国匠城工作台

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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.4703704" data-w="1080" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9iaZeYNgj6AAcC7FaicB3P7THXAPblqjl1MnewYcT0FVdqgSdaxIp6MPiaPp06SoCwcumGeFJFUic8DQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-top: 2px none rgb(255, 202, 0);border-top-left-radius: 0px;border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(125, 146, 160);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-53202-1534475045474" style="line-height: 1.8;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文需阅读 - 22分钟</p></section></section><section style="margin: 20px 0%;text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 60%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgba(95, 156, 239, 0.69);background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1.5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一览众山小</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Sustainable</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Cities &</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none;border-width: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(97, 208, 167);background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);padding: 10px 20px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 27px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 0.9;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Mobility</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 15px 0% 20px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 2px solid rgb(179, 179, 179);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(179, 179, 179);padding: 0px 5px;letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">城市规划与发展战略</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市综合交通</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(239, 175, 17);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">公共交通与非机动化出行</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(182, 182, 182);box-sizing: border-box;">活力街区、街道与城市设计</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">量化城市与大数据</p></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-7px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">「</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">」</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;padding: 0px 5px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2019年<span style="color: rgb(125, 146, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"> | 9</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">月11日期</span></p></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 40%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;font-size: 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 70%;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1.0234375" data-w="640" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9iaZeYNgj6AAcC7FaicB3P7TaUOX5xURwpLTfavyRLYobW1GP2R6XWYAQFtR4EyUnMJibjLuH9oLcFQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(181, 190, 143);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-60px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 17%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/piaAbicsCicVL3ekicic0Hy42MUkPXKfyob4V9dIEl3ngFAWAduIIVKL4ZAQne4qND6pBatJOibn2M9jV3757MQnmxxg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 5px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">团队成员<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></p></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 0px;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 5%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/piaAbicsCicVL3ekicic0Hy42MUkPXKfyob4V9dIEl3ngFAWAduIIVKL4ZAQne4qND6pBatJOibn2M9jV3757MQnmxxg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -20px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(45px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 10%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/piaAbicsCicVL3ekicic0Hy42MUkPXKfyob4V9dIEl3ngFAWAduIIVKL4ZAQne4qND6pBatJOibn2M9jV3757MQnmxxg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/piaAbicsCicVL3ekicic0Hy42MUkPXKfyob4V9dIEl3ngFAWAduIIVKL4ZAQne4qND6pBatJOibn2M9jV3757MQnmxxg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 2.25em;height: 2.25em;border-top: 5px solid rgb(243, 191, 30);border-left: 5px solid rgb(243, 191, 30);transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="margin-top: -2.25em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-width: 