国匠城工作台

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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section powered-by="gulangu" style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4baUhpOAVj9H5WmYYCIBYGYAGYo1fH48icbf63E7wfkMj5PdtYeWPwvxHA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg");background-position: 40.9336% 119.565%;background-repeat: repeat;background-size: 100.761%;background-attachment: scroll;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 85%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 6px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4baUhpOAVj9H5WmYYCIBYGYAGYo1fH48icbf63E7wfkMj5PdtYeWPwvxHA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="1.413888888888889" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0%;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(45, 80, 59);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 15px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">看着街头巷尾，满城蓬勃</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">星汉灿烂，若出其里</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(228, 105, 11, 0.82);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“城市烟火气 处处我和你”</strong></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着两会期间李克强总理的点赞<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而成为近期的社会大热点</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">引起了全民参与、全民讨论的热潮</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本期我们请到了</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">资深地产大亨和精致小店经营者<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一起来聊一聊</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市烟火气的前世今生</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">希望你通过我们的声音</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">感受到城市街头巷尾的温度</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">也把握市民经济发展的脉搏</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(228, 105, 11, 0.82);box-sizing: border-box;">扫码或者点击阅读原文收听！</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 2px none rgb(255, 202, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(200, 166, 32);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.8;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文需阅读 - 33 分钟</p></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0%;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgba(95, 156, 239, 0.69);background-color: rgb(200, 166, 32);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-shadow: rgb(237, 194, 113) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(18, 43, 136);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(200, 166, 32);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(18, 43, 136);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sustainable</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(200, 166, 32);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(18, 43, 136);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Cities &</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(200, 166, 32);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(18, 43, 136);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Mobility</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 2px solid rgb(237, 194, 113);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(179, 179, 179);padding: 0px 5px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(200, 166, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划与发展战略</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">城市综合交通</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">公共交通与非机动化出行</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">活力街区、街道与城市设计</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">量化城市与大数据</span></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(200, 166, 32);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">「」</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(200, 166, 32);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2020年<span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> | 6</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月22日期</span></strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 40%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 60%;box-shadow: rgb(237, 194, 113) 0px 0px 0px;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8vTyUmw73EOkRkyMNEa4bazufVOEHm2cFKO5ibpiaBCJCV4OvS8nebHReKv5I3IVoTVicXsq2Op7ong/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" data-ratio="0.9324074074074075" data-w="1080"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 17%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicnKNGicQ5ANtTZskkLQ3MRkyfFYiat78crpicxO0lPHs0SgibqicicjwNY2otG9Fzf2AnhVFbmmfR1dMPA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 5px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">团队成员<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 