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<p><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(122, 68, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">本文授权转自新土地规划人（ID：</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(122, 68, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">newlandplanning</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 16px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(122, 68, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">），欢迎关注！</span></strong></p><section style="line-height: 2;font-size: 15px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: -25px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);font-size: 68px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="text-align: center;font-size: 69px;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">规划词典</strong></span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 6px;height: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="transform: rotate(0.1deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0.1deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0.1deg);-o-transform: rotate(0.1deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;margin-right: -6px;margin-left: -7px;border-bottom: 2px dotted rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: -35px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 70%;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(2, 52, 119);overflow: hidden;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="letter-spacing: 3px;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);font-size: 18px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">空间规划类术语</strong></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“城市”的概念</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section style="min-height: 40px;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: -10px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><table class="table-box" width="100%"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.col1:3.classicTable1:0" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.col1:3.classicTable1:0.td@@0" style="border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);border-radius: 0px;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0px;" width="2.0000%"><br  /></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.col1:3.classicTable1:0.td@@1" style="border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);border-radius: 0px;border-style: none;padding: 0px 5px;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;" width="92.3800%"><section style="min-height: 40px;margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: -10px;margin-left: auto;box-sizing: border-box;"><table class="table-box" width="100%"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr opera-tn-ra-comp="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.col1:3.classicTable1:0.td@@1:0.classicTable1:0" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.col1:3.classicTable1:0.td@@1:0.classicTable1:0.td@@0" style="border-color: rgb(2, 52, 119);border-radius: 0px;padding: 10px 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100.0000%"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;"> <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">《城市规划基本术语标准》</span></strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;">城市的概念是：</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">以非农业产业和非农业人口集聚为主要特征的居民点。在我国，包括按国家行政建制设立的市、镇。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《现代汉语词典》描述“城市”为</strong>：</span>人口集中、工商业发达、居民以非农业人口为主的地区，通常是周围地区的政治、经济、文化中心。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;">《辞源》里城市被解释为</span></strong>：人口密集、工商业发达的地方。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;">英国的《不列颠百科全书》（中文版）解释城市为</span></strong>：一个较永久性和组织完好的人口集中地，比一个城镇或村庄规模大，地位也更重要。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">一般而言，</span>人口较稠密的地区称为城市，它包括了：住宅区、工业区和商业区并且具备行政管辖功能。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市的行政管辖功能，</span>可能涉及的是比其本身更广泛的区域。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">城市中有各种使用功能的、具有一定规模的建筑、交通、绿化及公共设施。</p></section></td></tr></tbody></table></section></section></td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" opera-tn-ra-cell="_$.pages:0.layers:0.comps:0.col1:3.classicTable1:0.td@@2" style="border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);border-radius: 0px;vertical-align: middle;background-color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;padding: 0px;" width="2.0000%"><br  /></td></tr></tbody></table></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: left;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(197, 36, 36);box-sizing: border-box;">▼</span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;">点击下方「<span style="color: rgb(197, 36, 36);box-sizing: border-box;">规划随声听</span>」，一键收听。</strong><strong style="color: rgb(197, 36, 36);letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">   </strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p><audio style="width:100%" src="https://res.wx.qq.com/voice/getvoice?mediaid=MzA5NTQ4NzAxNV8yNjUxMzUzOTI5" controls="controls"></audio></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">0</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 1%;border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(197, 36, 36);letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;"> 城市的行政涵义是什么</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4255556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDibevsnVM0elmcpXfp77B8NwFt53HxXakQxTngZalR4DsdicmmIofRImvbeic6hKNeSicf5icwkQ65zSQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="900" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-shadow: rgb(180, 184, 175) 3.53553px 3.53553px 8px;border-width: 0px;border-style: solid;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;padding-right: 3px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -45px 0% -5px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(218, 171, 0);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 30px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</p></section></section></section><section style="clear: right;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">指的是国家行政建制的直辖市、建制市和建制镇。</strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(12, 13, 13);box-sizing: border-box;">在我国，按照行政等级，城市分为直辖市、省会城市和计划单列市、地级市(一般城区辖若干个行政区)、县级市，县级市包括市和县，有时用市(县)代替。