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<section data-role="outer" label="Powered by gulangu"><section style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 15px;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px) rotateY(180deg);" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/379nT9MA7fnqicpN7H350XTSaJV87ERdd4doZkIwcrWiaichRCYfPx6ic1E1X40BnC83NaO0q1bsicbPDgJ8Hu87CXA/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"><section style="display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px) rotateY(180deg);"><section style="display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 2px;color: rgb(17, 112, 243);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;"><p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">点击上方，关注我们</strong></em></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px;border-width: 2px 0px 0px;border-top-left-radius: 10px;border-top-right-radius: 10px;border-bottom-right-radius: 10px;border-bottom-left-radius: 10px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(6, 43, 92) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;"><p style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #062B5C;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">导言：</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">2020年伊始，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">上海空间规划设计研究院与《城乡规划》杂志、复旦大学空间规划研究中心</strong>联动，策划此次国土空间规划主题系列微谈活动。本系列<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">微谈活动</span>将持续从规划治理、经济发展、人口科学、生态发展、国家安全、地理安全、政府管理、公共卫生、信息科学等多领域专家视角，分享国土空间规划发展进程的全方位解析。</span></span></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border: 2px dashed transparent;border-top-left-radius: 100%;border-top-right-radius: 100%;border-bottom-right-radius: 100%;border-bottom-left-radius: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3em;height: 3em;border-top-left-radius: 100%;border-top-right-radius: 100%;border-bottom-right-radius: 100%;border-bottom-left-radius: 100%;background-size: cover;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/379nT9MA7fmbD0suL1knMq35IHicqsKunRMO0bGhEqibU2ibhonXibe7PGFInUwRb7GLc7VV6p9bXBnKW1Bsico82fw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");box-sizing: border-box;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <img data-ratio="1" data-w="196" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/379nT9MA7fmbD0suL1knMq35IHicqsKunRMO0bGhEqibU2ibhonXibe7PGFInUwRb7GLc7VV6p9bXBnKW1Bsico82fw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 52%;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 1px;border-style: solid solid solid dotted;border-left-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);border-right-color: rgb(13, 0, 21);padding-top: 5px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left: 10px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 11px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">本文字数：<span style="color: #062B5C;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color:#000000;box-sizing: border-box;">4092</span><span style="color: #000000;box-sizing: border-box;">字</span></strong></span></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 11px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">阅读时间：<span style="color: #000000;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">13分钟</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">微谈作者</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">龙瀛   清华大学建筑学院研究员、博士生导师</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">微谈主题</strong></p><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">我在2018年初整理了个人在日常的五十条观察和认知，不到一年，又记录下了另外五十条，不禁感慨世界变化真快，人都可以被设计了还有什么不可能呢？<br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">以下主要基于这一百条关于未来城市的松散思考，进行了一些归纳梳理，跟诸位同行、同好一起分享交流<span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">（实际上后来还有新的一百条，但是还没有整理出来成为系统的文字）</span>。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">在此先行说明，以下仅为个人感想，非严谨科学研究判断。</section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;float: left;width: 45%;margin-top: 0.2em;border: 1px solid rgb(6, 43, 92);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;float: right;width: 45%;margin-top: 0.2em;border: 1px solid rgb(6, 43, 92);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 0.3em;height: 0.3em;border-top-left-radius: 100%;border-top-right-radius: 100%;border-bottom-right-radius: 100%;border-bottom-left-radius: 100%;margin: auto;background-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 0.55em;margin-bottom: 0.55em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 3em;color: rgb(249, 110, 87);width: 3em;border-top-left-radius: 50%;border-top-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-left-radius: 50%;border: 3px solid rgb(6, 43, 92);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 1.5;font-size: 27px;color: rgb(6, 43, 92);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -2em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.8em;border-top-left-radius: 1em;border-top-right-radius: 1em;border-bottom-right-radius: 1em;border-bottom-left-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 2em;margin-left: 5px;float: left;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">互联网与技术变革引领的新时代</strong></p></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在谈未来城市之前，我想先聊聊在我们日常生活中的一些发现。