国匠城工作台

当前：新闻编辑 | 格式化工具 | 查看本文

标题

分类

（编号：1116）

链接

作者

时间

政策

省

市

年

月

直播

主办：
协办：
时间：
会议室：
直播链接：

/h1

/h2

strong

/strong

<br />

<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 88%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(183, 209, 9);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 18%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-1px, 0px, 0px);margin: -1px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 40px;height: 40px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px 0px 100%;border-style: solid;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(183, 209, 9) rgb(183, 209, 9) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 3px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(4px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 60%;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><svg class="svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 108.54 70" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%"><g style="box-sizing: border-box;"><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M56.65,49c1.8,9.84,9.99,18.14,19.69,20.35c10.49,2.39,21.34-1.97,27.48-10.74   c5.67-8.1,6.4-19.38,1.31-27.94c-5.49-9.23-16.5-14.16-27.06-12.52c2.31-2.91,4.5-5.9,6.74-8.85c1.41-1.86,5.28-5.28,3.75-7.88   c-2.03-3.45-5.06,0.21-6.63,1.86c-2.61,2.73-5.32,5.37-7.89,8.14C64.65,21.51,53.95,34.31,56.65,49z" fill="rgb(183,209,9)"></path><path style="box-sizing: border-box;" d="M0.42,49c1.8,9.84,9.99,18.14,19.69,20.35c10.49,2.39,21.34-1.97,27.48-10.74   c5.67-8.1,6.4-19.38,1.31-27.94c-5.49-9.23-16.5-14.16-27.06-12.52c2.31-2.91,4.5-5.9,6.74-8.85c1.41-1.86,5.28-5.28,3.75-7.88   c-2.03-3.45-5.06,0.21-6.63,1.86c-2.61,2.73-5.32,5.37-7.89,8.14C8.42,21.51-2.27,34.31,0.42,49z" fill="rgb(183,209,9)"></path></g></svg></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 82%;padding: 5px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb tn-yzk-fuid-text-84986-1555425606557" style="text-align: right;color: rgb(65, 62, 37);font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-shadow: rgb(225, 238, 226) 0px 0px 0px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">编辑部</span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb tn-yzk-fuid-text-44912-1555425570426" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.87);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">相较五年前，“社区营造”已逐渐积累起中国从政府到民间、从学术到基层越来越广泛的共识。今天的《社造来了》已经有了更为广阔的视野，更为多元的价值观，更为完整的知识体系，更为完善的工作路径，带着几分淡定的、但仍不停歇的“社区营造”，该如何更从容一点的步入更多有意思的社区呢？</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 88%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.612037" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/DR7iaicYMC86oKJswj3yWYLul6SibHCM2BoRPswtbQgqr7m9cv9exxic2Hvl7ZzQmmFOJV46caMn0lL8U2Baqliaia8A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 96%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(183, 209, 9);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb tn-yzk-fuid-text-51302-1554176150503" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 18px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">借各种机会走访美国不同城市乡村社区，跟来自世界各地的朋友聊起他们去过的有意思的社区。带着门外汉的好奇心，凭借记者和政治学者的观察力，我们深入了解社区营造的鲜活经验和背后理路，也借此机会梳理桃子采访过的台湾社造案例。这个专栏要向你讲述的就是这些社区的故事。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: right;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">——摘自庆明的发刊词</span></p></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-top-left-radius: 50%;border-top-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-left-radius: 50%;border: 1px solid rgb(183, 209, 9);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(183, 209, 9);border-right-color: rgb(183, 209, 9);border-bottom-color: rgb(183, 209, 9);border-left-color: rgb(183, 209, 9);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">这是社造来了第 <span style="color: rgb(183, 209, 9);box-sizing: border-box;">008</span></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">篇文章</strong></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(183, 209, 9);border-right-color: rgb(183, 209, 9);border-bottom-color: rgb(183, 209, 9);border-left-color: rgb(183, 209, 9);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-top-left-radius: 50%;border-top-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-right-radius: 50%;border-bottom-left-radius: 50%;border: 1px solid rgb(183, 209, 9);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 96%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(183, 209, 9);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(117, 117, 117);padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">波特兰赛尔伍德社区</p></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(183, 209, 9);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 92%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb tn-yzk-fuid-text-80434-1563206768175" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 13px;color: rgb(125, 122, 122);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">从墨西哥的一座玛雅村庄回到美国波特兰市的家中，马克·莱克曼（Mark Lakeman）心里总觉得少了点什么。