</span></p></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">0</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 1%;border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 各学科对城市的解释</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4255556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDibevsnVM0elmcpXfp77B8N2M2r2XY75kKJTuR8NMLIM1bvXJIdpeOyGhIticlP1WdD3FOIm6BruXw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="900" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-shadow: rgb(180, 184, 175) 3.53553px 3.53553px 8px;border-width: 0px;border-style: solid;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;padding-right: 3px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -45px 0% -5px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(218, 171, 0);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 30px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</p></section></section></section><section style="clear: right;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">经济学的解释</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">观点一：</span></strong>城市是具有相当面积、经济活动和住户集中，以致在私人企业和公共部门产生规模经济的连片地理区域。 </p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">观点二：</span></strong>城市是一个坐落在有限空间地区内的各种经济市场——住<span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;">房、劳</span>动力、土地、运输等等——相互交织在一起的网络系统。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">社会学的解释</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">按照社会学的传统，城市被定义为具有某些特征的、在地理上有界的社会组织形式。</strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>人口相对比较多，密集居住，并有异质性；</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>至少有一些人从事非农业生产，并有一些是专业人员；</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>城市具有市场功能，并且至少有部分制定规章的权力；</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>城市显示了一种相互作用的方式。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>个人并非是作为一个完整的人而为人所知，这就意味着至少一些相互作用是在 并不真正相识的人中间发生的；</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>城市要求有一种超越家庭或家族之上的<strong>“社会联系”</strong>，更多的是合理的法律。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">地理学的解释</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">地理学上的城市，是指地处交通方便环境的、且覆盖有一定面积的人群和房屋的密集结合体。</p></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">0</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 1%;border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(171, 43, 43);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 学术界关于城市起源的三种说法</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4255556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDibevsnVM0elmcpXfp77B8NZdSznMvhuOem1qwhliaHvZWQgh9WOoTIicHVaG38cicrOtAjYt9WOWqJw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="900" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-shadow: rgb(180, 184, 175) 3.53553px 3.53553px 8px;border-width: 0px;border-style: solid;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;padding-right: 3px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -45px 0% -5px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(218, 171, 0);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 30px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</p></section></section></section><section style="clear: right;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">人类最早的城市其实具有“国”的意味，这恐怕是人类城市的形成及演变的大致过程。</strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(2, 52, 119);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;color: rgb(171, 43, 43);text-align: justify;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">学术界关于城市的起源有三种说法：</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;">1）防御说：</span></strong>即建城郭，目的是为了不受外敌侵犯；<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;">2）集市说：</span></strong>认为随着社会生产发展，人们手里有了多余的农产品、畜产品，需要有集市进行交换。进行交换的地方逐渐固定，聚集的人多了，就有了市，后来就建起了城；</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;">3）社会分工说：</span></strong>认为随着社会生产力不断发展，出现了一部分人专门从事手工业、商业，一部分专门从事农业。</p></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(171, 43, 43);letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">从事手工业、商业的人需要有个地方集中起来，进行生产、交换。所以，才有了城市的产生和发展。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">0</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 1%;border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 农耕时代的城市</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4255556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDibevsnVM0elmcpXfp77B8NqHTJNqaP336uTwnvr6eA9BiboFgE9PaIPQIT2ictP0F3rCt2ZtPQB14A/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="900" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-shadow: rgb(180, 184, 175) 3.53553px 3.53553px 8px;border-width: 0px;border-style: solid;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;padding-right: 3px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -45px 0% -5px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(218, 171, 0);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 30px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">4</p></section></section></section><section style="clear: right;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;">城市一词也称之为“四周有围墙的人类定居点”。</span></strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">古代多数的城市，人口只有1000–3000人。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">城市是人类文明的主要组成部分，也是伴随着人类文明与进步发展起来的</span></strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>农耕时代，人类开始定居，城市就出现了。</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>农耕时代的城市，作用是军事防御和举行祭祀仪式，并不具有生产功能。</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>农耕时代的城市，规模很小。</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>农耕时代的每个城市和它控制的农村，构成一个小单位，相对封闭，自给自足。</span></p></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">0</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 1%;border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">5</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(171, 43, 43);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 城市同商业变革的渊源关系</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4255556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDibevsnVM0elmcpXfp77B8N5PegLjfna8kKRia0Qnfic382yziaHbRhu0WL5EOJiavrEVayxW5d7eQ9Kw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="900" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-shadow: rgb(180, 184, 175) 3.53553px 3.53553px 8px;border-width: 0px;border-style: solid;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;padding-right: 3px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -45px 0% -5px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(218, 171, 0);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 30px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">5</p></section></section></section><section style="clear: right;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“城市”的提法本身就包含了两方面的含义：</strong></span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></strong></span></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;color: rgb(12, 13, 13);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">“城”为行政地域的概念，即人口的集聚地；</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;color: rgb(12, 13, 13);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">“市”为商业的概念，即商品交换的场所。