5%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicnKNGicQ5ANtTZskkLQ3MRkyfFYiat78crpicxO0lPHs0SgibqicicjwNY2otG9Fzf2AnhVFbmmfR1dMPA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicnKNGicQ5ANtTZskkLQ3MRkyfFYiat78crpicxO0lPHs0SgibqicicjwNY2otG9Fzf2AnhVFbmmfR1dMPA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 150px;height: 150px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgba(118, 178, 124, 0);border-radius: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid dashed;border-color: rgb(1, 169, 216);padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 5px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 138px;height: 138px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img 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138px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaicnKNGicQ5ANtTZskkLQ3MRkRRibTJ2fUMBLaT2RndKibX8nkKYLiaSRIHq9zuCWAwtjeNGf5U1L11ZAQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.9990740740740741" data-w="1080"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(255, 202, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicnKNGicQ5ANtTZskkLQ3MRkyfFYiat78crpicxO0lPHs0SgibqicicjwNY2otG9Fzf2AnhVFbmmfR1dMPA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.5px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">原文</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">/ 麦肯锡, </span><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Hauke Engel, Alastair Hamilton</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Solveigh Hieronimus, Tomas Nauclér, David Fine</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Dickon Pinner, Matt Rogers, Sophie Bertreau</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">Peter Cooper, Sebastien Leger </span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">翻译</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">/沈德瑶  </span><strong style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">排版</strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">/众山小  </span><strong style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">校核</strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">/众山小  </span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">文献</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">/黄婷婷  <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">编辑</strong>/众山小</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(128, 178, 188);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">微博 |</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"> weibo.com/</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 7%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicnKNGicQ5ANtTZskkLQ3MRkyfFYiat78crpicxO0lPHs0SgibqicicjwNY2otG9Fzf2AnhVFbmmfR1dMPA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicnKNGicQ5ANtTZskkLQ3MRkyfFYiat78crpicxO0lPHs0SgibqicicjwNY2otG9Fzf2AnhVFbmmfR1dMPA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: -55px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 27%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="120" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicnKNGicQ5ANtTZskkLQ3MRkicmZPk5rF6COOwU2dbMVyephAWZ9fQ4BEPdUJLlCiaxbyeuqJz1DVwRA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;background-color: rgba(68, 161, 198, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -18px 0% 10px;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);display: inline-block;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.5em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: right;transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 3px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 22px;color: rgb(246, 246, 246);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 5px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览导读</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 96%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(55, 120, 153) 0px 0px 6px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(239, 70, 70);border-radius: 8px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 15px 8px;box-shadow: rgb(249, 243, 175) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新冠疫情对世界各国的社会经济状况造成重大打击，全球范围的经济衰退似乎已不可避免，这迫使各国政府采取前所未有的财政对策。但正如世界在2007-08年金融危机后所看到的那样，迅速恢复经济生活可能会对环境造成危害。疫情后的经济复苏期正值应对气候变化的关键期，它将决定我们是否能达到2015年《巴黎协定》中制定的减排目标，将全球变暖的幅度控制在1.5°C至2°C之间。麦肯锡日前发布了一份由多国学者共同撰写的报告，提出各国应在制定经济复苏计划时充分考虑其生态效益，创建低碳的经济刺激模式，以兼顾经济复苏和生态改善。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文由多国学者共同撰写：Hauke Engel、Alastair Hamilton、Solveigh Hieronimus、Tomas Nauclér、David Fine、Dickon Pinner、Matt Rogers、Sophie Bertreau、Peter Cooper和Sebastien Leger，代表了公共社会领域以及可持续发展研究的观点。