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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 2px none rgb(255, 202, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(95, 156, 239);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(95, 156, 239);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文需阅读 - 27分钟</p></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0%;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgba(95, 156, 239, 0.69);background-color: rgb(133, 221, 255);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(0, 160, 220);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(133, 221, 255);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(0, 160, 220);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sustainable</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(133, 221, 255);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(0, 160, 220);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Cities &</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(133, 221, 255);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(0, 160, 220);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Mobility</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 2px solid rgb(18, 76, 131);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);padding: 0px 5px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(38, 176, 231, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划与发展战略</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">城市综合交通</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">公共交通与非机动化出行</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">活力街区、街道与城市设计</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">量化城市与大数据</span></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 190, 24);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(100, 212, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">「」</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(100, 212, 255);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2020年<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> | 6</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月19日期</span></strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 40%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 70%;box-shadow: rgb(210, 25, 72) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.0234604" data-w="682" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9klSppAALpZlkjr65Bbib9jeZBT8ZP98KK0SVEE2eoP9meKxROC6xnu4hP9IvLIcSRVZDoBoeQ9Nw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 17%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yFP8XfNvrsMJSozlN32M7vxXBibveYb6Z1UHJ5xKwf4VQmTWPvelfFuw0TMC5hnc6AbhIeNp1D5Ps845XhozKdQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 5px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">团队成员<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 5%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yFP8XfNvrsMJSozlN32M7vxXBibveYb6Z1UHJ5xKwf4VQmTWPvelfFuw0TMC5hnc6AbhIeNp1D5Ps845XhozKdQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yFP8XfNvrsMJSozlN32M7vxXBibveYb6Z1UHJ5xKwf4VQmTWPvelfFuw0TMC5hnc6AbhIeNp1D5Ps845XhozKdQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 150px;height: 150px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid dashed;border-color: rgb(1, 169, 216);padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 5px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 138px;height: 138px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.9778598" data-w="271" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9klSppAALpZlkjr65Bbib9jsBHibo6sCcE0k2we29kfHQdLO6Bmic75Me3W1RKf87ApatNib8Zqeg5ow/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 150px;height: 150px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid dashed;border-color: rgb(1, 169, 216);padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 5px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 138px;height: 138px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="265" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9klSppAALpZlkjr65Bbib9j8QgibjzuOibBQHxvibwY7OTx5EZlwIC5KRBOcNTWI5fmDmEANPVZtnZNg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(255, 202, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yFP8XfNvrsMJSozlN32M7vxXBibveYb6Z1UHJ5xKwf4VQmTWPvelfFuw0TMC5hnc6AbhIeNp1D5Ps845XhozKdQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.5px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">原文/</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"> Chandana Sasidharan</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">翻译/</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 苗雪琪、刘艺玺   </span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">   <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">编辑</strong>/众山小   <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">校核</strong>/众山小</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">文献</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">/蒙超    <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">排版</strong>/众山小</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="color: rgb(128, 178, 188);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">微博 |</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(128, 178, 188);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"> weibo.com/</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 7%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yFP8XfNvrsMJSozlN32M7vxXBibveYb6Z1UHJ5xKwf4VQmTWPvelfFuw0TMC5hnc6AbhIeNp1D5Ps845XhozKdQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yFP8XfNvrsMJSozlN32M7vxXBibveYb6Z1UHJ5xKwf4VQmTWPvelfFuw0TMC5hnc6AbhIeNp1D5Ps845XhozKdQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: -55px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 27%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9klSppAALpZlkjr65Bbib9jC6ycLedulOib8xekyyrszcIgKzAcYWo3ia8GYJoHNPOSdoSL8uIjWU8Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -18px 0% 10px;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);display: inline-block;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.5em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: right;transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 3px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 22px;color: rgb(246, 246, 246);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 5px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览导读</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 96%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(55, 120, 153) 0px 0px 6px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);border-radius: 8px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 15px 8px;box-shadow: rgb(239, 175, 17) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着电动汽车的推广，如何选择电池充电方式、建立相关的充电设施，几乎是所有城市需共同面对的话题。那么，是选择充电还是换电？则一是Chandana Sasidharan撰写有关探讨电动汽车充电系列的第五篇。通过分析目前电动汽车充电的挑战，介绍了换电技术的起源、发展、挑战。和充电相比，换电能降低使用者等待充电时间、对电池充电过程进行更好的热能管理、减少停车空间需求。但是，随着电池的重量增加，换电也变得更有难度，需要接受人工或者全自动机械的辅助。从Better Place的失败教训告诉我们，成本效益和合理规划对于充换电的选择也都非常重要。则二是Chandana Sasidharan撰写有关探讨电动汽车充电系列的第六篇，关注的是电动汽车的无线充电，这尽管听起来似乎是一个比较新颖的概念，然而它的起源可能比你想的要早哦。则二就像你介绍了无线充电的概念，并对其原理、特性和限制进行了简单讲解。它分析了主流无线充电技术面临的两大主要问题，以及克服难题过程中的重要研究群体及其贡献，则二最后对两种无线充电方式（静态和动态）进行了简单的对比和分析。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: -50px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 15%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -70px 0% 0px;font-size: 18px;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 5em;height: 5em;margin: auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table;width: 100%;height: 5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;line-height: 1.2;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);font-size: 15px;padding: 10px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">阅读</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">正文</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -10px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-image: linear-gradient(to left, rgba(252, 136, 141, 0) 0%, rgb(255, 187, 185) 50%, rgba(252, 136, 141, 0) 100%);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/2ghY5eakB8bapjWPqK7FmibkAXOk7U7SS5jDOib2yu3P4ia0F2yDmbFV5JzDNOMia5uRPcN3ITk1rlZ4G2XicDbnFOw/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 25px;color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">则</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(194, 