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">随着互联网的快速发展，人类社会逐渐由互联网算法所支配与定义，有的时候甚至超越了我们自己对自己的认识。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding-bottom: 1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1em;height: 1em;margin-top: -0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 75px;line-height: 1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">“</span> <section style="width: 4em;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;margin-top: 1.6em;margin-left: -0.6em;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -0.5em;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">比如：滴滴作为网约领域的巨头，在短短几年內便占据了全国市场，想当年北京银建这一出租车公司深耕了26年，仅有不到三万辆车（约40%的北京市场份额）；利用GPS开车导航到河里的新闻在最近几年再也听不到了，当前主要由百度地图、高德地图等互联网公司，通过算法来定义、分配着我们的城市空间运行规则（希望互联网公司的算法不要某一天突然有bug）；</section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;height: 1em;float: right;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-bottom-style: solid;border-bottom-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><span style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 75px;margin-top: -0.11em;margin-left: -0.1em;color: rgb(192, 200, 209);box-sizing: border-box;">”</span></section></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">另外还有一天，苹果地图突然给我推送，说设置好了我三十分钟后开车去中关村的行程，因为它在此前已经偷偷记录了我之前的三次行程，包含时间、地点和出行方式，原來在互联网的世界，也是凡是走过都注定留下痕迹。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 98%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/379nT9MA7fnqicpN7H350XTSaJV87ERdddprzz6a9weP106IJYj04MWLaSGT7QKjr9RE5skl26n5QHjcDFQOqVg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg" data-backw="557" data-backh="371"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">而承载各种功能与各式信息的移动终端，也就是我们所熟悉的，手机基本上已经成为了人体的一部份，想象一下你每天早上起来第一件事情，不是检查两条腿在不在，而是赶紧找下手机看下更新；</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">地铁站的进站口写着“注意脚下、不要玩手机”，街头过马路時也能聽到协管员喊着“快过快过、不要玩手机”，这也是为什么iOS12出了新的功能，显示了每日的手机屏幕使用时间及其主要构成。</section></section><section style="line-height: 1.8;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">可以说互联网虽然促进了信息的传播，却也同时造成了大者恒大、强者更强的现象，甚至导致了一定程度人类个性的终结、偏好的丧失；在互联网的淫威之下，我相信未来会是趋向极化，而不是扁平的。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 98%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.3694444" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/379nT9MA7fnqicpN7H350XTSaJV87ERddZtFSeGib0L2QwCibicLGr8S5OnGtfQOGHYkey4x86IXopcjMicH67G1VPA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg" data-backw="557" data-backh="762"  /></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">除了来势汹汹的互联网，其他新技术的迭代速度也不容小觑，</section></section><section style="width: 2.2em;height: 2.2em;border: 0.12em solid rgb(225, 224, 224);border-top-left-radius: 50%;border-top-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-left-radius: 50%;margin: auto;padding-top: 0.5em;box-shadow: rgb(194, 190, 190) 0px 0.2em 0.2em;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-top: -1.7em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1.2em;height: 1.2em;margin: -0.5em auto;background-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);border: 0.1em solid rgba(102, 102, 102, 0.45);border-top-left-radius: 50%;border-top-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-left-radius: 50%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(45deg);"><section style="width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;border-left-width: 0.1em;border-left-style: solid;border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);border-top-width: 0.1em;border-top-style: solid;border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);margin: 0.3em auto;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: -2.9em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 3.5em;height: 0.5em;display: inline-block;margin: auto auto -1em;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><section style="display: inline-block;margin-top: 1.3em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;border-top-left-radius: 0.5em;border-top-right-radius: 0.5em;border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em;border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em;padding: 1em;margin-top: -1.5em;border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);width: 100%;height: auto !important;"><section style="text-align: left;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box;">比如：某大型互联网公司不再更新街景图像，而是开始了几年对城市道路的高精度测量，据说是在为无人驾驶做准备；</p><p style="text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box;">京东上有卖挂在眼镜腿上的小型传感器，看书或者屏幕距离少于一定距离就会震动来提醒，小小传感器有望解决人类的近视问题；</p><p style="text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box;">北京某新房收房，开发商给了一个使用手册，介绍如何使用智能家居；市面上出现了一款可以别在衬衫口袋上的穿戴式照相机，能每30秒拍摄一张照片，实现了针对个人微观尺度的生命的纪录；</p><p style="text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box;">苹果手机iOS12操作系统的相册程序，已经可以搜索图像中的各式物体，如水、护照等，说明深度学习已经相对成熟同时也走进了寻常百姓家；</p></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">不久后的将来，将因为增强现实技术使得虚拟空间现实化、现实空间虚拟化，人们可能分不清哪里是虚拟哪里是现实：过去都是由人去找服务，而如今很多服务则反过来找人，再想像一下不久后的将来，结合各式无人驾驶、无人机等技术，势必将对传统的城市空间标准提出巨大挑战。