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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgEIrWHalsjTBNUF4jJs31nibncRrmtiaHficuEyznHXJCBtSxv9B3sTicbsTljoiakY9YcKz3ibbjDcHAw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgEIrWHalsjTBNUF4jJs31nibncRrmtiaHficuEyznHXJCBtSxv9B3sTicbsTljoiakY9YcKz3ibbjDcHAw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(254, 193, 192);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="padding: 5px 4px;clear: both;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者教授级高级规划师、浙江舟山群岛新区管委会总规划师周建军，教授级高级工程师、上海复旦规划建筑设计研究院副院长敬东，上海复旦规划建筑设计研究院王梦珂、郑燕、周凌霄在《规划师》2019年第13期撰文，<span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着中国特色社会主义进入新时代，我国社会经济也开启了高质量发展的新阶段，区域一体化的高质量发展成为重</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中之重。随着中美贸易战和国际贸易局势的日趋严峻，我国经济增长的不确定性增加，以出口为导向的长三角传统发展模式</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">亟待转型升级和创新发展。文章在对国际上知名湾区发展演进规律和经验进行总结的基础上，提出构建以上海为核心的包含</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">长江口湾区和杭州湾湾区两个湾区，并由江浙沪“1+10”城市组成的长三角大湾区，优化形成“一核、两湾、三圈层”长三</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">角一体化发展新格局，谋划以长三角大湾区建设推进长三角高质量一体化发展的初步思路。</span></p></section><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(42, 118, 162);float: right;margin-top: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词 ] 新时代；长三角大湾区；湾区经济；长三角一体化；高质量发展</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2019)13-0070-06　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]]TU984.183　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]B </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ]周建军，敬东，王梦珂，等．湾区经济引领长三角高质量一体化发展的路径探讨[J]．规划师，2019(13)：70-75，81．</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/AeV35w4v670YWmlZeQ4kB8kdUFBoXibn8W2s73feibejyYv2bCPgBaibdL9zz18VAbCXwCq3MRaIGhcIrlqicDFuQQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">新时代高质量发展背景与国家战略新要求</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国社会经济发展步入全新发展时代。一方面，我<span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国社会发展的主要矛盾已经转化为人民日益增长的美好</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾，经济发展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">也由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段；另一方面，国</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">际贸易格局因为中美贸易战存在较大的不确定性，这对</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国以出口为导向的经济模式提出了挑战。这就要求我</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国在继续推动发展的基础上，深入贯彻五大发展理念，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">着力解决好发展的不平衡与不充分问题，大力提升发展</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">质量和效益。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在新时代背景下，区域一体化转型发展成为国家</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社会经济发展的核心抓手。“一带一路”建设、京津冀</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">协同发展、长江经济带发展、粤港澳大湾区建设及长三</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">角区域一体化等国家战略先后批复，并确立了以京津冀</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市群、长三角城市群和珠三角城市群为龙头的国家城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市群体系。随着雄安新区和粤港澳大湾区的批复与建设，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">京津冀和大珠三角地区分别形成了以雄安新区与粤港澳</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大湾区为核心抓手的新的战略格局。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作为我国经济增长的排头兵和先行者，长三角城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市群尚未明确新的战略发展机遇和一体化深入推进的突</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">破口。随着粤港澳大湾区上升为国家战略，湾区经济已经成为我国滨海区域经济发展的焦点，但我国仅有一个大湾区是不够的，我国具备发展湾区经济条件的地区还有长三角地区和环渤海地区等，其中长三角地区具有发展湾区经济和建设世界级大湾区的特殊优越条件。湾区建设出现在了十九大报告中，并连续两年出现在国务院政府工作报告中，湾区建设已成为国家战略导向和开放的新高地。未来，长三角大湾区的建设与发展将成为新时代推动长三角一体化高质量发展的核心抓手及中国对外大开放和高质量一体化发展的转型示范。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/AeV35w4v670YWmlZeQ4kB8kdUFBoXibn8W2s73feibejyYv2bCPgBaibdL9zz18VAbCXwCq3MRaIGhcIrlqicDFuQQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">世界级大湾区发展演进特征与经验启示</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）世界级大湾区发展演进特征</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">湾区经济因港而生，依湾而兴，湾区经济是区域经济的高级发展形态，一般经历湾区萌芽、快速发展和创新引领3个阶段。国际三大知名湾区——纽约湾区、旧金山湾区和东京湾区，已成为带动世界经济发展的重要增长极、核心动力源和引领技术变革的领头羊，整体呈现以下两方面特征。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)在区位、空间和开放上，三大湾区有以下三大共同特点：一是综合枢纽。依托大湾区的大城市、大港口，形成立体、多式的大物流和资源配置中心，是联接世界的综合枢纽。二是组合港群。三大湾区都是由海陆空铁网构成的立体综合的现代化综合功能大港区，是高效集成的智能化大港群。三是开放高地。三大湾区均是世界最开放的地区，吸引全世界高端移民、精英人才，是引领世界创新技术革命的动力引擎和策源地，是吸引全世界优秀人才创业的最佳宜居地。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)三大湾区在产业、环境和文化上有六大特性：①有呈延绵发展的都市群；②是世界级国家科技创新极核；③有高技术专业化新型产业集群；④是世界级国家移民中心和文化大熔炉；⑤是世界级区域国际金融中心；⑥有特别优越的吸引人才移居的生态和生活环境(图1)。