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<p style="text-align: justify;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;"><strong><strong style="text-align: center;color: rgb(226, 138, 53);"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><img width="auto" style="width: 100%;height: auto;text-align: justify;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;visibility: visible !important;" data-ratio="0.08359375" data-type="jpeg" data-backw="562" data-backh="47" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkQ4HAvV9ywJiap7GH3SLsdGjAj3IZNKmdwUue2iaRgjAqtVyPMJymnW5UZMibUQCSuZpYU1G8lqSF8yA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="1280" data-s="300,640"  /></span></strong></strong><br  /></p><section style="white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="line-height: 25.6px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="padding: 0.5em;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;line-height: 2em;font-size: 1em;border-left-color: rgb(155, 215, 223);border-left-width: 10px;border-left-style: solid;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;box-shadow: 0em 0.2em 0.2em rgb(153,153,153);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.5em;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">为了更好地推广学者的研究成果，我们将不定期地推送一些尚未见刊的稿件的精华观点，以飨读者。本文为本刊已录用文章《美国鲍德温山石油开采地景观再生》的精华版，作品的发布已取得作者授权。欢迎读者指正、讨论。在此感谢在百忙中抽出时间撰写精华版的作者，你们的努力让学术论文的阅读体验变得更好。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">目前我国许多资源型城市正处于从增量发展向存量发展的转型阶段，越来越多的城市废弃地面临着土地功能转变。美国鲍德温山公园先进的规划设计理念和创造性的景观再生途径，为我国城市废弃地景观再生提供了新思路。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br  /></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="text-align: left;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 20px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 700;text-decoration: none;word-spacing: 0px;display: inline !important;orphans: 2;float: none;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">1  鲍德温山公园概况</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">鲍德温山位于洛杉矶西侧，用地总面积约5.67k㎡（图1）。自1924年英格尔伍德油田（Inglewood Oil Field）首次发现石油并进行开采以来，造成了自然环境的严重破坏：约2/3面积的自然生境被石油和天然气开采形成的道路、井架、发电厂等基础设施所占据，生态格局呈破碎化（图2）。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages" style="width: 398px;height: 488px;" data-ratio="1.2267002518891687" data-type="jpeg" data-backw="419" data-backh="496" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkSsCAGwwuCee0vdUAibH0gxzdqvAoFibHQQmdhN4fiaxg5CTcuwedlXShajCNRcmsdHfurJOh2YibldbQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="397" data-s="300,640" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkSsCAGwwuCee0vdUAibH0gxzn296QziaNicNgbkcibo1W2p0sq3NNyoZEovwgmS0QGosfQVzQXx7pd92w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="11.9288256227758" data-cropx2="408.56227758007116" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="487.5907473309608"  /></p><p style="line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><em><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">图1  鲍德温山公园区位</span></em></p><p style="line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><em><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;"> </span></em></p><section style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages" style="width: 100%;height: auto;" data-ratio="0.5537190082644628" data-type="jpeg" data-backw="484" data-backh="268" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkSsCAGwwuCee0vdUAibH0gxzpWepUws1wfDeObTsPSWICH8OWVyhXtxPbc693DMFogEqo9IVbLgHwg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="484" data-s="300,640"  /></section><section style="line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><em><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">图2  鲍德温山石油开采地生态系统破坏严重</span></em></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="text-align: left;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 20px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 700;text-decoration: none;word-spacing: 0px;display: inline !important;orphans: 2;float: none;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2  设计理念——“一个大公园”</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">鲍德温山公园于2002年制定的目标是通过可持续的方式建立一个动态进化的过程——用100年的时间逐步实现将该地区从一个民营工业区转变为区域公共资源。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">“一个大公园”（One Big Park）的设计理念包括联结、统筹和拓展三个含义。联结即联系东西两侧山脊，构建生态网络；统筹即整合多个已建成公园，完善娱乐设施，统一规划内部交通；拓展即建立公园与外部城市交通、城市风光和生态系统的联系（图3,图4）。