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<section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.54px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 25.6px;"><section style="margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;"><section style="padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;border-radius: 5px 0px 0px 5px;line-height: 2em;font-size: 1em;border-left: 10px solid rgb(155, 215, 223);box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 0em 0.2em 0.2em;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">【导读】什么是城市繁荣之本？如何对城市区域之优劣作出可靠的量化判定？《城市因何而繁荣？》这本书可以为我们提供启发。该书<span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;">出版于2014年，</span>作者主要来自RTKL国际有限公司，是URBAN Rx项目研究成果。它至少为我们带来以下三点启发：</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">其一，作为全球最大的建筑规划设计公司之一，RTKL国际有限公司的城市规划与设计人员着手进行了城市区域的评价。他们拥有丰富的城市规划从业经历，开展的城市评价更为专业可靠，评价得到的结论也可直接对城市规划设计实践提供指向与帮助。这一点很值得国内规划从业人员借鉴，在我国的城市规划过程中，规划回顾与建成区评价极为欠缺。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">其二，对城市区域进行可靠全面的量化评分，需要使用的数据、可供选择的工具与手段、评价的指标体系、评价的流程及结果呈现等，都在本书中清晰列出，极有借鉴价值。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">其三，基于对北美50个公认的成功城市区域的分析评价与讨论得到研究结论，即成功的城市区域普遍具有的共同特征是什么。这对于城市规划及城市管理的从业者以及城市研究的相关学者而言，都是值得参考的信息。</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.54px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本文梳理了《城市因何而繁荣？》（<em style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">What makes urban districts thrive?</em>）一书对50个北美成功城区（图1）的评价。</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.6757990867579908" data-type="png" data-s="300,640" data-w="876" data-backh="380" data-backw="562" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRYZeo5JaG4lPtC5DYibg3XHibLz9eSnfwh79icrPO0WicKWbO5D75v9hRp8Jxiae3sHpPNXUBa4tgoKMw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 661px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: normal;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">图1  50个被评价的北美城区的分布图</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">《城市因何而繁荣？》是TRKL公司于2014年出版的一本书，内容框架如下。 </span></section><section donone="shifuMouseDownPic('shifu_p_029')" label="Copyright Reserved by PLAYHUDONG." style="margin: 1em auto;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: none;width: 677px;text-align: left;overflow: hidden;clear: both;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;width: 338.5px;vertical-align: bottom;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img title="https://image.ipaiban.com/upload-ueditor-image-20200604-1591235768422065325.png" data-ratio="0.88" data-type="png" data-w="700" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRYZeo5JaG4lPtC5DYibg3XHyvE0X4xMO1tsot0Ljzh6jOdI5HmoFZAN1CdYlRUK4ib8WDL2vA2yfRw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="display: inline;width: 338.5px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section><section style="padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 338.5px;line-height: 1.5;font-size: 14px;vertical-align: bottom;display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">What makes urban districts thrive?</strong></em></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">by </em>Nate Cherry, Adam Rubin, Tamar Tawilian, Susan Clark</p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">RTKL International, 2014</span></strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-weight: 700;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(109, 123, 234);letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;">第一部分：研究背景、研究意义、研究方法、研究对象、研究发现</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);list-style-type: circle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">引言（研究背景与研究意义）</span></p></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">选择研究区域类型（所选的50个北美城市区域的分类及说明）</span></p></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">重要研究发现<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></p></li></ul><ol