5px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(13, 71, 161);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 5px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 50%;padding: 0px 3px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 3px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="265" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9iaZeYNgj6AAcC7FaicB3P7TeLZwRIN9mDE6ctcYgkp2MZVicCbpslBibibiaT14m5IQ8QiaE4Xq1Fibzakw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 6px 0% 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: 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100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 6px 0% 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="170" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9iaZeYNgj6AAcC7FaicB3P7TDYTlX7VVHibQvTB4ibDmUmgCo1ibwvjyMD3ZyK3NDic2VIcNw6K9JG6tsA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-bottom: -2.25em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="265" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9iaZeYNgj6AAcC7FaicB3P7TiaA1PaGhjCrBJlh9Ey6npI45x0ZzhxdWTcTcgNiakuNtBs9OXe4B46Ag/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 2.25em;height: 2.25em;margin-left: auto;border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(214, 10, 2);border-right: 5px solid rgb(214, 10, 2);transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 50%;padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-bottom: -2.25em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 100%;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="0.9962406" data-w="266" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9iaZeYNgj6AAcC7FaicB3P7TUR0H6nrrDF0FEPKFhpdUK2vMzw94zp5BBWKq9ftAicia5u0HZ6KPsehA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" width="100%" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="width: 2.25em;height: 2.25em;border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(249, 235, 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powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 8px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="265" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9iaZeYNgj6AAcC7FaicB3P7TUkysrgRElHbibAHRcU32EE4tvQv7R0UlicJEyLCTOkDuZIiaoYzrV7k5g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;background-image: linear-gradient(3deg, rgb(254, 195, 192) 0%, rgb(253, 233, 239) 100%);border-style: solid;border-width: 3px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 8px;border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><img data-ratio="1" data-w="265" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9iaZeYNgj6AAcC7FaicB3P7Tc2ibbT2dj9N0XVF0BfYaLfeSWpQF4zW1axJIa9wx9AIicw5LrTEPCPxw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0px 0% 3px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 12px;padding: 0px 20px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 1.5px;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgba(68, 161, 198, 0.79);box-sizing: border-box;">原文|</span></strong>Transport For London<span style="line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;color: rgba(68, 161, 198, 0.792);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">翻译|</strong></span><strong style="line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"> </strong> 王岗、钟佩茜、邹家唱、冯蕾、张婉娴、雷链、雷宇的、李婉、赵哲毅、辛梦阳、邝铭筠、马程</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;color: rgba(68, 161, 198, 0.792);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文献|</strong></span><span style="line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"> 陈舒逸 <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.8;color: rgb(95, 156, 239);box-sizing: border-box;">  </span></strong></span><span style="line-height: 1.8;color: rgba(68, 161, 198, 0.792);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">编辑|</strong></span><span style="line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"> 众山小  </span><span style="line-height: 1.8;color: rgba(68, 161, 198, 0.792);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">排版|</strong></span><span style="line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"> 胡亚光</span></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(128, 178, 188);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;">微博 |</span></strong><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> weibo.com/</span></span></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: 10px 0% 20px;transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-50px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 