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<p style="display: none;" data-label="Power by：chajian.xiguaji.com" data-tools="西瓜插件，运行于电脑浏览器上的插件，可在公众号后台找优质文章素材，一键美化排版，检测文章违规，查看任意公众号粉丝阅读数"><br  /></p><section style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 10px;border-style: solid;width: 100%;padding-left: 5px;border-right-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);border-left-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(32, 14, 11);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">罗璇</strong>　中山大学中国区域协调发展与乡村建设研究院研究助理</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">版权说明</strong>：感谢作者授权发布，如有转载等事宜，请联系原作者。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 6px;border-style: solid;padding: 10px;width: 100%;border-right-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);border-left-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(32, 14, 11);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">一、 引言</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">1997年德国“空间规划部长级会议”（MKRO）规划了7个都市圈，将位于原东德地区的萨克森州、萨克森—安哈尔特州和图林根州成立为德国中部都市圈。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">德国中部都市圈面积、人口规模不大，但人均GDP达到3.34万美元，位于发达地区行列，与德国汉诺威都市圈、韩国首尔都市圈规模相当。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.4;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Table 1 德国中部都市圈与其他国际知名都市圈比较</span></strong></p></section><section style="line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;"><img class="rich_pages" style="" data-ratio="0.2199630314232902" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB79yGTeOvY3ibECzbelSwedTkosGDYurUhPCtnYbHhHmrG4IEu9W5NChkre5URwDOv2Pt9bZdQG3UIg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-w="1082" data-s="300,640"  /><br  /></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源：根据各国统计资料绘制）</span></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">都市圈中的德累斯顿是萨克森州的首府和第一大城市、德国东部仅次于首都柏林的第二大城市，是德国中东部地区城市复兴的典范，被誉为“易北河上的佛罗伦萨”、 “涅槃重生的东部瑰宝”。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 90%;height: auto;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 520px;height: 686px;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;" data-ratio="1.3194444444444444" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB79yGTeOvY3ibECzbelSwedTkyGtdHaVIjg2DxicBib4fIcM9ibRQKFVUlictohWM81NrqHGk8OU94GZpxA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="1080" data-croporisrc="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB782d3IJSLwciax3l1x2eIM3ODxlMYibHdge4txgOJBianib63oJZffjKob0uNa2fNerQ5iahyYPC6yaflw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="0" data-cropx2="1080" data-cropy1="97.61538461538463" data-cropy2="1522.3846153846154"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 1 德国都市圈区域（2012）</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源：图片根据IKM报告</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">《Regionales Monitoring 2012》改绘）</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">中部都市圈</strong>是在一个人口不断流失、被认定为收缩地区的区域中规划的。中部都市圈的成立是为解决东德去工业化过程以及社会主义经济遗留的问题，目的是使东西德统一发展、区域相对均衡、大都市区集中与再城市化发展。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;" data-ratio="0.887963" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB782d3IJSLwciax3l1x2eIM3OALKibkthoWxuVibnPMBfAniajWy4R3icn048ruw9ce6KbwPZXT4YPzXuSw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 2 中部都市圈人口发展统计及趋势预计（2012）</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源：图片根据IKM报告</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">《Regionales Monitoring 2012》改绘）</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">传统上我们规划大都市圈，是因为区域内城市群高度发展，区域内大城市或特大城市需要在区域内统筹城市职能，使区域内城市形成分工有序、互相协作的城市群，以提高区域竞争力。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">然而德国在东德收缩地区中规划中部都市圈。为什么规划都市圈而不是规划扩张德累斯顿中心城市？<span style="background-color: rgba(244, 194, 89, 0.51);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">在收缩地区规划都市圈有什么意义和作用</strong></span>，这值得进一步思考与探讨。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 6px;border-style: solid;padding: 10px;width: 100%;border-right-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);border-left-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(32, 14, 11);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二、 中部都市圈规划背景</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="overflow: hidden;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(32, 14, 11);text-align: center;padding-right: 0.3em;padding-left: 0.3em;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-right-style: solid;border-bottom-style: solid;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">01</strong></p></section><section style="border-color: rgb(32, 14, 11);text-align: center;padding-right: 0.3em;padding-left: 0.3em;margin-left: -1px;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: solid;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">原东德制造业的集中区</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">东德曾被赫鲁晓夫称为“社会主义的橱窗”，工业产值一度占全世界的2.5%，人均收入高于东欧其他国家。东德工业、制造业主要集中于莱比锡、德累斯顿、哈雷和开姆尼斯。德累斯顿是工业中心，主导产业为机械、制药、半导体和电气制造；卡尔·马克思城（即开姆尼斯）是东德重要的纺织工业区，其纺织和运输机械、有色冶金、纸浆和造纸、木材加工工业比较发达；哈雷开采褐煤、钾盐；莱比锡的主导产业是褐煤开采和加工、化学制造。