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><p style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages" style="width: 100%;height: auto;" data-ratio="1.348314606741573" data-type="jpeg" data-backw="534" data-backh="720" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkSsCAGwwuCee0vdUAibH0gxzUNbHabibt8STA9nQFRnMVxxia2Zu29pZkBoN1WfExWibgR7khCBkxFNow/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="534" data-s="300,640"  /></p><p style="line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><em><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">图3  “一个大公园”概念方案</span></em></p><p style="line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><em><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;"> </span></em></p><p style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages" style="width: 223px;height: 330px;" data-ratio="1.4776902887139107" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkSsCAGwwuCee0vdUAibH0gxzL9ALDCUJTynfN01UgOOBbsWVHh81NfEO5L4QHfHEauhmZv1a564j9Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="381" data-s="300,640" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkSsCAGwwuCee0vdUAibH0gxzlDA3ibeOBXq9To3uCMaVdibhJ5Zb9icgicRLCQabsKIFpK8ic0zxzaAk6uA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="235.72953736654804" data-cropx2="616.6548042704627" data-cropy1="58.078291814946624" data-cropy2="621.779359430605"  /></p><p style="line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><em><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">图4  “一个大公园”策略解析</span></em></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="text-align: left;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);text-transform: none;text-indent: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;font-size: 20px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: 700;text-decoration: none;word-spacing: 0px;display: inline !important;orphans: 2;float: none;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;overflow-wrap: break-word;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">3  景观再生途径</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">首先是限制开发防控风险。鲍德温山公园面临的主要风险是石油和天然气开采对山体造成扰动引起的山体滑坡、泥石流和地面沉降。针对一般风险地区，采取“有限开发”策略，高风险区域则采取“限制开发”策略，以较少的资金投入使石油开采带来的潜在风险最小化。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">其次是建立栖息地体系。几十年的石油开采造成原有沿海鼠尾草栖息地分布支离破碎并发生不同程度的退化。通过保留现有栖息地、恢复有潜力的栖息地和建立生态廊道，形成一个有如“甜甜圈”的自然生态系统，使栖息地体系能够在低维护状态下按照自然本身的进程自我发展和完善（图5）。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages" style="width: 100%;height: auto;" data-ratio="1.3272394881170017" data-type="jpeg" data-backw="534" data-backh="709" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkSsCAGwwuCee0vdUAibH0gxzr40gEQfVeLeO4Z80zwECgQvDtMaRoHylJWA7F7icmyh5LiaNY2bDWFTQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="547" data-s="300,640" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkSsCAGwwuCee0vdUAibH0gxz40Ypnic0LTRzJZogPxBDAT5kYmw23wT7AyNfotuZmZ4KfB4xvoAqG4g/640?wx_fmt=png" data-cropx1="13.323843416370106" data-cropx2="560.626334519573" data-cropy1="13.323843416370106" data-cropy2="739.9857651245552"  /></section><p style="line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><em><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">图5  自然栖息地恢复空间规划方案</span></em></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">第三是保护和重塑场地文脉。通过对场地原始自然风貌的保护和恢复、石油开采痕迹的保留和诠释、原有公园的保留和更新，真实、质朴地保护和重塑本土文化，增加居民文化认同感，使地域文脉得以保留和传承。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">提供更丰富完善的公共服务是鲍德温山公园的主要建设目标之一。规划在原有公园的基础上增设了慢跑道、自行车路线、球场、体育馆、狗公园等康体和娱乐场所（图6），以及解说和教育中心、户外教育展览等文化教育场所和设施（图7）。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><p style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages" style="width: 100%;height: auto;" data-ratio="0.664167916041979" data-type="jpeg" data-backw="562" data-backh="373" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkSsCAGwwuCee0vdUAibH0gxzXYtnCCb7HScFyItIFmw0UrGTsqFzmkvsVnCLmLlRUQSuSfq00y0ibkQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="667" data-s="300,640"  /></p><p style="line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><em><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">图6  鲍德温山观景台登山道</span></em></p><p style="line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><em><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;"> </span></em></p><section style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><img class="rich_pages" style="width: 100%;height: auto;" data-ratio="0.6745762711864407" data-type="jpeg" data-backw="562" data-backh="379" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkSsCAGwwuCee0vdUAibH0gxzpH1Il0jSmKlg2aibE2DEceu4GelCAsJr1TunALlcxROSUibRuAJOkIGQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="590" data-s="300,640"  /></section><section style="line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><em><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">图7  多样化的公众教育设施</span></em></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">为建立可持续的运营模式，公园在生态恢复方面，充分发挥自然系统自身能动性，减少人为干预和投入；在资源利用方面，公园充分利用太阳能等可再生能源，种植抗旱植物，使用再生水和雨水进行灌溉；在项目运营方面，公园将公益服务与经营服务相结合，为长期可持续的发展提供经济保障。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;"> </span></section><section style="line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">作者：<strong>李东咛</strong>，东北林业大学，助教。240091553@qq.com</span></section><section style="line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">许大为</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">，东北林业大学，教授。xdw_ysm@126.com</span><br  /></section><section style="text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14px;">延伸阅读</span></strong></section><section style="line-height: 1.5em;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="display: inline !important;float: none;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(87, 107, 149);font-family: "mp-quote",-apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft 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