</p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5953704" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhX5nz5MpfwYxm77csiaEeSZ5jStqZdVlbhvWlOfMeotxfX256fJVtOTwzseY8FOYNPrZQqreOYpicQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）经验启示</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通过对国际三大湾区的研究分析，可以总结出以下发展经验。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1)功能：各港口、港口城市之间具有明确的职能分工体系。湾区多三面环绕陆地、腹地较广、海岸线较长、非常适合港口的建设，并且能够在相对狭小的海岸空间内培育形成多个港口城市。例如，日本东京湾区依托良好的海岸线优势，形成了包括横滨港、千叶港、东京港、木更津港、川崎港和横须贺港6个港口组成的港口群，并依托各港口特色，形成了相对鲜明的职能分工体系，如千叶港以原料输入为主导功能，横滨港和东京港则分别负责对外贸易与对内贸易，而川崎港主要负责为企业输送原材料和成品。在港口群内部，资金、人才与信息等生产要素自由流动，并最终造就了东京湾区的国际竞争力。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2)产业：以商务服务为主的第三产业发达，科技创新水平高。一方面，三大湾区第三产业增加值比重均在80％以上。2012年纽约湾区、东京湾区和旧金山湾区的三次产业增加值比例分别为0∶10.65∶89.35、0.27∶17.46∶82.27和0.28∶16.95∶82.76。另一方面，以金融保险业等为代表的商务服务业发达。例如，纽约湾区聚集有纽约证券交易所和纳斯达克证券交易所等，其金融服务业增加值占湾区地区生产总值的比重高达15％，东京湾区拥有日本最大的东京证券交易所，其证券交易量占全国比重高达80％，而旧金山湾区的科技金融业也尤为发达。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3)交通：城市之间多式交通系统发达，联系高效便捷。世界知名湾区中的各城市间均构建有高度发达的现代化多式交通体系，城市间具有高效便捷的联系，进一步强化了湾区的集聚和扩散效应，极大地促进了沿线各港口城市的产业兴盛和经济繁荣。例如，旧金山湾<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区为有效解决区内城市的运输需求，共</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设置了43座车站，并铺设了分别连接旧</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">金山国际机场和奥克兰国际机场的机场</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">客运快速交通线，湾区快速交通系统线</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">路长度达104英里(折合167km)。而</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">东京湾区的城市轨道交通系统高度发达，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">包括设置有14条线路的城市地下轨道交</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通，以及京滨东北线、中央线等过境铁</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">路和其他轨道交通。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(4) 政策机制：跨区域的顶层设计和<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">协同发展。为适应协同发展的需要，湾</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区内政府会通过制定出台相关政策法规，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以推动湾区各城市的协同发展。例如，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在东京湾区日本政府颁布出台了《首都</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">圈整备法》、成立了“东京湾港湾联合</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">推进协议会” 。又如在纽约湾区，纽约</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">州和新泽西州联合成立了纽约州港务局</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(PANYNJ)，以统筹管理纽约湾区的所有</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">商业发展和运输设施规划建设，港务局</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">内部由两名州长各任命6名委员组成，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">负责监督纽约与新泽西之间各项跨州交</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通设施的经营。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/AeV35w4v670YWmlZeQ4kB8kdUFBoXibn8W2s73feibejyYv2bCPgBaibdL9zz18VAbCXwCq3MRaIGhcIrlqicDFuQQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">长三角大湾区的范围界定及存在</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">问题解析</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）范围界定</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前，关于长三角区域湾区的命名<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和范围尚未形成共识，在许多相关研究</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">或专家学者的著作中发现有诸如杭州湾</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大湾区、东海大湾区和沪宁杭大湾区等</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">提法，但可以明确的是此大湾区必定是</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以上海为龙头，联合北翼江苏的长江口</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">湾区与南翼浙江的杭州湾湾区，通过沪</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">杭甬发展轴、沪宁发展轴和规划建设中</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的沪舟甬发展轴等形成的经济带而建立</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">世界级大湾区。基于此，本文称之为“长</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">三角大湾区”，并认为长三角大湾区的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">核心范围应包含长江口湾区城市和杭州</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">湾湾区城市，与《上海市城市总体规划</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2017—2035)》中对同城化都市圈的界定</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">相吻合，包括上海和江浙两省的苏州、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">杭州市区部分、宁波、无锡、常州、南通、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">嘉兴、湖州、绍兴、舟山，涉及行政辖</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区面积为69494km2，常住人口为8245</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">万(图2)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.3051471" data-w="544" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhX5nz5MpfwYxm77csiaEeSZzkwZLxCmIvxaMk46jFy07FiaMbQqL20M4ZujfBnzBVFNPXiaqqrH3g5Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）存在问题解析</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 区域差异显著，发展不平衡不充<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分。