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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 2px none rgb(255, 202, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(125, 146, 160);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-53202-1534475045474" style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文需阅读 - 20分钟</p></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0%;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgba(95, 156, 239, 0.69);background-color: rgb(195, 192, 192);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-shadow: rgb(81, 111, 180) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(76, 27, 157);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(81, 111, 180);background-color: rgba(201, 199, 199, 0.62);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(58, 53, 53);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sustainable</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgba(201, 199, 199, 0.62);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(58, 53, 53);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Cities &</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgba(201, 199, 199, 0.62);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(58, 53, 53);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Mobility</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 2px solid rgb(179, 179, 179);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(179, 179, 179);padding: 0px 5px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划与发展战略</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">城市综合交通</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">公共交通与非机动化出行</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;">活力街区、街道与城市设计</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">量化城市与大数据</span></p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(206, 171, 38);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(76, 27, 157);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">「」</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2019年<span style="color: rgb(125, 146, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"> | 11月18</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">日期</span></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 40%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 70%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8RhBVCwoIibibuRPgQ2a2icTqF1SyiapG8Yh61Xbibk1B7IkFrQXicB2VznBhUvflj5aic0VjFNe0S8miaJA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="1.0234604105571847" data-w="682"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(181, 190, 143);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 17%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Z6jjBcicmicfEn7MxRJyfWjncdiaInribeLkpPU9W7ibc0FUI1TuwEyNbwDVzZtIqT9VCaWQRvJ9WqZibeVERLck7h9g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(94, 164, 178);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 5px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">团队成员<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 5%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Z6jjBcicmicfEn7MxRJyfWjncdiaInribeLkpPU9W7ibc0FUI1TuwEyNbwDVzZtIqT9VCaWQRvJ9WqZibeVERLck7h9g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Z6jjBcicmicfEn7MxRJyfWjncdiaInribeLkpPU9W7ibc0FUI1TuwEyNbwDVzZtIqT9VCaWQRvJ9WqZibeVERLck7h9g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;transform: rotateZ(7deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(7deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(7deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(7deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(102, 102, 102) 3.2px 3.2px 8px;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;height: auto !important;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="170" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8RhBVCwoIibibuRPgQ2a2icTqAEFy0UhXrlJVdXDWLzWyQNBPRwAancycJDrnnicTD7JTjKp0v5IGoMA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;transform: rotateZ(350deg);-webkit-transform: rotateZ(350deg);-moz-transform: rotateZ(350deg);-o-transform: rotateZ(350deg);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;width: 100%;border-width: 4px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(102, 102, 102) 3.2px 3.2px 8px;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;height: auto !important;"><img data-ratio="1.0234375" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8RhBVCwoIibibuRPgQ2a2icTqymDhMvicPy40CkAib5Wlib5mbibX9qibF4rgp2dBNCFCAlPNVwuLO8DgUDA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Z6jjBcicmicfEn7MxRJyfWjncdiaInribeLkpPU9W7ibc0FUI1TuwEyNbwDVzZtIqT9VCaWQRvJ9WqZibeVERLck7h9g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;padding: 0px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.5px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong></span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">原文 |</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"></strong>Richard Florida、Tanvi Misra   </span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">翻译 | 宁思曼</strong></span><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">编辑 | </strong>众山小 <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">    校核 |</strong> </span><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">众山小</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文献 |</strong> 孙艺笑</span><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">   </span><strong style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">排版 |</strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"> 杨绿野</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(128, 178, 188);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;">微博 |</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12px;box-sizing: border-box;"> weibo.com/</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 7%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Z6jjBcicmicfEn7MxRJyfWjncdiaInribeLkpPU9W7ibc0FUI1TuwEyNbwDVzZtIqT9VCaWQRvJ9WqZibeVERLck7h9g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/Z6jjBcicmicfEn7MxRJyfWjncdiaInribeLkpPU9W7ibc0FUI1TuwEyNbwDVzZtIqT9VCaWQRvJ9WqZibeVERLck7h9g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section><section style="margin: -55px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 27%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8RhBVCwoIibibuRPgQ2a2icTqJucXeUchRNLpNyTm8wJVSVkVic16tE45MxmBdlR4D8Bm3XQQ0Pu2ltA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 0px 30px;border-radius: 0px;border-style: none solid;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(76, 27, 157);padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;padding: 0px;line-height: 1;color: rgb(94, 164, 178);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">导读</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: 10px 0% -40px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-left: 10px none rgb(255, 115, 115);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-right: 10px solid rgb(244, 10, 10);border-top-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);padding: 0px 20px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">美国的城市将以成为技术中心看做崛起的重要标志，而拥有较高的创业风险投资集中度和大量的初创企业（尤其是科技行业的增长性子行业）是创业生态系统活力的重要衡量标准。虽然美国一线技术城市依然有巨大的优势，但世界其他科技中心城市（尤其中国）的迅速崛起隐隐挑起了作者的担忧，并且视之为未来美国工业主导地位的最大挑战。之后我们再选择把眼光投向印度。美丽的卫星新城古尔冈一端是崭新的高楼，一端是破败的棚户区，这只是社会系统性不平等在城市的一种体现。贫者与富者并不能共享一个城市，这一点让一位摄影家用略带荒诞感的照片表现出来，希望能引起更多的思考。我国的情况没有这么极端，但也有许多艺术家通过照片、画作甚至是文学展现农民工艰苦的生活。艺术家把问题呈现在我们眼前，但是如何去有效地解决这种问题需要更多的智慧。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -40px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 60px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;border-left: 10px solid rgb(58, 53, 53);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 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d="M60,0h-5h-5h-5h-5v5v5v5v5v5h5h5h5h5h5v-5v-5v-5V5V0H60z M60,10v5v5h-5h-5h-5v-5v-5V5h5h5h5V10z" fill="#000000" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></path></g></svg></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">则一、美国以外的城市崛起</strong></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Richard Florida  </span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;">翻译/ 宁思曼 </span>  </p><p style="text-align: left;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/zib0rDvMfnFS1IZwnUxyO8IG9tTf6JPjSELRM7iaFsF82XEbrpYTFgqF3LXaF0wnXwQl8S99icz7BaAIlJe1RN5VQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.06133333333333333" data-w="750"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8RhBVCwoIibibuRPgQ2a2icTqf7vK939ae019ToG7wENNf8rydaXmglu8cK3wPQVO0VWDT40s9hQvKQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="0.7085106382978723" data-w="940"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、</em></strong><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">北京的中央商务区，世界新兴的科技中心之一。照片：Ng Han Guan/美联社</strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="line-height: 2;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">美国城市在高科技初创企业和风险投资方面仍然占有优势，但世界其他地区正在迅速赶上。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我们现在听到很多关于所谓的“其他城市的崛起”的消息 - 像美国匹兹堡，圣路易斯，底特律和纳什维尔这样的二线美国城市崛起，成为湾区、纽约、波士顿和西雅图这样既有技术中心城市的挑战者。但现实情况是，其他城市的崛起主要发生在美国以外的城市。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这些关键结论来自创业基因组（Startup Genome）的全球创业生态系统报告2018年版(参考文献1，请后台留言联系我们下载）。该报告列举了欧洲，加拿大，特别是中国充满活力的创业生态系统的兴起。它还介绍了哪些城市和国家在科技行业增长最快的子行业领先，包括人工智能，区块链和机器人。该报告包括近100个生态系统中100多万家公司的数据，并在众多因素中检查资本总量，创始人的传记以及公司与更大生态系统的联系等因素。以下报告中的图表显示了世界主要地区（美国，欧洲，亚太地区，加拿大和美洲（不包括美国）和非洲）创业风险投资集中度。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8RhBVCwoIibibuRPgQ2a2icTqQh6YuuyHCzEeYGge70ABUPibecmO0mTmQYibIG4SooaQNHQy3lpfj9DA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.6064516129032258" data-w="620"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、按地区划分的风险投资（创业基因组）</em></strong></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">美国仍然是世界领先的初创企业风险投资中心。但看看2012-13至2016-17的趋势。美国在风险投资总额中所占的份额从2012年的大约70％下降到2017年的略高于40％。与此同时，亚太地区风险投资基金的增长迅猛，从14％上升到近40％。事实上，在2017年，美国和亚太地区甚至完全按照这一指标衡量，每个国家占全球份额的42％（图表显示为两年的时间间隔）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">亚太地区风险资本投资的增长大部分发生在中国，中国现在的 “独角兽”（私人创业公司总值10亿美元或更多）占全球的35％，而2014年为14％。在这一时期，美国拥有 “独角兽”公司的份额从大约60％下降到40％。值得指出的是，在我对自几年前对全球风险资本数据的研究中，我发现中国有相当数量的超过5亿美元的巨额投资，这些投资很难被证明是传统的创业风险资本而且正在上升（我从我的数据中排除了这些投资。）</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">尽管如此，中国不断增加的科技支配地位并不能否认。“华尔街日报”最近的分析证实了全球创业生态系统报告的结果：2017年，亚洲投资者（由中国领导）占全球风险投资资金的40％，而10年前仅为5％。中国的风险投资增长正在推动科技创业公司史无前例的全球增长。全球创业活动在2015年至2017年期间创造了2.3万亿美元的价值，比2014年至2016年期间增长多了25％以上。“华尔街日报”指出，尽管大多数中国风险资本流向中国创业公司，但投资者越来越希望为海外公司，尤其是亚洲其他地区的公司提供资金。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">所有这些新资金都不会流向与几年前同类的公司。根据创业生态系统的报告，我们正在进入科技公司的风险投资的“第三波”。科技初创公司的第一波是通往互联网的原始网关，如美国在线（AOL）和网景（Netscape）;第二波由Facebook和Twitter等社交媒体公司组成。根据该报告，第三波将由复杂的“深度技术”公司定义，专门研究人工智能和区块链等领域以及像Uber和Airbnb等解决实际问题的公司。越来越多的城市正在成为创新和创业公司的平台（我将来会就这方面写更多的东西）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 96%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8RhBVCwoIibibuRPgQ2a2icTqhibN9BxZicfx6KDtTajxDk2zcHpUXR0SgU4LRibFhx4ZWkTGiazoffZ9NQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.5145161290322581" data-w="620"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、科技行业不断增长的，成熟的和下降的子行业（创业基因组）</em></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">从两张图可以看出，人口和工作都将分布在伦敦中心区以东Tower Hamlets和Newham区附近。这也不难理解，这些区域是伦敦城的老工业基地，从用地布局来说，属于工厂关闭之后所闲置的“棕色土地”。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">该报告深入研究了13个主要技术领域或子行业的创业生态系统的地理位置，显示了广泛的增长。最有前途的领域是人工智能和大数据，区块链，机器人和高端制造业，以及农业和食品技术。生物技术，金融科技（金融技术），edtech（教育技术）和清洁技术等成熟部门的增长保持稳定。数字媒体，游戏和广告技术（广告技术）等一系列衰退行业的风险投资资金增长下降。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">报告中的以下地图显示了科技行业顶级子行业初创生态系统和风险投资的地理变化。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8RhBVCwoIibibuRPgQ2a2icTqWW7b7HzLbiaiadT44RF52nnLCeagl5wXNTJhB5g9Jtbh6qtMClscibpMw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.5435483870967742" data-w="620"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图四、人工智能中心（创业基因组）</strong></em></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></em></span></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">看到上面的人工智能地图，许多专家认为这将重塑多个产业直到整个经济。湾区（仍然处于领先地位）、西雅图、波士顿、芝加哥、休斯敦和迈阿密都是人工智能的关键中心。但多伦多滑铁卢、蒙特利尔、渥太华和埃德蒙顿;伦敦、法兰克福、伊斯坦布尔、莫斯科和赫尔辛基;北京、深圳、吉隆坡和台北也是如此。