150, 255);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;padding: 0px 7px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></span><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;">则一、充电还是换电</span></strong></span></p><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></span></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 25px;height: 25px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8216704" data-w="443" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/2ghY5eakB8bapjWPqK7FmibkAXOk7U7SS5jDOib2yu3P4ia0F2yDmbFV5JzDNOMia5uRPcN3ITk1rlZ4G2XicDbnFOw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(-90deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);text-shadow: rgb(191, 77, 203) 1px 1px;padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Chandana Sasidharan<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">翻译/ 苗雪琪</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: -20px 0% 30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(158, 78, 10, 0) 0%, rgb(158, 78, 10) 35%, rgb(158, 78, 10) 66%, rgba(158, 78, 10, 0) 100%);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.4672619" data-w="1008" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9klSppAALpZlkjr65Bbib9j4Q0icFuDMuLdlEicDJFwzLGFYFe3n1s6IGq5hjSMWjKiccclmxEsrTAnQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">换电往往被大肆宣传为解决电动汽车充电相关挑战的“银色子弹”。如果你阅读过我写的关于电动汽车充电的其他文章，那么现在你应该知道电池的充电过程非常耗时。电动汽车的核心是电池，常见的电池充电方式是直接将汽车和充电接口相连。像这样电池留在电动汽车内部充电，意味着在整个充电阶段需要将汽车需要在那里。长时间的充电对于已经习惯用油枪快速加油的车主们是个麻烦。多数时候，充电上的时间损失也会带来电动汽车使用者收入上的损失。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电动汽车充电面临的一个互通的、也可能是最大的问题是对充电停车空间的需求。正如我们所知土地价格昂贵，而停车空间需求对任何电动汽车充电业务的可行性影响都是巨大的。从电动汽车充电企业角度来说，空间需求最小是最好的情况。这可以通过在现有停车场提供充电设备等方式来解决土地问题。到时候，如果充电时间能减少，那么同样大小的空间就能服务更多的电动汽车。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">但另一方面，由于充电是一种会产生大量热量的化学反应，热能管理在充电过程中非常重要。实际上，你的充电速度基本取决于电池的热能管理和电池化学技术本身。值得注意的是每次为电动汽车充电时，都必须开启空调系统。热能管理的谈探讨对于有着炎热夏日的热带地区（例如印度）尤其重要。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在印度，由两轮车和三轮车占主导的机动车比例使热能管理问题更加复杂，因为它们本身没有安装制冷系统。碰巧的是现在电动化两轮车和三轮车正在被大力推广，因为它们是更环保和经济的选择。但为这些电池充电又会不同的情况。我们将在另一篇文章中详细聊到两轮车和三轮车的充电问题。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有效解决长时间充电、热能管理、停车空间需求的一种方式是将电池充电过程和汽车能量补给过程分离。你在充电站需要做的事情只是将用完的电池换成充好电的电池。你可以在充电站或者其他地方为电池充电。只要电池充满电，就可以和耗尽电量的电池交换。近期你可能读到过关于在科契和勒克瑙的加油站建设电动三轮车换电设施得新闻。Ola也在古尔冈建设了电动三轮车换电站。你可以在下图看到换电站的充电面板机架。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.562037" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9klSppAALpZlkjr65Bbib9j2ELib7XGj2cX6GNfI5TArYqfL9UV51O4iaSmgKV1hQMZHdUHXfiaz9puQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">换电站的电池充电器。图：Quartz India</strong></em></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设换电设施所需要的占地空间很明显远远小于充电设施。由于换电和充电是两种不同的活动，因此你需要两套营运计划：如何为电池充电以及如何进行换电。这样看上去换电似乎很简单，但是Better Place的经历向我们证明了电池换电运营规划并非小事一桩。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6662088" data-w="728" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9klSppAALpZlkjr65Bbib9jAux2EFTsqpxWTKbhvHibjKaKmQjX4NUr9r6iaZJAh3Dlj6jD6ickOciccg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Better Place换电站的电池充电器。图：Better Place</strong></em></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;letter-spacing: 1px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;letter-spacing: 1px;border-left: 5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(2px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(15, 15, 15);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Better Place和换电</p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">提到换电就无法不提到Better Place。我们现在所知道的电动汽车生态系统中的换电，是由Shai Agassi在以色列开创的。他公司的旨在于2020年提供低价的电动汽车，让世界变成“更好的地方”。而实现的途径就是将传统的汽车改造成电动汽车。由于电池很昂贵，为了降低电动汽车的成本，电池应该越小越好。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">但是电动汽车的续航和电池容量成正比。较小的电池容量意味着Better Place电动汽车的续航更短。这种做法导致的最终后果是Better Place只能为支持更短续航的电动车提出另一个解决方案。他们最初提出的换电方案成本高昂。最后由于多种原因，公司最后破产了。无需赘述，换电也因此落得了恶名。