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<section style="display: none;" data-tools="gulangu" data-label="powered by gulangu"><br  /></section><p><img data-ratio="0.134375" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohYic4cYPibbyIuL7mo9FSiaLW50CKnnSkGWPOODjJKPA2z8ZibaoTQpyfx0DchXnwovtTVmaDsSscQaaw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="640"></p><p><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.5562987736900781" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaeT4cicdOyAmhePUQuqSQnQHf2cmHONxzXicYJK0zLR3WXIHq7Y0Y4orIIdaFKlX1EVEtJ5eIlLpKQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="897" style=""></p><p><br  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-align: right;letter-spacing: 0.54px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">来源 | 广东省城乡规划设计研究院</span></strong><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="max-width: 100%;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-align: right;letter-spacing: 0.54px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">撰稿 | 大数据中心 王晓路</span></strong></section><section style="max-width: 100%;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-align: right;letter-spacing: 0.54px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">审核 | 大数据中心 马星</strong></span></strong></section><section style="max-width: 100%;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-align: right;letter-spacing: 0.54px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">编辑&播音<strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"> | </strong></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;">总工程师室 </strong>蔡焕仪</strong></strong></strong></span></strong></section><section style="max-width: 100%;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-align: right;letter-spacing: 0.54px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></section><section style="max-width: 100%;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-align: right;letter-spacing: 0.54px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></section><section><audio style="width:100%" src="https://res.wx.qq.com/voice/getvoice?mediaid=MzU2MzAwODQ4N18yMjQ3NDk1Nzg0" controls="controls"></audio></section><section style="max-width: 100%;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-align: right;letter-spacing: 0.54px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"></strong></strong></strong></span></strong><br  /></section><section style="max-width: 100%;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-align: right;letter-spacing: 0.54px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></section><section style="margin: 10px 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 677px;vertical-align: top;display: inline-block;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: -25px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-position: 50% 50%;width: 200px;height: 50px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohZ2ENMh835MSYNKvflu70dGvCuns07Zynn7lkOwMWPXVJN0UEYofrrfbNwXRZITibMeMDKr0YKd41A/640?wx_fmt=png");overflow: hidden;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-attachment: scroll;vertical-align: top;display: inline-block;background-size: contain;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 17px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 2px 0px 2px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color: rgb(158, 122, 88);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">规划FM·听书堂</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 30px 15px 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-position: 50% 50%;border-width: 2px 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(158, 122, 88);border-radius: 0px;width: 677px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/JARNncAyohZ2ENMh835MSYNKvflu70dG0Jf5MvIGXcxibOeWRp7Oba6j6ic3S7NSiageYbGPkvv8HrUibbpoJnvSgA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");background-repeat: no-repeat;background-attachment: scroll;vertical-align: top;display: inline-block;background-size: cover;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(115, 75, 37);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.8px;font-size: 14px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">每个行业领域里，都有值得品鉴的书。这些书有的是历经时间检验的经典，有的是引领专业发展的著作，有的是总结实践经验的宝典。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">读着这些书，也是同作者一起分享智慧。每每开卷，总像金屋打开一扇奇妙的门，离心灵最近。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“”全新打造重点栏目——规划FM·听书堂，焕仪请您听本书。</strong>朗朗书声，一字一句，让我们用声音联系在一起。