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">马克成长于波特兰市，受父母影响成了建筑设计师，却越来越觉得自己困在了城市的茧里。他决定逃出去，花了7年时间游历几大洲的村庄和小镇，最后住进了墨西哥南部的一座玛雅村庄。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">在村庄的市集、街道上，扑面而来的是他从未感受过的活力，到处都是人与人之间交织起来的生机勃勃的公共空间。但当他回到城市，重新住进典型的美国小区，他忽然意识到“没有人在交流”。他决定要做点什么，把这个城市社区缺失的东西修补起来</span>。</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(183, 209, 9);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="margin-bottom: -6px;line-height: 1em;padding-left: 2px;padding-right: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">从孤独城市到热闹村庄</strong></p></section><section style="width: 100%;height: 10px;background-color: rgb(170, 205, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb tn-yzk-fuid-text-16035-1568798955287" style="padding: 0px 18px;font-size: 15px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.77);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">时间拨回到1985年。24岁的马克从俄勒冈大学建筑系毕业，选择了跟父母相近的道路。他的父母都是建筑师，长年从事建筑和规划工作，马克从小浸淫在这样的环境下。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“当时觉得他们都像是超级英雄，构想的是从未存在过的东西。可厉害了！”带着“用雕塑一般的建筑来改变世界”的梦想，马克一毕业就投身建筑设计行业。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一头扎进尽显设计师才华和创造力的高楼大厦里，马克却看到这个炫目世界里不一样的一面。“待在里面的人其实就是奴隶。午餐时间他们可以出来透个气，坐在我设计的美妙的后院里，但我不会看到有人跳舞，或者是脱掉衣服。”</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在设计公司待了三年后，他决定出走他乡。他想去寻访那些人与人、人与生活空间之间还有联结的地方。他想知道，美国的建筑和公共空间，和意大利充满活力的广场为什么会那么不一样。他到过希腊、意大利、北非、新西兰、中美洲，住在不同的村庄和小镇里，最后来到墨西哥南部的一座玛雅村庄。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb tn-yzk-fuid-text-94030-1566317480795" style="font-size: 15px;padding: 0px 18px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.77);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.77);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">村庄坐落在热带雨林里，有一个热闹的茶馆。当地村民很穷，只能拿出豆角和鹰嘴豆来分享，但并不妨碍交流的热情。茶馆和周边的街道，是当地人最享受的共同空间。村民的创造力和参与，让这些空间持续焕发活力。拉坎顿玛雅人长者告诉马克，想要创造一个这样的地方，不要先问可不可建，“先建起来再说”。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.77);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">“我在那里学到了学校里没有教的东西：你不能只设计一个空壳。你是在创造一个人际关系的空间。”1995年，马克回到波特兰市东南部的赛尔伍德（Sellwood）社区，但发现已经很难适应原来在城市里那样隔离的生活。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.77);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">“我从未意识到，我曾经一点不在乎住在社区的其他人，根本不想知道他们的名字，住了那么长的时间，却从来没去串过一次门。”</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.77);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">马克萌生了把玛雅村庄的茶馆“搬”到自家后院的想法。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="margin-bottom: -6px;line-height: 1em;padding-left: 2px;padding-right: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">从茶馆到十字路口</strong></p></section><section style="width: 100%;height: 10px;background-color: rgb(170, 205, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb tn-yzk-fuid-text-11037-1571194532511" style="padding: 0px 18px;font-size: 15px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.77);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">马克收集在车库里的那堆门窗派上了用场。他脑海里已经浮现出一座闪闪发光的玻璃房茶馆的样子。在几个朋友的帮助下，马克花65美元建起了“T-Hows”。围着几棵树绕成一圈的门窗，配上捡回来的木头，成了茶馆最初的模样。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">最开始是几个邻居来串门，在枕头上坐下来，喝一杯免费的茶，聊会天。有人一进门就问马克，“我可以带东西过来吗？我奶奶以前做的大黄派特别赞，我可以带这个过来吗？”经由邻居口耳相传，越来越多人知道了马克的茶馆，茶馆一时间门庭若市。每星期组织的百乐餐（Potluck），成了邻居朋友分享美食和故事的重要场合。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市政部门却不乐意了。在茶馆开张6个月后，市政部门勒令马克拆除这个“违章建筑”。尝到了甜头的居民并不买账，索性决定把茶馆搬到大街上，让更多人知道。可移动的“茶马（T-Horse）”应运而生。