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 70%;height: auto;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-ratio="1.3628692" data-type="jpeg" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/yXntXceyB782d3IJSLwciax3l1x2eIM3O60Gm3WuVjwwgE4TvMbp18iaqKm1zPwBVvEtfqrJrWE7WSicF30UWmDxQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-w="474"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 3 东德时期的工业城市和煤炭资源分布</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源：根据网络图片改绘， http://m.sohu.com/a/212241183_639898）</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="overflow: hidden;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(32, 14, 11);text-align: center;padding-right: 0.3em;padding-left: 0.3em;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-right-style: solid;border-bottom-style: solid;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">02</strong></p></section><section style="border-color: rgb(32, 14, 11);text-align: center;padding-right: 0.3em;padding-left: 0.3em;margin-left: -1px;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: solid;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">两德统一后成为衰落地区</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">两德统一后，东德曾引以为傲的工业，被西方世界视为“低效率”，逐步遭遇淘汰。在德国统一后几年内，煤炭等传统产业开始衰退，原工业基地成为城市弃管的“棕色地带”，传统经济衰落、城市功能丧失。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">作为前东德工业中心，德累斯顿受影响最大，失业率曾一度高达30%，在德国排名第一。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 6px;border-style: solid;padding: 10px;width: 100%;border-right-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);border-left-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(32, 14, 11);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">三、精明收缩：将建设、创新、产业集中于中心城市</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="overflow: hidden;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(32, 14, 11);text-align: center;padding-right: 0.3em;padding-left: 0.3em;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-right-style: solid;border-bottom-style: solid;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">01</strong></p></section><section style="border-color: rgb(32, 14, 11);text-align: center;padding-right: 0.3em;padding-left: 0.3em;margin-left: -1px;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: solid;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">通过都市圈规划将资金集中建设内城区</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">联邦政府通过纵向财政平衡“团结公约”和州际横向财政平衡政策为德国东部地区经济的发展提供了大量的资金，主要用于东部地区的交通、通讯、水电等基础设施的改造和新建，居民消费、各种补贴及建立健全社会保障制度。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Table 2 联邦针对《团结公约》的年度允诺支付额（亿欧元）</span></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 90%;height: auto;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 578px;height: 266px;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;" data-ratio="0.461038961038961" data-type="png" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="520" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="311" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB79yGTeOvY3ibECzbelSwedTk1KGy26GeLSPb61icFbibRovX9XXVXaFtxgW9eiboSI29Y362fdQfJgkqQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-w="924"  /></section></section><p style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.4;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源：Jan Werner, “Fiscal Equalisation among the states in Germany”,
http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/lpfwpaper/02-2008.htm,2008,pp.17-18.）</span></strong></p><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 90%;height: auto;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section><br  /></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">德国统一后几年原东德工业城市为了使城市经济复兴，采取<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">扩张型城市设计模式</strong>，在城市郊区投资新建房屋、基础设施，但反而加速莱比锡等城市的<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">衰退</strong>，人口流向其他城市，内城和郊区住房空置。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">吸取经验教训，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">德国政府通过都市圈规划引导和调控城市发展方向，将主要建设和更新用于几个主要大城市的内城区</strong>。德累斯顿将建设资金用于关闭和改造采矿、钢铁等企业，以减少污染；并修复矿区，治理污染场地；更新排水系统，建设基础设施；重建城市地标——大教堂、更新改造易北河沿岸景观。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 90%;height: auto;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-ratio="0.6783831" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB782d3IJSLwciax3l1x2eIM3OR40MUAbGT9QXbhfaMhd6ML75TFbKtfd8kUBSexPVZ6van3pJbJjEuQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-w="569"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 4  德累斯顿景观</span></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">（图片来源：网络）</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="overflow: hidden;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(32, 14, 11);text-align: center;padding-right: 0.3em;padding-left: 0.3em;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-right-style: solid;border-bottom-style: solid;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">02</strong></p></section><section style="border-color: rgb(32, 14, 11);text-align: center;padding-right: 0.3em;padding-left: 0.3em;margin-left: -1px;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: solid;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">扶持都市圈中心城市的高校培育创新动力</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">德国政府开展评选11所<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">精英大学</strong>，入选大学机构将得到联邦政府的大笔财政资助。