边社区的物质空间</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">和街区的人文情怀，反思城市发展模式，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">推动规划公众参与，建设讨论平台，促</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">成改造事件相关方和关注者的有效沟通；</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2016 年初，中山大学就地铁线路问题，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在其官方微信号中发出调查：“中大人，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">地铁十号线穿南校而过，你同意吗？”，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">该条微信被大量转发，阅读量达到7 万条，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">引发了地铁线路规划的广泛讨论。</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">(3) 公众参与的形式从需要公众的主<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">动参与变成无需公众意识的被动参与，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">城市空间的引导更基于对人本身行为及</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">其交互规律的理解。IC 卡刷卡记录、</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">GPS 轨迹、手机信令、带位置的微博和</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">照数据等被称之为“数字脚印”的大</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">数据，使规划可以对人类的行为进行大</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">规模、客观、连续及实时的感知、观测</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">和计算，这种手段在一定程度上替代了</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">以往以收集资料为目的的调查类公众参</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">与方式，体现了“感知即参与”。例如，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在城市实体空间研究方面，规划师利用</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">大众点评网的用户点评数据来研究城市</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">服务业的服务质量和空间分布情况，利</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">用搜房网的居民住房信息来评价城市居</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">住区环境质量和空间分布特征；在城市</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">社会空间研究方面，利用GPS 或智能手</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">机的位置服务功能，通过典型地区( 城中</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">村、门禁社区及大学校园等) 居民的出行</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">和活动轨迹来判别城市社会空间特征或</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">分异问题，利用微博文本数据来研究城</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">市的社区生活或安全问题等。聂婷等</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">人在对珠江景观评价的研究中，用新浪</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">微博的签到热度、大众点评的点评热度</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">评价珠江沿岸景观节点的使用热度( 图</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">2)，并对广州塔的评论进行了词频分析，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">了解公众对广州塔的总体评价，对珠江</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">沿岸景观的进一步优化提出了建议。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; border: 1px solid rgb(21, 149, 121); display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; border-radius: 100%; text-align: center; line-height: 1.5em; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">4</strong></section></section><section style="padding-left: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: middle; display: inline-block; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">更多的人文因素将影响城市空间</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的形成</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; width: 648px; border: 2px dashed rgb(192, 200, 209); word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">过去关于城市空间的研究，更多关<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">注的是城市物质层面，这是因为它们是</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">有形的，然而通过“互联网+”的产物—</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">大数据，则可以越来越真实地“看到”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">城市的重要社会进程。互联网推动城市</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的变化，它是研究城市空间、城市问题</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">不可或缺的工具。</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在大数据挖掘技术日益成熟的背景<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">下，应用全球定位系统、网络日志、社</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">交兴趣点、手机数据、浮动车数据和公</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">交刷卡数据等方面的技术进行时空数据</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">挖掘，一方面能够更为直观、精细地研</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">究城市空间结构的动态变化；另一方面</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">可以通过对群体活动数据与城市空间结</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">构匹配度的分析，深入了解群体活动对</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">城市空间结构的适应程度，为城市空间</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">结构的优化提供技术支撑，使城市空</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">间的形成有更明确的导向依据。</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">例如，在关于中心体系的研究中，<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">丁亮等人将伦敦203 万人、1122 万条地</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">铁刷卡数据在空间上以1500m 为半径</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">进行聚类分析，发现人流向多个中心集</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">聚，证明伦敦是多中心结构的大城市；</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">钟晨等人根据新加坡的公交刷卡数据，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">采用空间插值和汇总统计方法分析了新</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">加坡空间结构的变化，发现随着公交和</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">地铁系统的完善，出行距离和客流量都</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在增长，反映了城市的联系强度在加强，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">有地铁站点的城市枢纽的功能集聚度增</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">强，增长的公共交通客流量主要集中在</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">城市副中心所服务的新建社区，证明新</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">加坡正在向多中心城市结构转变；刘瑜</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">等人将以上海人民广场为圆心、半径为</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">13km 的范围划分为以每2km 为间隔</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的同心圆，通过每个圈层中出租车上下</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">客人次的差值聚类识别用地功能，发现</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">由中心至外围商业、娱乐用地逐渐减少，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">工业用地增加，证明了上海呈单中心结</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">构；张伊娜等人在对上海新城的发展</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">研究中，用手机信令的方式跟踪工作日</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">各郊区新城居民的位移距离，即居住地</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">与就业地的通勤距离，得出新城就业通</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">勤距离在10 ～ 17km，新城的功能仍然</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">强烈依靠老城区。