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<section class="xmteditor" style="display:none;" data-tools="gulangu" data-label="powered by gulangu"><br  /></section><section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1px;padding-right: 1px;padding-left: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.25" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JARNncAyoha5Cmia2AwOnra3kVDiawiaO5MLyRCUqSCxBuYk8jkPsMsBibxKsJsQYyIxO34k7IaJJY8lF7tFOp5iceQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="640" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: right;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">来源 | 广东省城乡规划设计研究院</span></strong></section><section style="text-align: right;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">撰稿 | 规划五所 卢文杰</span></strong></section><section style="text-align: right;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></strong></section></section><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">全文共<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(8, 90, 81);box-sizing: border-box;">5957</span></strong>字，阅读大约需要<span style="color: rgb(8, 90, 81);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">15</strong></span>分钟。</section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">改革开放以来的近40年快速城镇化进程中，社会流动加速，农村优秀人群通过升学、参军、打工等渠道进入城市，一定程度上致使农村空心化、边缘化、老龄化，传统农业逐渐衰落，乡村活力散失[1]。农村优秀人口流失一定程度上加速了乡村衰落。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">近年来，社会中出现了呼吁新乡贤“返乡”的声音。一些有识之士旗帜鲜明地提出“以乡情乡愁为纽带，吸引和凝聚各方人士支持家乡建设，传承乡村文明” [2]。同时，新乡贤参与乡村建设发展的实践也在逐渐增多。新乡贤是乡村的精英群体，在参与乡村建设发展、推进乡村治理的过程中，通过财富、知识和思想观念等影响家乡、反哺乡里，成为乡村振兴的重要力量[2]。因此，有必要探索新乡贤在乡村振兴中的作用和结合点，将新乡贤的力量纳入乡村振兴实践之中。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">本文以揭西县湖光村为例，探讨新乡贤助力下的乡村振兴规划实践经验及策略，希望能为我国乡村振兴实践提供一些借鉴。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 24px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">01.</strong></em></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国乡村问题概述</span></strong></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">我国历史上是一个农业国，新中国成立初期，工业部门借助“工农产品剪刀差”的形式积累资金，农村为我国现代工业体系的建立做出了巨大贡献。长期以来，我国城乡二元结构问题突出。与城市相比，农村发展滞后、农民收入较低。随着改革开放及城镇化的推进，大量农村青壮年劳动力逐年向城市转移，“空巢老人”、“空心村”的现象有增无减，乡村凋敝的现象显现[3]。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">进入新世纪以来，我国经济社会发展进入加速阶段，城市与乡村之间的发展差距进一步扩大。自2004年中央一号文件提出“三农”问题始，针对如何解决“三农”问题，各方进行了大量的实践探索，也起得了一定成效。但迄今为止，我国的乡村问题没有彻底解决[3]。党的十九大提出乡村振兴战略，指出“始终把解决好‘三农’问题作为全党工作重中之重。要坚持农业农村优先发展，按照产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕的总要求，加快推进农业农村现代化”。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">针对农村问题，城乡规划界也进行了大量规划实践探索，从新农村、示范村到美丽乡村等，乡村规划建设掀起了一轮又一轮高潮。从现有的乡村规划建设实践来看，多是政府主导、自上而下的“运动式”推动。在具体运作中，往往政府主导有余、农民参与不足、社会和市场的作用发挥不足[4]。以致一些乡村规划建设仅停留在“输血型”的“形象示范”，没能真正激发乡村发展的内生动力。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">究其原因在于农村基层组织的乏力，大量农村优秀人口外流造成的空心化，致使乡村发展缺乏内生动力、乡村基层缺乏组织凝聚力，农民群众的积极性没能充分调动，农民群众的主体作用没能充分发挥。简言之，乡村人才缺乏，成为制约乡村发展的主要因素之一。