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fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M135.7,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1s-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1S135.7,1.7,135.7,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M131.3,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C130.8,1.2,131.3,1.7,131.3,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g></g></svg></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 0px 15px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(107, 107, 107);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">【北京规划建设】是由与《北京规划建设》杂志联合推出的栏目，这里有新认知与旧经验的碰撞，新媒体与传统媒体的聚合。《北京规划建设》创刊于1987年，迄今已有32年的办刊历史。期刊强调深邃的思想性、厚重的理论性、丰富的实践性及敏锐的新闻性。【北京规划建设】系列既有严谨洗练的学术论文，也有轻松活泼的随笔。你走，我不送你；你来，无论多大风雨，我都等你。</p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 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border-box;" d="M144.5,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C144.1,1.2,144.5,1.7,144.5,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M140.1,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C139.7,1.2,140.1,1.7,140.1,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M135.7,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1s-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1S135.7,1.7,135.7,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M131.3,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C130.8,1.2,131.3,1.7,131.3,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g></g></svg></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 30px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(89, 104, 133);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2018年，北京市城市规划设计研究院成立“历史文化名城保护研究中心”，中心以学习、交流、回报、引领为宗旨，力图形成开放的学术研究平台。2019年，中心谋划并启动“名城纵横”系列沙龙活动，为致力于或热心于名城保护的有志之士搭建交流平台，多维度探讨关于文明、文化的话题。该活动计划定于每年的春分和秋分日举办，每期邀请2-3名专家学者进行主题发言，结合每期话题向公众开放，以促进广泛交流与相互启发。为此，特在我刊开设“名城纵横”专栏，分享沙龙活动的精彩发言与点评。</p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-15px, 0px, 0px);margin: -70px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 150px;height: 60px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(159, 208, 238);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-left: 0px solid rgb(62, 62, 62);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(159, 208, 238);border-top-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: -15px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/P4gZMJaATf2u1rttrmga4LYxaW7BUFMtsvdRVqYQzeJHK9iakVqiahibrqxfyTBpJmAZWsFrGB3GFDWkXiaILVKzVA/640?wx_fmt=gif" data-type="gif" data-w="300" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人类自300万年前或800万年前诞生以来着实进步不小，这300万年甚或800万年以来，人类为自身的存在、繁衍、进步发明创造了很多东西，但总结起来我们会看到，这许多发明创造中有四样最为重要，即文字、法律、货币、宗教，可称之为人类四大发明。四大发明对人类社会的作用是这样的：<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: right;font-size: 0px;margin: 10px 0% -5px;transform: translate3d(-20px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-20px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-20px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 9px;height: 9px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 50px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(253, 233, 164);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(217, 237, 244);border-width: 0px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 6px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 57, 82);padding: 0px 20px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(1, 188, 171);text-shadow: rgb(181, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) 1px -1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) -1px 1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) -1px -1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) 1px 0px, rgb(181, 255, 255) -1px 0px, rgb(181, 255, 255) 0px 1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) 0px -1px;box-sizing: border-box;">文字</span></strong>开启了人类用符号记录自身语言的历史；文字使得人类之间的沟通可以轻易地跨越时间和空间……</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;">表1 世界上几种主要文字的大致起源时期</span></em></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.2906221" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMKlQKnFyccLrMuGjN7l8u11CqpHTSlxPUefwMKp5PwPJhdNnPCwQw0JkQPg5TTKHpLPtVvUQd3xA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1077" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"></section></section><section style="padding: 0px 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">注释：</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">1、全世界曾经出现过的语言有5600余种；</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">2、全世界曾经出现过的文字估计有上千种乃至几千种。</span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 6px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 57, 82);padding: 0px 20px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(1, 188, 171);text-shadow: rgb(181, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) 1px -1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) -1px 1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) -1px -1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) 1px 0px, rgb(181, 255, 255) -1px 0px, rgb(181, 255, 255) 0px 1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) 0px -1px;box-sizing: border-box;">法律</span></strong>使得人类的活动有了边界和底线；法律规范了人类社会的秩序……</p><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">表2 世界范围内一些重要法典出现的时期</em></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.2400835" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMKlQKnFyccLrMuGjN7l8u1pWqqoTuJP3F6ADgicXB9B1ypia6qVmUXJ1DzsW5zPu1CpWb6Kt3ibmsicQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="479" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"></section></section><section style="margin: 6px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 57, 82);padding: 0px 20px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(1, 188, 171);text-shadow: rgb(181, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) 1px -1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) -1px 1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) -1px -1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) 1px 0px, rgb(181, 255, 255) -1px 0px, rgb(181, 255, 255) 0px 1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) 0px -1px;box-sizing: border-box;">货币</span></strong>使得人类在贸易活动中有了一个被公认的媒介；货币确立了人类的信用体系；货币促进了人类的分工协作……</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;">表3 