不平衡主要体现在大湾区内部，即长</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">江口湾区“南重北轻”——南部的上海、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">苏州、无锡在GDP、人均GDP 和独角兽</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">企业数量等方面都高于北部的南通。而杭</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">州湾湾区则是“端点重、中间轻”——</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">湾区内的上海、杭州和宁波各项经济指标</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">都远高于在中间分布的嘉兴、湖州、绍兴</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">及舟山。不充分体现在大湾区的整体比较，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">长三角大湾区整体的发展成效与世界三大</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">湾区还有相当大的差距( 图3)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3666667" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhX5nz5MpfwYxm77csiaEeSZ3QPfOwRlhPQYA1j57DlU5kyq0nkBT4jiaIZNbQdV5biamIHtl9PBtY7Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 行政壁垒犹存，协调机制缺乏。<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行政分割是长三角一体化发展的主要障</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">碍，在现行地方政府绩效考核制度下，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区域一体化与地方利益矛盾时有发生，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">各地方政府在经济发展过程中也存在一</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定的行政区利益保护，导致各城市产业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同构现象严重，区域内部同质化竞争激</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">烈，长三角“市场一体化指数”很低。</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;">例如，长三角25个地级市中有16个城</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市提出要建“金融中心”；在食品饮料、</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">纺织、印刷、塑料和办工机械设备等领域，</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">江浙沪三地产业同构率在80％以上。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 产业结构有待优化，服务能级急<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">需提升。据研究，世界级三大湾区以金融、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">法律、会计和咨询等商务服务为主的现</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">代服务业十分发达，2012 年第三产业比</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">重就达到80％以上，尤其是纽约湾区更</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是接近90％(图4)。相比较而言，国内</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">湾区的服务业发展相对滞后，第三产业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">比重与国际三大湾区存在较大差距，特</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">别是长三角大湾区2016 年的第三产业比</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">重仅为56.31％，在国内三大湾区中也处</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">于末位。从国内三大湾区内部核心城市</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">看，上海的第三产业比重为69.8％，也</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">远低于北京(80.3％)、香港(92.8％) 和</span><span style="text-indent: 2em;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">澳门(95.5％)( 图5)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.0649123" data-w="570" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhX5nz5MpfwYxm77csiaEeSZFPf4OMGomafp5aIJR1TOKhvYuThrR8vHq8nR9jzzicIaN0fQaEqQMtA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4453704" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhX5nz5MpfwYxm77csiaEeSZwVxsia8F5n2IwvRwtmXvwPAY5Aica1mvWmPHjLhI5Wn6z9VEPZt9RSmw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(4) 创新体系不够完善，创新龙头企<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业缺乏。东京湾区、旧金山湾区和纽约湾</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区是世界科技创新要素集聚区，全球核心</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">型创新城市高度集中于此，如纽约(2)、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">东京(3)、旧金山—圣何塞(4)、洛杉矶(6)</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等。比较而言，长三角大湾区内部只有</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">上海进入第一层级核心型创新城市行列，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">排名第32 名，且第二层级缺失。此外，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在2016年Clarivate Analytics(CA)机构发</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">布的全球最具创新企业的百强榜单中，美</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国与日本分别上榜39家与34家企业，而</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中国大陆仅华为公司上榜，长三角地区创</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新龙头企业亟待培育(图6)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5825427" data-w="1054" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhX5nz5MpfwYxm77csiaEeSZRsjOGETebhuks58FDfEb02WBeHIcRRRxVhica5blFG4kPCjRQIMF8Zw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(5) 基础设施互通不足，综合交通网<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">络体系尚未形成。