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 24px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">02.</strong></em></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;">“新乡贤”现象</span></strong></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">近几年关于乡村规划建设的研究中，“新乡贤”一词引发越来越多的研究和讨论。自2011《经济观察报》发表《新乡贤治村》一文伊始[5]，“新乡贤”现象引起广泛关注，2016年全国两会发布的《“十三五”规划纲要( 草案) 》，也明确提出要 “培育文明乡风、优良家风、新乡贤文化” [6]。关于新乡贤的界定，钱念孙认为“有德行、有才华，成长于乡土，奉献于乡里，在乡民邻里间威望高、口碑好的人，可谓之新乡贤，再宽泛一点说，只要有才能，有善念，有行动，愿意为农村建设出力的人，都可以称作新乡贤” [7]。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">还有研究者指出新乡贤主要是“出自于乡村，成就于城市；成长于乡土，弄潮于商海”的有特殊城乡内在关联的一批人[8]。新乡贤的作用体现在两个方面：一是他们扎根本土，对传统文化和乡村情况比较熟悉；二是他们具有新知识、新眼界，对现代社会价值观念和知识技能有一定把握。因而，“新乡贤”可以成为连接传统与现代的桥梁，他们可以用村民能够接受的方式来传递知识和观念[2]，可以发挥城乡协同治理作用。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">新乡贤既包括道德模范、社会贤达等，也包括以自己的专长、学识和财富建设乡村、改善民生的优秀人物[10]。现代社会存在两种乡贤，一种是“在场”的乡贤，一种是“不在场”的乡贤。前者扎根本土，把现代价值观传递给村民；后者出去奋斗，有了成就再回馈乡里。他们可能人不在当地，可以通过各种方式关心和支持家乡发展，他们的思想观念、知识和财富都能影响家乡[2]。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">新乡贤的出现，正好对应农村人才短缺、缺乏组织凝聚力的现实情况。新乡贤在参与乡村建设发展、推进乡村治理的过程中，通过财富、知识和思想观念等影响家乡、反哺乡里；在村居环境优化、乡村经济发展、乡村治理中起到关键作用[9]。因此，有必要探索新乡贤在乡村振兴中的作用及结合点。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 24px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">03.</strong></em></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;">揭西县湖光村规划实践</span></strong></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(8, 90, 81);box-sizing: border-box;">1、项目概况</span></strong></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">湖光村位于粤东揭阳市揭西县坪上镇，村域面积524.6公顷，处于客家文化与潮汕文化的过渡地带。湖光村距离揭西县城约10公里，临近潮惠高速河婆出入口，对外交通便利（图1）。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7555556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyoha5Cmia2AwOnra3kVDiawiaO5M49SMYBxDTTno451qIHubcibib4dhme6Htuz2R5VWibcT6neL4IQLCrLow/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="945" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">图1：湖光村在揭西县的位置</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">湖光村自然资源优势突出，北依青山，南傍榕水，山环水绕，沃野平畴。面朝巍峨的金山，背倚层峦叠嶂的群峰，半曲榕江，如玉带环绕于村南，千亩良田如绿毯铺展于村前，构成完整的山、水、田、林一体的自然格局（图2）。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5084567" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyoha5Cmia2AwOnra3kVDiawiaO5MANl1J4NchicL6HVZZLuTLfSCShtCrgLAEOb0N9064AWOA908YoXzxdw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="946" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">图2：湖光村现状航拍图</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">湖光村历史底蕴深厚，明朝中后期（约1530年）“贝氏一族”迁居至此，繁衍成村，至今全村皆为“贝氏宗族”。村内宗祠、古迹众多（图3），民风质朴，崇尚耕读文化。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4513742" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyoha5Cmia2AwOnra3kVDiawiaO5MsHNzG2lYmZEnxS0SzplpGUkZ2vwriajVQuicoWxwicKk9mrp8aazMDPcA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="946" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">图3：湖光村现状建筑布局图</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">全村现状户籍人口2890人，总户数880户，皆为“贝氏一族”。