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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 4em;height: 4em;border-radius: 50%;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhbsUAKOpyf4bnsQdGGMYmlcaK9QWhicz8Ojv89aTcwToiaVOUSMzAccCYbo8QYte9zVOtHSibbkpc2Q/640?wx_fmt=png");overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <img data-ratio="0.9409091" data-w="220" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhbsUAKOpyf4bnsQdGGMYmlcaK9QWhicz8Ojv89aTcwToiaVOUSMzAccCYbo8QYte9zVOtHSibbkpc2Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="width: 100%;height: 100%;opacity: 0;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-left: 1.2em;margin-top: -1.2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;height: 2em;margin-left: 1em;border-bottom-left-radius: 1em;border-left: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);max-width: 85% !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 1.5em;line-height: 1.5;padding-right: 0.5em;font-size: 11px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点击蓝字关注公众号</p></section></section><section style="float: left;width: 5%;margin-left: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;margin-top: 1.82em;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;padding: 3px 0px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(224, 224, 224);border-right-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);border-left-color: rgb(224, 224, 224);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 0px 5px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【专题讨论19】</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“冗余空间”：城市应急空间规划与管理思考</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(218, 107, 107);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;text-align: justify;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者浙江舟山群岛新区管委会总规划师周建军，广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院上海分院常务副院长桑劲在《规划师》2020年第6期撰文，“冗余空间”是指城市在紧急状态下，短期内可以迅速启用，发挥人员疏散、避难、隔离、物资储备及政府指挥等作用的空间。在重大公共安全事件的初发期和可控期内，“冗余空间”为城市运行提供了空间余量。运用这个空间余量，地方政府可以采取有效的行动，避免灾情爆发式增长以及灾害影响的复杂化、立体化。文章分析了城市突发公共卫生事件的实战过程和应急需求，初步提出了“冗余空间”规划与管理配置的若干思考。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;height: 5px;background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(150, 46, 46), rgba(255, 247, 234, 0)) white;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[关键词]冗余空间；新型冠状病毒肺炎；规划管理</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文章编号]1006-0022(2020)06-0036-04　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[中图分类号]TU984　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[文献标识码]B</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[引文格式]周建军，桑劲．“冗余空间”：城市应急空间规划与管理思考[J]．规划师，2020(6)：36-39．</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/EjiclXhR4KRG3Pgrqco29CCuM5DCswJwynlfUlqe0RQqUQibBPykbTtKSdg60umRTbeVOvv045icR6ByWkcFcxLOA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 预防决断：突发事件演变危机中政府治理能力和水平大考</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从此次新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的发展时间序列来<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">看，可以大致描述出“初发期—可控期—</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">爆发期”的时间线。在事件的初发期，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">事件信息不完整，公共事件发展演变方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">向尚不明确。在这个阶段，决策部门的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">积极作为既有“未雨绸缪、防患于未然”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的可能，也存在“小题大做”之虞。客</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">观来讲，这一阶段期望政府每次都能有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">效预测事态发展并做出完全正确的判断</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">并不现实。如在这一阶段政府没有进行</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有效控制，事件则逐步发展到可控期，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">可控期的特点是事态虽然逐步恶化，但</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是仍处于单系统线性发展的过程中，事</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态发展尚处于可控的规模，也还未引起</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市中其他系统的全面响应。在这一阶</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">段，随着信息量的增加，决策者应该基</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">本能对事件的发展态势做出正确判断，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">必须立即采取行动，将事件的发展予以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有效控制。可控期是对重大公共安全事</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">件的后果进行有效控制的关键时期，可</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">控期内政府是否有效作为，是衡量政府</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是否称职的重要标准。若丧失了这一时</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">机，事态往往呈立体式、指数型爆发，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">单系统的事件将演变为城市各个系统的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">相互牵制与普遍告急(卫生系统的内部问</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">题演变为城市交通、供应、治安等多系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">统问题)，次生灾害此起彼伏，此时事态</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的发展呈现难以控制的状态，常规性的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">措施已经无法奏效，非常规措施的采用</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以及借助外力成为必然，人民的生命和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">财产安全也将受到重大损失。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这一规律在此次新型冠状病毒肺炎<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">疫情的发展过程中尤为明显。2019年12</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月可以认为是疫情的初发期；2020年1</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月15日之前是疫情的可控期；之后，则</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进入疫情全面爆发期。该规律不仅仅适</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用于传染病疫情，对于自然灾害也同样</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">适用。以美国卡特丽娜飓风灾害为例，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">美国较早地预测了飓风的等级和可能危</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">害，并做出了受灾地区全面疏散的指令</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">(初发期的判断准确)，同时在灾前疏散</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">过程中(可控期) 也做出了卓有成效的应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对，但依然存在运输系统超载、各个系</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">统协同不力及物资供应不足等问题。