首先，长三角地区的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">高速铁路网覆盖率仍偏低，且区域分布</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">较不平衡。上海联系南京和杭州两个方</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">向的交通干线较多，但苏州北部地区、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">浙江南部地区及三省交界地区的快速交</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通通道较少，交通联系较为不便。其次，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">长三角地区的综合交通基础设施缺乏统</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">筹规划，在很大程度上影响了区域交通</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">系统的运行效率。例如，长三角地区的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">航空、海港及江河资源虽然较为丰富，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">但彼此间缺乏分工协作，同质化竞争严</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">重。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(6) 生态环境问题突出，联防共治面<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">临巨大挑战。在长三角生态保护合作中，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态环境协同保护治理机制缺乏包容性，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主要表现在资源要素短缺、地区间环境</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">纠纷较多，缺乏有效的协调机制等。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">特别是环太湖、淀山湖、沿长江、黄浦</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">江等共有水域的跨界污染问题仍未得到</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">有效根治，如太湖大面积水藻爆发、跨</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">行政区倾倒垃圾及黄浦江数千头死猪漂</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">浮等事件，都给长三角区域生态环境带</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来严重的负面影响。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/AeV35w4v670YWmlZeQ4kB8kdUFBoXibn8W2s73feibejyYv2bCPgBaibdL9zz18VAbCXwCq3MRaIGhcIrlqicDFuQQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">谋划建设长三角大湾区，推进</strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">长三角高质量一体化发展</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）制定规划，明确定位</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">京津冀、长三角和珠三角这三大城<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市群是我国推动区域协同发展的重要战</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">略载体，在中国特色社会主义发展新时</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">代，北部京津冀城市群有通州副中心和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">雄安新区等新的国家战略及发展抓手，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">南部珠三角城市群有粤港澳大湾区这一</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新的国家战略。长三角地区位于中国沿</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">海中部，是“一带一路”倡议、“长江</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">经济带”等国家战略的黄金交汇点和融</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合叠加区，是通达南北、连接东西的国</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">家大枢纽，有比京津冀和珠三角地区更</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为关键的战略位置，但目前尚未有新的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">战略定位和支撑。基于以上研究，建议</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">积极推动长三角大湾区进入国家战略，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制定规划，明确定位(图7)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.9903069" data-w="619" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhX5nz5MpfwYxm77csiaEeSZlP2lKHzC1FuGNFiaF6emiaVGcHHYXYP7sITQu2Uk0WMO7x8rtQ19M0zw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）践行新理念，聚焦新抓手</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新时代长三角大湾区的高质量发展<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要求必须把发展速度、质量和效益有机</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">统一，实现可持续和包容性的发展，补</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">齐短板，在攻坚克难中增强社会经济发</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展的协同性和平衡性。党的十八届五中</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">全会提出的创新、协同、绿色、开放、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">共享五大发展理念，是习近平总书记治</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">国理政新思想在发展理念上的集中概括，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这为长三角大湾区解决发展不平衡不充</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分的难题指明了方向。本文从五大发展</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理念出发，对新时代长三角大湾区推进</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">长三角一体化高质量发展思路进行探索。