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">总而言之，从Better Place的经历我们可以总结关于一些关于换电的经验：</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><ol class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: decimal;box-sizing: border-box;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如果充电和换电的基础设施不具备成本效益，换电并不是零和博弈</p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如果换电仅仅是为了通过减少电池尺寸来降低电动汽车初期成本，收效甚微</p></li></ol></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;letter-spacing: 1px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(93, 93, 93);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 5px;align-self: stretch;flex: 0 0 auto;border-width: 1px;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(93, 93, 93) rgb(93, 93, 93) rgb(93, 93, 93) rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;letter-spacing: 1px;border-left: 5px none rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为什么还是选择换电？</p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">下一个在你心中的疑问会是“为什么还是选择换电？”。我在前文中已经告诉了你答案。换电提供了舒适的便捷充电以及更小的地产空间足迹。对于用户和服务供应商都是一个方便的解决方案。这也能更好的控制电池充电，毕竟电池价格昂贵。这样也便于监测电池的健康，因为如果电池性能退化那么充电最终会变得高昂。当在热带的气候下电动化不带空调的车辆，例如两轮车和三轮车，换电更为合理。尽管如此，合理的规划换电设施非常重要。</span></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;letter-spacing: 1px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;letter-spacing: 1px;border-left: 5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(2px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(15, 15, 15);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如何交换电池？</p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">换电操作涉及到将电池取出和更换。一个1kWh的锂例子电池重量至少有10kg。这个是一个人独自就可以轻易提起的重量。1kWh通常是两轮车电池的常见容量，为它换电一个人就能完成，只需要将车内电池提起，拿出来放在充电底座，再换上一个充好电的电池。这一切都发生在GOGORO换电站，它外观看上去像一个“酷炫的自动贩卖机”。他们设计中最智能的部分是为电池安装了把手，所以能够向下图所示那样轻易被提起来。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6138889" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9klSppAALpZlkjr65Bbib9jefj14wIAdQTAe10EicrKLI1ezqNfZHicTJCdsZiclQtxibUWsnApewWuIQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Gogoro换电设施 。图：Electrek</strong></em></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着电池重量增加，换电变得更具挑战。不过，还是可以通过另一个人的协助来达到一定配重。如果它们的电池更重，一些换电服务商（例如Lithion Power）会选择协助型换电设施。它们的换电设施都配有助手来帮助电动汽车用户提起电池。两个人就能轻易地处理电动三轮车电池卸下和替换的过程。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其他一些换电服务商（例如Sun mobility）选择专注设计便于一个人提起的顺手、轻便、智能的电池。不论车的类型，Sun mobility的电池都采用统一大小的电池组。尽管两轮车和三轮车电池组的数量不同。例如，两轮车也许只需要一个电池组但是三轮车需要两个或者三个。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7615894" data-w="453" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9klSppAALpZlkjr65Bbib9jbbcgHMicdCuqYoc2vteQ6iadkAeiarKRl0ia4G530kBHW80VSQFwibGgic6g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">中国汽车换电。图：PlugIn India</strong></em></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电动公交车和电动汽车的换电系统要更复杂、更昂贵。随着电池越来越重，需要依靠复杂的液压起重系统。这些系统可以全自动化或是半自动化。在中国，换电站的电动汽车电池是通过人力辅助的液压起重系统提起。Tesla展示的全自动化换电设施设计令人影响深刻，尽管它们很昂贵。类似的，在印度艾哈迈达巴德所建的公交换电设施有前卫的机器人系统来协助换电。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgba(201, 199, 199, 0.62);padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p><video width="100%" height="580" controls="controls"><source src="http://mpvideo.qpic.cn/0bf2vyaakaaajeahz4pmefpfblwdawxaabia.f10002.mp4?dis_k=2270a89f21b3d6ef74a9dcc8467c6ae9&dis_t=1594678974" type="video/mp4"></source></video></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgba(130, 171, 218, 0.5);padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.034375" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/FZnSAd0LlZ46wx5bWU2iaIvDT9GWHwwhngtgS2RqznlgqeTnxHeXxyAZPeAyaKISPK25DVYkClTRfLVhOTaiaPYA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">视频一、Tesla的全自动换电系统</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;letter-spacing: 1px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(93, 93, 93);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 5px;align-self: stretch;flex: 0 0 auto;border-width: 1px;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(93, 93, 93) rgb(93, 93, 93) rgb(93, 93, 93) rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;letter-spacing: 1px;border-left: 5px none rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是充电还是换电？</p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">让我们回到最初“充电和换电”的问题，我们可以得出结论它们各有优缺点。充电可能在任何地方都能实现，因为电几乎无处不在。但是我们无法回避这种方式下由热能管理和电池化学所导致的充电时间局限。另一方面，换电解决了与其相关的充电时间、土地占用、热能管理的问题。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">需要记住的重要一点是高效的汽车设计需要重量尽可能轻。