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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4baE2hxn8EZHx6BTe77dGghVibG5vxEJTmKDVWFqLHqQNZlK2aHy3RlO3w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-attachment: scroll;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 85%;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 6px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: 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255);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(0, 160, 220);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sustainable</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(133, 221, 255);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 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border-box;">Mobility</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 2px solid rgb(18, 76, 131);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);padding: 0px 5px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划与发展战略</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">城市综合交通</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">公共交通与非机动化出行</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(38, 176, 231, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;">活力街区、街道与城市设计</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">量化城市与大数据</span></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(255, 190, 24);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(100, 212, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">「」</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(100, 212, 255);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2020年<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> | 6</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月20日期</span></strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 40%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 70%;box-shadow: rgb(210, 25, 72) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4baesu60cmvDcPhuupkjdBGTg65D1uGw9oZso29ibcv8ISyMpOtJRpmloQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.7074074074074074" data-w="1080"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 17%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yFP8XfNvrsMJSozlN32M7vxXBibveYb6Z1UHJ5xKwf4VQmTWPvelfFuw0TMC5hnc6AbhIeNp1D5Ps845XhozKdQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 5px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">团队成员<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 5%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yFP8XfNvrsMJSozlN32M7vxXBibveYb6Z1UHJ5xKwf4VQmTWPvelfFuw0TMC5hnc6AbhIeNp1D5Ps845XhozKdQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yFP8XfNvrsMJSozlN32M7vxXBibveYb6Z1UHJ5xKwf4VQmTWPvelfFuw0TMC5hnc6AbhIeNp1D5Ps845XhozKdQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 150px;height: 150px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid dashed;border-color: rgb(1, 169, 216);padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 5px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 138px;height: 138px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4ba8Aaq9gSe5Eae5saTklxKYFpicXJmc9eUcEBqaSicdUNic3wevIibIoZUxQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.9962406015037594" data-w="266"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 150px;height: 150px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid dashed;border-color: rgb(1, 169, 216);padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 5px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 138px;height: 138px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4baQTk0RBibV2Ga0TNgF6BGzq3t47LJFD0Ijn3C9dLgyFVHpxdyY0Q8avg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="1" data-w="265"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(255, 202, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yFP8XfNvrsMJSozlN32M7vxXBibveYb6Z1UHJ5xKwf4VQmTWPvelfFuw0TMC5hnc6AbhIeNp1D5Ps845XhozKdQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.5px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">原文</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">/ Nicholas de Monchaux、Kate Connolly </span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">翻译</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">/杜继华    <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">编辑</strong>/众山小  <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">校核</strong>/张小韫</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">文献</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">/李蔓林    <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">排版</strong>/众山小</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="color: rgb(128, 178, 188);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">微博 |</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(128, 178, 188);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"> weibo.com/</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 