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: -50px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 15%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgba(61, 26, 14, 0.83);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -70px 0% 0px;font-size: 18px;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 5em;height: 5em;margin: auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table;width: 100%;height: 5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;line-height: 1.2;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);font-size: 15px;padding: 10px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">阅读</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">正文</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: -10px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-image: linear-gradient(to left, rgba(252, 136, 141, 0) 0%, rgb(255, 187, 185) 50%, rgba(252, 136, 141, 0) 100%);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0% -40px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 70px;height: 70px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 100%;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;background-color: rgb(226, 246, 213);flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;align-self: stretch;flex: 10 10 0%;height: auto;margin: 10px -25px 0px;z-index: 1;border-top: 0px solid rgb(62, 62, 62);border-top-left-radius: 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 50px;height: 50px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-radius: 100%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(253, 216, 53, 0.66) rgba(253, 216, 53, 0.66) rgba(200, 223, 126, 0.85) rgba(200, 223, 126, 0.85);box-shadow: transparent 0px 0px 0px inset;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 12px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(2px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-shadow: rgb(176, 205, 96) 1px -1px, rgb(176, 205, 96) 1px 1px, rgb(176, 205, 96) -1px 1px, rgb(176, 205, 96) -1px -1px, rgb(176, 205, 96) 1px 0px, rgb(176, 205, 96) 0px 1px, rgb(176, 205, 96) -1px 0px, rgb(176, 205, 96) 0px -1px;letter-spacing: 4px;line-height: 1.3;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;background-color: rgb(255, 250, 204);flex: 50 50 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 7px 0% 0px;text-align: left;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: bottom;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;line-height: 0;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(226, 246, 213);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% -6px;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 170px;height: 6px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 250, 204);border-width: 0px;border-right-style: none;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 250, 204);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 10px;border-right: 5px solid rgb(226, 246, 213);border-top-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaicnKNGicQ5ANtTZskkLQ3MRkc4ZacmTmSjZeQicAJZ1hQxjkGPVch2YuZTHJU3G6ndib31vukGwxWB1w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.5952732644017725" data-w="677"  /></section></section><section style="padding: 0px;color: rgb(156, 160, 132);line-height: 1.8;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">题图、疫情期间一位健身者在空旷的大街锻炼。图：Getty</p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: left;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: bottom;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;line-height: 0;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(226, 246, 213);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% -6px;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 170px;height: 6px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 250, 204);border-width: 0px 5px 0px 0px;border-right-style: none;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 7px 0% 0px;text-align: right;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: bottom;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;line-height: 0;border-bottom: 6px solid rgba(253, 216, 53, 0.66);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;margin: 0px 0% -6px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 80px;height: 6px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 250, 204);border-width: 0px 5px 0px 0px;border-right-style: none;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 250, 204);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 10px;border-right: 5px solid rgba(253, 216, 53, 0.66);border-top-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(123, 129, 110);line-height: 1.8;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在各机构致力于保障生命健康安全和经济系统稳定的同时，COVID-19危机使人们对气候问题的关注大大减少。如何采取有效的公共卫生对策是政策制定者和企业目前最关心的问题。同时，许多行业失业严重，劳动者收入下降，经济衰退的可能被不断提及，迫使政策制定者采取前所未有的财政对策，据麦肯锡估计，相关经济激励措施涉及金额已经超过10万亿美元。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">挽回经济损失固然重要，但迅速恢复经济生活可能会对环境造成危害——正如世界在2007-08年金融危机后所看到的那样。2009年，伴随着经济增速放缓，全球温室气体排放量大幅减少。但到了2010年，排放量却达到了历史新高，部分原因是各国政府采取了经济刺激政策，但没有充分考虑这些政策对环境造成的不良影响。