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8RhBVCwoIibibuRPgQ2a2icTqMHiarjicM4IDv86iap7F0g1c3to0wRZKsUWxK9NDM7qW5WXxr5GOiclIjQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.5774193548387097" data-w="620"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图五、区块链中心（创业基因组）</strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></em></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区块链生态系统较少，大部分集中在欧洲 - 以及一些令人惊讶的地方，包括马耳他和直布罗陀。包括北京、新加坡、特拉维夫和纽约在内的金融中心也是主要的区块链中心。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia8RhBVCwoIibibuRPgQ2a2icTqZEVtBvuc5j0DrPsoSbgYEgbBcIjeLUU3HsUInmGEa5BC4SI6nbBuXw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.5596774193548387" data-w="620"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图六、先进制造业和机器人技术中心（创业基因组）</strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></em></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传统的北美技术中心构成了最先进的制造业和机器人枢纽集群。这些城市许多都拥有开创这些新技术的领先研究型大学。除了德国的两个主要城市之外，这一类别的其他枢纽都位于亚洲，那里有着世界大量的制造业。该报告将深圳单独列为“硬件硅谷”，许多先进制造技术正在开发中。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">尽管旧金山和纽约仍然是世界领先的创业生态系统，而且美国科技中心如波士顿和西雅图在两个或更多关键技术领域具有显著优势，但一大波美国之外的城市正在蓬勃发展创业生态系统，例如加拿大的多伦多、蒙特利尔和温哥华; 欧洲和中东的伦敦、柏林和以色列; 以及亚洲的北京、深圳、新加坡和台北。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">美国仍然是世界领先的高科技国家，但仅限于一小部分的城市。几乎没有证据表明美国其他地区的技术中心有所增加。但世界其他国家的情况明显上升，部分原因是特朗普政府的排外和反革新的管理，部分原因是美国之外的城市的有意识地努力成为更具有竞争力的技术生态系统。世界其他地区的崛起是接下来几十年美国工业主导地位的最大挑战。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8RhBVCwoIibibuRPgQ2a2icTq5J22Kdb96VeicRmVa92PYMAicIZWSufNicjmtkrXQdXlxqmY0w2ErMLmw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="0.6670212765957447" data-w="940"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 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style="box-sizing: border-box;">则二、新德里闪亮卫星城里的隐形工人</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">原文/ Tanvi Misra    翻译/ 宁思曼   </span></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_png/zib0rDvMfnFS1IZwnUxyO8IG9tTf6JPjSELRM7iaFsF82XEbrpYTFgqF3LXaF0wnXwQl8S99icz7BaAIlJe1RN5VQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.06133333333333333" data-w="750"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一位法国摄影师捕捉到了印度首都超级私有化城镇在承诺与现实之间的脱节。</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由于印度首都新德里近几十年来发展迅速，周边各州纷纷兴建带由带门禁的高层公寓大楼、华丽的办公大楼和时尚商场斑斓点缀的新城。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">最着名的例子是古尔冈（Gurgaon），或称之为“千年之城” - 这个郊区往往定位为印度城市的未来。这是一个由私人开发商创建的大都市，由公司而不是地方政府服务于居民的市政需求。由于人们在21世纪初从新德里涌入古尔冈，开发商纷纷开始建造高层建筑以容纳它们。但在这些结构之外，几乎没有任何市政基础设施被计划。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其结果是：无计划的都市岛屿容纳了富人和有抱负的人 - 但对其他人来说没有空间。守卫，女仆，保姆，摊贩，建筑工人和其他在职贫困人口经常住在建筑工地或城市边缘的临时棚户区。正如作家拉纳·达斯古普塔（Rana Dasgupta）在“资本：德里的爆发”中所指出的那样，“古尔冈并没有理由称之为公共空间：例如，大量清理办公室和房屋的穷人不能住在那里。”</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在这个地区时，法国摄影师Arthur Crestani注意到农民工（的劳动力在建造并保持这座城市的运行）与独享利益者的脱节。工人们正处于边缘的边缘。在他的照片系列“糟糕的城市梦”中，他专注于这种严峻的不平等。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者最近通过电子邮件向Crestani询问了他的项目（粗体字代表问题）：</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">是什么激励你做这种照片系列？</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">房地产广告在印度城市无处不在。地方政府声称他们的城市“全球化”，并提供所谓的“世界级”基础设施的野心，散发了海量的印度中产阶级的愿望。这些广告不仅仅是关于公寓，还有巴黎、新加坡和迪拜的豪华生活方式。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8RhBVCwoIibibuRPgQ2a2icTqJCIL7Odf6JqYXg9Spq1qZOj65h8HEREo1eia1OcCMkyNaL5DoFdRjqQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="0.6670212765957447" data-w="940"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图八、(Arthur Crestani)</strong></em></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我想展示一种强烈的对比-广告中使用的繁复的视觉效果与这些新建住宅项目所在空间的裸露的差异。为此，我使用了豪华建筑的背景，并邀请城市的农民工在他们面前摆摆姿势。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这是对使用印度工作室摄影的绘图背景传统的参考，在这些工作室里拍照主体在背景前对着相机摆出姿势。我的项目重现了这一过程，以便讲述当今城市化的故事。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">你的项目试图传达关于印度城市的信息是什么？</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">印度社会的不平等是系统性的。古尔冈的一个显着特点是经济范围两端之间的距离很近。随着豪华房地产项目的涌现，在这些飞地建设和工作的劳动力所在的贫民窟也在增长。大门处的围栏，铁丝网和保安人员旨在隔离富人和穷人。然而，古尔冈的富裕居民高度依赖建造城市的廉价劳动力，清理房屋并烹饪食物。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我拍摄的“糟糕的城市梦”的人都属于这类工作者。他们是这个城市不可分割的一部分，但他们被排除在现代化的轰轰烈烈的话语之外。