7%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yFP8XfNvrsMJSozlN32M7vxXBibveYb6Z1UHJ5xKwf4VQmTWPvelfFuw0TMC5hnc6AbhIeNp1D5Ps845XhozKdQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/yFP8XfNvrsMJSozlN32M7vxXBibveYb6Z1UHJ5xKwf4VQmTWPvelfFuw0TMC5hnc6AbhIeNp1D5Ps845XhozKdQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: -55px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 27%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9klSppAALpZlkjr65Bbib9jC6ycLedulOib8xekyyrszcIgKzAcYWo3ia8GYJoHNPOSdoSL8uIjWU8Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -18px 0% 10px;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);display: inline-block;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.5em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: right;transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 3px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 22px;color: rgb(246, 246, 246);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 5px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览导读</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 96%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(55, 120, 153) 0px 0px 6px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);border-radius: 8px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 15px 8px;box-shadow: rgb(239, 175, 17) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">受疫情影响，城市街道正逐步凋零，公共空间罕有人至。则一作者从历史角度出发，探讨了街道、公园公共空间在城市发展和建设中的重要性，探讨了公共空间与传染性疾病的关系，呼吁城市建设更应关注那些公平、弹性的城市空间。而则二关注的是世界多数城市在疫情期间采取了机动车限行政策，这使得长期被机动车占用的道路空间被释放出来，为了充分利用空旷的道路空间和缩减疫情期间公共交通的压力，许多城市的政府将机动车道改设为自行车道，并推崇绿色出行。没有了交通拥堵和尾气污染的城市让政府开始思考将这一政策长期保留的想法。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: -50px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 15%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -70px 0% 0px;font-size: 18px;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 5em;height: 5em;margin: auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table;width: 100%;height: 5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;line-height: 1.2;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);font-size: 15px;padding: 10px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">阅读</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">正文</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -10px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-image: linear-gradient(to left, rgba(252, 136, 141, 0) 0%, rgb(255, 187, 185) 50%, rgba(252, 136, 141, 0) 100%);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/2ghY5eakB8bapjWPqK7FmibkAXOk7U7SS5jDOib2yu3P4ia0F2yDmbFV5JzDNOMia5uRPcN3ITk1rlZ4G2XicDbnFOw/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 25px;color: rgb(88, 87, 150);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">则一</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(194, 150, 255);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 20px;padding: 0px 7px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">后疫情时代城市可以拥有更公平更有韧性的公共空间</strong></span></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;font-size: 0px;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 5px;height: 5px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-right: 2px solid rgb(194, 150, 255);border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(194, 150, 255);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="transform: rotateZ(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 0px;margin: -2px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 7px;height: 7px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-right: 2px solid rgb(194, 150, 255);border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(194, 150, 255);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;border-top: 1px solid rgb(194, 150, 255);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(255, 182, 240);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;margin: 4px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 7px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(255, 205, 215) 0%, rgb(184, 168, 255) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/Nicholas de Monchaux</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(255, 205, 215) 0%, rgb(184, 168, 255) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">翻译/杜继华</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px) rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-end;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 0px;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 5px;height: 5px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-right: 2px solid rgb(255, 182, 240);border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(255, 182, 240);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="transform: rotateZ(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 0px;margin: -2px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 7px;height: 7px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-right: 2px solid rgb(255, 182, 240);border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(255, 182, 