设计一个有笨重电池的电动汽车不总是合理。当有可用的、足够的充电或是换电基础设施时，有小电池的轻量型电动汽车是更好的选择。对于向电动公交和载货汽车等大型车辆，这一点尤其重要，因为越少的电池重量意味着更多乘客、货物承载力。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">选择放电还是充电最终也取决于和换电设施相关的成本。创新的、低成本换电设施设计也许是换电的短期手段，而全自动的换电系统从长期来看是常态。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/2ghY5eakB8bapjWPqK7FmibkAXOk7U7SS5jDOib2yu3P4ia0F2yDmbFV5JzDNOMia5uRPcN3ITk1rlZ4G2XicDbnFOw/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 25px;color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">则</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(194, 150, 255);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;padding: 0px 7px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></span><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;">则二、电动汽车充电方式之无线充电</span></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: -20px 0% 30px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(158, 78, 10, 0) 0%, rgb(158, 78, 10) 35%, rgb(158, 78, 10) 66%, rgba(158, 78, 10, 0) 100%);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 25px;height: 25px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8216704" data-w="443" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/2ghY5eakB8bapjWPqK7FmibkAXOk7U7SS5jDOib2yu3P4ia0F2yDmbFV5JzDNOMia5uRPcN3ITk1rlZ4G2XicDbnFOw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(-90deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);text-shadow: rgb(191, 77, 203) 1px 1px;padding: 0px 20px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Chandana Sasidharan</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">翻译/ 刘艺玺   </p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5313253" data-w="830" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9klSppAALpZlkjr65Bbib9jyEDB22ibh6JFPCWEPYicuibBUfYOo6CBYPgPZLorUZe4AKqhvSNL57XHg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">如今无需任何电线为电动汽车充电已经成为可能。无线充电在两种状态下均可以做到：当车辆停放时，即称为静止充电，而车辆移动时即称为动态充电。正如我们所期望的那样，无线充电使 EV 充电变得相当容易。除了在充电设施上方停车或驾驶之外，驾驶员不需要做太多工作。无需任何插入插座等动作使得充电过程几乎可以自动执行。为了进一步了解无线充电，我们需要了解无线电力传输的工作原理。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;letter-spacing: 1px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;letter-spacing: 1px;border-left: 5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(2px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(15, 15, 15);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一、无线电力传输</p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">在电力领域内，无线充电并不是一个新颖的话题。事实上，Nicolai Tesla，交流电（AC）之父在1890年代就曾尝试过无线电传输。任何现代的无线电动汽车（EV）充电系统和"Tesla"线圈之间的实际的设计上的改变并不多。无线电源传输系统都包括两个部分：发射线圈和接收线圈，它们是磁耦合的。因此，要实现无线充电，电动汽车需要有交流电的接收系统，同时还需要一个发射系统，其具体形式可以是如图 1 所示的充电板，或者也可能位于地下，如图 2 所示嵌入道路内。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6680556" data-w="720" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9klSppAALpZlkjr65Bbib9j95Zbd9RWsCqEcpbGayicJ91CYvhMdYYKVqq7drUlHIeRPm2cNiaO8MsQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、EV所用的无线充电板</strong></em></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;letter-spacing: 1px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;letter-spacing: 1px;border-left: 5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(2px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(15, 15, 15);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">二、仅限于高频交流电</p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">这里要记住的一个重要概念是，只有交流电才能实现无线传输。这是因为没有交流电，就无法实现电磁感应或磁共振，这两种最常见的无线电传输方式。在电磁感应的情况下，发射装置产生的磁场会使接收器中产生电流。两者的区别在于，电磁感应可以以任何频率发生，但磁共振只以独特的频率发生。磁共振是一种特殊的电磁感应，当两个磁场在共振频率下同步时发生。后者的重要性体现在磁共振时电力传递的效率会提高。要知道，Nicolai Tesla的无线电线圈就是基于磁共振原理的。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">万万不要忘记，电池只接受直流电，而无线电源是交流电。因此，当为 EV 充电时，交流电仍需要转换为直流电。并且完成这一功能的转换器是车载充电装置的一部分。因此，实现无线电源传输是无法绕过充电器来进行的。故而要做到无线充电，电动汽车应同时配有接收器和充电器。一辆 EV 的最大功率限制取决于车载充电器的容量。需要注意到，车载充电器的重量会影响车辆总的推进效率。随着充电器功率的增加，车载充电器会越来越重，而更大的重量并不意味着更高的效率。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在这篇文章之前，您是否知道电动汽车无线充电的第一项专利于 1894 年提交？</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">需要记住的第二件事是，频率为 50/60 赫兹的常规交流电不适用于无线电力输送。为了获得更好的效率，一般先将常规交流电转换为高频交流电，然后馈送到发射系统进行无线电力传输。另一种可能的无线充电方法，即使用电容传递高频交流电。通常频率可以是 20，60 或 85 kHz。随之而来的就是WPT（无线电力输送）的主要问题，那就是效率以及高频带来的电磁干扰问题，接下来我们将逐一研究这两个问题。