</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: -30px;margin-bottom: -10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: right;opacity: 0.24;transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-position: 50% 50%;width: 100px;height: 50px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohZ2ENMh835MSYNKvflu70dG138PCy1rT4VCgnDuPtP8hfibFBRtUsDE97R5U0t9qfNc45kcKTu1ib9A/640?wx_fmt=png");line-height: 0;overflow: hidden;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-attachment: scroll;vertical-align: top;display: inline-block;background-size: contain;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.3353846153846154" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaeT4cicdOyAmhePUQuqSQnQ51lOghIicJZjVoeQntvMcG57Qup4Te33ZSiaC4qotb5RQQ0O15rWVgYg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="325" style=""></p><section style="max-width: 100%;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;text-align: left;letter-spacing: 0.54px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></strong></strong></strong></span></strong></section><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 127, 131);">作者:  </span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 127, 131);">[美] 凯文·林奇</span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 127, 131);"> <br style="white-space: normal;color: rgb(17, 17, 17);font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;text-align: start;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"  />出版社: 华夏出版社<br style="white-space: normal;color: rgb(17, 17, 17);font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;text-align: start;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"  />译者: </span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 127, 131);">方益萍</span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 127, 131);"> / </span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 127, 131);">何晓军</span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 127, 131);"> <br style="white-space: normal;color: rgb(17, 17, 17);font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;text-align: start;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"  />出版年: 2001-4</span></p><p><br  /></p><p><br  /></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">一座城市，无论景象多么普通都可以带来欢乐。</span><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">在《城市意象》一书中，作者凯文</span><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">·</span><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">林奇以三个城市为研究对象（波士顿、泽西城和洛杉矶），提出了一种我们可以开始在城市尺度处理视觉形态的方法，以及一些城市设计中的首要原则。</span></strong></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">书中指出，城市不仅是成千上万不同阶层、不同性格的人们在共同感知（或是享受）的事物，而且也是众多建造者由于各种原因不断建设改造的产物。城市是动与静的结合，我们不是城市景象的单纯观察者，而是它的一部分。在城市中，每一个感官都会产生反应，综合之后就成为印象。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(120, 31, 1);"><strong>城市意象讨论的是城市面貌，以及这种面貌是否重要、是否能够改变。</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">为此，我们不能将城市仅仅看成是自身存在的事物，而应该将其理解为由它的市民感受到的城市。</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">本书共分为5个章节，第一章环境的意象，第二章三个城市，第三章城市意象及其元素，第四章城市形态，第五章新的尺度。</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者将城市看成是尺度更巨大的“建筑”，需要更长的时间过程去感知，意象是观察者和被观察事物之间双向过程作用的结果。意象自身并不是将现实按照比例缩小、统一抽象、精确缩微后的一个模型，而是有目的的简单化，通过对现状进行删减、排除、甚至是附加元素，融会贯通，将各部分关联、组织在一起，才形成最终的意象。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(120, 31, 1);"><strong>作者在书中指出了感知城市的特点，并由此总结出城市设计艺术与其它艺术有本质的不同。环境意象的生动性和连贯性被推举为享有和使用城市的决定性条件。</strong></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">书中在讨论“环境意象”时，创造了可意象性的概念，即有形物体中蕴含的，对于任何观察者都很有可能唤起强烈意象的特性，经分析归纳，</span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(120, 31, 1);"><strong>将环境意象归纳为三个组成部分：个性、结构和意蕴。</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">个性即是和周围事物的可区别性，和它作为独立个体的可识别性，这种个性具有独立存在的、唯一的意义。结构是指物体与观察者、</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">物体与物体之间的空间或者形态省的关联。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;">意蕴是指一种关系，是物体必须为观察者提供的实用的或是情感上的意蕴。</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">在第二章三个城市章节中，为了了解环境意象在城市生活中的作用，作者对三个美国城市（马萨诸塞州的波士顿、新泽西州的泽西城和加利福尼亚州的洛杉矶）的中心区进行分析，主要通过让观察者实地考察并绘制草图、与市民交谈的方式发展和验证作者提出的可意象性观点。</span><strong style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">最重要的是第三章提到的城市意象的五种构成元素，即道路、边界、区域、节点和标志物，并详细讨论了它们的特性和相互关系。</span></strong></section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6192171" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaeT4cicdOyAmhePUQuqSQnQIiac3HhR4tCJ3iamCIpLMhIibEmIxOwictqupeal4ia13vMIpAsxaJ3R5zw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="562" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图 波士顿半岛概图</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">首先是道路，</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">道路是城市的骨架，就像是人体中的骨骼。作者认为，它是意象的主导元素，是人们移动的路线（公路、铁路、运河等）。寻找道路是环境意象中的最基本功能，也是可能建立感情联系的基础。然而意象的价值不仅仅局限于这种直接意义上，并不只是当做地图和运动方向；在更广泛的意义上，它应该能够充当一个基本的参考框架。个体能够在其中活动，在道路穿梭城市的过程中，同时整理其他的环境元素，建立相互关系，形成观察者自己对这个城市的意象。