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<section style="display: none;" data-tools="gulangu" data-label="powered by gulangu"><br  /></section><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" data-backh="246" data-backw="578" data-ratio="0.4255555555555556" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/cmQT69AZLZJOxM8bD3oEJS8jdpBcwBuvE4KxwSQAtJHLCRiaic3ZjD04wHEZotfyZDJ4kTLAibgqcmbQYLk8H3tGg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="900" style="width: 100%;height: auto;"></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><p style="text-align: justify;"><br  /></p><section draggable="true" data-id="97598"><section><section><section data-brushtype="text" data-darkmode-bgcolor="rgb(117, 140, 249)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor="rgb(117, 140, 249)" data-darkmode-color="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-original-color="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15863220237526="rgb(87, 115, 252)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15863220237526="rgb(87, 115, 252)" data-darkmode-color-15863220237526="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-original-color-15863220237526="rgb(255, 255, 255)" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong>导读：</strong>新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19，以下简称“新冠肺炎”）疫情的大暴发引发了全国对城市公共健康的高度关注，解决城市健康问题需要城市空间策略的积极应对。</span></section><section data-brushtype="text" data-darkmode-bgcolor="rgb(117, 140, 249)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor="rgb(117, 140, 249)" data-darkmode-color="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-original-color="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15863220237526="rgb(87, 115, 252)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15863220237526="rgb(87, 115, 252)" data-darkmode-color-15863220237526="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-original-color-15863220237526="rgb(255, 255, 255)" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section data-brushtype="text" data-darkmode-bgcolor="rgb(117, 140, 249)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor="rgb(117, 140, 249)" data-darkmode-color="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-original-color="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15863220237526="rgb(87, 115, 252)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15863220237526="rgb(87, 115, 252)" data-darkmode-color-15863220237526="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-original-color-15863220237526="rgb(255, 255, 255)" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">在研究梳理健康街道相关概念的基础上，提出广义和狭义健康街道的内涵以及健康街道设计的定义，总结健康街道核心要素及其对公众健康的影响、对应的设计策略和相关政策要点。</span></section><section data-brushtype="text" data-darkmode-bgcolor="rgb(117, 140, 249)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor="rgb(117, 140, 249)" data-darkmode-color="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-original-color="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15863220237526="rgb(87, 115, 252)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15863220237526="rgb(87, 115, 252)" data-darkmode-color-15863220237526="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-original-color-15863220237526="rgb(255, 255, 255)" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section data-brushtype="text" data-darkmode-bgcolor="rgb(117, 140, 249)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor="rgb(117, 140, 249)" data-darkmode-color="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-original-color="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15863220237526="rgb(87, 115, 252)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15863220237526="rgb(87, 115, 252)" data-darkmode-color-15863220237526="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-original-color-15863220237526="rgb(255, 255, 255)" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">选取加拿大、英国、美国等国的健康街道设计报告作为研究对象，归纳出开展大量基础研究、构建多层次目标体系、制定设计指引而非强制性标准、多元化设计方法及多维度统筹协同等可借鉴经验，并将其应用于我国团体标准《街道设计指南》中，希望为推动健康街道设计发挥积极作用。