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.65625" data-w="768" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9klSppAALpZlkjr65Bbib9jOgpibCV2N4hqHKUPlL5rEaSkmwHsoz9hectzGBZ67IibdgtGgibheD9wQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、具有地下发射器的EV无线充电设施</strong></em></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;letter-spacing: 1px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(93, 93, 93);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 5px;align-self: stretch;flex: 0 0 auto;border-width: 1px;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(93, 93, 93) rgb(93, 93, 93) rgb(93, 93, 93) rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;letter-spacing: 1px;border-left: 5px none rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">三、电磁干扰</p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">人们对无线充电产生的强电磁场以及由此引起的非电离辐射的健康风险有诸多担忧。但事实上，有严格的指南规定了可用于 EV 充电的频率，以防止其干扰其他电信系统。同时，与充电器一起部署的还有防护设备，以避免不必要的纠纷。虽然大多数问题都有望通过商业化来解决，但应该铭记一点，无线充电必然伴随高功率的辐射。</span></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;letter-spacing: 1px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;letter-spacing: 1px;border-left: 5px solid rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(2px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(15, 15, 15);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">四、效率</p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">无线充电研究的开拓者是加州大学伯克利分校的研究人员。在他们著名的项目PATH中，他们建造了一条为电动公共汽车充电的公路，从而为这项技术提供了概念可行性的证明。WPT 面临的主要挑战之一是其效率的低下。与插入式充电（90-95%）相比，无线充电的效率相当低（60-70%）。幸运的是，有很多研究人员致力于解决这个问题。该问题产生的主要原因之一是发射机和接收器之间的损耗。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">韩国KAIST大学（韩国科学技术院）的研究人员在将无线充电效率提高到90%以上的进程中起到了非常重要的作用。他们还负责开发电动公交车中流行的大功率动态充电系统。在一个名为OLEV（线上电动汽车）的非常昂贵的项目中，他们开发了一个系统，可以在公共汽车移动和停车时为其充电。下图 3 中列出了系统的原理图，可以看到系统具有道路嵌入式电源线。当车辆的接收器正确对齐时，该特定发射器段将打开并充电。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.562963" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9klSppAALpZlkjr65Bbib9jiaEeRDU9eTfJ41zicj5ia275D7wLIwpb5AyXVJulYbb4ygyeX0tGbvziaw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、某动态无线充电系统原理图</strong></em></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;letter-spacing: 1px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(93, 93, 93);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 5px;align-self: stretch;flex: 0 0 auto;border-width: 1px;height: auto;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(93, 93, 93) rgb(93, 93, 93) rgb(93, 93, 93) rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;letter-spacing: 1px;border-left: 5px none rgb(0, 0, 0);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: flex-start;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 18px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">五、静态与动态</p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">当我们谈论效率时，有必要研究动力系统的总体效率。EV 电池的主要问题是，随着电池尺寸的增加，电池会变重。重量是高效车辆推进系统设计的重要参数，最高效的设计通常是重量最小的。借由无线充电技术，将来有望使用更小的电池组设计车辆传动列车。因此，动态充电可以通过减小电池组尺寸来帮助降低电动汽车的成本。通过道路嵌入式充电线，此类系统可在电动汽车行驶时实现充电。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">使用动态充电，电动汽车可能永远不需要为了充电而停下。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">另一方面，静态充电系统的成本较低。当车辆选择便捷充电时，它们会随之流行。因为不需要对电线进行插拔操作，驾驶员没有触电的安全隐患。有许多公司，如WiTricity，Plugless，和Momentum dynamics等都在研究真正酷的充电器来为小汽车和公共汽车服务。这些充电器将彻底变革停车场和车库的充电。关于车库中电动汽车无线充电的视频如下</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(192, 255, 116);padding: 10px;border-radius: 10px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p><video width="100%" height="580" controls="controls"><source src="http://mpvideo.qpic.cn/0bf2maaamaaahuahvehmenpfaygdazqaabqa.f10002.mp4?dis_k=16f1779a1a965880acf955a1e1666bd1&dis_t=1594678974" type="video/mp4"></source></video></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 190, 24);padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.034375" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/FZnSAd0LlZ46wx5bWU2iaIvDT9GWHwwhngtgS2RqznlgqeTnxHeXxyAZPeAyaKISPK25DVYkClTRfLVhOTaiaPYA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">视频二、电动汽车无线充电系统解决方案</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(68, 231, 236);box-sizing: 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