</span></section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.2652582" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaeT4cicdOyAmhePUQuqSQnQP7qQ2oLYdOvZ0DABkzRwylricdEGCRnLzQDYCezVyGWK6QHDpuJbiblw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="426" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">图 联邦大道</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">边界是除道路以外的线性</span></strong></span><strong><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">要</span></span><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">素，边界同时也是道路，和道路一样具有方向性。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">它们通常是两个地区的边界，相互起侧面的参照作用。边界的分隔作用被认为是需要重点研究的方向。尽管边界的连续性和可见性十分关键，但强大的边界也并非无法穿越。</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">区域是观察者能够想象进入的相对大一些的城市范围，具有一些普遍的特征。</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">人们可以在内部识别它，如果经过或向它移动时，区域偶尔也能重放外部的参照。它是城市意象的基本元素，决定区域的物质特征是其主体的连续性。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(120, 31, 1);"><strong>它可能包括多种多样的组成部分，比如纹理、空间、形式、细部、标志、建筑形式、使用、功能、居民、维护程度、地形等。</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">区域有各种各样的边界，其中有些严格、明确而具体， 有的边界可能模糊不确定，还有一些区域或许没有边界。</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">节点是观察者可以进入的战略性焦点，典型的如道路连接点或某些特征的集中点。</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">从概念上说，节点是城市意象中很小的点，但事实上由于研究尺度的变化，它可以是一个广场，一个车站，也可以是一个城市中心区，一条地铁线路。节点如同区域，有外向和内向之分。</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">标志物，</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">书中被定义为观察者的外部观察参考点，有可能是在尺度上变化多端的简单物质元素。凯文*林奇认为，标志物的一个关键特征在于它的单一性，在某些方面具有唯一性或是在整个环境中令人难忘。城市中的物质元素成为标志物，空间所起的作用重大。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(120, 31, 1);"><strong>其一，</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">使元素在许多地点都能够被看到，</span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(120, 31, 1);"><strong>其二</strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">，通过与邻近元素退让或让高度等变化建立起局部的对比，如广州的广州塔、长沙的国金中心、南京的紫峰大厦等。目前，这些标志物也是各旅游景点。</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">上述的这些要素仅仅是城市尺度中环境意象的素材，不是单一存在的，只有共同构成图形时才能提供一个令人满意的形式。不同元素之间可能相互强化从而提高自身的影响力，也可能是相互矛盾，甚至是相互破坏。在城市肌理中，所有的元素都共同作用，研究各种成对出现的不同类元素的特征，比如标志物与区域，节点与道路等。意象是一个连续的领域，某个元素发生的一定变化会影响到其他所有的元素。</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">第四章是城市形态，</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">期待城市完全的专业化是不现实也不合乎需要的，城市形态并不会是十分明确的，它具有可塑性和动态变化的性质。本章节，作者通过对城市意象中设计线路和其它元素设计的分析，强调我们分析时不应仅仅停留在功能层次和视觉层次上。</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="color: rgb(120, 31, 1);"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">第五章，新的尺度。</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">本章主要提及大尺度问题。书中指出，大尺度的可意象环境非常稀少，然而现实生活中的空间组织、运动速度、新建项目的速度和尺度，都使得通过有意识的设计来建立这样的环境成为可能和必要。但是，目前的研究方法还有待进一步完善，还有很多问题需要解决。</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">本书从人们主观感受的视角去分析城市和城市设计，我们建造的应该是一个可以给人们带来欢乐的城市。</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="rich_pages __bg_gif" data-ratio="0.2168141592920354" 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auto;right: auto;bottom: auto;width: 549px;height: 250px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;margin: 0px;"></span></a></p><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 20px 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 549.094px;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><h2 style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">点击图片阅读全文</h2></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px;text-align: center;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 549.094px;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(189, 189, 189) 0px 0px 4px;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU2MzAwODQ4Nw==&mid=2247495662&idx=1&sn=d7d6d1d15a14efe9dc72427740ea657c&chksm=fc626966cb15e07042937b66bf2fae0f7ccbbffd6d0d55aa7d8b2d32ceb2a1b00f5fcc201abb&scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="你已选中了添加链接的内容" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="1"><span class="js_jump_icon h5_image_link" data-positionback="static" style="top: auto;left: auto;margin: 0px;right: auto;bottom: auto;"><img class="rich_pages" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="549" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="250" data-ratio="0.4546899841017488" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/JARNncAyohZNxSoiaEBsVx1SLTo6nnVqSBd8zMe4eIEYUojcMico1Fycj2bk01QQ9XWcTOgJTQa0ZcVV1RDPqFcQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="629" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;top: auto;left: auto;right: auto;bottom: auto;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;width: 550px !important;visibility: visible !important;margin: 0px;"></span></a></p><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 20px 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 549.094px;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><h2 style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">点击图片阅读全文</h2></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 2px;text-align: center;widows: 1;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 549.094px;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(189, 189, 189) 0px 0px 4px;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU2MzAwODQ4Nw==&mid=2247495586&idx=1&sn=8ed26a3250d13ad37c3c361270646e09&chksm=fc62692acb15e03c8afe7a086ec781cc372f8416cc154ad941e9e138ca78565fb5b70b984506&scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="你已选中了添加链接的内容" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="1" hasload="1" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);max-width: 100%;color: rgb(125, 144, 169) !