</span></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><hr style="border-style: solid;border-width: 1px 0px 0px;border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);transform-origin: 0px 0px;transform: scale(1, 0.5);"  /><p><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);font-size: 20px;"><strong><br  /></strong></span></p><p><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);font-size: 20px;"><strong>健康街道设计的理论、方法与实践</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">作者：葛岩、沈璇、蔡纯婷</span></p><p><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">随着全球气候变暖、当代城市化进程及交通机动化的增长，交通事故、空气污染等已经严重威胁着城市居民的健康。近期新冠肺炎疫情的全球大暴发进一步引发了各界对城市公共健康的高度关注，以及对解决城市健康问题的城市空间策略的讨论。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">大量研究表明，多种疾病与城市空间属性具有较强的相关性，除了居住空间、工作空间之外，城市的公共空间对于城市居民的健康同样产生巨大影响。街道是城市中最重要的公共空间，从促进居民健康的视角研究街道设计的概念内涵、方法流程、评估监测等内容，对当下的中国乃至全球都具有积极意义，而研究的实践应用也必将对促进城市健康产生正向影响。</span></p><p><br  /></p><section draggable="true" data-tools="" data-id="97610" style="visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section style="display: inline-block;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section class="js_darkmode__pos__0 js_darkmode__0" data-darkmode-bgimage-15863220237526="1" data-darkmode-color-15863220237526="rgba(0,0,0,0.9)" data-style="background: url("https://static.gulangu/img/f0fe850b4316401789a31ca69d24037d.png") center bottom / 100% no-repeat;" style="background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/cmQT69AZLZJOxM8bD3oEJS8jdpBcwBuvIIbImEPeI1WsxchlROicJiaQN5Mqao7pqGCmnsWdBTkx8NcS3v2qTq6Q/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: center bottom;background-size: 100%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section class="js_darkmode__pos__1 js_darkmode__1" data-darkmode-bgimage-15863220237526="1" data-darkmode-color-15863220237526="rgba(0,0,0,0.9)" data-style="background: url("https://static.gulangu/img/45b986b758034645ad831ea734516d1f.png") center top / 100% no-repeat; padding: 6px 0px;" style="padding-top: 6px;padding-bottom: 6px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/cmQT69AZLZJOxM8bD3oEJS8jdpBcwBuvJKPiaMLzwkrzJhEEwPkID79en9HcjXbw4cZ7Y4fxmtbyBwTvuM7nWMA/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: center top;background-size: 100%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section data-brushtype="text" data-darkmode-color-15863220237526="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15863220237526="rgb(32, 125, 217)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15863220237526="rgb(32, 125, 217)" class="js_darkmode__pos__2" data-darkmode-original-color-15863220237526="rgb(255, 255, 255)" style="padding: 8px 1em;letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(0, 80, 179), rgb(64, 169, 255));color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;">1、健康街道设计的概念内涵</section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);font-size: 17px;"><strong>1.1  狭义与广义的健康街道</strong></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">狭义的健康街道，是指可以促进市民的身体健康与心理健康的街道。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-backh="398" data-backw="578" data-ratio="0.6893453145057766" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Ev6YOunONJM9YoIydaaemumINmMAicqaebbJtmdH8wlzYAIbZdcVqTia91IELmaZibEeYFAL3IV6NWibLQWF0JHXFw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="779" style="width: 100%;height: auto;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">狭义健康街道内涵</span></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">广义的健康街道，是指可以促进市民健康与促进街区健康发展的街道。</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></section><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-backh="426" data-backw="578" data-ratio="0.7374149659863946" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Ev6YOunONJM9YoIydaaemumINmMAicqaeSJOg7aIHd6NLKdEBRRoHe1Zdvw6yeEFe5AdqbF6GvCIdMBIiasibDkHQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="735" style="width: 100%;height: auto;"></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">广义健康街道内涵</span></section><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">健康街道的评价应包括两个层面：</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">第一个层面是“街道健康水平”，即街道促进公共健康和街区发展的程度高低；</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">第二个层面是“街道健康公平”，即街道促进公共健康和街区发展针对不同人群的分配公平。