东德地区入选了德累斯顿理工大学（倾向性入选)。而且德国联邦教研部于1999 年实施“区域创业计划”，选择了德累斯顿作为五个试点城市之一（其余为哈根、耶拿/ 魏玛、卡斯鲁厄和斯图加特），支持试点城市大学与校外经济、科学和政府部门建立合作伙伴关系，<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">推动创业活动，提高创业质量</strong>。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">目前德累斯顿集聚了千余家初创型企业，德累斯顿工业大学和弗劳恩霍夫研究所等在创新链条上关联，高技能人才和研发人员比例高，创新驱动产值产量成效明显。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 90%;height: auto;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 549px;height: 507px;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;" data-ratio="0.9235924932975871" data-type="png" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="520" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="507" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB79yGTeOvY3ibECzbelSwedTk7fV8l6CwibqxjLe6LB7841ibmeR1cABd8zj5t786xSPJ8VUjU2zFXsFA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-w="746"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 5  德国各大城市拥有研发人员的比例</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源：图片源自《HWWI/Berenberg-St?dteranking 2019——Die 30 gr??ten St?dte Deutschlands  im Vergleich》）</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="overflow: hidden;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(32, 14, 11);text-align: center;padding-right: 0.3em;padding-left: 0.3em;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-right-style: solid;border-bottom-style: solid;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">03</strong></p></section><section style="border-color: rgb(32, 14, 11);text-align: center;padding-right: 0.3em;padding-left: 0.3em;margin-left: -1px;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: solid;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">在都市圈中心城市布局产业</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">联邦政府采取了一系列的财政转移支付、税收优惠、促进中小企业发展、鼓励西部企业和外国企业到东部地区投资等政策措施。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在政策鼓励下，引入了<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">汽车产业链</strong>，吸引西德著名的大众、奔驰、宝马汽车在莱比锡、德累斯顿、开姆尼茨布局整车生产线、零部件生产工厂。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 70%;height: auto;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-ratio="1.2962382" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB782d3IJSLwciax3l1x2eIM3OpghqdX9Cl5XHvTk8cunAPvwCW7Vx3mCPeYwjAvWz3Jf6yQQiavNw6ug/640?wx_fmt=png" data-w="638"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 6  德国著名汽车品牌在中部都市圈大城市的产业布局</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源: 图片根据大众、宝马、奔驰年报绘制）</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">引入了美国半导体制造商Advanced Micro Devices （AMD）、制造业巨头格罗方德、英飞凌（Infineon），将芯片制造、半导体工厂业务部署德累斯顿。经过多培育，德累斯顿被誉为“萨克森硅谷”，成为欧洲最大的微电子和信息通信产业集群。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">都市圈内部形成了城市间生产性服务业、高新技术产业网络联系，并与区域外城市柏林、捷克首都布拉格形成产业合作。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 90%;height: auto;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 529px;height: 364px;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;" data-ratio="0.6876484560570071" data-type="png" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="520" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="364" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB79yGTeOvY3ibECzbelSwedTkiaZ3NOxGY5XXQS1ZoXbqyQpSHRgABgH4mHuibZg3SpvKnbnJyLU6FHpg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-w="842"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 7 中部都市圈生产性服务业区域联系</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">（图片来源：根据《Vernetzung, Kooperationen, Metropolregionen –Effekte für die wirtschaftliche Zukunft der St?dte 2012》改绘）</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 90%;height: auto;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 559px;height: 393px;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;" data-ratio="0.7026239067055393" data-type="png" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="520" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="393" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB79yGTeOvY3ibECzbelSwedTkrueiapnHH1dDFT4ibNpeOb5fgdWqIWj6F3Lxbge5yycZAwECem9icY6LQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-w="686"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 8  中部都市圈高科技公司内部网络</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">（图片来源：根据《Vernetzung, Kooperationen, Metropolregionen –Effekte für die wirtschaftliche Zukunft der St?dte 2012》改绘）</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">引入并布局<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">太阳能产业</strong>。从柏林州、勃兰登堡州、萨克森州、萨克森-安哈尔特州和图林根州多个地区的太阳能产业工业雇员人数和区域合作看，中部都市圈内的德累斯顿、开姆尼茨、萨克森-安哈尔特和图宾根之间形成更为紧密的产业合作联系。