</section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;width: 98%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.562963" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/379nT9MA7fnqicpN7H350XTSaJV87ERddZc1qgynmGkV124ApI7LDrpMov0XpGQPG8XTWiaw6550Cs6PAv7OXXhQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg" data-backw="557" data-backh="314"  /></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">面对这样那样快速变化的时代，我们下一代的学习力、适应力更是超乎想象！有一次我女儿问我：“你知道无人驾驶的车么，我想开无人驾驶的车。我还看到了衣服上有很多按钮，可以控制很多东西，比如冰箱洗衣机等”；我更看到朋友的儿子一看到电视就想用手去触摸来控制。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">过去的前三代工业革命，有学者研究，当时经历者都低估了其对城市、社会与人类的影响，反观我们目前正在经历的第四次工业革命呢？未来就在当下，而我们正在经历历史，面对这时代日新月异的滚滚大潮，我们若不加紧脚步，怕是很快只剩下被淘汰的命运。</section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 0.55em;margin-bottom: 0.55em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 3em;color: rgb(249, 110, 87);width: 3em;border-top-left-radius: 50%;border-top-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-left-radius: 50%;border: 3px solid rgb(6, 43, 92);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 1.5;font-size: 27px;color: rgb(6, 43, 92);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -2em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.8em;border-top-left-radius: 1em;border-top-right-radius: 1em;border-bottom-right-radius: 1em;border-bottom-left-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 2em;margin-left: 5px;float: left;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划与城市研究的瓶颈</strong></p></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">面对这样的时代，不禁让人反思，那我们的城市规划与城市研究呢？</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">过去我们的中国城镇化研究，多是依赖于统计年鉴，终于有一天我认识了那几位编制年鉴的人，可以说他们的成果决定了全球如何看待中国城镇化！这样的统计数据一般不容易验证（试想一下我们怎么证明北京市有两千多万人？），同时存在着时间尺度上的局限，例如：城市研究经常使用的年鉴数据，一般仅记录一个城市一年内的变化或一年后的状态；</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">除此之外中国城市的市辖区边界经常调整，更是造成了城市统计数据的断代史（某城市统计局的都搞不明白错综复杂的城市人口数据），以这样大尺度、粗粒度的数据来看待我们的城市是万万不够的。</section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 98%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/379nT9MA7fnqicpN7H350XTSaJV87ERddV0q15S4jW7RBNm4ZDZPXHVvzfR1yO9uemXbKTuOgSZPLrccah69AIA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg" data-backw="557" data-backh="371"  /></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">除了基础数据的问题，中国目前的城市系统理论也与真实情况有所出入，特别是城市的定义问题。记得有一次去了密云农家乐，老太太问我从哪里来，“海淀”，她反过来说到：“啊，从北京来啊”，明明在行政地域上属于同一市辖区范围，实际上在实体和功能角度都相差甚远，甚至不属于一个城市。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">再加上近年来逐渐受到关注的“收缩城市”议题，让相关领域终于意识到，管理城市增长的同时也应正视更为复杂的城市衰败。总体而言，中国的市不是一般认知下的“城市”，整体的城市系统亟需重新定义。</section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 98%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.5" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/379nT9MA7fnqicpN7H350XTSaJV87ERddzJDqhZNk8SI0GmftA1IIPtMpT2tj53fia5ibChKticE8XbB4zcchrJgpw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg" data-backw="557" data-backh="835"  /></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">如今，中国的城市化走到了多个十字路口，除了过半的城市化率和下半程，还有收缩城市与一系列颠覆性技术。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">我们看到了北京市开始使用高德拥堵指数来考核北京的交通部门工作业绩；当前频繁、多次测绘着中国国土的是大公无私的互联网公司，而不是官方测绘机构；</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">青岛一个公司买下了万余个路灯灯杆的使用权，要安装传感器来卖数据给公安局城管局交通局……等等。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">互联网与大数据实现了过往传统规划与设计无法达成的高效与精确，电动车和无人驾驶这些新技术改变了汽车专业和交通专业的多数理论，第四次工业革命作用下的城市规划相关的学科又何尝不是变化很多，可惜我们很多理论、实践都没有跟上，导致了这么多年的城市化战略，基本与城市系统的客观规律不是很匹配。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">所以说，城市规划师基本上在过去的十五年没有涨过工资，是当时收入过高目前回归理性，还是因为其他？空谈误国，实业兴邦，我认为有几个人作顶层设计就够了，不用一群。</section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 0.55em;margin-bottom: 0.55em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 3em;color: rgb(249, 110, 87);width: 3em;border-top-left-radius: 50%;border-top-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-left-radius: 50%;border: 3px solid rgb(6, 43, 92);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 1.5;font-size: 27px;color: rgb(6, 43, 92);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -2em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.8em;border-top-left-radius: 1em;border-top-right-radius: 1em;border-bottom-right-radius: 1em;border-bottom-left-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 2em;margin-left: 5px;float: left;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">新数据环境的形成</strong></p></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">大者更大，赢者通吃，是自然界也是城市系统的恒定法则，大省会时代已经也注定要到来。正如我上述所言，未来是极化而非均衡的，第四次工业革命还会继续地放大这种差距，而城市也将面对更多前所未有的挑战。在这样的背景之下，大数据便成为了城市研究与规划领域的一大机遇。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">强调一下，我们接下来所说的大数据，其实更严谨的应该说是“城市空间新数据”。