</span></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);font-size: 17px;"><strong>1.2  健康街道设计概念定义</strong></span></section><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">健康街道设计是改善街道健康的技术及组织的方法流程，设计以促进公众身心健康为核心目标，通过改变街道空间分配、完善设施布局、优化界面设计等技术手段，提升街道环境质量，鼓励慢行出行，促进市民运动和社交，改善街道公平，进而促进街区经济、社会、文化的可持续发展。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);font-size: 17px;"><strong>1.3  广义健康街道的8要素</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">8要素分别为健康环境、健康通行、健康社交、健康空间、健康服务、健康产业、健康文化和健康公平。8个核心要素中，并不是所有要素都能够通过健康街道设计实现，例如街道的环境、产业、服务、公平等方面，更多地依赖城市的综合政策。</span></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong>健康街道的核心要素、健康影响、设计策略及配套政策</strong></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-backh="507" data-backw="578" data-ratio="0.8774038461538461" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Ev6YOunONJM9YoIydaaemumINmMAicqaecl6nUW4aPaEITa4CT35pLYOefJxycVqLLaHXy1xvyVz5RXgQ6cHVnA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="832" style="width: 100%;height: auto;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></p><section draggable="true" data-tools="" data-id="97610" style="white-space: normal;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section style="display: inline-block;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section class="js_darkmode__pos__0 js_darkmode__0" data-darkmode-bgimage-15863220237526="1" data-darkmode-color-15863220237526="rgba(0,0,0,0.9)" data-style="background: url("https://static.gulangu/img/f0fe850b4316401789a31ca69d24037d.png") center bottom / 100% no-repeat;" style="background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/cmQT69AZLZJOxM8bD3oEJS8jdpBcwBuvIIbImEPeI1WsxchlROicJiaQN5Mqao7pqGCmnsWdBTkx8NcS3v2qTq6Q/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: center bottom;background-size: 100%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section class="js_darkmode__pos__1 js_darkmode__1" data-darkmode-bgimage-15863220237526="1" data-darkmode-color-15863220237526="rgba(0,0,0,0.9)" data-style="background: url("https://static.gulangu/img/45b986b758034645ad831ea734516d1f.png") center top / 100% no-repeat; padding: 6px 0px;" style="padding-top: 6px;padding-bottom: 6px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/cmQT69AZLZJOxM8bD3oEJS8jdpBcwBuvJKPiaMLzwkrzJhEEwPkID79en9HcjXbw4cZ7Y4fxmtbyBwTvuM7nWMA/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: center top;background-size: 100%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section data-brushtype="text" data-darkmode-color-15863220237526="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15863220237526="rgb(32, 125, 217)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15863220237526="rgb(32, 125, 217)" class="js_darkmode__pos__2" data-darkmode-original-color-15863220237526="rgb(255, 255, 255)" style="padding: 8px 1em;letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(0, 80, 179), rgb(64, 169, 255));color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;">2、健康街道设计方法经验借鉴</section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">为了研究健康街道的设计方法，笔者对国内外现有的相关研究报告、政策文件和设计导则进行了系统化的学习。通过关键词比对、内容比较和国际影响力的综合分析，研究确定了4份相关的报告文件作为深入分析对象。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">4份报告分别为2014年加拿大多伦多的《健康街道：设计特色与好处》、2016年美国的《构建健康街道指南》和《利博蒂城健康街道设计》以及2017年英国的《伦敦健康街道》。</span></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">4份健康街道设计报告比较一览表</span></strong></section><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-backh="641" data-backw="578" data-ratio="1.1092233009708738" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Ev6YOunONJM9YoIydaaemumINmMAicqae1rwzCXlfmBNUdMSU1ciazPjLtjLfKugrdic8VxKdc9kxFUWK7Tw8rc9w/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="824" style="width: 100%;height: auto;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);font-size: 17px;"><strong>2.1  系统研究: 开展大量设计促进健康的基础研究</strong></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">早在2013年英国就开展了一系列关于交通与公众健康关系的研究，并在2014年发布《伦敦交通与公众健康影响》报告。同年，伦敦启动“促进伦敦交通健康3年行动”（2014—2017），并在每年发布政策推进情况与实践成绩的评估报告。3年行动计划之后，随着相关研究的成熟，以及一系列实践案例的推广，2017年伦敦交通局（TfL）发布《伦敦健康街道》。这是迄今为止最系统和完整的一部健康街道设计指南和地方政策。