class="list-paddingleft-2" style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">居住密度</span></section></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">区域核心</span></section></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">平均建筑高度</span></section></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">街区规模</span></section></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">可达性与可见性</span></section></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">交通模式</span></section></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">区域核心之用途</span></section></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">公共空间与机构设施的邻近度</span></section></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">教育机会</span></section></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">族群多样性</span></section></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年龄差异</span></section></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">商业办公建筑租金</span></section></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">住宅租金</span></section></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">房屋空置率</span></section></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">社交媒体联系度</span></section></li></ol><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);list-style-type: circle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">最低性能标准（归纳汇总出繁荣的城区应达到的各项最低标准）</span></p></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">案例研究典型展示页面示例（举例说明50个城区评价数据如何呈现）</span></p></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如何对这些区域评分? （区域评价所采用的指标说明）</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></li></ul><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-weight: 700;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(109, 123, 234);letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二部分：选定50个北美城区进行评价及数据呈现（3大类，8小类，50个）</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);list-style-type: circle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">建成环境最优区域（共17个城区，分布于15个州）</span></p></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">社会环境最优区域（共16个<span style="max-width: 100%;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;letter-spacing: normal;">，其中1个城区位于加拿大</span>，其他15个分布于美国11个州）</span></p></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">财务状况最优区域（共17个，分布于15个州）</span></p></li></ul><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-weight: 700;font-stretch: normal;font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(109, 123, 234);letter-spacing: 0.54px;box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三部分：研究结论与作者介绍</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本文分为五个部分：</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.  评价对象选取：50个城区名单及其特征概要</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.  评价指标体系：指标的选定与数据获取</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3. 50个城区评价的重要发现：15个重要指标评价结果及成功城区共有的12种特征</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4. 城区评价指标体系及评价结果点评：对我国城市评价的启发</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5. 附录</span></section><p style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">  附录1. 纽约西村评价</span></p><p style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">  附录2. 费城施密特广场评价</span></p><p style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">  附录3. 底特律大圆形剧场公园评价 </span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.3466666666666667" data-type="gif" data-w="75" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/VUQicaUeJAkQ8JEeocP4xUFEXymwa97bTvJ83xt4wgz7CEAgaXml24mI93kydiakGmPgzEnvv5GsHUUOUJWhEibQg/640?wx_fmt=gif" class="__bg_gif" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 75px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /> </span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(31, 64, 173);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 36px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">01</span></strong></span><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">  评价对象：书中的50个北美城区是怎么选出来的</span></strong></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）本书评价的50个城区，是由作者团队的客户、规划主管部门人员和规划同行提供的。其中包括北美较知名的美好区域，并涵盖不同尺度及城市区域类型。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）被选中的案例区域绝非面面俱到，作者有意在不同地点选择，从而使案例具有代表性，可供比较，并减少因特殊气候、地形或者区域历史等因素导致的偏差。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（3）评价选用了三类（建成环境、社会环境和财务状况）共65项指标，各类得分在0—33范围内，总分在0—99范围之内。因最低得分项和最高得分项有特定调整，因此少数城区评分总分与三项得分加和略有偏差。同样，也由于对三个类别项目的优选排序，在城区总得分相同的情况下，也对其进行了排序（表1）。