常住人口1260人，不足户籍人口一半。常住人口多为中老年人，据统计，90岁以上人口超过150人、百岁老人3人，因此湖光村也有“粤东巴马”之称。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">湖光村人向来有外出闯世界的传统和胆识，百年来特别是改革开放以来，全村有400多户（约2000余人）先后迁徙到东南亚、及国内的广州、深圳、珠海等地谋求发展。自上世纪80年代以来，大量青壮年外出发展，据不完全统计，现今在珠海经商、务工的湖光村人近900人。其中，有数十位乡贤发迹于政界、商界，成为政协委员、工商联成员等“社会名流”。在改革开放初期走出湖光村、进入城市“闯世界”的年轻一代，如今多已六十上下，虽已扎根城市，但仍心系家乡。加上全村皆为贝氏宗族，他们与湖光村的“亲情乡情纽带”十分牢固，远离故土，却依旧保持着乡音、习俗和辈序，传承着家族传统。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">乡贤们身居异地，心系乡梓，长期关注湖光村的建设发展，并乐于为家乡建设捐资出力。近年来，湖光村乡贤筹集资金过千万，先后重修贝氏宗祠，建设湖光大道、村办公大楼、文化中心、湖光小学教学大楼、村民休闲亭等项目，乡贤们留住乡愁、反哺故乡、美化故乡的意愿十分强烈。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">但随着人口减少，产业凋敝，湖光村不可扭转地呈现衰落的势态。老村区域呈现空心化、部分房屋废弃、倒塌（图4），历史遗迹亟待保护。村内水系因过渡养殖（养猪、养鱼）受到污染（图5），村居环境亟待优化。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding-right: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6321429" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyoha5Cmia2AwOnra3kVDiawiaO5MUVpxmqbnXnpiaBHFRgKhl1HZuyTuM71rGOkiaGAh1E0vp1dhabHjFT1g/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="560" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="padding: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(102, 102, 102);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">图4：老村房屋废弃、倒塌</span></p></section></section></section><section style="width: 50%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-left: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.7329193" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyoha5Cmia2AwOnra3kVDiawiaO5MP3JdReU3u9TpaZRXXyIgzNWKql6dCIlUF5st5JFlakicP0kbbVTmGCw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="483" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="padding: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(102, 102, 102);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">图5：村内水系受到污染</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">基于湖光村的区位条件、自然资源优势、人文底蕴及乡贤凝聚等基础。揭西县层面将湖光村列入揭西县乡村旅游发展探索的试点。如何整合各方资源，借助乡贤助力，全面优化湖光村发展，打造乡村振兴试点成为了本次规划的出发点。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(8, 90, 81);box-sizing: border-box;">2、规划实践</span></strong></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">结合湖光村实际，梳理山、水、林、田等自然资源；挖掘历史遗迹、古道、贝氏耕读文化、长寿之乡、乡贤文化等人文资源；确定湖光村生态旅游型美丽乡村的发展方向。近期侧重优化村庄人居环境，主要从改善住房条件、完善市政基础设施、保护文物修复风貌三个方面创建美丽宜居乡村；远期着重发展乡村生态旅游，形成集农业观光、生态农业、文化体验、养生度假等于一体的生态旅游型美丽乡村；整合旅游资源，实现由农业生产型乡村向农旅结合型乡村转变。营造“客家耕读、长寿曲湖”生态农场氛围，形成“山水田林，花果飘香”的美丽乡村，借助乡贤的力量实现乡村振兴，带动村民共同富裕。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">在规划实践中，基于湖光村发展条件及现状问题，整合乡贤意愿及村民需求，充分探索乡贤在村居环境优化、乡村经济发展、乡村治理等方面的作用和结合点。借助乡贤助力，实现乡村振兴。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（1）村居环境优化助力，促进美丽宜居</strong></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">村庄人居环境优化，主要从改善住房条件、完善市政基础设施、保护文物修复风貌三个方面入手。通过乡贤助力，营造美丽宜居乡村。