对于当前的大数据环境，我主要有以下几点观察：</section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 98%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/379nT9MA7fnqicpN7H350XTSaJV87ERddH1wIpibOdeVdeHpUSQsUiaCE1TdSc1O0gmpgylKtkgtskIIGXh6cPVnw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg" data-backw="557" data-backh="371"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2.6em;height: 2.6em;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;line-height: 2.6em;text-align: center;border-top-left-radius: 50%;border-top-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-left-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 1.8em;height: 1.8em;line-height: 1.8em;border-top-left-radius: 50%;border-top-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-left-radius: 50%;margin-top: 0.36em;margin-bottom: 0.35em;margin-left: 0.44em;background-color: rgb(7, 43, 92);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 19px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">★</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: -0.5em auto 0.3em;width: 0px;border-top-width: 1.1em;border-top-style: solid;border-top-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;border-left-width: 1em !important;border-left-style: solid !important;border-left-color: transparent !important;border-right-width: 1.12em !important;border-right-style: solid !important;border-right-color: transparent !important;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -20px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;padding-left: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;float: left;width: 1em;height: 1em;margin-top: 1.5em;margin-bottom: -2em;margin-left: -0.5em;border: 1px solid rgb(6, 43, 92);border-top-left-radius: 100%;border-top-right-radius: 100%;border-bottom-right-radius: 100%;border-bottom-left-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;border-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);height: 1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;border-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-left: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -8px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;border-right-width: 10px;border-right-style: solid;border-right-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);display: inline-block;margin-top: 1em;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;border-top-width: 6px !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-top-color: transparent !important;border-bottom-width: 6px !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);padding: 8px;border-top-left-radius: 0.5em;border-top-right-radius: 0.5em;border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em;border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 90% !important;"><section style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">首先，</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">目前我国大部分的数据获取与开放程度还尚未成熟，大多还是通过购买、合作协议、交换等方式，所以有了“大数据不开放，开放数据不大”的现象；</section><section style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">在数据挖掘部分，目前对于已有数据的系统化整理、空间分析还不足够，有的数据很早以前就有了，但是一直没有人进行系统性探索（我预计他们中的一部分可能会影响中国的房地产市场，目前的房价解释模型，很多难以测度的特别是城市设计尺度的变量已被理论忽略）；</section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -20px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;padding-left: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;float: left;width: 1em;height: 1em;margin-top: 1.5em;margin-bottom: -2em;margin-left: -0.5em;border: 1px solid rgb(6, 43, 92);border-top-left-radius: 100%;border-top-right-radius: 100%;border-bottom-right-radius: 100%;border-bottom-left-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;border-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);height: 1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;border-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-left: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -8px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;border-right-width: 10px;border-right-style: solid;border-right-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);display: inline-block;margin-top: 1em;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;border-top-width: 6px !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-top-color: transparent !important;border-bottom-width: 6px !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);padding: 8px;border-top-left-radius: 0.5em;border-top-right-radius: 0.5em;border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em;border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 90% !important;"><section style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">其次，</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">在城市数据处理与分析方面，目前主要还是偏向“小数据+大模型”的研究方法，所以研究中我们使劲折腾出复杂的模型，否则看起来一点技术含量都没有，而这样的研究方式也不一定需要使用到大设备，基本上我的两万块苹果笔记本支持了我95%的全国城市研究计算场景；</section><section style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">在实践应用方面，当前大数据让人们对一个地方的判断更容易，但目前多侧重于对城市现状的分析，主要是因为大数据进入研究与工业界才几年的历史，积累的还不够（相比而言，城市模型则侧重预测未来或对未来进行情景分析）；</section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: -20px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;padding-left: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;float: left;width: 