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8RhBVCwoIibibuRPgQ2a2icTq64AJZtxAGgiaGwdzw3EjN4IdEWx4mTYqwLvRpLkiabT681lTbMEicu6Ig/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="0.6670212765957447" data-w="940"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图九、(Arthur Crestani)</strong></em></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">你的照片对德里的城市化有何描述？</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">印度经济的自由化[在20世纪90年代]诞生了一个新的理想-自由市场成功地提供了政府在集权经济中未能实现的服务和产品的质量。古尔冈是这个项目的城市版表述。城市的发展可以通过哈里亚纳邦缺少法律和财政障碍（与非常规范的德里国家首都辖区相比）来解释。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人们可以称古尔冈实验取得成功，因为该城市是该国人均收入最高的城市之一，吸引了公司和合格的劳动力，并且贫民窟的占比低于许多其他主要城市。然而，这是一座没有公共空间的城市，必须由私人公司提供基本的公用设施，而缺乏城市规划则不利于社会和环境的可持续发展。住宅项目似乎是为了娱乐或展示而建造的，其中四分之一的公寓未售出。而在没有公用事业的城市，只有富人才能兴旺起来。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8RhBVCwoIibibuRPgQ2a2icTqqnUDaibxcGcJGrbXGW35dXAXdlbcgIgfO7h5jv57Bxvv1YjIsrB3NcA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="0.6680851063829787" data-w="940"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十、(Arthur Crestani)</strong></em></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">在您的网站上，您将古尔冈称为德里的“Banlieue”（郊区）。我发现这个词在此的使用是有趣的用法，因为它对法国城市具有特定的内涵。古尔冈和法国城市郊区的市镇有什么相似之处和不同之处？</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“Banlieue”传达了超越城市界限的地理降级和城市生活的一种排斥形式。在德里的边界地区这种降级是显而易见的，我在那里拍摄了“糟糕的城市梦” - 古尔冈的卫星城市在农用地之上生长。然而，自印度独立以来德里的故事一直是扩张的一个故事，我很清楚自己去过的德里周边的地区将很快被城市结构吸收。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8RhBVCwoIibibuRPgQ2a2icTqFabG8RvQjezDSibU7RB3XDS0KEPwibBLaydaOObCjdB8S9QLDoCW3b5A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="0.6670212765957447" data-w="940"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十一、(Arthur Crestani)</strong></em></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 2;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">法国郊区和古尔冈之间最明显的相似之处在于空间的使用。在缓慢的城市发展中，城市的使用密度很高，社会混合度也很高，尤其是在街道的层面；另外有一种快速的城市化，它创造了郊区，使城市空间变得支离破碎，只有来自特定社会群体的人才会聚集在一起。购物中心的兴起是印度和法国中产阶级最喜欢的聚会地点，这也很说明我们缺少有吸引力的公共空间。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">法国郊区和古尔冈的主要区别在于地方政府的作用。虽然古尔冈是自由放任主义思想和自由市场城市主义的产物，但法国郊区在很大程度上依赖于公共政策，尤其是公共住房和交通方面的投资。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">你想分享一下你在这个项目上工作的轶事或故事吗？</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这个项目的制作很有趣。我有机会接触各界人士 - 从房地产经纪人到保安人员和建筑工人。事实上，我很惊讶拍摄有多容易，因为我最初担心我会吸引土地所有者的不必要的关注。我与同意被拍照的人的互动很有趣，似乎他们喜欢参与这个项目。只要有可能，我总是通过Whatsapp将他们的照片发给他们。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia8RhBVCwoIibibuRPgQ2a2icTqqep2lHzB1iaKWA32O6cJRrgnFvgGThoAOqlhMib8kiam3L4epkb172thA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="0.6670212765957447" data-w="940"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图十二、(Arthur Crestani)</strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></em></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);padding: 0px 10px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我通过收集来自各种“房地产展览会”的房地产小册子开始这个项目，这形成了我的照片背景的基础。这些（展览会）经常发生在德里外围的标准化五星级酒店，不仅仅是古尔冈，还有德瓦卡和诺伊达。除了提供没啥特色的抽象艺术和平淡的意大利美食之外，这些酒店还有许多用厚重的窗帘和地毯装饰的接待大厅，用来让发起人为展会设置了展位。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在参观者急匆匆而来之前，我会尽早去参观每个展位，假装成为法国投资者的代表，将去房地产行业工作或实际上正在寻找自己的公寓。我不确定是否有人认真对待我，但作为一名外国人确实帮助我获得了代理人的同情。我从公寓大小到健身房和停车设施都得到了深入的解释。我毫无困难地得到自己想要的的光面小册子，甚至有一次拿到了包装礼物。我等了几个月才终于打开它。这是印有一个发起人的名字咖啡杯。巧的是，它已经被打破了。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/JMt3yqFX8RgZd70MM9p7lsXibZBDficTMdhYwgLrSBrj6r3W7f1T5gXvS9noZVOfdSBu6la1ps7uEufcU6NhreWA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" class="" data-ratio="0.034482758620689655" data-w="580"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(142, 201, 101);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -40px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 60%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 5px solid rgb(237, 194, 113);border-top-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(181, 190, 143);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(142, 201, 101);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -30px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: 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