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);font-size: 17px;"><strong>2.2  目标构建: 健康街道设计的多层次目标体系</strong></span></section><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">健康街道应充分体现“设计引领”的方式，以“公众健康”为核心，并基于地方背景和地区发展目标，构建一套目标体系。例如英国《伦敦健康街道》经历近4年的研究、分析和实践反馈后，提出健康街道的“1+10的设计目标”。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);font-size: 17px;"><strong>2.3  设计指引: 制定设计指引而非强制性标准</strong></span></section><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">因为没有任何设计方法适应于所有街道问题，所以在具体设计工作中必须“一街一议”，因地制宜地制定符合地方社会、经济和气候条件的最优设计方案。如多伦多《健康街道：设计特色与好处》报告提出的影响公共健康的“促进可达性、保障安全性和提高体验性”3条途径是相辅相成、相互促进的，而“如何平衡三者的关系”需要针对每一条街道的实际问题并结合当地使用者的体验需求所决定。</span></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);font-size: 17px;"><strong>2.4  多维协同: 多元化设计方法及多维度统筹</strong></span></section><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">在健康街道的很多问题中，设计能解决的问题是有限的。要交付一条健康街道，需将设计作为一个统筹平台，让不同部门的管理和技术人员协同联动。如美国《构建健康街道指南》报告指出，除街道设计师以外，构建健康街道必须有一个合作平台，让公共卫生专业人员、城市规划师、交通工程师、公共安全和区域交通管理人员，以及政府决策者共同参与，同时提出构建健康街道的5个步骤和健康街道设计的6E方法。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-backh="556" data-backw="578" data-ratio="0.9624413145539906" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Ev6YOunONJM9YoIydaaemumINmMAicqaeVN159dKYVUo9aM0cRmyDwv1IP7Dd9k7icKUiafTWCFBu8jLdJGiciamK5g/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="639" style="width: 100%;height: auto;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">美国《构建健康街道指南》提出的5个步骤</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></p><section draggable="true" data-tools="" data-id="97610" style="white-space: normal;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section style="display: inline-block;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section class="js_darkmode__pos__0 js_darkmode__0" data-darkmode-bgimage-15863220237526="1" data-darkmode-color-15863220237526="rgba(0,0,0,0.9)" data-style="background: url("https://static.gulangu/img/f0fe850b4316401789a31ca69d24037d.png") center bottom / 100% no-repeat;" style="background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/cmQT69AZLZJOxM8bD3oEJS8jdpBcwBuvIIbImEPeI1WsxchlROicJiaQN5Mqao7pqGCmnsWdBTkx8NcS3v2qTq6Q/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: center bottom;background-size: 100%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section class="js_darkmode__pos__1 js_darkmode__1" data-darkmode-bgimage-15863220237526="1" data-darkmode-color-15863220237526="rgba(0,0,0,0.9)" data-style="background: url("https://static.gulangu/img/45b986b758034645ad831ea734516d1f.png") center top / 100% no-repeat; padding: 6px 0px;" style="padding-top: 6px;padding-bottom: 6px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/cmQT69AZLZJOxM8bD3oEJS8jdpBcwBuvJKPiaMLzwkrzJhEEwPkID79en9HcjXbw4cZ7Y4fxmtbyBwTvuM7nWMA/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: center top;background-size: 100%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section data-brushtype="text" data-darkmode-color-15863220237526="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15863220237526="rgb(32, 125, 217)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15863220237526="rgb(32, 125, 217)" class="js_darkmode__pos__2" data-darkmode-original-color-15863220237526="rgb(255, 255, 255)" style="padding: 8px 1em;letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(0, 80, 179), rgb(64, 169, 255));color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;">3、健康街道设计实践探索</section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">我国地域辽阔，气候多样，地形地貌丰富。同时，叠合不同城市规模、人口密度、发展水平和新老城区情况等特征，我国的城市街道呈现出极其丰富的多样性，据此提出的街道设计方法也会有所区别。</span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">结合国外经验提炼的设计方法，将其运用到正在开展的全国团体标准《街道设计指南》（以下简称“《指南》”）工作中，希望能够为促进街道健康发展发挥积极作用。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);font-size: 18px;"><strong><br  /></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);font-size: 17px;"><strong>3.1  问题识别: 多方式调研识别街道健康问题</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">《指南》总结和运用了多种形式的街道调研方法，包括现场调研、公众参与、大数据分析与具身性调研法等。通过不同的层次与角度对特定街道进行调查，识别出街道在各个方面的问题与特点，构建设计目标与设计策略的现实基础。