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: normal;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">表1  50个北美评价城区一览表</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></em></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.81171875" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640" data-w="1280" data-backh="1018" data-backw="562" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkRYZeo5JaG4lPtC5DYibg3XHLEUzsyr5Kiaw2BZwYC6Fp2PsE0sUvCxZmNsup3GGqOt58icdMDFqQbTw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="width: 661px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.4625" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640" data-w="1280" data-backh="845" data-backw="578" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkRYZeo5JaG4lPtC5DYibg3XHibIqFRZAs9YeoB6UlWhype34Zy7EacWoLgoLRbWq3eMgBBbT43YPyUg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="width: 661px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.65234375" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640" data-w="1280" data-backh="955" data-backw="578" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkRYZeo5JaG4lPtC5DYibg3XH3iba8zSMaLQdr8pME2zIb8Onq08WEGS4VUtFhzVSFXguf6ztT7lPI7w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="width: 661px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(31, 64, 173);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 36px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">02 </span></strong></span><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></strong></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">评价指标体系：指标的选定与数据获取</span></strong></strong></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 18px;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-weight: 700;box-sizing: border-box !important;">2.1  城区评价体系</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对被研究城区的评价共选取了65项指标，分为<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: normal;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;">环境、社会、财务</span>三类（表2）。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: normal;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">表2  城区评价指标体系表</span></strong></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="2.377401129943503" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640" data-w="885" data-backh="1374" data-backw="578" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkRYZeo5JaG4lPtC5DYibg3XHdWiblChePlFLib6xomy7CYr7oXy0vOMXfWWcnQEic2w5CzxVahzC8jiazQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="width: 661px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="2.238095238095238" data-type="jpeg" data-s="300,640" data-w="861" data-backh="1294" data-backw="578" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/VUQicaUeJAkRYZeo5JaG4lPtC5DYibg3XHekyslQQNunQ96qs9HJMvoMN0Ad8icvcymlunuVcic6GfYPRuWX5k396A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="width: 661px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-size: 18px;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-weight: 700;box-sizing: border-box !important;">2.2  指标选择与数据获取</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">表2中的65项评价指标的数据采用以下三类、共14种工具或渠道获取。</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）<strong>图像工具4种，主要获取环境类别指标、宜人场所及设施数据：</strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></p><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);list-style-type: circle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">ArcGIS</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">——GIS shapefiles可确认建筑物占用地块，为说明图纸提供工作草图；</span></p></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Google Earth</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">——获取研究区域的航拍照片，创建说明图纸所需的基础草图。从Instagram中输入有地理定位的.csv文件，有助于确定社交媒体的本城区、地区以及区外国家/国际汇集区；</span></p></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Google Maps</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">——使用街道视图，对研究区域进行全面的土地使用及宜人空间和设施分析；</span></p></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Google Planimeter</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">——测量建筑物占地面积及街区大小。