而当下，相似的情况重演，而这次的时机更为重要：COVID-19危机之后的一段时间将决定我们是否能达到2015年《巴黎协定》中制定的减排目标，将全球变暖的幅度控制在1.5°C至2°C之间。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">低碳的经济复苏模式是存在的。与高碳模式相比，低碳复苏模式不仅可以大幅降低发展过程中的温室气体排放量以遏制气候变化，同时可以创造更多的就业机会，推动经济增长。根据我们对欧洲国家的一项经济刺激方案的分析，750亿至1500亿欧元的资金投入可以带来1800亿至3500亿欧元的总附加值，创造多达300万个新的就业机会，并在2030年前使碳排放减少15%至30%。环境友好的发展方式并不一定意味着在经济发展速度上做出妥协。最近一项针对顶级经济学家的调查显示，以低碳和生态环境效益为目标的经济模式，相较于高碳的模式，达到相同的经济效益，创造同样多的就业机会。高碳的经济复苏模式不仅会使《巴黎协定》中提出的目标难以实现，大量的税费减免和注资可能会使政府债台高筑，因而无力负担未来的减排费用。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">然而，找到一种低碳且高效的经济复苏方案并不容易。它要求根据复杂因素评估各项经济刺激政策，包括社会经济影响，气候影响和可行性。但本报告提出并强调了兼顾社会经济和生态保护两方面的复苏方案的可能性，在迅速创造就业机会，实现经济复苏，实现稳定增长的同时，加快零碳技术的发展和应用。各国政府可以参考本文中建议的政策设计框架来规划本国的低碳复苏方案，以满足当前的经济需求，并从长期上改善人民的生活水平。</p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: right;display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: bottom;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: flex-end;line-height: 0;border-bottom: 6px solid rgb(255, 250, 204);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0% -6px;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 80px;height: 6px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgba(253, 216, 53, 0.66);border-width: 0px 5px 0px 0px;border-right-style: none;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-right-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: stretch;background-color: rgb(179, 179, 179);padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 20px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">01</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;background-color: rgb(249, 243, 175);border-right: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);border-top-right-radius: 12px;overflow: hidden;padding: 0px 8px;border-bottom: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);border-bottom-right-radius: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(18, 35, 49);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">疫情后的经济复苏期正值应对气候变化的关键期</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Covid-19疫情不仅对人们的生命健康造成了巨大打击，且对生产生活带来巨大损失。这一代价在各国报告的不断上升的失业数据中可见一斑。最糟糕的可能还在后头：麦肯锡在四月份发表的一份分析报告显示，疫情隔离可能会使欧洲6000余万个工作岗位和美5700万个工作岗位面临威胁：工作时间或薪酬减少，强制休假或永久解雇。根据麦肯锡对全球复苏速度的预测，欧盟27国的失业率将在2021年达到11.2%的峰值，即使到2024年也难以恢复到2019年的水平。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">尽管COVID-19危机迫在眉睫，但不能忽略的是，气候变化的紧迫性与疫情的紧迫性不相上下。气候变化已经带来了风暴，洪水，野火和其他自然灾害，造成了数十亿美元的损失。下一个十年的气候变暖是锁定的，所以对自然气候风险进行预判和控制至关重要。为了避免自然风险影响的进一步累积，并将温度上升的幅度保持在引发失控的临界值以下，必须在近期大幅减少温室气体排放。要实现这些目标，就需要在每一个社会经济环节中迅速采取行动。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Covid-19疫情后的恢复期对缓和全球变暖而言至关重要。然而，在后疫情时期，各个领域都可能出现对气候问题造成负面影响的因素：政治关注度的降低（今年的联合国气候大会COP26已推迟到2021年），为了经济增长而放松或暂缓环境监管，油价低迷导致环保技术竞争力下降，刺激经济的政策消耗了政府原本可能投资于零碳转型的资金。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而环境友好型的经济复苏计划则可以帮助世界走上一条更可持续的发展道路，并将全球平均气温上升控制在相对安全的1.5°C范围内。疫情后的复苏期涉及的公共支出通常比非危机年份的支出要高得多，这可以给国家和区域经济结构带来广泛而持久的改变。正如我们在下一节中所解释的，有针对性的低碳计划不仅可以重新启动经济增长，刺激就业，更有助于构建更可持续的“新常态”。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: stretch;background-color: rgb(179, 179, 179);padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 20px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">02</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;background-color: rgb(249, 243, 175);border-right: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);border-top-right-radius: 12px;overflow: hidden;padding: 0px 8px;border-bottom: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);border-bottom-right-radius: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(18, 35, 49);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">低碳的刺激措施可以加快经济复苏并创造就业机会</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">许多国家在疫情发生后开始提供经济救济政策以刺激经济复苏。世界各国政府已投入超过10万亿美元用于刺激经济复苏。据麦肯锡估计，20国集团已宣布的相关财政支出平均占GDP的11%，是2008-09年应对金融危机时的三倍。一些国家已经表示，他们将把GDP的40%用于刺激经济复苏。欧盟委员会绿色复苏计划的报告初稿显示，欧盟将提供大约1万亿欧元的经济援助。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">支持环境友好导向的经济复苏计划的呼声越来越高。这个非正式的“绿色复苏联盟”由来自欧洲国家的12位环境部长，79位欧洲议会议员，37位首席执行官和商业协会于4月份发起，目前已有50多位银行和保险公司的首席执行官加入。超过150家公司的高管签署了一份公开声明，呼吁实现净零耗能的经济复苏。欧盟委员会主席Ursula von der Leye和德国总理Angela Merkel曾表示，欧洲绿色协议应构成欧洲经济复苏计划的中心。世界各地都对这一应对气候变化的复苏政策表示赞同（图1）。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.7850267" data-w="935" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicnKNGicQ5ANtTZskkLQ3MRkcUianU0AvDV72MneuIL0V7wzqvLLtTXeMODYQRNLcYia36z1XpDU9tNQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="padding: 0px;color: rgb(29, 25, 135);line-height: 1.8;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图一、经济复苏是否应该考虑气候问题的调查</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">诚然，一些人对此类低碳复苏计划是否能产生足够的经济回报持怀疑态度。但研究表明，相较于同类的非低碳项目，许多低碳的经济计划在刺激经济增长和创造就业机会方面的效果不相上下，甚至更好。最近的一份工作文件中一项调查称，200多名经济学家和经济官员表示“绿色”经济复苏措施的效果至少不亚于非低碳措施。而另一项关于政府在能源技术方面的支出进行的计量经济学研究表明，在可再生能源方面的投资相较于在矿物燃料方面的投资，每百万美元创造的就业岗位多5个（图2）。