7%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/piaAbicsCicVL3ekicic0Hy42MUkPXKfyob4V9dIEl3ngFAWAduIIVKL4ZAQne4qND6pBatJOibn2M9jV3757MQnmxxg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(15px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 12%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/piaAbicsCicVL3ekicic0Hy42MUkPXKfyob4V9dIEl3ngFAWAduIIVKL4ZAQne4qND6pBatJOibn2M9jV3757MQnmxxg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section><section style="margin: -55px 0% 10px;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 27%;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9iaZeYNgj6AAcC7FaicB3P7TkxicYSPxPk1ibwXOc2Kqpyo20bqC4jM4XTiaUpUQ8McVA9KovTdrFBXAw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="1" data-w="120"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(181, 190, 143);border-style: none;border-width: 1px;background-color: rgb(158, 192, 199);border-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -18px 0% 10px;font-size: 8px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);display: inline-block;width: 2.5em;height: 2.5em;line-height: 2.5em;border-radius: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 240);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: right;transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-40px, 0px, 0px);margin: 0px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 20%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 3px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-10386-1536648223411" style="text-align: center;font-size: 22px;color: rgb(246, 246, 246);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 5px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">一览</span></strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;box-sizing: border-box;">导读</span></strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 96%;vertical-align: top;box-shadow: rgb(128, 178, 188) 0px 0px 6px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62);border-radius: 8px;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px 15px 8px;box-shadow: rgb(160, 160, 160) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section class="tn-yzk-fuid-text-61658-1548305745155" style="text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作为通勤者，你是否还沉迷于私家车出行的体面而无法自拔，同时却在默默忍受这交通拥堵、由于缺乏运动而被病痛缠身等众多困扰？作为公司经理，你应该想过无数种让员工高效生产的办法吧？作为商铺老板，你会不会困惑顾客们总是来去匆匆？作为政府官员或者领导者，如何让市民们有更多的幸福感应该让你很费心吧？这篇由伦敦交通局与伦敦市其他合作伙伴共同完成的关于步行与骑行的经济收益的报告，围绕步行与骑行带来的推动城镇中心发展，增加生产力，诱集从业人员和商业，保持城市的商业运转等6大好处进行研究分析，应该会让所有感兴趣的人从中受到启发！</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: -50px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 15%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(237, 194, 113);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -70px 0% 0px;font-size: 18px;transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 5em;height: 5em;margin: auto;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;text-align: center;border-radius: 100%;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table;width: 100%;height: 5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;width: 100%;line-height: 1.2;color: rgb(125, 146, 160);font-size: 15px;padding: 10px;letter-spacing: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">阅读</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">正文</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 0px;margin: 0px 0% -20px;transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/XdQHWcEp4N6EX38UBcMP6rwjF0MWUibibOTe5v0RYYWt1Hamib10CpgSAtUWNboRiccT9xDwmsXQonQYSuiau4fianpw/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一、前言</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本报告列举了在城市中鼓励更多的步行和骑行的经济收益。把来自伦敦和其他城市的有力证据归纳为6个主题。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">主要针对政策制定者、地方团体、地方和国家政府的官员、贸易网络公司以及其他对如何通过投资步行和骑行来创造更多的繁荣的城市感兴趣的人。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本报告是由伦敦交通（Transport For London，TfL）局与伦敦市其他合作伙伴共同完成，并作为一部份内容发表于TfL研究步行及骑行经济效益的线上平台。我们特别感谢来自交通局，威斯敏斯特大学，GlaxoSmithKline（英国某制药公司），伦敦的恩菲尔德区、哈克尼区、萨瑟克区，自行车协会，Sustrans（可持续交通慈善团体），伦敦自行车运动协会，骑行英国协会以及可生活街道协会等机构的代表们提供对建立研究基础的支持。</p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 0px;margin: 0px 0% -20px;transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/XdQHWcEp4N6EX38UBcMP6rwjF0MWUibibOTe5v0RYYWt1Hamib10CpgSAtUWNboRiccT9xDwmsXQonQYSuiau4fianpw/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二、报告概述</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对步行和骑行的投资有助于鼓励更多的伦敦市民以一种更绿色健康的方式出行，也为经济带来明显的收益，如下：</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">推动高街和当地城镇中心发展：</strong></span>步行和骑行改善可以增加30%零售消费。