</span></p></li></ul><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）<strong>大数据工具7种，主要用于表征趋向与喜好：</strong></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></p><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);list-style-type: circle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Facebook</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">——按照区域追踪网址，量化社会交往发生的水平及每周发布数量；</span></p></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Instagram</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">——使用最频繁的区域话题讨论社交平台。从Instagram上收集到的信息包括公开分享的大量照片，人们上传的位置坐标，为所有照片点赞的情况，以及持续一个月采集到的在区域内某地点分享信息的时间（用于辨认热点地区）；</span></p></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">LoopNet</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">——收集郡层级的办公室租金信息，以及各区域内的商业用房平均租金信息；</span></p></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Trulia</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">——汇集邮政区号，并按研究区域在郡层面绘制房产销售价格热度地图；</span></p></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Twitter</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">——对研究区域发布推特（如果有的话）的情况进行追踪，从而量化每周推特用户社交频繁程度以及发布推特的次数；</span></p></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Walk Score</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">——收集各区域适宜步行程度的相关信息；</span></p></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Yelp</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">——对每个案例城区排名前十的设施进行汇总打分并列出其营业时间。</span></p></li></ul><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（3）传统工具3种：</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></p><ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);list-style-type: circle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">实地数据采集</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">——切实处于某一地区的所见所感，确保城区物质空间设计及使用者体验品质评价的准确性；</span></p></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Microsoft Excel</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">——整理、分析来自于本城区、所在地区及区外国家/国际的社交媒体喜爱度分布情况，以及来自美国国家统计局的信息；</span></p></li><li style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">美国国家统计局数据</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">——提供研究区域统计记录的以及其所在郡统计记录的年龄分布、族群分布、房屋空置率、家庭规模、就业率、家庭收入中位数以及房屋出租价格等相关数据，从而确定所研究城区及其所在郡在2000—2010年间的数据变动趋势。</span></p><p><br  /></p></li></ul><p><br  /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(31, 64, 173);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 36px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">03</span></strong></span><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">  50个北美城区的评价结果</span></strong></strong></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-weight: 700;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;">3.1  按照分项评价得分，对50个城区分类</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">针对50个城区采用三类共65个指标体系逐一评价之后，得到分项得分和总分，并依据得分分类如下。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-weight: 700;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;">建成环境最优区域。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">此类城区得到城市设计领域专业人士和学者的高度赞誉。评测变量主要着眼于其物质空间设计和环境品质。这些区域具有独特的、可供测知的品质，比如高密度混合使用、绿色基础设施、高品质公共空间等，在其他城市区域进行设计时通常作为参考范例。测评发现，此类城区的突出优点在于高品质建筑、街道和路径、公园及公共空间等物质空间要素的良性混合。多种交通模式也被纳入其中，降低了人们对机动交通的依赖；多样混合的土地使用，创造出独特的城市体验和互动机会。</span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-weight: 700;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;">社会环境最优区域。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这些区域在互动媒体平台中表现最为活跃。一般而言，这些区域是人们自行标注出来的，他们在社交圈里把自己与这些地点联系在一起。社会环境变量致力于评价人们如何在实际上以及在数字上占用这些空间，可通过Facebook和Instagram等社交平台的使用情况进行评测。社会环境最优区域可营造出显著的归属感。现代社交媒体能够追踪在使用者心目中某区域是否值得记忆，以及其是否拥有文化独特性。城市区域营造归属感的方式各不相同，包括多种多样的文化活动，基于社区的节庆事件，一系列独特且互补的土地用途组合，及其在城市中的独特地理位置。</span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-weight: 700;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;">财务状况最优区域。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">指对市场需求作出良好响应的区域。经济相关变量致力于探询这些区域对住宅和商用房市场需求的响应。与其所在郡商用房和住房的平均销售价格和租金相比，财务状况最优区域的房产能够产生更高的收入。在所研究区域中，有一组区域在总体财务回报上超出其他区域。归于此类的城市区域，总体财务状况显著超出其所在郡的平均水平。我们使用的评价指标包含家庭收入、住房租金及商用房租金、就业率以及房屋空置率。</span></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-weight: 700;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;">3.2  重要研究发现（15项指标）</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）<strong>居住密度</strong>。70%的评价城区的居住密度超过2万人/平方英里（7700人/k㎡）。与体育场、大学校园或重要设施相邻的特殊区域，其财务状况超出周边平均水平。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）<strong>城区核心</strong>。