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">创新引领：促进产业能级提升和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">结构优化，加强区域协同</span></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着知识经济时代的到来，科技创<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新的重要性及地位日益凸显，科技创新</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">协作也日益成为世界级城市群高质量一</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体化发展的重要抓手。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">长三角地区内部各城市要迈向经济<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一体化和协同创新一体化并进的新时代，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要加强创新驱动发展，以科技创新促进</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地区产业能级的提升和产业结构的优化。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一方面，以技术创新、产品创新、模式</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">创新等促进长三角地区的石化、机械、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">纺织和汽车等传统产业转型升级，同时</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">重点发展新一代信息技术、生物医药、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">高端装备和新能源汽车等战略性新兴产</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">业；另一方面，着力提升上海、南京、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">杭州和合肥等核心城市的服务能力及科</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">技创新能力，重点培育南京、苏州、杭州、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合肥四大枢纽型创新城市。另外，加强</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">制度创新，建立完善的区域创新合作体</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">系，发挥区内各地优势，加强区内产业</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">调整和转移，实现分工协作，功能互补，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">构建高质量的现代产业体系。</span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">协调发展：建立“Σ”型长三角</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大湾区，优化区域空间布局</span></p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(1) 以上海为中心，建立“Σ”型的<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“一核、两湾、三都市圈”的长三角大</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">湾区。其中，“一核”即以上海及近沪</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地区为核心，发挥上海的龙头带动作用，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">辐射周边，促进区域协调发展；“两湾”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">即由北部江苏地区和上海北部组成的长</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">江口湾区、南部浙江地区，以及由上海</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">南部组成的杭州湾湾区；“三个都市圈”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">分别为苏锡常都市圈、杭州都市圈、宁</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">波都市圈( 图8)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1940299" data-w="536" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhX5nz5MpfwYxm77csiaEeSZpg4IDnS1DTibInfJBiaFLiau4nubMibFWib4G1fgZMaSk1Q1iaQUIEIFibVcw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(2) 以长三角大湾区为核心，促进长<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">三角地区形成“一核、五轴、三圈层”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的空间结构。“一核”，即以上海为核心，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与江浙皖三省地区联动协同发展；“五轴”，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">即沿海发展轴、沿江发展轴、沪宁合发</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展轴、沪杭金发展轴和沪湖合发展轴；“三</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">圈层”，即以长三角大湾区的11个市组</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成的核心圈层、除去长三角大湾区的长</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">三角城市群其余部分16个城市组成的联</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动圈层及江浙沪皖三省一市除去核心圈</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">层和联动圈层的剩余部分16个城市组成</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的辐射圈层。其中，核心圈层即是长三</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">角大湾区的范围，是区域资源要素集聚</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和社会经济增长的核心(表1，图9)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5157407" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhX5nz5MpfwYxm77csiaEeSZd1owWWuUqd5xTcNQVLE79p13g576EX4ONg8tDiaG9Pib0RPia20qd9g6A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1663586" data-w="541" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhX5nz5MpfwYxm77csiaEeSZSnK2pHMrlhlHV7aibhefdC3iauFuiaIVMUtBDFZ81Gibl3icCp2OtdNiclibQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">(3) 促进长三角交通联系形态由“Z”<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">到“反K”再到“网络体系”，打造区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">域高速互联通道。由于受到长江和杭州</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">湾的天然阻隔，长三角地区最初的交通</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通道是由连接上海、南京、杭州、合肥</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等核心城市的沪宁、沪杭、杭甬通道组</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成的“Z”字形交通体系，随着苏通长江</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">大桥和杭州湾跨海大桥的开通，通过沪</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">甬线与沪宁线、沪杭线共同构成一个“反</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">K”字形的交通格局。