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: -1.85em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 0.3em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: 0.3em; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgba(209, 197, 195, 0.933333);"></section><section style="margin-top: 0.3em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: 0.3em; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgba(209, 197, 195, 0.933333);"></section><section style="margin-top: 0.3em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; height: 0.3em; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-color: rgba(209, 197, 195, 0.933333);"></section></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; line-height: 2.3em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); word-wrap: break-word !important; min-height: 2.3em !important; background-color: rgb(71, 193, 168);"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">应对“互联网+”时代驱动的城市空间变化</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.3em; padding-left: 0.3em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">01</strong></section></section><section class="" style="margin-left: -1px; padding-right: 0.3em; padding-left: 0.3em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">思维的变革—反思“蓝图规划”<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">与“精英规划”</span></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0.45em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dashed; border-left-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">互联网是技术，而思维则与人相关。<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">回顾近三百年的技术革命就可以发现，技</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">术创新的原理千变万化，但对人类社会</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的所有影响都明显地指向两点：提升效率</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">和提高效能。尤其在“互联网+”时代，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">以平民化的构建为基础，以快速的反应</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">为核心，构成了互联网思维的基本特征。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">全球知名的互联网公司都是以建立人与</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">人、人与物、物与物之间更快捷联系的媒</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">介来获利的，如谷歌和百度使人能更加快</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">捷地获取信息、Facebook 和腾讯使人</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">与人更加方便地建立联系、阿里巴巴和</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">亚马逊使人能更快地寻找到更好的商品、</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">Uber 和大众点评使人能找到更优质的服</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">务，而工业4.0 则使人能参与到产品的设</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">计和制造中来……马化腾在对互联网“速</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">度法则”的认识中提出，产品应该“小</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">步快跑，快速迭代”，一个产品快速进</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">入市场，快速收到反馈，在获得反馈后</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">坚持不断的修正，就可以打磨出好作品。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">由此可见，速度是产品在互联网商业竞争</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">中存在和发展的主要手段。</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">与互联网的快速反应形成明显对比，<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">法定规划的程序性规定注定了传统的蓝</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">图式规划难以对影响城市发展的种种要</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">素做出快速、有效的应对，如从城市总体</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">规划的编制到审批的过程漫长，使人们</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">对其无法反映现实、无法有效指导城市</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">发展的质疑声越来越大。另外，尽管《中</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">华人民共和国城乡规划法》要求规划编制</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">过程必须有公众参与，但规划的主要参与</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">者、博弈者仍然是政府、开发商和规划师，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">从本质上看，以国家行政权力为保障的现</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">代城市规划是公共意志的体现，然而“通</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">过组织和公约方式形成公共意志，公约方</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">式就意味着注定有一小部分社会成员被</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">公共意志所忽略”，规划无论大小，终</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">将会对城市环境、公共利益乃至个人利益</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">产生外部效应，但公众参与的深度和广度</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">却是有限的，被“公共意志”忽略的可能</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">已不只是“一小部分社会成员”。</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">因此，今天的规划编制，应该从过<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">去的取决于规划编制者职业水平转换为</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“取计于民”，各类互联网平台为规划</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">提供了快速的意见收集与反馈通道，规</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">划编制者也需认识到，城市规划关注的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">是公众利益，利用互联网改变城市规划</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的精英属性，增强技术与价值的合理性，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">是未来城市规划的发展趋势。</span></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="margin-left: -0.45em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); word-wrap: break-word !important; border-left-width: 0.5em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 0.5em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.3em; padding-left: 0.3em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">02</strong></section></section><section class="" style="margin-left: -1px; padding-right: 0.3em; padding-left: 0.3em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">技术的变革—大数据的使用将<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">常态化</span></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0.45em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dashed; border-left-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">“大数据”作为互联网时代的产物，<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">已经展示出巨大的力量：对于城市规划</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">而言，大数据不仅是更多的数据，还意</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">味着基于海量、高精度数据和更全面的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">技术方法，将使规划编制发生变革( 图3)。