遗</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">留的问题则给没有及时疏散的人群造成</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">了严重损失，救灾行动迟缓，食品和药</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">物供应严重不足，大量受灾人群死亡，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">诱发了多起抢劫等犯罪事件。因此，在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">重大公共安全事件的危机管理中，在初</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发期“防患于未然”虽是最为理想的结果，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但可控期的应对才是地方政府必须做好</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的答卷。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/EjiclXhR4KRG3Pgrqco29CCuM5DCswJwynlfUlqe0RQqUQibBPykbTtKSdg60umRTbeVOvv045icR6ByWkcFcxLOA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">控隔断护：突出对“流”的有效管理是可控期行动关键</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市的运行，可以被视为一系列“流”<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的运行，包括人流、物流、资金流、信</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">息流的运行与交互过程。城市与乡村地</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">区的差异本质，即为“流”的动能与密</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度差异，城市更是各种“流”交汇的中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心，对“流”的预判和管控是防止“源”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">流动的关键。在城市常规运行状态，“流”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">都呈现出一定的规律，如日常人们上下</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">班的通勤交通基本稳定，城市车流密度</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在工作日和休息日、上下班高峰期都呈</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">现出一定的规律。城市的生活物资供应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">与消耗呈现出稳定的量与空间的关系。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">但重大公共安全事件一旦发生，必然会</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">打乱城市中规律运行的“流”。社会冲</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">突事件会造成人流在某个地方的高度集</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">聚，自然灾害会导致人流的大规模移动。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同样，重大公共安全事件中的物流与信</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">息流也会发生急剧变化，规律的“稳流”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成为不可预知的“乱流”。“流”的变</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">化程度与事件发生的时间阶段也密切相</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">关，越是到后期，“流”的紊乱程度越高，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">越偏离日常运行轨迹，越不可控。因此，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在初发期和可控期内，对人流、物流和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">信息流进行有效管理，是防止重大公共</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">安全事件进入不可控的爆发期的关键。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对“流”的管理，可以分为疏导、<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">阻断和稳静三种方式。疏导，即引导人</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">们有序撤离灾区，引导救援物资有效进</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">入灾区；阻断，则正好相反，在此次新</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">型冠状病毒肺炎疫情中，“封城”“隔离”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">都是对人流实施的强力阻断手段；稳静，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">是对局部敏感人流实施收治，集中解决</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">困难，化解冲突矛盾，避免局部失控造</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成的全面失控。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/EjiclXhR4KRG3Pgrqco29CCuM5DCswJwynlfUlqe0RQqUQibBPykbTtKSdg60umRTbeVOvv045icR6ByWkcFcxLOA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">有备无患：提高城市“冗余空间”</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划建设重要性的认识</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在此次新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的防<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">控过程中，最突出的问题是物资的严重</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">匮乏，且城市管理者缺乏“冗余”思维，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市运行中的资源( 以资本和空间为核</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">心)投入呈现单一目标导向的(GDP)的“满</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">格”资源投入状态，并没有为风险留下“冗</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">余”。在大型城市公共安全事件发生以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">后，城市“流”的运行方式发生重大改变，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市没有“冗余空间”来梳理和调整这</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">些不可控的“流”，使得各种“流”处</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于紊乱状态，导致政府的“功能性瘫痪”，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">只能依赖在全国范围内调集大量资源予</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以救助。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由于大型公共安全事件具有不可预<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">测性，一旦发生，若没有做好准备，城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市将遭受沉重打击，可能数年之内都难</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以恢复元气。因此，在当前大型公共安</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">全事件发生频度越来越高的背景下，应</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划建设“冗余空间”，形成城市发展</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中凝聚思想共识，以及措施系统和管理</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">完善的体系化建设内容。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">救命空间的应急性——什么是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“冗余空间”？</span></p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">所谓“冗余空间”，文字字面的意<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">思是“多余的空间”。从信息论观点看，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">它是用来描述信息源的数据，是信息和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">数据冗余之和。对于城市规划而言，空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间的冗余性指提高城市空间使用功能的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">灵活性与适用性。城市“冗余空间”具</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">有多功能性、可变性、灵活性、瞬时激</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">活性及不可或缺性。