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.8" data-w="925" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicnKNGicQ5ANtTZskkLQ3MRkicLw9nQtsA491VqmUVqRGIprdRhzPEVrRmx5jNxTemk8iavkCDLEQZPw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="padding: 0px;color: rgb(29, 25, 135);line-height: 1.8;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图二、不同能源类型的千万美元投资创造的岗位数</p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面对疫情带来的经济衰退，各国政府不必为了环境问题而放弃经济发展。通过设计低碳的经济刺激计划，鱼和熊掌可以兼得。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: stretch;background-color: rgb(179, 179, 179);padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 20px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">03</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;background-color: rgb(249, 243, 175);border-right: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);border-top-right-radius: 12px;overflow: hidden;padding: 0px 8px;border-bottom: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);border-bottom-right-radius: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(18, 35, 49);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">低碳的经济刺激政策的设计和实施</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(244, 238, 255) 0%, rgb(245, 251, 255) 100%);padding: 17px 17px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政策制定者在着手开展一项经济复苏措施前，应评估并平衡该措施的各方效益，如社会经济效益，气候效益和可行性。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">决策者在评估一项低碳的经济复苏措施并决定投资拨款时，应综合考虑其各方面的效益，并对其重要性进行排序:</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(135, 69, 255) 0%, rgb(74, 179, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(244, 244, 244);padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 1.3;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(244, 238, 255) 0%, rgb(245, 251, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(34, 82, 237);padding: 0px 12px;letter-spacing: 0.6px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">社会经济效益</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(111, 128, 255);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 10px 10px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 6px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.6px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这些可以通过各种指标进行评估，包括单位投资额所创造的工作岗位数，国民生产总值及其增加值，或对特定社会群体，产业或区域的影响。其中，对特定区域的关注最为重要，因为疫情对不同区域主体的经济影响并不相等。我们通过对英国和美国的情况进行分析，发现受疫情影响最严重的工作者中，低技术水平的工人，较年轻的工人，薪资较低的工人以及少数族裔群体占比极高。此外，还应对低碳转型中被替代的传统产业区及其相关人员给予关注，例如那些面临逐步淘汰的煤炭和化石燃料开采区。 </p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(135, 69, 255) 0%, rgb(74, 179, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(244, 244, 244);padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 1.3;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(244, 238, 255) 0%, rgb(245, 251, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(34, 82, 237);padding: 0px 12px;letter-spacing: 0.6px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">气候效益</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(111, 128, 255);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 10px 10px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 6px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.6px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一项经济措施的脱碳效果包括温室气体排放量的相对减少，减少环境中原有的温室气体量，或其他减少温室气体的方式。例如加强能源网可以促进分散性微型发电模式的推广，辅助或替代集中式电网，避免长途输电，从而减少排放。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(135, 69, 255) 0%, rgb(74, 179, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(244, 244, 244);padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 1.3;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(244, 238, 255) 0%, rgb(245, 251, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(34, 82, 237);padding: 0px 12px;letter-spacing: 0.6px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">产生经济效益的时间周期</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(111, 128, 255);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 10px 10px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 6px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.6px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">某些措施对创造就业机会和国内生产总值增长具有更直接的影响；例如修建自行车道可以在短期内创造就业机会。而另一些项目的经济效益可能需要更长的时间才能有所显现。因此，大型的基础设施项目需要提前进行统筹和规划。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(135, 69, 255) 0%, rgb(74, 179, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(244, 244, 244);padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 1.3;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(244, 238, 255) 0%, rgb(245, 251, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(34, 82, 237);padding: 0px 12px;letter-spacing: 0.6px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">产生环境效益的时间周期</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(111, 128, 255);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 10px 10px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 6px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.6px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一些措施，如提高工业效率，可以在短期内迅速降低碳排放量。