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 90%;height: auto;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 520px;height: 669px;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;" data-ratio="1.2863247863247864" data-type="png" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="520" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="662" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB79yGTeOvY3ibECzbelSwedTkHOV8IT8H5EbIvk6AiazzNDNByMK77BzHKSNk9Y7o7N71eoqFOxynTew/640?wx_fmt=png" data-w="702"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="text-indent: 0em;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 9 中部都市圈太阳能产业联系网络</span></strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">（图片来源：根据《Vernetzung, Kooperationen, Metropolregionen –Effekte für die wirtschaftliche Zukunft der St?dte 2012》改绘）</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 6px;border-style: solid;padding: 10px;width: 100%;border-right-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);border-left-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(32, 14, 11);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">四、精明收缩：非中心城市地区的转型发展</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="overflow: hidden;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(32, 14, 11);text-align: center;padding-right: 0.3em;padding-left: 0.3em;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-right-style: solid;border-bottom-style: solid;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">01</strong></p></section><section style="border-color: rgb(32, 14, 11);text-align: center;padding-right: 0.3em;padding-left: 0.3em;margin-left: -1px;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: solid;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">挖掘传统工艺，打造特色工艺小镇</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">都市圈内中小城镇通过传承工艺传统，挖掘文化产品，打造<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">特色工艺小镇</strong>。例如格拉苏蒂镇、迈森镇、普劳恩市镇，将其传统工艺朗格手表，迈森瓷器，普劳恩花边刺绣，通过<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“传统工艺+文化创新”</strong>成为“萨克森制造”品牌 。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 90%;height: auto;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-ratio="0.575" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB782d3IJSLwciax3l1x2eIM3OOHBc2IZOVkvqI3fJUWiaIicsWpJrygenEoQ5mGSkAze6vfwcfEExRT4Q/640?wx_fmt=png" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 10 萨克森州各城市主导产业示意</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源：根据文献图片改绘，文献来源</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">《德国小城镇收缩研究——以萨克森州为例》）</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="overflow: hidden;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(32, 14, 11);text-align: center;padding-right: 0.3em;padding-left: 0.3em;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-right-style: solid;border-bottom-style: solid;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">02</strong></p></section><section style="border-color: rgb(32, 14, 11);text-align: center;padding-right: 0.3em;padding-left: 0.3em;margin-left: -1px;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: solid;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态修复，打造旅游路线</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">都市圈内非中心城镇地区做<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态修复</strong>，发展成为优美环境。在萨森州建设国家公园、规划 “葡萄酒之路”，形成<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">生态+农业+旅游</strong>的主导产业，避免在这些地区进行大开发。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> </p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 90%;height: auto;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-ratio="0.8625866" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB782d3IJSLwciax3l1x2eIM3Oh7E4dz6zI6yoOu5NST27p9DNSmNyjv05EiadkgB0pE9ZObhqCrEAUPQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-w="866"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 11 萨克森葡萄酒之路</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源:  根据《德国葡萄种植区（十二）萨克森》图片改绘）</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="overflow: hidden;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(32, 14, 11);text-align: center;padding-right: 0.3em;padding-left: 0.3em;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-right-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-right-style: solid;border-bottom-style: solid;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">03</strong></p></section><section style="border-color: rgb(32, 14, 11);text-align: center;padding-right: 0.3em;padding-left: 0.3em;margin-left: -1px;vertical-align: top;border-top-width: 1px;border-bottom-width: 1px;border-left-width: 1px;border-top-style: solid;border-bottom-style: solid;border-left-style: solid;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">形成网络化的交通系统，与核心城市连接便利</strong></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">中部都市圈的州火车票是通用的，连结都市圈的各大中小城市。中小城镇能通过快速有效的城铁设施或是顺畅的都市高速公路系统与核心城市相连接，都能受益于大都市圈协作。