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">减少缺勤并增加生产力：</span></strong>积极锻炼的人的每年生病的天数比他们的同事少了27%。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">诱集从业人员和商业：</strong></span>步行和骑行是商业吸引并留住繁荣所需要的员工的关键。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">保持城市的商业运转：</strong></span>伦敦的新自行车道已经帮助一些街道在最繁忙的时候多载了5%的人。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">更广阔的经济收益：</strong></span>投资步行和骑行能预防价值数十亿英镑的健康和环境破坏问题。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">帮助所有人共同受益：</strong></span>积极的出行是容易和包容的。更简单的步行和骑行意味着更多的伦敦市民可以受益。</p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 0px;margin: 0px 0% -20px;transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/XdQHWcEp4N6EX38UBcMP6rwjF0MWUibibOTe5v0RYYWt1Hamib10CpgSAtUWNboRiccT9xDwmsXQonQYSuiau4fianpw/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三、步行和骑行利于高街发展</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(110, 115, 117);box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">相比于私家车出行的人群，行人和骑行者会更频繁的拜访高街，在高街的消费也更多。好的高街提供好的步行和骑行环境，还有良好的消费环境。环境优化能吸引更多的商场进驻——这么做不仅性价比高，还能提升高街的活力。</em></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">较高的消费</em></p></section><section style="margin-right: 4px;margin-bottom: 4px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 5px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);height: 8px;transform-origin: center bottom;-webkit-transform-origin: center bottom;-moz-transform-origin: center bottom;-o-transform-origin: center bottom;transform: skew(-30deg);-webkit-transform: skew(-30deg);-moz-transform: skew(-30deg);-o-transform: skew(-30deg);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="height: 12px;margin-top: -12px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">高街的步行和骑行空间优化、公共领域改善后，当地的零售销量上涨近30%<span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献18，请后台留言联系我们索取）。</span></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">高街的交通设施投入对其运营收益有一定的影响。研究发现，加大慢行系统的投资，打造一个好的慢行街道，要比单纯提高道路网容量产生更高的收益——现有的慢行系统项目能提升30%以上的零售量。纽约市某路口的步行空间提升，使当地的零售量上涨48%；英国凯尔索市的交通管理和公共领域提升，使镇中心的访客量上涨28%；政府在斯托克城的皮卡迪利街投入一千万英镑改善步行空间后，人流量提升了30%。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">步行优化项目还能使地价上涨。早期的文献综述中有提到，一些地区的步行空间优化后，其零售和商业比例均有10-30%的提升。其他研究也发现了土地拥有者、零售商和企业对步行空间优化的投资意愿，并持积极态度。高街的住户和拜访高街的顾客也愿意为更好的街道买单：比如，他们更愿意加大投入设计更吸引人且更有品位的街道。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">在一个月中，相比于开车到高街消费的人群，步行人群花费达开车人群的1.4倍<span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献28，请后台留言联系我们索取）</span>；</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">在一个月中，采用步行和骑行的人群比开车前往高街的人群拜访频率更高：步行者平均拜访16次，骑行者平均拜访12次，开车者平均拜访8次<span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献29，请后台留言联系我们索取）</span>；</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">与私家车停车场比较，同等面积的自行车停车处使当地每平方米的人均零售购买力翻了5倍<span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献25，请后台留言联系我们索取）</span>。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">通常人们认为高街的发展需要依赖更多的停车空间，零售商也一度认为车行交通对顾客非常重要。然而现有的研究并不认可这一切。一方面，交通管制并不会减少顾客数量；另一方面，现有研究已将公共空间质量与主观区域吸引力联系起来。这不仅影响他们的生活水平，还影响他们对购物场地的选择。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">如果减少车行空间，提供更多空间给步行和骑行者，人流量反而上涨。举例来说，旧金山市举行了停车空间的第一次试改造，这使得当地平日晚上的人流量上升了37%，周末的骑行者流量上涨了350%。类似的方案在伦敦肖迪奇实施后，周边商店的进账增加了20%。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">社会价值</em></p></section><section style="margin-right: 4px;margin-bottom: 4px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 5px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);height: 8px;transform-origin: center bottom;-webkit-transform-origin: center bottom;-moz-transform-origin: center bottom;-o-transform-origin: center bottom;transform: skew(-30deg);-webkit-transform: skew(-30deg);-moz-transform: skew(-30deg);-o-transform: skew(-30deg);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="height: 12px;margin-top: -12px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">高街是城市最重要的公共空间，以及城市中交通联系最便捷的节点。伦敦的高街是高度社会化、多样化、可到达的城市空间，为伦敦带来了巨大的经济、社会、环境效益。高街的非物质特性——人（多样的人、熟悉的人）与街道性格（活力）——最受使用者关注。也就是说，高街最大的价值在于，它是一个包容的、促进社会和文化交流的场所。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《公众的高街》<span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献15，请后台留言联系我们索取）</strong></span>选取高街为研究对象，以Burnt Oak、Lewisham、Lower Clapton等3条代表性高街为例，从高街的经济、人群、建成环境三个方面着手，探讨高街的综合社会价值，并尝试给出提升其价值的政策建议。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">前一章节介绍了总部城市吸引力的20个影响因子。伦敦在20个因素中都占据优势，其中有些因素更显著。这些重要因素的减弱可能导致一些不稳定变化，但伦敦的总部地位并没有崩溃。然而，其减弱存在一个临界点，这种趋势维持会导致崩溃。