在紧急状态下，城</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市“冗余空间”在短期内可以迅速启用，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">用于人员疏散、避难、隔离、物资储备</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">及政府指挥等。从原理上看，“冗余空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间”是为了在重大公共安全事件的初发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">期和可控期内，为城市运行提供的空间</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">余量。运用这个余量，可以对城市中发</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">生剧烈变化的“流”进行有序管理，以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">最大限度地减缓事态向爆发期演变。在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">日常情况下，虽然“冗余空间”可能处</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">于一定程度的闲置状态，但是不能因为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其闲置，而否定了其对于保障国民安全</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的重要作用。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共空间的开放性——城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“冗余空间”配置的基本原则</span></p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于对“流”的控制和管理，“冗<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">余空间”应该在城市中呈网络型设置，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">网络中包括若干个不同等级的“冗余节</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">点”，以及保障各个“冗余节点”相互</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">连通的“冗余通道”。“冗余节点”的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">核心作用是物资储备以及人流的避难与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">管制。其设置必须满足以下要求：一是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">安全，根据各地面对的主要灾害类型，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从防范洪水、地震和台风等防灾要求出</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发，使“冗余节点”处于最为安全的空间。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">例如，从防范洪水的角度看，“冗余节点”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应该位于高程较高的地区。二是保障短</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时期内的物资供应。“冗余节点”内必</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">须储存一定量的供短期生活的物资，且</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其位置应该处于外界比较容易提供补给</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的地区，便于在受困的情况下保障物资</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">供应。三是能够有效地与周边环境隔离，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">便于管理。从此次新型冠状病毒肺炎疫</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">情来看，大型传染病防治的集中隔离区</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应当是各地必备的“冗余节点”。其选</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">址必须与人口密集地区保持一定距离，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">避免污水和废弃物对周边环境产生污染。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">四是能够实现快速疏散。在公共事件事</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">态发生剧烈变化的时候，应保证“冗余</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">节点”内的受灾人群能够有效进行转</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">移。五是必须具有很强的信息管理功</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能。“冗余节点”的通讯、电子及网络</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">等设施配备应该齐全，在灾难发生时，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">能够作为紧急的指挥中枢使用。例如，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在美国卡特丽娜飓风灾害发生期间，当</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地政府启用了能容纳两万多人的“苍穹”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体育馆，作为受灾人员的临时避难场所，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">并实施集中救援。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于上述分析可知，城市中的大型<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">体育设施、会展空间等设施，是作为“冗</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">余节点”的较好选择，因为这些设施在</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">建设过程中本来就考虑了安全性与快速</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">疏散功能。因此，今后在上述设施的规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划建设中，应将它们在防灾救灾过程中</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发挥的作用作为一个重要的评判事项。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从此次新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情来看，大</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市必须预留大型的传染病医院场所。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">同时，城市的大型物资仓库也是应该受</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">到重视的空间类型。将物资仓库用作“冗</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">余节点”，可以发挥物资储备与避难的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">双重作用。每个城市都应该具有一定的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">物资储备能力，饮用水、食品等最为重</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要的民生物资不能完全依赖外运，必须</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保障一定时期内自给自足的能力，因此</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">要高度重视城市物资仓库的建设，保障</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其安全性，并预留一部分空间，作为公</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">共安全事件发生时的人员避难与隔离场</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">所。此外，城市中的大型绿地、广场等</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共空间也是极为重要的“冗余空间”，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对避灾避难发挥着重要的作用。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">保障“冗余节点”相互连通以及与</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">外界连通的“冗余通道”也极为重要。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">首先，“冗余通道”是受灾害影响可能</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">性小的通道，如城市高架道路不宜作为</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“冗余通道”。其次，城市内部的“冗</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">余通道”应该呈网络状，使“冗余节点”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">之间能够相互支援。与外界联系的“冗</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">余通道”不能是单通道及单一方式，否</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">则一旦通道被毁，受灾地区将成为难以</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">施救的“孤岛”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“冗余空间”并非需要达到容纳城<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">市中所有居民的规模。本文认为，“冗</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">余空间”的容量关键在于其要能够应对</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共安全事件可控期内“流”的管理，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">其中以物流、人流为主。