典型的城区核心大小是10~50英亩（4~20公顷），其尺度通常是5~7分钟可从一端步行到另一端。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（3）<strong>平均建筑高度</strong>。92%的评价城区，其建筑平均高度不超过8层。高层建筑对于繁荣的城市区域而言不可或缺，但其必须纳入适度且克制的城市开发尺度之内。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（4）<strong>街区大小</strong>。70%的评价城区所包含的街区大小在2~4英亩（0.8~1.6公顷）范围内。某些社会交往最为成功的项目，其街区小于2英亩。给我们的提示是，大街区提升开发的灵活性，而小街区则促进社会交往。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（5）<strong>可达性与可视性</strong>。92%的评价城区具有周边环路或者与城市主干道相邻。这些城市区域优先考虑了核心区的步行者体验，小汽车基本上从其周边环路快速绕行，生活性道路则强调多种交通模式的混合。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（6）<strong>交通模式</strong>。80%的评价城区提供了四种或更多的交通模式。多样化的交通模式对于灵活性和便捷度提升至关重要。最新出现的普遍趋势是自行车出行的快速增长。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（7）<strong>区域核心内部用途</strong>。98%的评价城区至少容纳了四种不同用途，并且凭借混合使用的邻近度带来的便利得以繁荣。本研究发现，最密切的协同在于办公、住宅和零售商业的均衡混合。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（8）<strong>与公共空间和便利设施的邻近度</strong>。公园和游乐区具有强大吸引力，使得城市区域受到欢迎。69%的评价城区在10分钟步行范围内拥有大型设施。此类设施所提供的独特体验在其他地方是无法获取的。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（9）<strong>教育机会</strong>。城市区域凭借教育环境中的思想交流和高水平互动得以繁荣。84%的评价城区在其项目地点2英里范围之内拥有一个学院或者大学。这些区域以高等教育作为创新和投资的引擎。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（10）<strong>族群多样性</strong>。56%的评价城区的族群多样性低于所在郡的平均水平。成功的城市区域倾向于吸引高收入和受过更高教育的人群，从而使其更易成为具有较低族群多样性的社区。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（11）<strong>年龄差异</strong>。单身青年以及年轻夫妇是城市区域取得成功的人口动力。研究表明，76%的评价城区的主要人口由35岁以下的单身青年和年轻家庭构成，另有12%的研究区域（大部分与大学校园毗邻）主要人口构成为24岁以下的单身青年。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（12）<strong>商业写字楼租金</strong>。繁荣的城市区域拥有其特有的产业和商业，吸引独特的劳动人口，表现为76%的研究区域写字楼租金较高。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（13）<strong>住宅租金</strong>。54%的研究区域表明，在优秀的城市区域之中，多种设施、体验及住房类型组合在一起，使得住宅租金达到价格高点。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（14）<strong>房屋空置率</strong>。城市区域中短期使用住房的年轻人以及波动率，意味着居民的流动性通常较高。82%的研究区域数据显示，其住房空置率高出所在郡的平均水平。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（15）<strong>社交媒体联系度</strong>。社交媒体已成为追踪社会偏好的日益强大的工具。我们的研究可见，城市区域内部，社交媒体使用的最低值大约为每月100次签到/FAR。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-weight: 700;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;">3.3  优秀城区普遍具有的12项特征</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">基于对北美优秀城区的分析，我们得到了关于其共性特征的如下结论。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）<strong>城市区域呈现混合功能使用的趋势，包括特定的比例与用途变化。</strong>从专门用途转为用途多样化，呈现出在水平和垂直方向上进行功能整合的模式，城区边界清晰确定。区域容积率至少应达到1，才可确保功能有效发挥。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.19648271679805942" data-type="png" data-s="300,640" data-w="1649" data-backh="114" data-backw="578" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRwqqlhADOxAAOXxzCf52OSBlgn8rPKUekD2HEdCQjbsEHWF6QZjbRIIynWdO5lJM7PHJK59daJUA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 661px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）<strong>城区必须能够对本地居民和本地工作者提供支持。</strong>人口密度最小应达到2万人/平方英里，至少能够支持在高峰时段每小时通过区域核心的步行人数达到1000人。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.0014450867052022" data-type="png" data-s="300,640" data-w="692" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRwqqlhADOxAAOXxzCf52OSficRDicPMm0Jysghp3LsBiacOLoRd0YwxtURBX7yd0aEhaSVibtl6Zb6QA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 182px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（3）<strong>城区中建筑高度可能会有所变化，但建筑高度一般不应超过15层，特殊情况除外。</strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.47528187337380745" data-type="png" data-s="300,640" data-w="1153" data-backh="275" data-backw="578" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRwqqlhADOxAAOXxzCf52OSx5GZh8UHpCHKQplWDMlHYLk9yZkj918zMAebXx1nSQGItfYOWufjCQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 661px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（4）城区内部的街区必须保持适宜步行的尺度，其规模通常为1~4英亩（0.4~1.6公顷），街区长宽之比不超过4:1。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.36409155937052934" data-type="png" data-s="300,640" data-w="1398" data-backh="210" data-backw="578" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRwqqlhADOxAAOXxzCf52OSJM1WZEONwuRt17p1Fwicr1IGvmWeh0DRzEjAqpVFwQL8W409eHX2LVg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 661px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（5）<strong>城区的边界上应有主干道，内部则由次干道、生活性街道和支路构成网络。</strong>垂直于次干道方向设置生活性街道，可发挥最佳效果。