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此外，一些影响因子被赋予了更高权重，对伦敦总部经济的竞争力更为重要。如前一章节阐述的那样，有些因子也是相互关联的，其成功或失败与其他因子的成功或失败交织在一起。我们承认这20个因素对于使伦敦成为具有吸引力且成功的总部城市都非常重要，图10,11和12试图将不同因素的相对重要性进行排列。之后的图表评估了哪些因素更容易受到危害“，这些因素是否揭示了伦敦的当下或长期面对的挑战。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9iaZeYNgj6AAcC7FaicB3P7TGS9t4bEZmRgfvv8Owvl9AlQ8Bvy7qy6eH5PrLVeSat2STWStYkLgwg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.7442680776014109" data-w="567"  /></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);letter-spacing: 2px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图一、伦敦高街分布及3条案例高街区位图</strong></em><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="text-align: right;margin: 10px 0% -16px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 150px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/m7ibmVZYDvY7L6w3fTbeC14njuDZpv2yblo1Noet8Oq6rGDzc9CNHQNSZcS3pNtk2lD3wDSAQsex1bibWqL3OevA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" class="" data-ratio="0.140625" data-w="320"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;border-left: 1px solid rgb(239, 42, 64);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(239, 42, 64);border-top-right-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 10px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9iaZeYNgj6AAcC7FaicB3P7Tubc0qjiaEbtxcs2uydju8wrerHXhicTRdtuOrJR1QLk0UjGrjjC1l2aQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="0.6854663774403471" data-w="922"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 50%;padding: 10px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9iaZeYNgj6AAcC7FaicB3P7ThlMfGb9aOaPiciaoib82z2GfkJicwq4hDBrgJV0Oydb9chakD3icaFQDuicA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="0.6813304721030042" data-w="932"  /></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: left;margin: -13px 0% 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 150px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/m7ibmVZYDvY7L6w3fTbeC14njuDZpv2ybOVe1kruyjzjYPcQib1GASx1xdyNy6KHiarczUvTSTcWZrBdjSVGW6fwA/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif" class="" data-ratio="0.140625" data-w="320"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图二、3条案例高街实景照片</strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">根据对案例高街的实地调研显示，零售仍然是高街功能与价值的核心构成要素，但其他非零售功能也同样重要。<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">45%的受访者表示，高街的最重要的功能与价值与零售无关，而是提供公共服务设施（如休闲中心、图书馆）和社交场所。</span></strong>而这些对于年轻人、老年人尤为重要。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">报告最后为高街利益相关方提出了10项建议，以帮助其提升高街的综合社会价值：1）采取适合当地的政策；2）推动公众引导的更新；3）保持对边缘群体的包容性；4）保护多样性；5）重视街道经济的社会价值。6）重视商家的贡献；7）支持将高街作为公共服务设施；8）认识到高街是居民身份认同的源泉；9）支持将高街作为公共空间；10）寻找科学的方法，最大化高街的社会价值。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">激活高街</em></p></section><section style="margin-right: 4px;margin-bottom: 4px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 5px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);height: 8px;transform-origin: center bottom;-webkit-transform-origin: center bottom;-moz-transform-origin: center bottom;-o-transform-origin: center bottom;transform: skew(-30deg);-webkit-transform: skew(-30deg);-moz-transform: skew(-30deg);-o-transform: skew(-30deg);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="height: 12px;margin-top: -12px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人们逐渐认识到，街道不仅是通行的空间，更是社会经济交往的场所。高品质的街道环境能够使居民更加健康开心，以及积极融入社区生活。《街道吸引力》<span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献4，请后台留言联系我们索取）</strong></span>尝试量化街道环境提升产生的影响，以期达成广泛的认同，并为进一步推动伦敦街道改造提供支撑。报告根据区位、街道类型等因素，对已改造和未改造街道的物理环境、交往、人群活动、房地产市场等四个方面展开了对比研究。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">研究表明，提升混合街道（如高街、城市中心）的公共空间的品质，将为日常使用者、物业持有人、投资者持续带来<span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">零售物业租金涨幅达每年7.5%，店铺空置率下降高达每年17%，休闲活动数量增长高达216%</strong></span>等好处</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">此外，针对街道改造投资，报告还提出了渐进式改造建议，以期最大化投资回报。首先，为行人提供充足的步行空间，提高步行安全性、舒适性、包容性。其次，美化街道环境，塑造街道特色，提供绿化空间和舒适的社交空间。更进一步地，提供无污染（噪声污染、空气污染）的街道环境。最后则是，提供更多的弹性空间（尤其指街道与建筑前区部分，具有多种功能的空间）。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《商业视角下的健康街道》<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献1，请后台留言联系我们索取）</span></strong>指出。伦敦正在推行“健康街道倡议”（Healthy Streets Approach），旨在创造充满活力的和宜居的街道，为人民提供停驻、步行、骑行和使用公共交通的可能性。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9iaZeYNgj6AAcC7FaicB3P7TsAvicVEZZA6Pj6sCqgZia4PSmZsDwESyrL6cxvyicCIczib8Vce5OOvPWQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.9805996472663139" data-w="567"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></em></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">图三、“健康街道倡议”中的十个街道评价指标</strong></em></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">伦敦商业区改善组织（BIDs）是由商业街区的商家自发组成的，旨在共同提升本街区环境品质、激发商业活力的民间组织。