当然，在这一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">阶段需要对很多大容量的“流”进行有</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">效管理，基于不同类型的事件，以及</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">事件本身的量级区别，很难一概而论。</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">按照已经发生的重大事件经验推断，台</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">风、洪水和地震是我国目前较频发的灾</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">害。每个城市可以根据历年受灾人口、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">转移人口等数据，对“冗余空间”的量</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">进行推断与布置。从此次新型冠状病毒</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">肺炎疫情来看，“冗余空间”至少需要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">承载城市人口1％的规模，才能有效防</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">止事态的进一步扩散。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 7px;height: 7px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;font-size: 17px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“平战结合”的转换性——“冗余</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间”转换激活体制机制构建</span></p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 7px;height: 7px;transform: rotate(45deg);background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">既然是“冗余空间”，意味着这些<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间日常是不发挥作用的。一方面，政</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">府要具有“冗余意识”。“冗余空间”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">就像给城市居民的生命安全购买的保险，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">大概率是不发挥作用的，但绝不可以荒</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">废。“冗余空间”要有预先的空间设想</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">和空间保障，不能因为经济发展的需要，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">对空间进行侵占，造成灾害发生之时“一</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">地难求”。城市要做好对“冗余空间”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">的日常维护，其维护经费应当纳入政府</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">财政中，以保证其在公共安全事件发生</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">时能发挥作用。另一方面，可以寻求多</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">种形式对“冗余空间”进行利用与管理，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">尽量保障“冗余空间”的“平战结合”。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;">但这种利用原则是可以在极短的时间内</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">快速恢复“冗余空间”的救灾功能，否则，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">将是对“冗余空间”的一种变相侵占。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">因此，在城市规划建设和管理中应加快</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">研究城市“冗余空间”平战转换与激活</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">的体制机制建构，并开展必要的平战转</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">换实战演练和专业培训。这一工作过程</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">也是政府、社会、企业共同参与和共建</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">共享的社会治理过程。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/EjiclXhR4KRG3Pgrqco29CCuM5DCswJwynlfUlqe0RQqUQibBPykbTtKSdg60umRTbeVOvv045icR6ByWkcFcxLOA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);border-bottom: 8px ridge rgb(255, 255, 255);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;padding: 8px 10px;border-left-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(238, 238, 238);padding: 0px 8px;font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四 结语</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 4px;transform: rotate(0deg);float: left;margin-top: -3px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);margin-top: -2px;border-right-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);border-bottom-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);border-left-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 100%;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">当今，城市已经成为人类生存、繁<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">衍和发展最重要的空间。但由城市高密</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">度和低韧性导致的各种公共安全事件，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">又对人类的安全与健康造成了很大的</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">威胁。在城市中规划建设一定的“冗余</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间”，有利于在不可预测的各类灾害</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">发生时有效地将灾害损失控制在一定</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">范围内。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“冗余空间”虽名为“冗余”，但<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">绝非多余空间、消极空间及可有可无空</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">间，是具有与主体运行空间同等功能或</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">属性的空间。本文认为，城市“冗余空间”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">应分级分类分区布局，考虑远近结合和</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“平战结合”，其是城市空间的有机组</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">成部分，更是城市发展的战略资源，是</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市现代化治理能力和水平提升不可或</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">缺的要素之一。因此，建议国家城市规</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">划用地分类增加一类“冗余空间( 用地)”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">类型，并深入研究其具体内涵、表达方</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">式和标准比例；在各类各层次城市规划</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">中增加城市重大公共安全“冗余空间”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">专项编制内容，加快研制城市“冗余空间”</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">配置标准和政策，同时建立完善的城市</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">“冗余空间”规划建设和管理科学体系，</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">并纳入城市常态实施运管。