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 90%;height: auto;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 568px;height: 427px;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;" data-ratio="0.751472320376914" data-type="png" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="520" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="427" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB79yGTeOvY3ibECzbelSwedTkicCwt1OCXtVdxKcu84S0vN9y1QogQLqmviaE5vgftc5DCjFPhG4yRLibw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-w="849"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 12 截至2008年6月30日</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">德国</span></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">中部大都市区城市地区之间的通勤连接</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">（图片来源：根据《Vernetzung, Kooperationen, Metropolregionen –Effekte für die wirtschaftliche Zukunft der St?dte 2012》改绘）</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">便捷快速的<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">公交系统</strong>让都市圈内的中小城市具有发展的优势：既靠近优美的自然环境，又可方便快捷地到达中心城市，而相比中心城市其住房价格更低。网络化的交通系统让非中心城市流通便捷且不会被边缘化，具有吸引家庭和中小企业的能力。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-width: 0px 0px 0px 6px;border-style: solid;padding: 10px;width: 100%;border-right-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);border-left-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(32, 14, 11);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">五、成果：德累斯顿成为都市圈的增长极</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">德累斯顿在<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">都市圈</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">收缩背景下实现转型</strong>，成为都市圈的<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">增长极</strong>。德累斯顿未来人口年均增长率预测1.5%，属于都市圈内的人口集聚中心；预测未来20岁以下人口比例预测超过15%，是发展潜力最大的城市。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 90%;height: auto;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-ratio="0.7796209" data-type="png" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB782d3IJSLwciax3l1x2eIM3OzsKdKoBd7oU8a7WU8KTVw4meD0V3CQic51hPtIicerbO2l237OFUyVSQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-w="844"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 13 德国未来人口预测</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源：德国经济研究所）</span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">根据德国经济研究所公布的数据，2013-2016年德累斯顿人均就业GDP增长率全德国第一，发展指数位居德国第五，是德国最具经济活力的地区之一。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 90%;height: auto;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img style="width: 541px;height: 605px;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;" data-ratio="1.119309262166405" data-type="png" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="520" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="605" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yXntXceyB79yGTeOvY3ibECzbelSwedTkW6zK7Ctl6ulwIgwI0LrnvLiaOHh9YOUTg1tAg5g09o1rED1zz5KAauA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-w="637"  /></section></section><section style="line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">Figure 14 德国各大城市2013-2016人均就业GDP排行<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="text-align: center;text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">（资料来源：图片源自《HWWI/Berenberg-St?dteranking 2019——Die 30 gr??ten St?dte Deutschlands  im Vergleich》）</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">初审：李郇</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">审核：刘晔</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">终审：邓孺孺</strong></span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 33.33%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 8px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(206, 180, 141);"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="width: 33.33%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(206, 180, 141);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">◆ ◆ ◆ ◆</p></section></section><section style="width: 33.33%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 8px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(206, 180, 141);"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(105, 105, 105);letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章只代表作者观点，文责自负，与本公众号立场无关<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 33.33%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 8px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(206, 180, 141);"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="width: 33.33%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(206, 180, 141);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">◆ ◆ ◆ ◆</p></section></section><section style="width: 33.33%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 8px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(206, 180, 141);"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="line-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0.2em;border: 0.14em solid rgb(46, 72, 161);width: 1em;height: 1em;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;transform: rotate(0deg);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(46, 72, 161);"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 100%;height: 0.14em;margin-right: -1em;margin-left: -1em;vertical-align: middle;display: 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