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);font-size: 17px;"><strong>3.2  目标体系: 构建健康街道设计多层次目标</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">《指南》将安全、绿色、活力和智慧作为建设健康街道的4大目标。每个目标下包含若干子目标，更全面细致地提出街道设计的方向。以安全街道为例，安全街道的子目标包括交通有序、过街安全、步行有道、骑行顺畅等。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-backh="394" data-backw="578" data-ratio="0.6812227074235808" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Ev6YOunONJM9YoIydaaemumINmMAicqaeoPWlXUGVibAj6Tu2kPbUMibsK3T3bVXW0GiaLLdeSdQxvicQxbqUgZA21w/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="687" style="width: 100%;height: auto;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">街道设计目标体系</span></strong></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);font-size: 17px;"><strong>3.3  多方协作: 强调公众参与和“一街一议”</strong></span></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></section><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">健康的街道设计既应包含以政府为主导的、自上而下的推动力，也应纳入包括社区居民、沿街所有者、街道办事处在内的街道使用者的想法与立场，以进一步监督街道设计工作、确保规划方向的正确性。街道设计的各个环节都需要多方的参与和协作。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">调研分析阶段，通过访谈、问卷等手段征集意见，具体地认知与评估街道；</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">目标制定阶段，征求各方意见，在达成最大共识的前提下明确发展愿景，提出健康街道定位；</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">方案设计阶段，立足自身特色并挖掘本土特质，与各方一同探讨街道设计方案的合理性，促进部门合作以形成保障各方基本利益、体现社会公平的健康街道设计方案。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-backh="322" data-backw="578" data-ratio="0.5573366214549939" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Ev6YOunONJM9YoIydaaemumINmMAicqaeMr1TxuhTdzQFp5aiaGxoiaEsLuCJnOamDiayqnvHqUMKEHEYbV4ibH6DibQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="811" style="width: 100%;height: auto;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><strong>街道设计的全流程示意图</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(48, 72, 128);font-size: 17px;"><strong>3.4  评估维护: 共筑健康街道全生命周期</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">健康街道的建设需要长久的维护与改善。《指南》不仅关注了街道设计本身，也考虑了街道交付之后的长期工作，为健康街道构建健康的全生命周期。街道的全生命周期可以分成5个主要阶段，分别是项目立项、街道设计、方案审批、施工建设和评估维护，每个阶段都涉及多部门协作、多方利益的协调和多种意见的综合。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><img class="rich_pages js_insertlocalimg" data-backh="388" data-backw="578" data-ratio="0.6718446601941748" data-s="300,640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Ev6YOunONJM9YoIydaaemumINmMAicqaeXbc6a4drJia6HJvicicRy7j6yAnSibHQXKtx4bNXYO3GKPtKcd1q8bPV5w/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1030" style="width: 100%;height: auto;"></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">街道设计全生命周期示意图</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></strong></p><section draggable="true" data-tools="" data-id="97610" style="white-space: normal;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section style="margin: 10px auto;text-align: center;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section style="display: inline-block;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section class="js_darkmode__pos__0 js_darkmode__0" data-darkmode-bgimage-15863220237526="1" data-darkmode-color-15863220237526="rgba(0,0,0,0.9)" data-style="background: url("https://static.gulangu/img/f0fe850b4316401789a31ca69d24037d.png") center bottom / 100% no-repeat;" style="background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/cmQT69AZLZJOxM8bD3oEJS8jdpBcwBuvIIbImEPeI1WsxchlROicJiaQN5Mqao7pqGCmnsWdBTkx8NcS3v2qTq6Q/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: center bottom;background-size: 100%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section class="js_darkmode__pos__1 js_darkmode__1" data-darkmode-bgimage-15863220237526="1" data-darkmode-color-15863220237526="rgba(0,0,0,0.9)" data-style="background: url("https://static.gulangu/img/45b986b758034645ad831ea734516d1f.png") center top / 100% no-repeat; padding: 6px 0px;" style="padding-top: 6px;padding-bottom: 6px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/cmQT69AZLZJOxM8bD3oEJS8jdpBcwBuvJKPiaMLzwkrzJhEEwPkID79en9HcjXbw4cZ7Y4fxmtbyBwTvuM7nWMA/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: center top;background-size: 100%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;"><section data-brushtype="text" data-darkmode-color-15863220237526="rgb(255, 255, 