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="js_jump_icon h5_image_link" data-positionback="static" style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;top: auto;left: auto;right: auto;bottom: auto;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="549" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="250" data-ratio="0.4546899841017488" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/JARNncAyohaeT4cicdOyAmhePUQuqSQnQ1gJnCgfgOoxr4Hvp804B3ibO6E8VicnkyDILsPZkFaKnttB2nGic01FKw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="629" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;top: auto;left: auto;right: auto;bottom: auto;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;width: 550px !important;visibility: visible !important;"></span></a></p><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 20px 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 549.094px;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><h2 style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">点击图片阅读全文</h2></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 549.094px;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(189, 189, 189) 0px 0px 4px;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU2MzAwODQ4Nw==&mid=2247495575&idx=1&sn=613d610da5889a67dd38a9ebaa354a67&chksm=fc62691fcb15e009b93fa7106e60f8f11100222f00036fd5441df1468aa88401932526a6e132&scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="你已选中了添加链接的内容" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="1" hasload="1" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);max-width: 100%;color: rgb(125, 144, 169) !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="js_jump_icon h5_image_link" data-positionback="static" style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;top: auto;left: auto;right: auto;bottom: auto;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="549" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="250" data-ratio="0.4606741573033708" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohaeT4cicdOyAmhePUQuqSQnQfqO52Udibiaq2qdckA6YQAAfmZNnmCDFe7XwBkGlovFmWF6QUTYQyOmw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="623" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;top: auto;left: auto;right: auto;bottom: auto;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;width: 549px !important;visibility: visible !important;"></span></a></p><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: normal;text-align: left;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 20px 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 549.094px;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><h2 style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">点击图片阅读全文</h2></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 549.094px;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(189, 189, 189) 0px 0px 4px;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU2MzAwODQ4Nw==&mid=2247495457&idx=1&sn=d0e5e067ccd595d1d4736014c6e3c5a0&chksm=fc6269a9cb15e0bf83b74cea286e33e8951da00f4c34b11ad863fcd6393d6221070b617dff6b&scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="你已选中了添加链接的内容" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="1" hasload="1" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);max-width: 100%;color: rgb(125, 144, 169) !important;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="js_jump_icon h5_image_link" data-positionback="static" style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;top: auto;left: auto;right: auto;bottom: auto;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.4538216560509554" data-s="300,640" 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100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.5513029315960912" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyohbQwnXqDEcwbbxibnew5X4vickfcFLERdNX3B3c2XpQ2H1JWPPvXePEpGicb1Oh7jnBXWpeiasImaoBEA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1228" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;"></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section></section>
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