而对低碳技术的投资，如电池改造或碳捕获和储存技术(CCS)，其环境效益则需要更长时间才能显现。但是，当这些技术被广泛应用时，产生的效益是深远的（参考太阳能、风能和蓄电池技术的发展过程）。此类技术改进中产生生态效益随时间累积，因此应在投资过程中对技术创新类投资给予具有前瞻性的评估和适当倾斜。 </p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(135, 69, 255) 0%, rgb(74, 179, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(244, 244, 244);padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 1.3;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">5</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(244, 238, 255) 0%, rgb(245, 251, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(34, 82, 237);padding: 0px 12px;letter-spacing: 0.6px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">可行性</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(111, 128, 255);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 10px 10px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 6px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.6px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对措施或项目实施的难易程度进行预判也很重要。例如，一些建筑项目可能需要培训或新聘大量工人。此外，若在区域供应链尚欠发达，可再生能源产业的发展可能会较为缓慢。疫情期间还存在特定的可行性问题，如项目实施过程中人与人之间需要保持社交距离。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以上因素不仅在评估单项经济刺激措施或项目时很重要，在统筹若干措施以形成一揽子的经济计划时，这些因素也十分重要。一些能迅速产生就业岗位的举措可能很有吸引力，但从长期上看，他们对就业率的促进作用不一定可持续。要达成就业率的长期稳定增长，则应更关注能在未来较长一段时间跨度中（如几年）创造就业机会的措施，即使这些项目产生效益前的准备或缓冲期更长。组合长短期的刺激措施也许是更好的选择。同样，可以混合应用在短期内快速减少温室气体排放的措施和起效相对缓慢但减排效益更持久的措施。</p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin: -3px 0% 10px;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 66%;height: 3px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(135, 69, 255) 0%, rgb(74, 179, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: -1px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.0266667" data-w="300" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/L77AicB5oUPatNzicfoHhvxZpsNG1SGM1SwevR8QhHibSggjvbGQ4QmbKxu0sjaWmqWW7WRmCuqcLUXNOcPjQOqFA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: stretch;background-color: rgb(179, 179, 179);padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 20px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">04</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;background-color: rgb(249, 243, 175);border-right: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);border-top-right-radius: 12px;overflow: hidden;padding: 0px 8px;border-bottom: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);border-bottom-right-radius: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(18, 35, 49);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">低碳的经济刺激方案：欧洲案例 </strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我们对某欧洲国家的四个部门的刺激方案进行了分析，以证明平衡，有效且低碳的经济刺激方案的合理性。此方案预计调度资金750亿至1500亿欧元，将产生1800亿至3500亿欧元的总附加值，创造多达300万个新的就业机会——其中许多机会针对抗打击能力弱的行业或群体。在这一方案下，到2030年，碳排放将减少15%至30%（图3）。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6846512" data-w="1075" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicnKNGicQ5ANtTZskkLQ3MRkwZM140KjhDTStVAJ2JUzath6mnIcWNibE9vg0HticNKVPlEmvBxcPXzQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="padding: 0px;color: rgb(29, 25, 135);line-height: 1.8;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图三、欧洲复苏计划同时兼顾经济和生态效益</p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此方案的效益得益于从最初拟定的近50个备选措施进行严格的筛选。我们以欧盟主要经济体类似活动的总增加值（GVA）乘数为基础，对每一项备选措施的GVA乘数进行了估算，并通过回归分析对其创造就业机会的潜力进行估计。该措施带来的直接，间接和引导就业都被计算在内（由于在做这样的估计时很难精确，所以我们给出了一个大致范围）。此外，我们通过专家访谈和学术文献，对每一项措施的减排效益，可行性，以及与劳动力技能匹配度进行评估。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">方案最终提出了一份包括12项措施的清单，这些措施在短期、中期和长期中具有强大的社会经济效益（包括创造就业机会）和生态效益（图4）:</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><ol class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: decimal;box-sizing: border-box;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(200, 166, 32);box-sizing: border-box;">通过转移设备、更新废热技术等手段提高工业能源效率；</span></p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(200, 166, 32);box-sizing: border-box;">在大型产业集群周围建设碳捕获及储存设施；</span></p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(200, 166, 32);box-sizing: border-box;">建筑技术改造（比如安装热泵）以提高能源利用效率；</span></p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(200, 166, 32);box-sizing: border-box;">安装智能建筑系统（尤其是商业建筑）以更好地管理暖通、照明和安保；</span></p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(200, 166, 32);box-sizing: border-box;">优化电力网络以支持普遍的电气化；</span></p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(200, 166, 32);box-sizing: border-box;">推广大规模和社区规模的能源储存；</span></p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(200, 166, 32);box-sizing: border-box;">加快推广风能和太阳能发电；</span></p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(200, 166, 32);box-sizing: border-box;">加快LED节能路灯的推广；</span></p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(200, 166, 32);box-sizing: border-box;">扩大电动汽车(EV)充电设备分布规模；</span></p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(200, 166, 32);box-sizing: border-box;">BRT和轨道交通项目；</span></p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(200, 166, 32);box-sizing: border-box;">扩大电动汽车制造规模；</span></p></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(200, 166, 32);box-sizing: border-box;">加强主动交通基础设施建设，如自行车道。