240);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4bam7In8ZLTLUlmKPLVsVibcfZ9lkeXpdDHCLLmvIHQIf9IIAXtY8wCKSQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.4648148148148148" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4bakWUibCdgXnZPKhf72USfKdH20JibdOvZIe1y9YviaZ9d83QiaGOiayVQQug/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.43425925925925923" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4basZ1vHAYLXCvFkmCpcKrtXQb6308Ouick6EaQhLvcn3YgOoeb3a0ZBEA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.43703703703703706" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 70px;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/L5a17yLg524J8ZlicjKhxtr6FXhibiaIbErLDsqKOhvnS0jeAO2PJT1O2QFKuEP53EEBzj0yC62wFcqjSiclPZCAVQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" data-ratio="0.855" data-w="400"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 2px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(255, 205, 215) 0%, rgb(184, 168, 255) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(88, 87, 150);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">后疫情时代城市可以拥有更公平更有韧性的公共空间</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1979年4月3日，天气晴朗而寒冷，时称“灰色巴塞罗那”的城市举行了自1934年以来的第一次地方自由选举。不久，新任规划总监Oriol Bohigas通过一项新政策，把本市的市民生活从佛朗哥独裁时代腐败混乱的阴霾中拯救出来，消除了“灰色巴塞罗那”这个不受欢迎的绰号。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与市长和规划师喜欢的的总体规划和形象工程项目不同，该政策实现了对城市步行空间的“同质化”改造快速而大量的投资。通过大量的护理和修复，新的花岗岩和瓷砖地板铺满了各类社区的人行道和广场（无论是富人区还是穷人区）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不管走到哪里，无论你是何身份，地面似乎一直提供着舒适可达的服务。即使1992年奥运会还是带来了总体规划和形象工程，那些通畅的基础设施建设以及随之而来的城市复兴，让公共空间像河流一样串联起整个城市。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4baibxOEj8IKiaBoKnRs97tkhP8LLicqVKlGLYgXlXpmkrzQAqGnmnwjRIyg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.6675925925925926" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">巴塞罗那的行人（ Emilio Parra Doiztua于2019年为《纽约时报》拍摄）</strong></em></p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在四十年前的另一片大陆上，即使美国的城市景观对各类社群都一视同仁，但镀金时代的到来还是加速了社会的分化，从当时曼哈顿针尖一般高耸入云的公寓塔楼到旧金山被大科技公司士绅化却依然满地毒品针头的Tenderloin社区，都预示了严重不平等的未来 。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">直到今天，我在通勤路途中常常看到这样的景象：在奥克兰市中心的一条人行道上，左侧是流浪汉们拥挤的营地；右侧停靠着闪亮的带雨棚的高科技巴士；中间的人只能从夹缝中穿过。现如今，这种情况在美国十分常见，这种情景也和城市本身一样久远。实际上在许多城市，同一个街道空间中，居住者却有着完全不同的生活环境。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">然而，这种街道空间带来的种种重叠也拥有创造机遇、聚集人群的巨大潜力。自巴塞罗那灰色时代阴影中走出来的规划师和社区管理者深谙此道，这种潜力有着将城市群融为一体的能力。就像化学实验中的催化剂一样，人行道和街道空间是城市中所有要素聚集在一起，相互反应并产生能量的平台。这是因为公共空间为形形色色的人群提供了与交流的机会，而产生了人们能够想象出的形形色色的场景，像是餐馆老板、遛狗的人、去深夜俱乐部社交的人等等。公平的使用城市街道，以及在繁华都市生活中必要的创造力和技能，是城市生活的本质。随着时代的变换，城市发展出规则的街道来敷设公有基础设施。但是，街道创造的公平和可达的公共空间是所有这些基础设施中最重要的。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在新冠疫情危机下，我们可以看到居家隔离政策导致的街道活动缺失，这对创意性和基础性的小型商企业带来了破坏性的打击。随着街道的消亡，失去了制造相遇和邂逅的街道空间，人们也随之感到失落。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现在已经有很多著作讨论这次疫情带来了重新设计或建设城市的机会，但是这种言论似乎忽视了一点：传染病和城市生活本身就密不可分。街道的聚集力量促使人们分享和创造，但也可能促进了传染病的传播——这是一个和城市本身一样古老的问题，解决这个问题的方法就是提供一些最好、最有效的公共空间。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4bagtoCNLTff6NGF79hTQoleP88jCLmBAz5CCgDAuGgfsyhJLibaVth8mg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.7287037037037037" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1893年的中央公园贝塞斯达喷泉 </strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图片来源：国会图书馆</strong></em></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4bauHcd57HIc30DsNlkKP9FB56hCGQPFhRZRS6j9pP9GX9Rot8n1zhRZg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.7287037037037037" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五月的中央公园贝塞斯达露台 人们保持社交安全距离 图片来源Cindy Ord/Getty Images</strong></em></p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">19世纪时的观念认为，疟疾（malaria，即意大利语的“坏空气“）源于通风不良，这激发了Frederick Law Olmsted设计纽约中央公园和波士顿的绿宝石项链公园带的灵感，自此城市公园成为了每个城市最宜人的公共场所；19世纪30年代在巴黎流行的霍乱催生了欧洲最庞大的下水道系统——城市林荫大道和下水道上的公共空间也应运而生；在巴塞罗那，霍乱也在低收入阶层狭窄的社区中猖獗，这也使得巴塞罗那在城市扩建区域，规划了更加开阔的城市空间格局（该规划由Ildefons Cerdà在1859年—1897年操刀并落地，但在当时被市民诟病城市风格“太美国”）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">时至今日，这些项目依然体现了城市健康与其内部的复杂系统息息相关的思想——平等而有效的城市内部循环优于一切。然而，从旧金山的Mission Bay到曼哈顿的哈德逊广场，过去十年来，太多的城市投资都致力于创造或改造出寸土寸金的城市中心，而不是提升和扩展这些片区之间的城市空间。而这些城市中心之间的空间——路途而非终点——才是城市经济所需要的。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px) rotateY(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgba(34, 82, 237, 0.36);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: center;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;margin: 0px -7px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 0px;justify-content: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 15px;height: 15px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 50%;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgba(34, 82, 237, 0.14) -4px 4px 12px inset;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(135, 69, 255) 0%, rgb(74, 179, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 0px;justify-content: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 28px;height: 28px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 50%;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-shadow: rgba(34, 82, 237, 0.14) -4px 4px 12px inset;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: center;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgba(34, 