1em;height: 1em;margin-top: 1.5em;margin-bottom: -2em;margin-left: -0.5em;border: 1px solid rgb(6, 43, 92);border-top-left-radius: 100%;border-top-right-radius: 100%;border-bottom-right-radius: 100%;border-bottom-left-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;border-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);height: 1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="border-left-width: 1px;border-left-style: solid;border-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-left: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -8px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;border-right-width: 10px;border-right-style: solid;border-right-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);display: inline-block;margin-top: 1em;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;border-top-width: 6px !important;border-top-style: solid !important;border-top-color: transparent !important;border-bottom-width: 6px !important;border-bottom-style: solid !important;border-bottom-color: transparent !important;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);padding: 8px;border-top-left-radius: 0.5em;border-top-right-radius: 0.5em;border-bottom-right-radius: 0.5em;border-bottom-left-radius: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 90% !important;"><section style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">最后，</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">大数据相关研究教育了规划行业的甲方，促使了互联网和运营商收割规划行业（因为之前的规划设计成本中很少有数据费）。</section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 98%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.25" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/379nT9MA7fnqicpN7H350XTSaJV87ERddFacicZ8j5fHOQT5cPRATp0OMAicEdwZRdibSDETwRqtdBhqBuSZ5ggrJg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg" data-backw="557" data-backh="696"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">不过随着城市数据的大量涌现以及相关技术的成熟，上述属于大数据研究1.0阶段的状态即将结束；且相比于多数仰赖谷歌这种互联网巨头产品的中小国家，我国因自身独立发展的数据平台，更具有无限的发展潜力。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">未来，物联网与人联网还将持续贡献支持城市规划与研究的绝大多数数据源，并促使建成环境相关研究的“小数据+大模型”朝向“大数据+小模型”转变，让数据能够更全面地支持城市研究、设计方案的跟踪，以及实施效果评价与修正。</section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 0.55em;margin-bottom: 0.55em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 3em;color: rgb(249, 110, 87);width: 3em;border-top-left-radius: 50%;border-top-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-left-radius: 50%;border: 3px solid rgb(6, 43, 92);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 1.5;font-size: 27px;color: rgb(6, 43, 92);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -2em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.8em;border-top-left-radius: 1em;border-top-right-radius: 1em;border-bottom-right-radius: 1em;border-bottom-left-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(6, 43, 92);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 2em;margin-left: 5px;float: left;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 19px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">新城市科学的崛起</strong></p></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">在这样的发展背景之下，新数据环境与日趋成熟的相关技术进一步促成了有别于传统规划方法与研究范式的 “新数据科学”，更多人开始利用新数据、新方法和新技术，研究第四次工业革命作用下的新城市（在此大力推荐凯文凯利的《必然》一书，属于新城市科学“前夜”的《失控》基本已经过时了）。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 98%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6657407" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/379nT9MA7fnqicpN7H350XTSaJV87ERddM4aXY2Lfd1iaYMt9Dmsf491PovWfAz5xEwTURe8nC9mSWiawNnJsuGfg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg" data-backw="557" data-backh="370"  /></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">所以当我国开始拥抱新的规划方法，并以为我们开创性地在雄安新区提出“数字孪生城市”时，不想在澳大利亚也听他们提起Digital Twin，英国期刊的编者按（Editorial）也正在讨论这类概念，这些都揭示了传统规划行业的转型已成必然趋势。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">目前我们的实验室（而不是工作室）致力于将建成环境研究与更多的新型数据、技术进行结合，同时也高度重视与两个学科的合作—计算机科学（更为直接地改善生活质量）与医学（直接涉及到改善生命质量并延长其长度），尝试通过各种渠道来探索未来人居环境的不同可能。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">在实践过程中，我们团队对于当前的城市大数据研究整理出以下特点：</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">首先在大数据于城市规划与研究的应用方面</strong>，主要可分为三个层次：涉及场地当下情况的分析、方案制定与追踪支持（包括量化案例借鉴），以及拥抱短期未来可行的前沿科技植入场地；</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">而在大数据类型方面，我们更愿意从城市开发、形态、功能、活动、活力和品质，这几个方面来对城市空间新数据进行分类；同时也自大部分的城市大数据研究中发现，当前几种常见的典型城市数据存在的局限性与潜力，例如：手机数据并非万能、公交卡数据预处理相当费劲、图片数据目前被过度忽视等现象。</section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 98%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6657407" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/379nT9MA7fnqicpN7H350XTSaJV87ERdd6nibRI7wl39EswesULtan9jqxuzwiaA0w81TRqw4ZrFM58a2mnrvN6SA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: auto;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg" data-backw="557" data-backh="370"  /></section></section><section style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">除此之外，我们也在尝试各种结合机器学习、人工智能等计算机技术的实验与研究工作</strong>，现阶段主要倾向于大规模人工来研究数据而不是人工智能（人肉大数据、人工大数据），以最近的研究经验为例，我们花了几万块人工把北京的街景图片都标注了一遍，终于体会到了互联网时代下的剥削，以及软科学做实验也要花不少钱的快感，才明白“有多少智能，就需要多少人工”的道理。