255)" data-darkmode-bgcolor-15863220237526="rgb(32, 125, 217)" data-darkmode-original-bgcolor-15863220237526="rgb(32, 125, 217)" class="js_darkmode__pos__2" data-darkmode-original-color-15863220237526="rgb(255, 255, 255)" style="padding: 8px 1em;letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 18px;font-weight: bold;background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(0, 80, 179), rgb(64, 169, 255));color: rgb(255, 255, 255);visibility: visible;max-width: 100%;">4、结语</section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section powered-by="gulangu"><section><section><section><section style="text-align: justify;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">健康街道目标的实现有赖于健康街道的研究、设计及相关政策的制定。健康街道的研究需要结合不同城市差异化的规模、区位、地形、气候条件，以及已形成街道的物质、经济和社会空间基础。同时，因其研究是跨专业合作的全新领域，需要规划设计团队与医疗卫生团队跨界合作。街道问题是一个综合性的城市问题，其根治需要综合的手段，而规划设计仅仅是其中的一个部分。街道设计技术手段无法实现广义健康街道的目标，目标的实现依赖促进街道多元经济文化和社会公平等方面的城市综合政策，如上海近些年在推动的保护街道“特色小店”政策对于促进街道健康就具有积极意义。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">健康街道设计远不止理念及方法的传播，也需要管理方式、标准规范和制度设计等方面的变革。这也是我国在城市建设新时期转型需求的一个缩影。《指南》的编制，探索了目标引领、技术引导和管控实施衔接的工作思路。作为健康街道设计的实践探索，《指南》仅迈出了促进街道健康和城市健康的第一步，后续工作仍任重道远，有赖于各领域从事研究、设计、建设、管理的所有从业者的通力合作和不懈努力。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 15px;">本文来自：《上海城市规划》2020年第2期《健康街道设计的理论、方法与实践》，作者：葛岩、沈璇、蔡纯婷，上海市城市规划设计研究院。更多内容，欢迎至</span><span style="font-size: 15px;text-decoration: underline;"><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzAxNTMzOTc3OA==&mid=2651385309&idx=1&sn=586fd1d78d07662ea94b75a60edbd39d&chksm=8079d5b0b70e5ca62b4a40c7436ad2690c29406325cfb9e697b3b2ccca6e469f12c3b7c8f89c&scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="《上海城市规划》" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="2">《上海城市规划》</a></span><span style="font-size: 15px;">查看。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: justify;"><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><section 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"Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong>2020年学社专题</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">#国土空间规划# | #土地利用总体规划# | #国土空间规划下的村庄规划# | #双评价拆解# | #城市空间品质提升# | #城市密度# | #农业产业园# | #国土空间生态修复# | #土地综合整治# | #战略规划# | #城乡社区发展治理规划# | #农村居民点用地布局优化# | #慢行系统# | #资源型城市生态转型# | #主体功能区# | #新型基础设施建设# | #综合交通体系#</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong>2019年学社专题</strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">#城市更新# | #乡村振兴# | #田园综合体# | #城市双修# | #社区规划# | #创意产业园区# | #TOD导向下的城市设计# | #街道空间品质# | #绿道规划# | #国土空间规划# | #海绵城市# | #古城更新# | #色彩规划# | #生态规划# | #总体城市设计# | #公园城市# | #历史城区城市更新# | #规划实施评估# | #高铁与城市发展# | #三区三线划定# | #生态规划理论# | #双评价# | #公共服务设施# | #滨水空间设计# | #城市设计新理念# | #生活圈规划# | #创新型园区# | #村庄规划# | #产城融合片区规划# | #社区微更新# | #智慧城市# | #城市治理# | #健康城市# | #儿童友好型城市# | #智慧社区# | #产业分析与产业规划# | #郊野单元# | </span></p><p><br  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.5em;letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><strong>进入知识星球搜索相应标签即可</strong><br  /></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;line-height: 1.5em;letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;min-height: 1em;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.5em;letter-spacing: 0.54px;text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(255, 76, 65);letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">国匠规划学社</strong></span>是基于知识星球平台创建的规划行业知识社群，包含<span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(48, 72, 128);letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">每日分享、果小匠微信智能助手、城市设计案例地图、国匠规划学社专属社群</strong></span>四项服务，满足每一位学社会员在日常工作中的<span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(48, 72, 128);letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">行业热点知识、方案借鉴、资讯查询、案例查找</strong></span>等需求。经过积累和迭代升级，目前国匠规划学社发布了<span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(48, 72, 128);letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1600+篇</strong></span>知识内容，已有<span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(3, 72, 128);letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2600+</strong></span>名规划小伙伴加入。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section>
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