货币的起源及其有关重大事件</span></em></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.5608466" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMKlQKnFyccLrMuGjN7l8u1ibjxTO5iaH7t0TmEibo5tbB3JSC2QmhktiavFvaPiae5J58SibkGDxNhciboA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="567" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 6px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 57, 82);padding: 0px 20px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 17px;color: rgb(1, 188, 171);text-shadow: rgb(181, 255, 255) 1px 1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) 1px -1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) -1px 1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) -1px -1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) 1px 0px, rgb(181, 255, 255) -1px 0px, rgb(181, 255, 255) 0px 1px, rgb(181, 255, 255) 0px -1px;box-sizing: border-box;">宗教</span></strong>是解释宇宙存在的最初理论；宗教使得人类有了精神寄托；宗教是人类生产道德的工厂；宗教为科学的生长和发展提供了土壤……</p><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;">表4 世界上几大宗教的起源时期</span></em></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 90%;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.3985891" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icKFe0wqE4eMKlQKnFyccLrMuGjN7l8u1Exx3vPnr9cOpjlEAsDurBicM374a454N6wb9NnOhYhf0mrN7Fj6D4Jg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="567" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"></section></section><section style="margin: 6px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 57, 82);padding: 0px 20px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></em></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 0px;margin: -7px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(12px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(12px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(12px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(12px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 13px;height: 13px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;line-height: 0;letter-spacing: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 50px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);background-color: rgb(253, 233, 164);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(89, 153, 163);text-shadow: white 1px 1px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 1.4px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 1.3px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.4px 1px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 0.7px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 0.6px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 0.7px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.6px 1px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 1.3px 0px, white 1px 1px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">哲学</span></strong>不能算是人类的发明，它只是人类认识世界、认识宇宙的一种思想方法，或者说是人类探索宇宙的一种路径。这个方法你用不用它，这条路你走不走它，它都在那里。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(89, 153, 163);text-shadow: white 1px 1px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 1.4px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 1.3px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.4px 1px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 0.7px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 0.6px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 0.7px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.6px 1px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 1.3px 0px, white 1px 1px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">数学</span></strong>是宇宙存在的根本逻辑，它不是人类的发明，更不是创造，它是上帝给宇宙定下的一个规则，或是天然的规则，人类只能去发现它、探索它。你无论怎样去发现它、探索它，甚至利用它，它都在那里。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(89, 153, 163);text-shadow: white 1px 1px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 1.4px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 1.3px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.4px 1px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 0.7px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 0.6px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 0.7px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.6px 1px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 1.3px 0px, white 1px 1px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">语言</span></strong>是人类自身生物进化的产物，不是人类的发明。尽管语言对于人类很重要，但它就像人类有两条走路的腿，有活动自如的两臂，有昼夜不舍的心脏，有会逻辑思考的大脑一样，是生物进化的产品。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(89, 153, 163);text-shadow: white 1px 1px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 1.4px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 1.3px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.4px 1px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1.3px 0.7px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 1px 0.6px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 0.7px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.6px 1px 0px, rgb(89, 153, 163) 0.7px 1.3px 0px, white 1px 1px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市</span></strong>当然是人类一个很重要的发明，但它是人类的最大的一个小发明。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人类的其他发明创造都是技术上的发明创造，不如文字、法律、货币、宗教这四个发明具有如此的颠覆性和引领性。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人类的四大发明是人类在距今几万年前至几千年前逐步形成的，但这四项发明可能在真正的AI出现之前已经或将长远地、永久地决定了人类以后的发展方向。</p><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 303.3 4.6" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g 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fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M135.7,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1s-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1S135.7,1.7,135.7,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M131.3,2.3c0,0.6-0.5,1.1-1.1,1.1c-0.6,0-1.1-0.5-1.1-1.1c0-0.6,0.5-1.1,1.1-1.1    C130.8,1.2,131.3,1.7,131.3,2.3z" fill="rgb(204,146,94)"></path></g></g></svg></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;white-space: normal;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者简介：北京市城市规划设计研究院副院长</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">原文发表于《北京规划建设》杂志2019年第6期。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">获授权微信首发，如需转载请联系本号。</span></p></section></section>
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