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 96%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.0564752" data-w="1027" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/DR7iaicYMC86oKJswj3yWYLul6SibHCM2BoLgZu5hBibQxWY6arwTCrCBx6jK1uldy89yMt47nZJNPTEzOzRXib6icDA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: right;font-size: 13px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);padding: 0px 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市修复计划”的十字路口修复方案</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb tn-yzk-fuid-text-61473-1568799803731" style="padding: 0px 18px;font-size: 15px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.77);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">马克和朋友们拆下原先搭起简易茶馆的门窗，重新组装到一辆老丰田皮卡车上，还安上了一对巨大的白色翅膀。这个移动茶馆走街串巷，在波特兰不同社区提供免费茶水、奶茶和坐枕，停到哪里，就为居民提供一个公共交流空间。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">他们的下一个目标，是赛尔伍德社区东南9街和雪瑞特街的交叉路口。居民们认为，每一个村庄和社区，都需要一个心脏，那是人们见面的地方，应该有市集，有孩子玩耍的空间和咖啡馆。马克发起的“城市修复计划（City Repair Project）”，将目光投向了十字路口，准备用鲜艳的颜色在路口作画，作为“夺回”社区公共空间的第一步。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">波特兰市交通局拒绝了居民提出的申请，理由是“街道是公共财产，所以你们不能用它”。言下之意是，不能乱改造。但居民们热情不减，有人出点子，可以申请搞一场户外集体聚会（block party）。在约定好的周末，他们以聚会为名封了路，但不搞烧烤不喝酒，反而个个埋头作画。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 96%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.2941176" data-w="544" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/DR7iaicYMC86oKJswj3yWYLul6SibHCM2BoHfAmAdt5CDK3Nc8AB2dAicmusKTgVRnZvURv16QeL825cvfhtyib3elw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb tn-yzk-fuid-text-31135-1563269907125" style="text-align: right;padding: 0px 18px;font-size: 13px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人们在分享广场上开始新的创作</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb tn-yzk-fuid-text-11362-1566317611801" style="padding: 0px 18px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.77);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;">这个未经许可的公共作品，一开始遭到了市政和交管部门强烈反对，却赢得了民众、市议会议员以至市长的支持。原来只是供车辆通行的十字路口，变成了社区居民的“分享广场（Share-It Square）”。广场里有一个茶栈，24小时提供免费茶水；有稻草和泥土做的土砖长凳，供人闲坐聊天；有孩子的小型游乐场，以及图书交换点和社区公告栏等。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;">马克说，分享广场让人们“开始用不一样的角度来看世界，也成了推动改变的最大原动力”。市议会最终于2000年通过议案，允许类似的十字路口修复项目在社区落地生根。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 96%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6650391" data-w="1024" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/DR7iaicYMC86oKJswj3yWYLul6SibHCM2BoOL4dcdHNmicbiahRYszsqw3KpxibNuHkicxMXqGzGK3ic5RxSUGdWyiaHf1w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb tn-yzk-fuid-text-35963-1571149064962" style="text-align: right;font-size: 13px;font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);padding: 0px 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分享广场上的茶栈</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="display: block;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="margin-bottom: -6px;line-height: 1em;padding-left: 2px;padding-right: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“战术性城市主义”的探索</strong></p></section><section style="width: 100%;height: 10px;background-color: rgb(170, 205, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb tn-yzk-fuid-text-24194-1566317620612" style="padding: 0px 18px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.77);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;">马克和他的志愿者团队，开始在赛尔伍德之外的社区实现他们的理想。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;">每一个城市修复项目都很容易识别，除了色彩鲜艳、突显社区独特风格的十字路口，还有茶栈、太阳能亭子。每个项目都使用许多环保材料，比如土砖、石头、再利用的砖头和回收的木头和钉子等。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;">新项目从一开始就由社区居民参与设计。“城市修复计划”团队接到社区的邀请后，会首先促成居民讨论并达成共识，把社区的公共空间建成大家最想要的样子。有时候，这个过程要花费几个月，直到一个方案能得到两个街区内八成居民的同意。每一个十字路口的具体修复，都由居民集体参与。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 96%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6650391" data-w="1024" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/DR7iaicYMC86oKJswj3yWYLul6SibHCM2BouOeVa1GKtxEyh1h9gQicn3XzMYskHZpTHrfxtlPzGLCV2b6EctB9RUg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb tn-yzk-fuid-text-99120-1563270323778" style="text-align: right;padding: 0px 18px;font-size: 13px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分享广场的儿童游乐场</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb tn-yzk-fuid-text-81424-1566317646567" style="padding: 0px 18px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.77);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;">有学者专门做了研究，十字路口修复项目让居民明显感觉到了变化，除了美化社区，途经车辆也减慢了速度。更重要的是，它鼓励居民参与，帮助建立社区身份认同，让居民觉得社区更宜居。曾经的市议员、后来成为市长的查理·海耶尔（Charlie Hales）说：“这听起来有点异想天开，但当你在一个周六下午走过这样的路口时，你看到了最真实的改变。邻居们在谈天，人们车速减慢，你可以感觉到你真正是在这么一个所在。”