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.9418439716312057" data-type="png" data-s="300,640" data-w="705" data-backh="544" data-backw="578" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRwqqlhADOxAAOXxzCf52OSURn4ND7CwdRODt425APlw5ZsL6ia31JsfhLjNyynC87hAJyUvXca1Kw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 311px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（6）<strong>城区内至少应整合三种不同的交通模式，并对所有街道进行交通方式优先性排序（自行车、步行者、公交车、轨道车等）。</strong>应遵照“完整街道”设计指南中的规定执行。 </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.17472118959107807" data-type="png" data-s="300,640" data-w="1076" data-backh="101" data-backw="578" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRwqqlhADOxAAOXxzCf52OSMb377yZEVrYicRDc81qUb9jibFjIJAeCEJicHDqX59aW1ghmjibcUUgSgw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 661px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（7）<strong>城区内至少支持四种土地用途，其中居住用地至少占25%，最佳状态是办公、居住和零售商业各占地三分之一。</strong>土地用途的多样性有助于使步行活动更加均衡（高峰和低谷得以平滑化），如果管理得力，也可促使共享资源的利用实现最大化。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.0023809523809523" data-type="png" data-s="300,640" data-w="840" data-backh="579" data-backw="578" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRwqqlhADOxAAOXxzCf52OSZ0vtSGC7yYePQxq1u2xYeiamVMbEExibcs2mrqfVkkr6kU4fib5gP9iavg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 233px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（8）<strong>按照一般经验法则，城区内部可开发面积最多占可用土地的50%。</strong>城区内的树冠覆盖面积与开敞空间面积之和至少应占城区总面积的15%。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.9687137891077636" data-type="png" data-s="300,640" data-w="863" data-backh="560" data-backw="578" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRwqqlhADOxAAOXxzCf52OSbEwRv33Onm9MdrMS3VQKZm7xYFVCqwVjLibVF8VjSwjsVJsaWENuZ2g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 301px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（9）<strong>城区中必须有清晰界定的由混合用途街区构成的适宜步行的核心，横穿通过至少需要5分钟时间，这一核心大致位于区域的中心。</strong>核心应当能够支持多种日常活动。 </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.40834845735027225" data-type="png" data-s="300,640" data-w="1653" data-backh="236" data-backw="578" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRwqqlhADOxAAOXxzCf52OSD2T8QMd8Xbq50ph07lyJAfos17Jfpr9QibN5ZoNpUIIjsqqfIzNCseA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 661px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（10）<strong>代表生活品质的周边设施，诸如重要的开敞空间（区域性公园、水体、小路等）以及教育设施（如大学或学院）都应位于城区步行可达或自行车可达的范围之内。</strong>这有助于促进多样性以及思想交流，从而保证城区发挥其功能。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: left;text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.8340471092077087" data-type="png" data-s="300,640" data-w="934" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRwqqlhADOxAAOXxzCf52OSgSmrzKkeu2Uc3r2U0WiaYXCRGiaHHK43QOgffTpYDrBCVDAicu1kys6uA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 275px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（11）<strong>尽管阶层和族群的多样性极为重要，但是吸引年轻人对于城区功能的发挥才是至关重要的。</strong>超过75%的研究城区的主要人口为35岁以下的年轻人。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="1.0025062656641603" data-type="png" data-s="300,640" data-w="798" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRwqqlhADOxAAOXxzCf52OSEcIB9j7DYIQO15zVM0oGibiaqx43D3UGYVnMY2w1oDic8MJ4ibBkkmDq6g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 256px !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（12）<strong>社交媒体和节庆事件可促进区域繁荣。</strong>为确保城区更为优秀，单位容积率每月签到数至少应达到100次，每年至少应有100项节庆活动与事件。 </span></section><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.8310276679841897" data-type="png" data-s="300,640" data-w="1012" data-backh="480" data-backw="578" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/VUQicaUeJAkRwqqlhADOxAAOXxzCf52OSBQrPtWYicndHt963SSyqvpFAtUfSv7U5VOVsveHlkHW3WMzdgZ8yc2w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 661px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(31, 64, 173);font-size: 36px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">04</span></strong></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(2, 30, 170);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">  评价指标体系及评价结果点评</span></strong></strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-weight: 700;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;">4.1  关于评价指标体系</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）<strong>以城市使用者的视角开展评价</strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">什么是好城区？