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着长三角一体化的深入发展，江<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">浙沪皖各城市之间的产业协作和经济往</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来将更加紧密，频繁的商务交流、交通</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通勤等对区域交通条件的要求不断提高，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">长三角大湾区的发展也需要加强网络化</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">交通体系的支撑。未来应重点加快上海</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">到北部盐城和连云港到南部台州等地区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的高铁通道及沪舟跨海通道建设，同时</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">推进合宁杭、通苏嘉甬、沿海和沿江通</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">道建设，形成长江口湾区、杭州湾湾区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和太湖周边地区3 个“O”型高铁闭环，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以及长三角由3 条环线组成的高铁环线网络，以推动长三角大湾区迈入网络化交通时代(图10～图13)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8288136" data-w="590" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhX5nz5MpfwYxm77csiaEeSZmOzThfuuneNhrMPEJsCGmoQeAS3icu8FsFksxUkSPXhQ1LuymQEOribw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.9323017" data-w="517" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhX5nz5MpfwYxm77csiaEeSZctsX2bAxv5EVSl49fc95zDvTxhp4wrBtbGuPOz0lra6hszichQ3D9yw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8468158" data-w="581" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhX5nz5MpfwYxm77csiaEeSZcuw3XrTsZlmaq7lH6GEVHaW0iaBdmlicsHrAucCQD6wb1E6Vp9gxafbw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.9512671" data-w="513" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mhX5nz5MpfwYxm77csiaEeSZibgdNza17C466Do9pQN8IuV8KQHVE0neoiclhJWblQ45kgZV8znNstSA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>绿色共治：建立城市群生态环境协同保护治理机制，加强环境污染联防联治</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">长三角地区的区域范围虽然涉及三省一市不同的行政区，但各市在水、大气及土壤等生态条件方面相互影响，是不可分割的整体。因此，在生态环境保护治理方面，长三角区域必须打破行政区划限制，完善区域污染防治联动协作机制，强化区域大气污染和重点流域水污染的联防联控；同时，要提高产业的环保准入门槛，积极引进环境友好型新兴经济业态，以通过地区产业结构的调整和优化，推动地区生态环境质量的持续改善和优化。另外，加大对生态和社会等公共领域的资金投入及建设，改善长三角地区整体的生态环境和生活、居住、就业环境。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>扩大开放：破除行政和制度壁垒，建立更高水平的区域性对外开放体系</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一方面，长三角大湾区各地区政府要加快推进简政放权、放管结合和优化服务改革，推动市场体系统一开放、基础设施共建共享和生产要素自由流动，消除区域间的行政壁垒、贸易壁垒和协调机制障碍。另一方面，做好区域顶层规划引导，根据各地基础条件和发展优势，明确各地市的产业和功能分工，解决区域产业同构严重的问题，促进地区之间高质量的协同合作，建立统一有序的市场体系，这不仅需要建立完善的区域合作制度体系，还需要解决制度实施上的问题，真正消灭区域内的行政壁垒和障碍。此外，结合长三角以通关一体化为突破口的海关特殊监管区提升转型、进口博览会的举办及浙江舟山自贸区扩区等契机，整合周边海港、空港、高铁等资源优势，借鉴香港、新加坡、鹿特丹、迪拜的发展模式，促进沪舟甬联合打造国际自由贸易港，推动长三角大湾区形成全面开放的新格局。</p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">5.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>要素共享：整合软硬件基础资源要素，促进自由合作共享</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">一是以上海为引领推动区域创新要素资源的共享。目前上海张江已集聚了一批以大科学装置为核心的创新基础设施群，如上海光源、软X射线自由电子激光、活细胞结构和国家蛋白质科学研究(上海)设施等。未来上海应以张江大科学基础设施群为核心抓手，积极与浙江、江苏、安徽等城市探索建立开放共享的科技创新生态圈，以整体提升长三角城市群的基础科学研究水平和协同创新能力。二是加快软性基础设施的整合，搭建长三角大湾区网上大数据共享平台。打破行业、行政区间数据共享壁垒，整合并盘活长三角地区的交通、旅游、医疗、教育等数据资源，促进资源在长三角大湾区内部的流动共享，推动地区一体化深化发展。三是推动长三角地区科技创新人才的共享与交流。积极整合长三角地区科学研究领域的专家资源，以建立长三角科技创新专家智库等为抓手，推动区域科技创新资源的共享与交流。四是推动长三角地区金融协同，促进金融要素市场、金融信息、金融政策等方面的一体化发展。通过共享共建公共服务和统一开放的市场体系，推动基础设施的互联互通，实现资金、人员、商品和信息在长三角地区的自由流动。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/AeV35w4v670YWmlZeQ4kB8kdUFBoXibn8W2s73feibejyYv2bCPgBaibdL9zz18VAbCXwCq3MRaIGhcIrlqicDFuQQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;margin-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-top-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);border-right-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);padding: 10px 10px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;margin-top: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(226, 226, 226) 0px 16px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在我国社会经济发展进入高质量发展的新时期，伴随国际贸易市场不确定性的增加，以出口和贸易经济为核心的长三角高质量一体化转型发展日趋紧迫。本文在借鉴世界知名湾区经济发展经验的基础上，结合长三角实际，提出包括长江口湾区和杭州湾湾区的“Σ”型长三角大湾区，并针对长三角大湾区城市发展水平差异显著、行政壁垒犹存、产业结构有待优化、创新体系不够完善、基础设施互通不足和生态环境问题突出等问题，探索性提出以长三角大湾区推进长三角一体化高质量发展的五大路径：一是通过创新引领，促进产业能级提升和结构优化；二是通过协调发展，建立“∑” 型长三角大湾区，优化区域空间布局；三是通过绿色共治，建立生态环境协同保护治理机制，加强联防联治；四是通过扩大开放，破除行政和制度壁垒，建立更高水平的区域和对外开放体系；五是通过要素共享，整合软硬件基础资源要素，促进自由合作，实现共享。