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<p style="text-align: left;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;text-align: center;color: rgb(226, 138, 53);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img width="auto" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);width: 661px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;" data-ratio="0.08359375" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkQ4HAvV9ywJiap7GH3SLsdGjAj3IZNKmdwUue2iaRgjAqtVyPMJymnW5UZMibUQCSuZpYU1G8lqSF8yA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-s="300,640" data-w="1280" data-backw="562" data-backh="47"  /></strong></strong></p><section style="text-align: left;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></strong></strong></section><section style="text-align: left;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">规划文化与规划收益的价值之间有关系吗？——基于英格兰的案例</span></strong></strong></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><em style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Is There a Relationship Between Planning Culture and the Value of Planning Gain? Evidence from England</strong></em></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">源自：Town Planning Review, 2019, 90(4):453–471</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">作者：Richard Dunning, Alex Lord, Berna Keskin, et al</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">推荐：申明锐，南京大学建筑与城市规划学院。shenmingr@nju.edu.cn</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"> </section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">开发的价值在多大程度上决定了规划收益的价值？二者之间的关联并不像人们预期的那么简单。在各地的许多规划体系中，认为因授予规划许可而导致土地价值“非劳动所得”地提升，开发商应对此作出某种形式补偿的想法十分常见。然而，确定土地价值的上升应该如何定价，以及相应地，确定这一价值的具体方法存在很大不同。人们越发认识到，定义特定背景下的规划实践行为和启发式规范的差异对于解释规划和发展结果的变化至关重要。文章以英格兰为重点，试图运用关于开发商贡献量和价值的新定量数据（包括社区基础设施税的第一次全面评估）以及从与开发商、地方当局规划官员访谈中获得的原始定性数据，分析一个国家内部的分异，并探讨文化和行为在决定开发商贡献价值中的作用，从规划文化的角度提供规划义务价值嬗变的实证。通过对英格兰地方规划当局的案例研究，发现规划义务和社区基础设施税的价值不仅来自市场条件，也来自当地规划授权的文化和行为。在开发过程中谈判并获取规划收益的行为本身就是一个有争议的过程，它也是广义上规划文化的一部分，在国家规划指导的范围，体现了地方当局的价值观。政策制定者应该认识到，在就规划许可或价值评估进行谈判时，文化差异有可能产生影响。在挑剔的市场中，土地估价本身是一项复杂的活动，与价值信号较为清晰的市场相比，专业人员的行为在促进开发活动和价值判定方面可能更有意义。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"> </section><section style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img class="__bg_gif" style="vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 72px !important;visibility: visible !important;" data-ratio="0.3466666666666667" data-type="gif" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/VUQicaUeJAkQ8JEeocP4xUFEXymwa97bTvJ83xt4wgz7CEAgaXml24mI93kydiakGmPgzEnvv5GsHUUOUJWhEibQg/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-w="75"  /></section><section style="text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br  /></section><section style="text-align: left;letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Helvetica Neue","PingFang SC","Hiragino Sans GB","Microsoft YaHei UI","Microsoft YaHei",Arial,sans-serif;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">现实中多样化的复杂性问题：城市多样化的不同认知</span></strong></strong></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><em style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">The Complexity of Diversity in Reality: Perceptions of Urban Diversity</strong></em></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">源自：Urban Studies, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019886737</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">作者：Rikke Skovgaard Nielsen, Anne Hedegaard Winther</span></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">推荐：邵亦文，深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院。yiwenshao@szu.edu.cn</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"> </section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">现代城市的一个重要特征是多样化。种族、社会经济地位、生活方式、观点态度方面的差异均会导致城市多样化。现有的相关研究倾向于将城市人口作为统一整体来认知多样化，从而承认多样化对于城市整体的积极作用。但是，本文作者认为以上结论过于草率，因为事实上不同的城市居民对于多样化有着迥异的认知，而制定合理的城市政策有必要基于对多样化概念细致入微的理解。为此作者着重探索两个问题：其一，多样化社区的居民如何认知多样化？其二，什么因素塑造了他们对于多样化的认知？作者以比斯佩杰格街区（Bispebjerg，是丹麦哥本哈根最多样化的街区之一）为案例，对不同类型的社区居民展开了50次访谈，并运用NVivo质性分析勾勒出五种典型的居民类型，包括年轻的新来者（the young newcomers）、保守的种族怀疑论者（the ethnicsceptic）、超然的富裕阶层（the detached）、按部就班的本地土著（the native）、多样化的沉浸者（the immersed），并探索了他们对于多样化抽象和具象层面上的认知差异。研究显示，受访者都在抽象层面表达了对多样化的积极看法；而在具象层面，他们对于多样化的关切要复杂得多。本文进一步归纳总结出四个影响多样化具体认知的关键因素：对种族多样化的不安全感、社会不平等性、多样化的生活经历，以及与多样化的物理和社交隔离程度。在快速城镇化进程中，我国的各个城市亦不同程度地呈现出多样化特征。作者提醒我们，生活在多样化城市中的体验本身就是多样化的，因而我们必须承认不同居民群体对多样化的不同看法，在制定规划政策过程中照顾并应对不同群体的不同关切点。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"><br  /></section><section style="text-align: left;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;text-align: 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14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本文为本订阅号原创</span></section><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.5em;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">欢迎在朋友圈转发，<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">转载将自动受到“原创”保护</span></span></section><p><br  /></p><section style="text-align: left;line-height: 1.5em;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;min-height: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" style="text-align: center;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16.36px;width: 661px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word 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src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkQAkbm6uD0TN7cmWic01GkFp5Gs3CrrccyoOXic2mfVhkCZyEXd4yRyJbtV24BON1fHQvVYa8Zic46Sw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-s="300,640" data-w="1280" data-backw="562" data-backh="320" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="540" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="308" data-before-oversubscription-url="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkQAkbm6uD0TN7cmWic01GkFp5Gs3CrrccyoOXic2mfVhkCZyEXd4yRyJbtV24BON1fHQvVYa8Zic46Sw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg"  /></section>
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