82, 237, 0.36);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/2ghY5eakB8bapjWPqK7FmibkAXOk7U7SS5jDOib2yu3P4ia0F2yDmbFV5JzDNOMia5uRPcN3ITk1rlZ4G2XicDbnFOw/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 25px;color: rgb(88, 87, 150);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">则二</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;align-self: center;border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(194, 150, 255);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 22px;padding: 0px 7px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-225deg, rgb(105, 234, 203) 0%, rgb(234, 204, 248) 48%, rgb(102, 84, 241) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“更清洁，更环保”：Covid-19疫情释放了世界道路空间</strong></span></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: flex-start;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;font-size: 0px;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 5px;height: 5px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-right: 2px solid rgb(194, 150, 255);border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(194, 150, 255);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="transform: rotateZ(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 0px;margin: -2px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 7px;height: 7px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-right: 2px solid rgb(194, 150, 255);border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(194, 150, 255);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;border-top: 1px solid rgb(194, 150, 255);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(255, 182, 240);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;margin: 4px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 7px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(255, 205, 215) 0%, rgb(184, 168, 255) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文/Kate Connolly </strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: transparent;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(255, 205, 215) 0%, rgb(184, 168, 255) 100%);display: inline-block;-webkit-background-clip: text;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">翻译/杜继华</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: auto;align-self: flex-end;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px) rotateX(180deg) rotateY(180deg);display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-end;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;border-width: 0px;align-self: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 0px;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 5px;height: 5px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-right: 2px solid rgb(255, 182, 240);border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(255, 182, 240);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="transform: rotateZ(180deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 0px;margin: -2px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 7px;height: 7px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-right: 2px solid rgb(255, 182, 240);border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(255, 182, 240);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4bauJrkEeJ5YqR96YUvx5O9od2GHR7yBGRGGAIbpExYe1PnGI2nBCEHVg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.5625" data-w="976"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">题图：疫情释放了世界道路空间</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 70px;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/L5a17yLg524J8ZlicjKhxtr6FXhibiaIbErLDsqKOhvnS0jeAO2PJT1O2QFKuEP53EEBzj0yC62wFcqjSiclPZCAVQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" data-ratio="0.855" data-w="400"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: auto;align-self: center;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 2px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(255, 205, 215) 0%, rgb(184, 168, 255) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(88, 87, 150);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">雅典市长声明将“解放”道路空间，与之类似的是巴黎声称不会让这座城市恢复疫情之前车辆拥堵的交通情况。而在柏林，几乎一夜之间就出现了14英里（22公里）的新自行车道。</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">从都柏林到悉尼，骑行和步行为主的重塑城市浪潮正席卷全球，与之而来的空旷的街道使当局政府有了实施和推进大型项目的机会。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4baYt2l1f3tDNgiagicAJbsG7yezvvy9Y7522z2JWuBrb0D9Iib8szjWrhicw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.6" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一 布达佩斯12英里长的永久自行车道 摄影：Zoltán Balogh/EPA</em></strong></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因为担心小汽车游说组织的阻挠，骑行倡导者和环保主义者一直敦促各国政府，希望绿色出行计划即使在疫情之后也能够长期保留。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">希腊首都市长Kostas Bakoyannis称，疫情推进了该市正着手的一项宏伟复兴计划——为骑行者和行人分配50,000平方米的城市道路空间。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">该计划的主体将是一条连接古迹遗址和历史城市中心的长达四英里的“步行通廊”。并对雅典卫城下的城区将采取加宽人行道、主干道步行化改造、广场扩建、车辆禁行等一系列措施。