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/AeV35w4v670YWmlZeQ4kB8kdUFBoXibn8W2s73feibejyYv2bCPgBaibdL9zz18VAbCXwCq3MRaIGhcIrlqicDFuQQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2019年13期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">《</strong><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">湾区经济引领长三角高质量一体化发展的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">路径探讨</span><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.45;box-sizing: border-box;">》</span></strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(252, 221, 93);padding: 5px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(100, 100, 100);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">来源：2019年13期《规划师》杂志</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">新媒体编辑：刘晓莹</p></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(100, 100, 100);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 100%;font-size: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-left: 24px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="float: left;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-left: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: right;margin-top: -1px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-right: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -8px;margin-left: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 16px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 100%;margin: -12px 0px;padding: 0px 20px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(227, 43, 107);box-sizing: 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border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);margin-left: 23px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section> <section style="float: right;margin-top: -2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 254) !important;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-bottom: 1px;margin-left: 16px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;margin-top: -2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 8px;height: 16px;margin-left: 8px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 16px;height: 8px;margin-top: -8px;margin-right: 18px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="width: 0px;height: 8px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);border-left-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);border-bottom-color: rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-top: -1px;margin-left: 24px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(156, 94, 21);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/AeV35w4v670YWmlZeQ4kB8kdUFBoXibn8W2s73feibejyYv2bCPgBaibdL9zz18VAbCXwCq3MRaIGhcIrlqicDFuQQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》近期文章推荐（点击蓝字可查看原文）</p></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="margin-top: 8px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 423.156px;word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛1】新时期国土空间规划的基础逻辑关系思辨<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></section></section></section><section powered-by="gulangu" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛2】国土空间规划编制内容的“取”与“舍”——基于国家、部委对市县空间规划编制要求的分析<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛3】基于空间治理的国土空间规划强制性内容思考——从城市总体规划强制性内容实效谈起<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛4】“区域—要素”统筹视角下“多规合一”实践的思考与展望<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"  /></p><p style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;word-wrap: break-word !important;">【规划师论坛5】国土空间规划体系中城市规划行政许可制度的转型</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/AeV35w4v670YWmlZeQ4kB8kdUFBoXibn8W2s73feibejyYv2bCPgBaibdL9zz18VAbCXwCq3MRaIGhcIrlqicDFuQQ/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="height: 16px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 100%;width: 24px;float: left;border-top: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-left: 6px solid rgb(21, 103, 167);border-right-color: rgb(21, 103, 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src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mgEIrWHalsjTBNUF4jJs31nrrbeImPiaXnicQS5XibPgLUIgHYeXRQXdpngAoxJfeH2LJB1VvF5gxvnA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.3037037" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mgEIrWHalsjTBNUF4jJs31n7X5vbyuibnZPSoufU0FSA0nZL8HTM5tnCZz7CSY1F7KssXF2pNgAV3A/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 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0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 80%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8518519" data-w="837" 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