本项目的65个评价指标，全是从城区使用者的角度出发选取的，与城区居民和其他使用者的切身感受直接相关。项目评价关心的是人们步行体验是否愉悦，去往车站乘车是否方便，儿童受教育是否方便，逛街感觉是否满意，相邻同住的是黑人、白人还是亚洲人，家庭年收入有多少，房子出售出租价格如何，等等。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><p style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(85, 110, 164);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">启发：中国一线城市业已进入城市化稳定阶段。在快速城市建设阶段结束之际，城市规划领域的思辨不断。城市更新将成为今后很长时期内城市规划与管理的主题。一句话很能代表城市规划工作的特征——“城市规划者应当兼具鸟的视角与虫的视野”。亦即，为让城市成为人们安家乐业之所，宏观的布局把握与微观的城市细部改进相辅相成。城市属于其使用者，而安居乐业则是人们持久的追求。因此，对于中国城市而言，也有必要按照这一思路，从使用者的视角对选定城区开展评价，一方面可帮助城市规划者和管理者知晓人们需要什么样的城市，另一方面可揭示出特定城区存在的不足，从而有针对性地着力改进。</span></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）<strong>评价的综合性</strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其一，评价的50个城区有意从不同州选取，使其更加具有代表性和综合性；</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">其二，评价指标包含建成环境（物质空间）、社会联系以及财务状态三大类别，是对选定城区开展的综合性评价。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(85, 110, 164);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">启发：城市是一个复杂巨系统，由诸多子系统共同构成。分行业和门类的城市评价时有进行，诸如城市交通评价、城市产业评价、城市房地产评价等；综合宏观的城市评价也时有开展，诸如宜居城市、生态城市等。本项目评价给我们的启发是，精明的城市决策者，在未来以城市更新为主要任务的条件下，极有必要在城市街道或片区层次上开展可靠、可信、可供对照的综合务实的量化评价，根据结果，找准症结，有的放矢开展工作，所谓“城市针灸”。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（3）<strong>运用多种手段获取指标数据</strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">把大数据与城市设计、社会科学以及经济学指标结合在一起，有助于对优秀城区进行更为清晰可靠的分析。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(85, 110, 164);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">启发：除了图形工具、传统统计数据和实地踏勘等手段取得的数据，本项目还提取并利用了Facebook、Twitter等美国热门社交媒体反映的数据，即所谓大数据。就中国而言，微信、微博、QQ等社交媒体数据，淘宝、大众点评、搜房网、安居客等消费、房产数据都是海量的，可供挖掘分析并加以运用。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（4）<strong>评价对象为城市的片段而非整体</strong></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">城市是否均质？肯定不是。大型城市日益呈现出拼贴的特性。新老城区，文化区与商业区，差异巨大。对同一城市的不同片区逐一识别并分析其优势劣势是极有意义的。与倾向于对城市宏观尺度开展研究的城市分析相比较，此项目的研究对象较为微观，是城市中的特定区域。针对单个城区评价之后得到的结果，不单纯为评比和排名，还可直观准确揭示出片区存在的问题，进而制定出相应改进方案。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 16px;margin-left: 16px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(85, 110, 164);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">启发：就中国的城市而言，可在各城区内选取（或推选）1~2个有代表性的街道或片区，采用相同的评价体系开展类似的量化测评，目的不是为了先进评选，而是为了全面掌握街区的现实状况，找准问题，并采取措施以增进活力和提升功能。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-weight: 700;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;">4.2  评价结果基本可信</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对城市建设、改善与更新的启发如下。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）聚会空间提供社区思想交流的场所与机会，因此特别重要；城区内部拥有宜人街道，保证步行优先，对于城区保持活力极为重要；商业街及小公园对人们富有吸引力；周边的大学校园、滨水、绿地等宜人环境和设施是城区的宝贵资源。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）任何城区，都需要贯穿全年的节庆事件与活动，不仅能凝聚本区居民，还可吸引本城甚至更多外来者。社交媒体的活跃性可表征人们对特定区域的印象和重视程度。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（3）优秀城区都找到了其经济生态位，从而为其繁荣与投资提供源源不断的动力。无论是纽约西村的艺术与设计，查塔努加的电气、医疗和物料公司，或者SOMA的绿色与科技公司，无不得益于此，获得持续的经济活力。城区住宅和商用物业的较高价格，可帮研究者判定成功的经济聚类在此区域中存在。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（4）评价分城市建成环境、社会关联、财务经济状态三个方面，基于分项得分的情况，可提出切实可行的针对性改善与提升方案（就一个城市街道或片区而言，采用65项指标评价，哪项指标存在缺陷就从哪项着手改进，措施更为具体得力，不至于一把抓却无重点）。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;text-align: justify;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-weight: 700;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;">4.3  评价结果与事实不符的一个城区：底特律大圆形剧场公园片区（详见附录3）</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">但项目评价结果也并非尽善尽美，最值得质疑的莫过于底特律大圆形剧场公园片区的。本书出版于2014年，而底特律市于2013年7月宣布破产。底特律已经持续多年面对治安差、种族矛盾、经济衰退、人口锐减的问题。但本项目给底特律中心的大圆形剧场公园片区打出了85分的高分，排位在中等靠前（第20名）。究其根源，应当是评价指标构成和数据获取两方面都存在问题。这提示我们，采用综合性的城区评价指标体系去评价特殊的城市片区，得到的结果可能与事实相去甚远。对底特律的片区的评价，就是只关注这一小地块的指标数据汇集，无视全城产业没落枯竭的大背景。</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;overflow-wrap: break-word;color: rgb(74, 89, 210);letter-spacing: 0.54px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 18px;font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;font-weight: 700;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;">4.4  评价结果的片面性：加剧城市居住隔离与社会分异</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本项目评价的结果基本合理可信，但并不代表可被照搬和全盘采纳。比如，评价结果所提示的优秀城区具有的特征中包括：人口结构年轻化（35岁以下人口占绝大部分），以及较低的族群多样化程度。