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市的出现，同商业的变革有着直接的渊源关系：</strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;color: rgb(12, 13, 13);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">最早的“城市”（实际应为现在的“城镇”），是因为商品交换集聚人群后而形成的。</p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;color: rgb(12, 13, 13);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">最初城市中的工业集聚，也是为了使商品交换变得更为容易（可就地加工、就地销售）而形成的。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;color: rgb(12, 13, 13);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在城市中直接加工销售，相对于将已加工好的商品拿到城市中来交换而言，这就正是一种随着工业城市的出现而产生的一种商业变革。</p></section></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">0</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 1%;border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">6</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(171, 43, 43);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 城市是工商业发展的产物</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4255556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDibevsnVM0elmcpXfp77B8N6OalXqjtJuEZl5iaicjnKkch8lxdAelgibdDHA0CaK1BNYpGicn2ibOp0DQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="900" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-shadow: rgb(180, 184, 175) 3.53553px 3.53553px 8px;border-width: 0px;border-style: solid;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;padding-right: 3px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -45px 0% -5px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(218, 171, 0);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 30px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">6</p></section></section></section><section style="clear: right;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">伴随工商业的发展，城市崛起和城市文明开始传播。</strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">真正意义上的城市，是工商业发展的产物。</strong></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■</span><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">13世纪的地中海岸，米兰、威尼斯、巴黎等，都是重要的商业和贸易中心。</span></span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span><span style="font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box;">威尼斯在繁盛时期，人口超过20万。</span></span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4255556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDibevsnVM0elmcpXfp77B8NbeHYFOaOdm58JXE3MU13ByB0KHeCNVbc7rP6LlEenKXnA89zT9HVCg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="900" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">工业革命之后，城市化进程大大加快了，农民不断涌向新的工业中心，城市获得了前所未有的发展。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">到第一次世界大战前夕，英国、美国、德国与法国等西方国家，绝大多数人口，都已生活在城市里。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">这不仅是富足的标志，而且是文明的象征。</span></strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">城市规模、城市功能、城市布局和城市交通，这几方面所发生的变化，都必然会对城市的商业活动带来影响，促使其发生相应的变革。</p></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">0</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 1%;border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">7</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 城市经济学对城市能级的划分</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4255556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDibevsnVM0elmcpXfp77B8N37hnYVOIrtibN1MA1CWnMvNYRRzWqnSsMbbAhZSMl1205VMXVayUIKQ/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="900" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-shadow: rgb(180, 184, 175) 3.53553px 3.53553px 8px;border-width: 0px;border-style: solid;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;padding-right: 3px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -45px 0% -5px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(218, 171, 0);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 30px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">7</p></section></section></section><section style="clear: right;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市经济学对城市的能级，作出了不同分类：</strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">把城市分为：小城市、中等城市、大城市、国际化城市、世界城市等。</span></strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">国际化城市</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">是指那些能在国际上许多地区配置资源的城市，通常城区人口在500万以上、城市及腹地GDP总值达3000亿美元以上的城市，能发展为国际化城市。目前，芝加哥、大阪、柏林、首尔等已建成国际化城市。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">世界城市</strong></p></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">是指可以在全世界(或全球)配置资源的城市，也称"全球化城市"。通常，城区人口1000万以上、城市及腹地GDP总值达世界3%以上的城市，能发展为世界城市。目前，纽约、东京、伦敦已经建成为世界城市。</p></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">今天，我们基本上都是用<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">人口规模</span></strong>，来定义一个城市的规模和等级。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">人口规模比较大的中心是“市”、比较小的是“镇”、最小的是“村”。按照城区非农业人口，城市可分为以下几个等级：</strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="letter-spacing: 1.2px;color: rgb(12, 13, 13);text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: justify;clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">■ </strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;">小城市：</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">常住人口少于50万；</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"> Ⅰ型小城市：</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;">常住人口20万以上50万以下；</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"> Ⅱ型小城市：</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;">常住人口20万以下；</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">■ </strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;">中等城市：</span></strong>50-100万人口；</p><p style="text-align: justify;clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■</span> <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;">大城市：</span></strong>100-500万人口；</p><p style="text-align: justify;clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">  <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;">Ⅰ型大城市：</span></strong>常住人口300万以上500万以下；</p><p style="text-align: justify;clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"> <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"> Ⅱ型大城市：</span></strong>常住人口100万以上300万以下；</p><p style="text-align: justify;clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■</span> <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;">特大型城市：</span></strong>500-1000万人口；</p><p style="text-align: justify;clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;">超大城市：</span></strong>人口在1000万以上。