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4ba05rBqqunGYdXJm6NDMWUHuPpDaSzAnn20De6f6RZs1pxyccLXbSSrw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.6" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二 骑行者驰骋在雅典市中心的街道 摄影：Aris Messinis/AFP via Getty Images</strong></em></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这位去年上任的史上最年轻雅典市长Bakoyannis公开表示，疫情可能促进了基础设施建设，缩减了数年的建设时间。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">他说：“这是一次推进公共设施建设的千载难逢的机会。我们的目标是解放被机动车占用的城市道路空间，并将其提供给想要步行和体验城市的人群……这会使雅典变得更加清洁、绿色、敞亮。”</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">布达佩斯上个月在一些最繁忙的道路上引入了12英里的临时自行车道。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">去年很大程度上依靠绿色环保组织而当选为该市市长的Gergely Karácsony顺利地开通了这条自行车道，背后的原因是疫情期间许多人对依赖该市出色但过分拥挤的公共交通系统感到不适。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市长办公室表示正在密切关注交通变化，当生活恢复正常，一部分临时车道依然会有保留的可能。市长办公室计划针对在何处、以何种方式引入更多的自行车道的问题进行公众咨询。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">巴黎已经增设了约20英里的临时自行车道，这一举措极大地激怒了小汽车游说组织，这些人向市政厅提出抗议，声称他们的权利受到侵占。他们用私家车封锁了例如Rue de Rivoli至Rue Saint Antoine（一条东西向的主要道路）之类的主干道，并提议在该市另建30英里的自行车道。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">巴黎当局将推动自行车出行计划列入2000万欧元（合1800万英镑）的“Plan Vélo”单车规划，每位巴黎市民可以获得50欧元用于修理旧自行车，以鼓励市民使用自行车出行。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4baaTesibu0ibGGhxviaNXj4IKoaMyJf4iaSYxubZP0U1LLFyQ4SkTGtGInCA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.6" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图三 巴黎凯旋门附近的骑行者 摄影：Bertrand Guay/AFP via Getty Images</span></em></strong></p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新一轮骑行出行的支持者援引最近的几项研究，其中一项表明，巴黎的汽车平均行驶距离为2.5英里（对大多数人来说是一个合理舒适的骑行距离），同时，另一项研究表明，疫情期间的尾气排放现象明显减少，这极大地改善了城市的空气质量。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">巴黎市长Anne Hidalgo其实早在2014年当选市长之前，就已经劝说市民放弃私家车改用自行车出行，并将此观念作为她主要的政治主张之一。尽管小汽车倡导者希望在疫情得到控制之后，恢复机动车路权，但Hidalgo声明，这座城市不必要再陷入到疫情前的交通堵塞和汽车污染的情况中。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">爱尔兰首都都柏林市的议会已分出大量的侧边车道供行人和骑行者使用，以保证可能常态化的“临时出行计划”顺利实施，该计划目的是使人们在公共场所保持安全社交距离。都柏林市当局承诺将在靠近Trinity College的College Green区域和市中心其他一些区域做出更巨大的转变。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">该举意在商店与商务活动于12-18个月之后恢复之时，在那些原本拥堵的道路上任然能为行人和骑行者提供可以漫游城市的空间。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4baZgnh39qKfCtVZ20ia4uQexI0gr63QCunNsPnqtywtPaxJM7Aiadlu1bg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.6" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图四 都柏林的一条临时自行车道 摄影：Brian Lawless/PA</span></strong></em></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">米兰作为欧洲污染最严重的城市之一，交通拥堵情况一向十分严重，但在疫情期间，该市的空气污染降低了30%-70%。米兰官方表示将在夏季改造22英里的街道空间，这项改造举措是归还道路空间给步行和骑行人群的计划之一。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">罗马市政厅已批准了93英里的自行车道的建设，以提高城市的可持续性，同时批准了保持安全社交距离的条例。根据政府的财务政策，人口在5万或以上的城镇的居民可以申请最多500欧元的自行车购车补贴，该补贴还适用于滑板车、电动车、平衡车。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来自哥伦比亚的Egan Bernal赢得了上年度环法自行车赛冠军，这在波哥大掀起了一场骑行潮。每到周日，数百英里的高速公路都会禁止机动车通行，骑行者可以在没有废气和喇叭的道路上畅行。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市民的热情也感染了市长Claudia López，她本人也开始热衷于骑行，为了应对疫情，该市计划缩减公共交通使用量至原有使用量的35%。作为计划之一，该市将引入更多的自行车道。波哥大市当局在上周宣布将在已建的300英里自行车道的基础之上，再新建50英里的自行车道。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4baQuzibK632z2O5KYvX1jqUjTAQia25WibX0FdIbnZGs4N2RCPwfmLdNGrA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.6" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图五 波哥大的骑行者 摄影：Raúl Arboleda/AFP via Getty Images</span></strong></em></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% -15px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);opacity: 0.99;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20px;vertical-align: middle;height: auto;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);align-self: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0%;justify-content: flex-start;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icjP4CIfwwdqMSXN8Wvhnr3UrfVAmY1NdXoevLXqVXRlpTICSOVkJ3uzoXTCBeFbjA7Q6fbjLPVRgPB4F2ZoCDQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="1.375" data-w="112"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;padding: 1px;background-image: linear-gradient(-40deg, rgb(203, 144, 120) 0%, rgb(166, 91, 203) 100%);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 20px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;padding: 0px 15px;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">波哥大交通部长Nicolás Estupi?an在公布城南有多达七千工人使用自行车道时说：“每天都有更多的波哥大人在骑行，并一直坚持！”</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从布鲁塞尔到悉尼也发生了类似的情形，而美国众多城市的交通运输部门都表示，出现了“自行车爆发”的现象。从加利福尼亚的“慢行街道”计划到纽约逐步关闭大量的街道，这些城市表示将计划永久性改变城市道路分配。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在柏林，新建一条自行车道原本可能需要长达十年的时间，但是在疫情期间，3到10天的时间里就可以通过增设信标的方式从机动车道分离出长达14英里的自行车道。市政府官员声明，大多数自行车道将保留，并指出越来越多的柏林人（最新统计为43％）不再使用汽车出行，而自行车出行将有助于减轻公共交通的负担。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">德国汽车协会ADAC对那些政客在全国各大城市中采用的“紧急应对措施”持高度批评态度。ADAC的Volker Krane对德国媒体说：“不管是机动车出行的暂时减少，还是自行车出行顺带的增加，都不能用来作为强制、永久性地分配道路空间的理由”。他也表示增设自行车道也不能确保骑行者的安全。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">即使在一些并未出台明文政策鼓励自行车出行的城市，骑行者依然变得越来越瞩目。在约旦首都安曼，骑行者表示，机动车禁行约六周的时间里，他们享受到在没有机动车那侵略性的驾驶文化的道路上出行的乐趣。</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -20px 0% 30px;box-sizing: border-box;" 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