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">其实回想起来，一身冷汗的感到，我们规划设计专业貌似没有完不成的任务，而我们实验室去年一个眼动仪的研究工作失败了，让我感慨万分。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 2em;">未来我们也将持续在“新城市科学”方面开展更多研究，将更多的数据研究与理论真正地落实于不同场景和方案之中，实现更为人本、永续的建成环境研究、规划与设计。</section><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: #B2B2B2;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">部分图片选自公共网络，版权归原作者所有，如有异议可联系删除。</span></p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">-END-</span></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 13px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">更多“国土空间规划主题系列”内容</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">敬请关注下期系列微谈！</strong></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 15px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(152, 152, 152) 0px 0px 2px;border-width: 2px 0px 0px;border-top-left-radius: 10px;border-top-right-radius: 10px;border-bottom-right-radius: 10px;border-bottom-left-radius: 10px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(6, 43, 92) rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-right: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 11px;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">依托复旦综合学科优势</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">聚焦空间规划重点问题</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">面向国家规划转型需求</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">构建国际前沿科技智库</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;max-width: 100%;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 33%;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/379nT9MA7fmbD0suL1knMq35IHicqsKuncMAG8HzTP94v6wnXicly6bxhwKte1UMfmUSBdKJFgWicTVnAukViaJtJQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="line-height: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-weight: 400;overflow-wrap: break-word;box-sizing: border-box;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;min-height: 0px;font-size: 15px;background-clip: border-box;background-position: 0% 0%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: auto;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(51, 51, 51);bottom: auto;display: inline;float: none;height: auto;left: auto;max-height: none;min-width: 0px;text-align: center;text-decoration: none solid rgb(51, 51, 51);top: auto;z-index: auto;visibility: visible;clear: none;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 66%;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;align-self: center;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;"><section style="display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(33, 147, 255);letter-spacing: 0.4px;line-height: 1.4;padding-right: 20px;padding-left: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;color: #6C738C;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">扫描二维码</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: #062B5C;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">关注【<strong style="color: rgb(6, 43, 92);font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 0.4px;text-align: left;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">上海空间规划</strong>】微信公众号，了解更多国土空间规划前沿资讯</strong></span></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;color: #062B5C;">微信号 : spd1905</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;color: #062B5C;">邮箱：spd@fudandesign.com</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;max-width: 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100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: 微软雅黑;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">更多内容，请点击微信下方菜单即可查询。</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(34, 47, 128);font-family: 微软雅黑;line-height: 1.5em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">请搜索微信号“”关注。</span></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(34, 47, 128);font-family: 微软雅黑;text-align: center;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 556px;height: auto;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="1" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" data-backw="556" data-backh="556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/J47xvAibNt7JJwWlvU1mOy5jVcBmsUFZibchUX6cpmrwbgEb2aOPs3yribZqdmrNtUzpJGsaKkiaNcCN39A87oDUDA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;width: 556px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(34, 47, 128);font-family: 微软雅黑;line-height: 25.6px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Email：@gmail.com</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Emaillist: BCL@freelist.org</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">新浪微博：</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">微信号：</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">网址: http://www..com</span></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-family: 微软雅黑;font-size: 12px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">责任编辑：孟庆祥</span></p></section></section></section>
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