</p></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">0</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 1%;border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">8</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 我国对一、二、三线城市的划分</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4255556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDibevsnVM0elmcpXfp77B8Nj9LRFtAxpZI1BT1rp3f0YRBV7l88ojfZjzsUPibyzfA8ypgXnoib8mJw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="900" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-shadow: rgb(180, 184, 175) 3.5px 3.5px 8px;border-width: 0px;border-style: solid;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;padding-right: 3px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -45px 0% -5px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(218, 171, 0);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 30px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">08</p></section></section></section><section style="clear: right;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一线城市是指对国家的经济和政治具有重要作用的大都市。</strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在城市规模、建设、财政收入、消费、对人才吸引力等各层面，一线城市一般均领先于其他城市。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">我国普遍公认的一线城市是：北京、上海、广州、深圳。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">这四个城市在GDP总量上位居前列，对就业者吸引力也是最大的。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">常被提及一线、二线、三线城市概念，常规或主要的指标包括：经济地位、城市规模(人口，面积等)、城市级别、影响力、辐射力、知名度等。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">划分的依据大致为 ：</span></strong></p></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>人口和经济总量；</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>人均收入和GDP；</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>城市建设水平及主城区规模；</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>区域辐射力和政治地位；</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.5;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>城市环境；</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>科教水平和发展潜力；</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>城市内外交通；</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>重要产业链和周边配套。</p></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">0</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 1%;border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">9</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(171, 43, 43);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 按综合经济实力城市分哪几个类别</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4255556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDibevsnVM0elmcpXfp77B8NdlMwqE8MaRlNh8eicUspkiaK55ZTufOuool6U5qhMc0nEABtVRspxuVw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="900" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-shadow: rgb(180, 184, 175) 3.5px 3.5px 8px;border-width: 0px;border-style: solid;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;padding-right: 3px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -45px 0% -5px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(218, 171, 0);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 30px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">09</p></section></section></section><section style="clear: right;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px inset;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">按城市综合经济实力和世界城市发展历史看，城市分为：</strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">集市型、功能型、综合性、城市群等类别，这些类别也是城市发展的各个阶段。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">任何城市都必须经过集市型阶段：</strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">集市型城市</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">集市型城市属于周边农民或手工业者商品交换的集聚地，商业主要由交易市场、商店和旅馆、饭店等配套服务设施所构成。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">处于集市型阶段的城市在中国主要有集镇。</strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">功能型城市</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">功能型城市通过自然资源的开发和优势产业的集中，发展城市特有的工业产业，从而使城市具有特定的功能。</span></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>功能型城市不仅是商品的交换地，同时也是商品的生产地。</strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">这类城市因产业分工而形成的功能比较单调，对其他地区和城市经济交流的依赖增强，商业都会由封闭型的城内交易为主，转为开放性的城际交易为主。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">这类型的城市主要有工业重镇、旅游城市等。</strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">综合型城市</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;">综合型城市地理位置优越和产业优势明显，经济功能趋于综合，金融、贸易、服务、文化、娱乐等功能，都能得到发展，城市的集聚力也比较强，这使得城市的经济能级大大提高，成为区域性、全国性、甚至国际性的经济中心和贸易中心（也称“大都市”）。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">城市的商业由单纯的商品交易向综合服务发展，商业活动扩展延伸为促进商品流通和满足交易需求的一切活动。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">这类城市在我国比较典型的有：直辖市、省会城市。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 12px;height: 12px;padding: 2px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);transform: rotate(45deg);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;height: 100%;background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 92%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;color: rgb(2, 52, 119);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市群（或都市圈）</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市群是指，城市的经济功能不再以一个孤立的城市体现，而是由一个中心城市为核心，同时由与这个城市保持着密切经济联系的一系列中小城市，共同组成的城市群来体现。</strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">如日本的东京、大阪、名古屋三大城市圈，英国的伦敦-利物浦城市带等。</p></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 1%;border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">0</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(197, 36, 36);letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 城市的实质是什么</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4255556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDibevsnVM0elmcpXfp77B8Nic0Naeep74uaUoqEwu65sia9BCS4GbJpNBuAtxMG2AX5CDAbR1dr5ibrA/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="900" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-shadow: rgb(180, 184, 175) 3.5px 3.5px 8px;border-width: 0px;border-style: solid;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;padding-right: 3px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -45px 0% -5px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(218, 171, 0);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 30px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">10</p></section></section></section><section style="clear: right;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong>城市的实质，不是人口规模，而是来自其围墙的力量。</strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">围墙是什么？</span></strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;">1）“城市”意味着安全和稳定。</span></strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">城市的重要性在于它们可以抵御外来入侵。城市的安全，让城里的生活远比城外稳定得多，进而导致人类社会发展出一个特定的类型。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;">2）由于安全和稳定，“城市”意味着高密度和多样性。</span></strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在一个城市里，人们居住在紧密排列的房屋和街道中，密度自然导致城市的多样性。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在城市，人们轻松步行抵达的距离内，有生活、工作、商业和享受艺术，有可以寻求社会正义的场所。 </p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;">3）城市之所以是城市，还在于其临近性。</span></strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">城市把人，也把定居点、工作场所、和文化机构，聚集起来。与其他任何地点相比，城市创造更多的街道空间、生活和市场，产生更多个人与个人的互动与交易。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">梁鹤年教授也曾说</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">“在城市里，人要追求安全、方便、舒适、美观，这是人的“物性”。</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 1%;border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(171, 43, 43);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 城市社会活动需要哪几个元素</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4255556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDibevsnVM0elmcpXfp77B8NVySZm55PyQ8ichVsgwiaHyEAtaSiavCWPYMGPr8icdnto8c0zBWPzZGAIg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="900" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-shadow: rgb(180, 184, 175) 3.5px 3.5px 8px;border-width: 0px;border-style: solid;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;padding-right: 3px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -45px 0% -5px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(218, 171, 0);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 30px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">11</p></section></section></section><section style="clear: right;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;">城市里的社会活动需要这几个元素：</span></strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">1）经济秩序，人可以从事自己的职业和进行商业交易。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">2）文化秩序，追求学业、艺术、和戏剧等。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">3）政治法律秩序，进行法律裁决和政府官员举行会议。</p></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 1%;border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(171, 43, 43);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 城市的个性是什么</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4255556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDibevsnVM0elmcpXfp77B8NausPIWlGpPbF0cticJ6jyPK6hCh5bu2UibkQnEicX2ephFDX6vBA78zSg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="900" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-shadow: rgb(180, 184, 175) 3.5px 3.5px 8px;border-width: 0px;border-style: solid;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;padding-right: 3px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -45px 0% -5px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(218, 171, 0);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 30px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">12</p></section></section></section><section style="clear: right;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">城市个性，可以定义为：</strong></span>城市依赖自有的地理位置、自然景观、物质资源等物质属性，以及历史文化、传统习惯等精神属性，形成独特的个性体系，使城市具有特定标志。</p></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 1%;border-style: none;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 8%;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 5px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(0, 68, 151);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="color: rgb(0, 68, 151);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3</strong></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="font-size: 16px;color: rgb(171, 43, 43);text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 城市为什么需要良好的规划</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4255556" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/KoH4xpDrnibDibevsnVM0elmcpXfp77B8N9icRrVmSsn3B2J6EDo4h6FZ5CRejye5pibxicNvG7Te4YLGILJKeH1jGg/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="900" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);box-shadow: rgb(180, 184, 175) 3.5px 3.5px 8px;border-width: 0px;border-style: solid;border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="float: left;padding-right: 3px;line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -45px 0% -5px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 1px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="border-width: 6px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color: rgb(218, 171, 0);display: inline-block;text-align: center;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.2;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 30px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">13</p></section></section></section><section style="clear: right;padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 4.5em !important;"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">今天，城市不仅仅是经济增长的重要中心，也是人口增长和资源消费的中心。城市一直是推动持续发展和生活质量提高的主角。</span></strong></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">城市的复杂的系统特性，决定了城市需要规划。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划则是随着城市发展与运行状况，长期调整、不断修订，持续改进和完善的复杂的连续决策过程。</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(2, 52, 119);box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划：</span></strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: justify;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 1.8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■</span> 是这个城市一定时期内发展的预想蓝图；<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>是对城市经济结构、空间结构、社会结构发展进行规划；</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■</span> 是综合安排城市各项工程建设的综合部署；</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>是城市综合管理的前期工作；</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>是城市建设和管理的依据；</p><p style="clear: none;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(171, 43, 43);box-sizing: border-box;">■ </span>是城市规划、城市建设、城市运行三个阶段管理的前提。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(92, 89, 88);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">参考资料来源：</strong>综合自网络</p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section class="horizontal-tb" style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 2px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">图 | 摄图网 文 | 小林</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">如有侵权请联系删除</p></section></section><p><br  /></p><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;width: 502.358px;vertical-align: top;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(197, 226, 224);border-radius: 5px;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/TbfTDrSBmDOIic7apQoPHAh15cLWCHzSyu0QL7m4BJKqtoYkYic7JJ3rCYUtmmJ6XNj0IiaurTa12eDibKNFIGoRicg/640?wx_fmt=png");background-attachment: scroll;background-size: 107.589%;background-position: 233.929% 1.8202%;background-repeat: repeat;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(110, 110, 110);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 23.2727px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">来源：新土地规划人</span></span></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 