</span></p></li></ol></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.072238" data-w="706" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicnKNGicQ5ANtTZskkLQ3MRkpjib2Jxc4ss0QfpR1wjwnjQLdpEZhzB9xo96uJwgG9S7Ie88ZN7NLDA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="padding: 0px;color: rgb(29, 25, 135);line-height: 1.8;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图四、十二大绿色经济复苏投资</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这一系列的措施将带来可观的社会经济和生态回报。本案例中，资金投入总额预计将在750亿欧元至1500亿欧元之间。具体数额取决于资金的来源，即是政府直接投资还是由私营资本提供部分资金。无论如何，预计其中一半的钱会在项目初始的两年花掉，而绝大部分会在五年内花掉。而分析显示，每花费1欧元将产生约2至3欧元的增值。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这一系列措施将大大增加就业机会：仅考虑投入资金直接创造的就业机会，按最低资金投入额计算，将新增110万至150万的“年工作量”（即一个岗位一年的工作量），而按照最高投入额计算，则将新增230万至300万的“年工作量”。同时，这些措施还可以提高部分既有工作岗位的稳定性。根据计划，大多数工作机会将面向规模庞大的低技能或中等技能劳动力群体，或针对目前面临危机的行业（例如工业）。其中一些企业的用工灵活度较高，完全可以定向集中在失业率最高的地区进行招聘。短期、中期和长期的项目都有，招聘工作的开始时间跨度大。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这些措施都有助于该国向低碳经济的转型。根据我们的估计，通过这些措施，2030年二氧化碳排放量将比现在减少15%到30%。这部分减排量对遏制气候变化的计划而言至关重要：若要在2030年将气温升高幅度控制在1.5°C，需要减少50%的温室气体排放量。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;flex: 0 0 auto;height: auto;align-self: stretch;background-color: rgb(179, 179, 179);padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 20px;color: rgb(18, 35, 49);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">05</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;background-color: rgb(249, 243, 175);border-right: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);border-top-right-radius: 12px;overflow: hidden;padding: 0px 8px;border-bottom: 0px none rgb(62, 62, 62);border-bottom-right-radius: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(18, 35, 49);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">低碳的经济刺激方案的实施</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(244, 238, 255) 0%, rgb(245, 251, 255) 100%);padding: 17px 17px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政策制定者可以利用各种机制来实施刺激方案。我们把它们分为两大类：推动政策和拉动政策。推动政策是指以行政监管或出台支持性政策的方式降低企业对未来的运营管理的不确定性，从而鼓励企业对业务进行提前规划。例如设立建设规范，或规定某项技术的淘汰期限。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而所谓拉动政策，即采取财政干预手段敦促公司采取特定行动。此类政策通常有以下四类:</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(135, 69, 255) 0%, rgb(74, 179, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(244, 244, 244);padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 1.3;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(244, 238, 255) 0%, rgb(245, 251, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(34, 82, 237);padding: 0px 12px;letter-spacing: 0.6px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">税收减免或补贴</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(111, 128, 255);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 10px 10px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 6px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.6px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主要适用于活跃市场。这有助于保证相关企业拥有足够的资金发展技术，从而加快工业能源效率的提高以及其他的技术革新。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(135, 69, 255) 0%, rgb(74, 179, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(244, 244, 244);padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 1.3;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(244, 238, 255) 0%, rgb(245, 251, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(34, 82, 237);padding: 0px 12px;letter-spacing: 0.6px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">贷款或贷款担保</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(111, 128, 255);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 10px 10px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 6px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.6px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">最适合于针对少量、特定的受益主体，因为它们的管理成本相对较高。贷款可以填补私人借贷的缺口，贷款担保可以有效降低风险项目的贷款利率。举个例子，充电网络运营商必须在不知道电动汽车何时会得到广泛应用的情况下进行巨额资本支出，而贷款和贷款担保可以降低EV充电桩运营商的投资风险，以此来支持电动汽车充电基础设施建设。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(135, 69, 255) 0%, rgb(74, 179, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(244, 244, 244);padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 1.3;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(244, 238, 255) 0%, rgb(245, 251, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(34, 82, 237);padding: 0px 12px;letter-spacing: 0.6px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">对特点主体直接提供资助</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(111, 128, 255);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 10px 10px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 6px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.6px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">政府拨款可为许多主体（如小型的房屋改造承包商）提供资助，因为此类投资的管理成本相对较低。