</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在规划编制的前期，规划者能依托</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">大数据，准确地评估规划实施的效果，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">并通过对城市发展进行针对性的、直观</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">的展现，为各层面的规划预测提供基础；</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在规划编制的过程中，由于新增的数据</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">信息具有实时化、直观化的特点，有助</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">于解决规划编制滞后的软肋，为城市规</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">划的动态更新提供技术支持；而在公众</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">参与的过程，信息传播与搜集的迅速化，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">信息搜集与挖掘的简易化，使得公众参</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">与更全面，反馈更加具有针对性。</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">尽管就目前的研究而言，大数据的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">分析结论大部分为一般规律的描述，而</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">关于新的理论研究和解决实际问题的应</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">用仍在探索阶段，但是很明显，规划者</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">们已经可以用全息视角来获得城市各方</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">面的信息，大数据对于城市规划行业的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">影响将会渗透到更广泛的领域。</span></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img src="/image/20160511/j8bTq15u0mjDdCyRwKnD8EnkucqPegYdCJibeWMVia7zib7QbZibzHWicdaGGuFGeMEsEgGv9kcHPa2MISLnZdFdYHA.png" /></section></section></section><section class="" style="margin-left: -0.45em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; border-top-width: 1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); word-wrap: break-word !important; border-left-width: 0.5em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 0.5em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important;"></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 0.3em; padding-left: 0.3em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">03</strong></section></section><section class="" style="margin-left: -1px; padding-right: 0.3em; padding-left: 0.3em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-color: rgb(71, 193, 168); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;">策略的变革—跨界合作成为必然</strong></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0.45em; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 5px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; border-left-width: 2px; border-left-style: dashed; border-left-color: rgb(21, 149, 121); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(39, 8, 8); word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;">尽管规划行业已然关注大数据，基<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">于大数据的各类城市研究也已初具规模，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">但对于数据的获取却仍显不足，尤其在规</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">划编制阶段，规划对信息获取范围、时间</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">跨度、精确性和覆盖性等方面有更高的要</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">求，而对于绝大多数规划设计单位而言，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">规划项目一般很难获得公交IC 卡信息、</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">手机信令数据等官方或者国资背景公司的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">数据。这就需要规划进行跨界合作。</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-indent: 2em; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">跨界合作的策略变革，一是跨越城</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">市规划和信息化的行业鸿沟，需以规划</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">主管部门为主导，与信息化的主管领域</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">合作( 如工业和信息化委员会、科技创</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">新委员会等)，争取大数据资源在城市规</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">划中的应用。二是广泛地与互联网企业</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">合作。在以数据为王的年代，互联网巨</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">头利用自身数据优势介入规划相关研究</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">领域，将激发规划的巨大潜能，如百度</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">大数据项目组就用可视化效果展示了百</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">度大数据在春运迁徙、空间行为预测和</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">人群聚集预警等各方面的研究；2016 年</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">两会开幕，阿里云就在“大众创业，万</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">众创新”背景下发布了“中国双创地图”，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">大数据一目了然：北京堪称“全领域明星”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">云创城市，上海是“互联网金融之都”，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">杭州是“电子商务”“互联网+ 政务”，</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">广州是“互联网+ 教育”，深圳是“物</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">联网”……与互联网的“跨界”与“交叉”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.6; word-wrap: break-word !important;">将是城市规划变革的重点。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section><section class="" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 234.5px; word-wrap: break-word !important; background-image: url(http://img02.store.sogou.com/net/a/05/link?appid=100520091&url=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/Pz2NR24PxSGiaVmWbYZdvGUtnibKSRjK6ldYicg0b7sLibdsDFMfICQhmhbhaV7tPlhpaQc2dnaSLRGQSiaaCjr5FIw/0?wx_fmt=gif); background-attachment: scroll; background-size: 100%; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; word-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><hr  /><p>内容来源：规划师杂<span style="line-height: 1.6;">志</span></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;"><br  /></span></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; 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