</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;">从2002年起，马克和他的团队组织一年一度的“村庄建设融合（Village Building Convergence）”活动，让城市修复项目在波特兰各个角落遍地开花。此外，将艺术和可持续理念结合，举办“自然建筑”工作坊，教大家如何做土砖等更环保的建筑材料，同时举办城市食物农园、生态修复、朴门永续设计等主题的工作坊。他们的目标是让波特兰市96个社区，都打造出属于居民自己的有活力的公共空间。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 96%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6666667" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/DR7iaicYMC86oKJswj3yWYLul6SibHCM2Bob9q5kibdVU1A2F9NDgN9NJR1DysduWEA6olg4oDATZuofebz34Ax18g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb tn-yzk-fuid-text-67256-1563270461639" style="text-align: right;padding: 0px 18px;font-size: 13px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在分享广场跳舞的人们</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb tn-yzk-fuid-text-99601-1566317654789" style="font-size: 15px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.77);padding: 0px 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">除了在波特兰，“城市修复计划”还将摸索出来的经验，推广到华盛顿州奥林匹亚市、俄勒冈州尤金市、北卡罗来纳阿什维尔市、纽约州宾汉姆顿市及宾夕法尼亚州的州学院市等。有研究者指出，“城市修复计划”提供了一套很有价值、经过时间检验的“战术性城市主义（Tactical Urbanism）”模式，被越来越多来自全球不同地区的民众借鉴。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">波特兰州立大学前教授简·西门扎（Jan Semenza）曾深入研究波特兰完成修复的案例。相比周边未修复过的社区，他发现绝大多数居民都非常认同自己参与改造的社区，并且“几乎不会感觉到压抑”。用他的话总结，“正是社区参与带来的力量和乐趣，让我们可以开始疗愈美国城市隔离和无根的通病”。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="display: block;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 96%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.403" data-w="1000" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/DR7iaicYMC86oKJswj3yWYLul6SibHCM2BoQt5SBTYicuTOwzOrwypUZI6pW2HutnJeAiax1kJFL7VkvkiabfG2VwlMg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: right;font-size: 13px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);padding: 0px 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自1996年以来，分享广场上的十字路口已经历了多次再创作</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb tn-yzk-fuid-text-20748-1563271542219" style="text-align: right;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);padding: 0px 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: right;font-size: 13px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);padding: 0px 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">*文中图片均来自网络</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(20px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 0px 12px;color: rgba(62, 62, 62, 0.77);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">参考资料</strong></span></p></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;float: left;margin-top: -14px;background-color: rgb(183, 209, 9);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;float: right;margin-top: -14px;background-color: rgb(183, 209, 9);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="border: 1px solid rgb(183, 209, 9);margin-top: -12px;padding: 10px;border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-top-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;width: 90%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb tn-yzk-fuid-text-55830-1563271507476" style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;color: rgb(125, 122, 122);box-sizing: border-box;">Hemenway, Toby. 2015. The Permaculture City: Regenerative Design for Urban, Suburban, and Town Resilience. Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing. </span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;color: rgb(125, 122, 122);box-sizing: border-box;">Lydon, Mike, and Anthony Garcia. 2015. Tactical Urbanism: Short-term Action for Long-term Change. Washington: Island Press.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="text-align: left;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;color: rgb(125, 122, 122);box-sizing: border-box;">Nelson, Alyse, and Tim Shuck. 2005. “City Repair Project Case Study.” University of Washington Student Projects.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 96%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4768519" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/DR7iaicYMC86oKJswj3yWYLul6SibHCM2Boib6Jpia0m8at9Oiaic7sJz5SFrbDpMN34GQfAb4A82AIqomPv0j17UuRFA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.625" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/DR7iaicYMC86oKJswj3yWYLul6SibHCM2BoVL8O2vicx2Yz6qf6mIjqPSxqwp2Ztafw51INgUE1TCibgDfLsy036XQA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section>
                <br />