同时此类资金可以用于研究和开发等短期内0收入的项目。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: flex;flex-flow: row nowrap;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 0 0 auto;align-self: stretch;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(135, 69, 255) 0%, rgb(74, 179, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(244, 244, 244);padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 1.3;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;align-self: stretch;height: auto;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(244, 238, 255) 0%, rgb(245, 251, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(34, 82, 237);padding: 0px 12px;letter-spacing: 0.6px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">直接将所有权交予政府</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 1px solid rgb(111, 128, 255);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding: 0px 10px 10px 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 6px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 1.6px;line-height: 1.6;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">适用于那些预期收益不稳定，难以吸引私营经济注资的项目，抑或那些触及政治政策相关的项目。例如国家电网整体升级或CCS系统。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">除了监管推动和财政拉动外，政策制定者还可以实施两种政策的间接形态，我们称其为“轻推政策”，例如设立共乘车道。这些举措可以以较小的成本对直接的推动或拉动措施进行补充和强化。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">组合运用推动政策和拉动政策能使效益最大化（图5）。由于刺激政策往往面向不止一类的主体，政策制定者可以通过设计每一项具体措施，从而建立有效的投资机制，使各类主体均能获得资金。例如，CCS网络建设可能只需要与几家公司进行磋商，而以家庭为单位的CSS改造项目可能需要数千家小企业参与。此外，如何确定推拉政策的顺序也很重要：比如为了在某新法规开始限制某些经济活动之前促进新的就业和增长，政策制定者可能会考虑在新法规出台之前给予财政资助。</p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: -1px 0% 0px;font-size: 0px;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.0266667" data-w="300" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/L77AicB5oUPatNzicfoHhvxZpsNG1SGM1SwevR8QhHibSggjvbGQ4QmbKxu0sjaWmqWW7WRmCuqcLUXNOcPjQOqFA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.6527778" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9TiaicnKNGicQ5ANtTZskkLQ3MRkSicFvKOYqR4ySAiclMVvtx0h9yssMyv8ricoIyZgXqGdkl7RdK5PQdLhw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="padding: 0px;color: rgb(29, 25, 135);line-height: 1.8;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">图五、灵活运用推动政策和拉动政策</p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(244, 238, 255) 0%, rgb(245, 251, 255) 100%);padding: 17px 17px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前看，从COVID-19疫情带来的经济危机中复苏需要数月甚至数年的时间。而这段时间也正是控制全球变暖和气候恶化的关键时期。低碳的经济刺激政策可以同时满足社会经济和生态环境发展的需求，但时间不等人。总体而言，各国的政策制定和决策者必须尽快权衡和统筹经济发展和生态保护两项任务，以面对这一历史性的时间节点。</p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;justify-content: flex-end;margin: -3px 0% 10px;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 66%;height: 3px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgb(135, 69, 255) 0%, rgb(74, 179, 255) 100%);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: -1px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.0266667" data-w="300" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/L77AicB5oUPatNzicfoHhvxZpsNG1SGM1SwevR8QhHibSggjvbGQ4QmbKxu0sjaWmqWW7WRmCuqcLUXNOcPjQOqFA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 0;width: auto;flex: 100 100 0%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% -6px;justify-content: flex-end;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 10px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);padding: 3px;background-color: rgb(128, 203, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;line-height: 1.8;font-size: 26px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">终</p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(-4px, 0px, 0px);margin: -6px 0% 0px;justify-content: flex-start;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 10px;height: 10px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: 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0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -30px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(30px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 25%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9TiaicnKNGicQ5ANtTZskkLQ3MRkWYTUQw33ABBc6wfpy72hT8eTfvJ0gtOibwjib0K1CMO9IRBUy31BO8AQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.9324074074074075" data-w="1080"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: -30px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 70%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 5px solid rgb(237, 194, 113);border-top-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 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