23.2727px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;height: 1px;background-color: rgb(32, 84, 156);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;line-height: 23.2727px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">审读：杨一虹</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 12px;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(128, 128, 128);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: start;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">声明：本文来源：</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">授权转自</span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);line-height: 25.6px;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">新土地规划人</span></strong></span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-size: 14px;line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（ID<strong style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：</span></strong>newlandplanning</span><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">）</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，版权归原作者所有，如需转载</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 25.6px;color: rgb(122, 68, 66);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);line-height: 25.6px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">请联系原公众号</span></strong></span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">。</span></span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">《规划师》杂志社微信公众订阅号（ID：）为非盈利新媒体平台，所有转发的非原创图文来源于互联网及新媒体渠道，如果所转发图文作者或其他版权所有人认为违反了您的权益，请告知我们，我们会在24小时内删除。</span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 111.634px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;overflow: hidden !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.9409091" data-type="png" data-w="220" width="auto" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mjDohRkp8mJnD6GiaTyrnyBchb4PTExj078Vcib82mXicHItcAiaN6XwuBD5C5cR3GA3B7fMnKCRqBADw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(238, 237, 235);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(238, 237, 235);background-size: 22px;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 112px !important;"  /></strong></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);letter-spacing: 0.544px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 446.534px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 1em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-right: 10px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-top: 6px solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 6px solid transparent !important;"></section><section class="" style="padding: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;border-radius: 8px;background-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">《规划师》杂志近期文章推荐</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（点击蓝字可打开链接</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.45em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-left: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);text-indent: 0em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛1】国家中心城市建设绩效评估与天津空间发展战略响应研究<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);text-indent: 0em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛2】西部国家中心城市的功能体系及西安建设对策研究<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);text-indent: 0em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛3】武汉建设国家中心城市的目标愿景及核心策略<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);text-indent: 0em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛4】东北振兴战略下沈阳建设国家中心城市策略研究</p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="margin-left: -0.45em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 0px;border-top: 1em solid rgb(156, 94, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;border-left: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;"></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: center;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(84, 84, 84);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 9px;height: 9px;float: left;border-top: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;width: 9px;height: 9px;float: right;border-top: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 2px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section><section style="margin-top: -5px;margin-bottom: -5px;padding-right: 4px;padding-left: 4px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="padding: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;overflow: hidden !important;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.75" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" width="auto" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0miamsmdkCRSekMMOyPpdibRtnHJ6nReg68o2REQYkpx4HjnlpkicyomwR5h8e8wQlJuYaCocsfmIiaflw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="box-sizing: border-box;background-color: rgb(238, 237, 235);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(238, 237, 235);background-size: 22px;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;vertical-align: middle;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 287px !important;"  /></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: none;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="margin-bottom: 4px;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: none;min-height: 1em;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">《规划师》杂志社                                               </p></section><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 290px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></section></section></section></section><section class="" powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: none;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 17px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: none;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 17px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">邮编：530029</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: none;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 17px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: none;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 17px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: none;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 17px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">电话：0771-2438012</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;clear: none;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 17px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(132, 81, 21);overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">传真：0771-2436269</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section>
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