如果城市管理者与规划从业者提取了这样的信息并付诸实践，那么所建成的城区，岂不是对相对弱势群体（年老者、少数族群等）加以排斥的？秉承这一思路，如何去适应人口老龄化的普遍现状，以及应对居住分异的城市社会问题呢？</span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> </span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">总之，北美50个城区评价的案例，为我们提供了开展城市片区评价的新思路。无论是评价对象的尺度选取，评价指标体系的构建，数据获取的方法手段，还是评价所得到的确保城区持续繁荣的普遍经验，都值得我国城市规划、建设和管理者借鉴。</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></section><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">未完待续</span></strong></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 82, 255);max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">>>></span></strong></span></section><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者：<strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">相欣奕</strong>，博士，西南大学地理科学学院讲师；国家注册规划师</span></p><p style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;line-height: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br  /></span></p><section style="margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;max-width: 100%;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section><p style="white-space: normal;text-align: right;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;text-align: left;">注：</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;text-align: left;">本文分享自“国际城市规划”微信号</span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;text-align: left;">，特此鸣谢.</span></p><section style="font-variant-numeric: normal;font-variant-east-asian: normal;white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 549.094px;vertical-align: top;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;box-shadow: rgb(178, 185, 192) 1px 0px 10px;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;"><span class="js_jump_icon h5_image_link" data-positionback="static" style="bottom: auto;left: auto;right: auto;top: auto;"><img data-ratio="0.7516667" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDcVI9ffj5qfXUJicgxbEWe8zAYw2wjLZyQG1LpibrfsAo9U1Lj6rp3mpD8kcOUoWIQZpPicEY1xTEfWA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-w="600" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;"  /></span></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: -70px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.2887865" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/qAEVTTssxDcVI9ffj5qfXUJicgxbEWe8zvgoCkWzz2ichtMgfn1ibkhibXasdbeyeZoBUIib7ZAuAadgGBKicuNhFjKQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-w="651" style="box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;"  /></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(133, 118, 106);line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><span style="font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 2px;text-align: center;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;">城乡规划行业的“</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 2px;text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 104, 39);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;">问卷星</span></strong></span><span style="font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 2px;text-align: center;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;">”</span></strong></span></span></strong></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-bottom: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(255, 129, 36);letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 22px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(255, 104, 39);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">随行问卷</strong></span></p></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);letter-spacing: 2px;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;"></span></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;"><br  /></span></strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 3px;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);"><section style="padding: 2px 8px;border-width: 1px;border-style: dotted;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.4em;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">点击图片 一键注册</strong></p></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><p style="white-space: normal;"><br  /></p><p><br  /></p>
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