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">①改善住房条件：整体改造建筑质量较差、空置率较高的老村区域农房，拆旧建新，建设农村新居，美化宅前屋后环境。满足乡贤返乡养老及村民紧迫的住房需求。保留现状建筑质量较好的住宅，注重风貌协调，改善住房条件，提升居住品质。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">②完善市政基础设施：优化村庄路网系统，营造环村绿道。完善污水处理设施布置，布局生态污水处理终端，并结合湿地公园处理尾水。完善雨水排水渠、山体截洪沟等设施梳理、建设，将村里水系与各风水塘、山塘联通，形成全村水循环系统，净化水体、美化环境。完善电力、通信、环卫等设施布局，提升村内基础设施服务水平。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">③保护文物和修复风貌：结合乡贤诉求，原址保护村内曲水亭、曲湖围屋、镇曲古庙、拨琳公祠、贝秀章墓、曲湖岽战役遗址等六处不可移动遗址；划定湖光村历史最为悠久、风貌较为完整的1.9公顷老村片区为风貌修复保护区，修复传统客家民居，集中展现传统客家古村风貌。满足乡贤留住乡愁、美化故乡的诉求。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5169492" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyoha5Cmia2AwOnra3kVDiawiaO5M5ruCJDAApyhasZmkmCPle7Ah7t3rwULkEEtHs2qVZPsm7Lm4vyPiaNg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="944" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">图6：村庄布局规划总平面图</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（2）经济发展助力，促进产业兴旺</strong></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">①确定乡村旅游发展方向。基于湖光村的资源条件，确定湖光村乡村生态旅游的发展方向。围绕“客家耕读、长寿曲湖、生态农场”的主题策划旅游项目：形成以农业生产为基础的农业种植、农事体验、果菜采摘等项目；以观光度假为主导的田园观光、科普教育、登山健身、养生度假等项目；以文化体验为特色的客家美食、民俗手工、民宿体验、文化观展等项目。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">落实到具体空间，对各功能片区进行详细的设计引导，形成“旅游服务区、村庄优化区、现代农业示范区、生态田园餐厅、无公害蔬菜基地、湿地公园、百果园、山泉浴场、百蔬园、百花园、百木园、荷香度假区、生态养殖区、沉香度假区、天然牧场、经果园等17个功能片区” （图7），作为发展乡村旅游的主要空间载体，打造“山水田林，花果飘香”的美丽乡村氛围。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.0748663" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyoha5Cmia2AwOnra3kVDiawiaO5MMQ0CGXVeLu22M1F9McbCeE3B0lCwjQ6wwXfZIJDgKYwceJVGb8LEJg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="561" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">图7：产业发展功能区规划图</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">②探索乡村旅游运营模式。湖光村的乡村生态旅游发展主要依托17个主题功能片区展开，将全村旅游发展目标分解到17个主题功能片区。划小开发单元，有利于乡贤、村民更好参与到乡村旅游的建设发展之中。乡贤及村民可对各主题功能区块、开发项目进行承包或分包。根据乡贤、村民的人脉、资源，引进成熟企业、资金、人才或成功经验。采用“公司+农户、乡贤+农户”等合作模式，创建品牌、打造产品体系。借力乡贤助力，推动湖光村产业发展。湖光村的现代农业示范区内现已建成规模化种植的输港蔬菜基地，是乡贤回乡创业，“乡贤+农户”合作模式的成功案例。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">基于村集体、村民、乡贤多方意愿，由村集体、村民、乡贤协同组建合作社（公司），作为乡村旅游开发的责任主体。乡贤、村民以自愿原则，以资金、土地、劳动力等生产要素入股，并明确各参与主体的权责。通过组建合作社公司，吸引乡贤返乡创业，鼓励村民就地就业创业，调动各方积极性，使其共享成果。在乡村旅游的建设发展中，借助乡贤的人脉、见识、能力等，带动湖光村产业发展。通过乡贤助力，促进乡村旅游兴旺发展。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5285412" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyoha5Cmia2AwOnra3kVDiawiaO5MwgLEhmc7ibSle32yR1q9ufABZFODHXEFhJxPw8ibwHuXsSegYyqqsDow/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="946" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">图8：政府、村委、乡贤、村民参与规划研讨会</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6099366" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/JARNncAyoha5Cmia2AwOnra3kVDiawiaO5M6Q0DiajmYquYLbH2NnP1OP1mvrF2wg2oGKIVessYlqbTo8CAO2ib0QqA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="946" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">图9：湖光村乡贤参与规划研讨会</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（3）乡村治理助力，促进乡风文明</strong></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">在中国传统乡土社会，乡贤曾经作为乡村治理的重要角色发挥过积极作用，曾经是传统社会基层治理的主要力量。