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section><section style="width: 100%;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 4px;margin-top: -2px;float: right;transform: rotate(0deg);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 4px;height: 4px;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: 0.5em;float: left;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="border-top: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);margin-top: -2px;margin-bottom: 2px;border-right-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);border-bottom-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);border-left-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/EjiclXhR4KRG3Pgrqco29CCuM5DCswJwynlfUlqe0RQqUQibBPykbTtKSdg60umRTbeVOvv045icR6ByWkcFcxLOA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 90%;vertical-align: top;padding: 15px;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(218, 107, 107);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2020年06期《规划师》杂志</p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 0px 1.5em;margin-bottom: -35px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 10px;width: 100%;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》杂志2020年06期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“冗余空间”：城市应急空间规划与管理思考</span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="height: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-right: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-right: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-left: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-left: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-top: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-right: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-left-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin: -12px 0px;padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107);box-sizing: border-box;">声明</span></strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(132, 81, 21);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社微信公众订阅号（ID：）为非盈利新媒体平台，所有转发的非原创图文来源于互联网及新媒体渠道，如果所转发图文作者或其他版权所有人认为违反了您的权益，请告知我们，我们会在24小时内删除。</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="width: 100%;margin-top: 1em;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"> <section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-left: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);margin-top: -1px;border-top-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-right: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-top: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-right: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-left: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section> <section style="float: right;margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-bottom: 1px;margin-left: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-right: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-left: 8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-left: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;margin-right: 18px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-right: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-top: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);border-left-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);border-bottom-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 24px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.03125" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/EjiclXhR4KRG3Pgrqco29CCuM5DCswJwynlfUlqe0RQqUQibBPykbTtKSdg60umRTbeVOvv045icR6ByWkcFcxLOA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.9409091" data-w="220" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhbsUAKOpyf4bnsQdGGMYmlcaK9QWhicz8Ojv89aTcwToiaVOUSMzAccCYbo8QYte9zVOtHSibbkpc2Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;text-align: left;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 0px;border-right: 10px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);display: inline-block;margin-top: 1em;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;border-top: 6px solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 6px solid transparent !important;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(150, 46, 46);padding: 8px;border-radius: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 90% !important;"><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志近期文章推荐</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（点击蓝字可看原文）</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;padding-left: 0.45em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(150, 46, 46);padding: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", 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style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</span></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-position: 60.8969% 0%;background-repeat: repeat-x;background-size: auto 100%;background-attachment: scroll;padding: 10px 10px 5px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/j8bTq15u0mhbsUAKOpyf4bnsQdGGMYmlJcepPibjibRCAFS18MvfH8332sUIDISSDG6ul4WGibGRfvx0zBFXicdJWQ/640?wx_fmt=gif");box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 61.8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">精</p></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 25%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 4px;display: inline-block;background-color: rgb(247, 177, 32);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: white;width: 1.6em;height: 1.6em;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">彩</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">请猛戳右边二维码</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 38.2%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(67, 103, 117);font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公众号ID</p><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="430" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mhbsUAKOpyf4bnsQdGGMYmlwNIS4Lq7NjTLOG3lULkzHzuczJk8m0oxYAFNRqAPVIUaWF26Fn0SVA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left: 2px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right: 2px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><br  /></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 0;"><section style="line-height: 0;width: 0px;"><svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="vertical-align:top;"></svg></section></section></section></section></section>
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