作为农村中有声望、有能力的贤人，新乡贤在乡村治理中的地位依然重要。新乡贤在乡民中拥有一定威望，可以通过自身权威感召乡民、凝聚乡邻[9]。新乡贤是当下乡村多元协同治理体系中的重要主体之一，可以推动村规民约的制定，树立乡村新民风、新气象。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">湖光村乡贤创办了《湖光通讯》，湖光村贝氏宗族通过这份小报刊，传递乡音、连接乡情、宣传湖光村优秀人士及事迹，成为了湖光贝氏宗亲相互了解和相互鼓励的平台。对传承优良的家族传统，维持湖光村的质朴民风起到了重要作用。除此之外，湖光村每年举办贝氏宗亲联谊会，乡贤、村民们共聚一堂，凝聚乡邻，共谋发展。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">新时期乡村振兴的背景下，湖光村依据“贝氏家训”制定了湖光村的村规民约：“一、孝敬父母，宜承欢几谏，虽劳不违。二、尊敬长上，务尽子弟之责，不得有违。三、和睦乡里，宜出入相友，不得自侮侮人。四、五伦之纪当明，不得欺弱凌寡。五、友于兄弟，不得阋于墙而招外侮。六、守分耕读，不得非为而败德。”新乡贤们言传身教，通过《湖光通讯》反复刊载宣传。湖光村的“村规民约”已成为湖光小学课堂上的必修一课。村规民约的制定、传播及践行，对维护湖光村的良好民风具有重要作用。借助乡贤助力，制定村规民约，推动乡村治理，促进乡风文明。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 24px;color: rgb(8, 90, 81);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">04.</strong></em></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;">结语</span></strong></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;">在湖光村乡村振兴的规划实践中，针对乡村人才外流、乡村发展缺乏内生动力的问题，结合湖光村发展条件，顺应新乡贤群体留住乡愁、反哺故乡、返乡创业的意愿，寻求新乡贤在湖光村建设发展中的作用和结合点，并在规划实践中探索了新乡贤群体在村居环境优化、乡村经济发展、乡村治理等方面的作用和实践经验，希望能为我国乡村振兴实践提供一定借鉴。</section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">参考文献</strong></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">[1]万涛.权力的文化网络视角下的新乡贤返乡困境及对策——基于H省G村的调查和实验[J].城市规划,2016,40(11):21-29.</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">[2]张颐武.重视现代乡贤[N]. 人民日报,2015-09-30(007).</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">[3]姜德波,彭程.城市化进程中的乡村衰落现象:成因及治理——“乡村振兴战略”实施视角的分析[J].南京审计大学学报,2018,15(01):16-24.</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">[4]王卫星.美丽乡村建设:现状与对策[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科版),2014,53(01):1-6.</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">[5]韩雨亭．新乡贤治村[EB/OL]. ( 2011-12-09)</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">[6]贵阳日报．“新乡贤”为何受重视［EB/OL］．( 2016-03-18)</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">[7]光明日报．新农村呼唤新乡贤———代表委员畅谈新乡贤文化［EB/OL］．( 2016- 03-13)</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">[8]王先明．“新乡贤”的历史传承与当代建构［EB/OL］.( 2014-08-20)</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;">[9]胡鹏辉,高继波.新乡贤:内涵、作用与偏误规避[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017,17(01):20-29+144-145.</span></section><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-top: 1px dashed rgb(178, 178, 178);box-sizing: border-box;height: 0px;line-height: 0;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><br  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-left: 16px;margin-right: 16px;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">近期阅读：</strong></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" 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