伦敦目前共有50个BIDs。他们曾经尝试过，并且还在继续尝试提升街道环境品质，以促进当地商业活动。他们将对TfL推动“健康街道倡议”产生重要影响。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">因此TfL对伦敦BIDs展开调研，以了解他们如何看待健康的街道和商业活动之间关系。调查表明，多数BIDs强烈支持“健康街道倡议”：<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">9成受访者认为提升街道品质为步行和骑行创造了活力空间；83%的受访者认为提升街道品质有利于吸引更多顾客。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">全球数据</em></p></section><section style="margin-right: 4px;margin-bottom: 4px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 5px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);height: 8px;transform-origin: center bottom;-webkit-transform-origin: center bottom;-moz-transform-origin: center bottom;-o-transform-origin: center bottom;transform: skew(-30deg);-webkit-transform: skew(-30deg);-moz-transform: skew(-30deg);-o-transform: skew(-30deg);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="height: 12px;margin-top: -12px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">一篇波兰的研究文章指出，在一个月当中，人们使用步行或自行车的时间多于驾驶时间。</span></strong>该研究共覆盖了波兰78个已经设立的大都市区域，该篇文章研究的核心目标包括：1）通过不同居民的活动类型、区位以及交通网络等指标的研究，量化城市居民的交通方式。2）比较不同交通方式出行的时长以及频率。并且结果表明该区域使用非机动车交通出行模式的居民比使用机动车出行乘客的时长及频率都要高 <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献7，请后台留言联系我们索取）。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">在纽约，在拥有更多专用自行车道的街道上相比周围区域增加了更多的零售商店。同时，在都柏林的两个街道的业态规划中高估了驾驶汽车而来的顾客，而低估了使用自行车的顾客。</span></strong>该项研究由纽约交通部门主导针对交通及城市设计提供重要指标及指引为核心目的，研究范围包括人行区域、自行车道、交叉口重新规划以及巴士快速通道。本项研究的成果证明提升通达性、让一个街区更开放能够增加零售销售额。最重要的是，本项研究显示了，在21世纪，无论是高街，还是主街都能够通过街道增加邻里街区的经济活力<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献21，请后台留言联系我们索取）。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">在哥本哈根，步行及骑自行车的人实际上比开车的人的停留在商店及超市时间要久。其中2/3顾客选择自行车及步行去购物，商店一半的收入都是来自骑自行车及步行前来的顾客。</span></strong>此项研究由哥本哈根政府主导调查，由于哥本哈根每年与日俱增选择自行车出行的人数，对于该种交通模式的社会效益及经济影响有必要做一次全面调查，并且该项研究深入了解了选择该种交通方式的人的心理，为改善交通环境出谋划策<span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献6，请后台留言联系我们索取）。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">在伯尔尼每平方米的停车面积中，来自自行车停放所产生的收入为7500欧元，相比之下，停放汽车所产生收入为6625欧元。</span></strong>该项研究是由联邦运输和数字基础设施部支持，相关的德国自行车专家进行。该项研究主要目的是对德国在自行车政策和基础设施规划方面的专业知识广泛的需求进行研究。德国自行车门户网站包含大量资源：超过8000项成果，其中包括新闻，出版物，研究成果和良好实践案例等<span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献6，请后台留言联系我们索取）。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">在旧金山，一个月中，步行及骑自行车比开车停留商店的时间要长。</span></strong>这项研究考察了旧金山的旅行和消费模式，范围包括了的主要零售和娱乐中心。调查发现，大多数各个收入水平的旅客通过各种交通方式到达旧金山市中心，骑自行车及步行的旅行者花费每月比开车旅行的人更多，因为他们更频繁地参与娱乐活动。调查数据成果并没有显示出开车旅游的人会比乘坐公共交通或者骑自行车旅游的人花费多，同样在其他城市的观察数据中也未有体现。调查结果表明需要更快、更可靠的交通网络，以此刺激经济，并为所有人提供可行、多元的出行交通模式的选择<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献2，请后台留言联系我们索取）。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">在洛杉矶，零售收入在建设了专用自行车道的街区增长了2/3，这相比未建设自行车道的区域收入水平高了14%的水平</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献20，请后台留言联系我们索取）。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 0px;margin: 0px 0% -20px;transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/XdQHWcEp4N6EX38UBcMP6rwjF0MWUibibOTe5v0RYYWt1Hamib10CpgSAtUWNboRiccT9xDwmsXQonQYSuiau4fianpw/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">四、步行与骑行提高生产率</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">经常步行和骑行的人更少生病，工作效率更高，也更享受工作。鼓励更多的人走路和骑车能给伦敦经济带来巨大的生产力提升。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">减少旷工</em></p></section><section style="margin-right: 4px;margin-bottom: 4px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 5px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);height: 8px;transform-origin: center bottom;-webkit-transform-origin: center bottom;-moz-transform-origin: center bottom;-o-transform-origin: center bottom;transform: skew(-30deg);-webkit-transform: skew(-30deg);-moz-transform: skew(-30deg);-o-transform: skew(-30deg);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="height: 12px;margin-top: -12px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">经常运动的工作者比其同事患病的天数少27%</span></strong><span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献23，请后台留言联系我们索取）。</strong></span>Hendriksen等在荷兰骑车的人中发现经常骑车和旷工存在显著性关系：经常骑车的人每年生病7.4天，相比而言，不骑车的人每年生病8.7天（<span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">参考文献16，请后台留言联系我们索取）</strong></span>。即经常骑车的人比不骑车的人每年少生病1.3天，若将此数据按1天计，应用到英国，则对于英国的经济来说，每年能因旷工的减少节约1.18亿英镑<span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献13，请后台留言联系我们索取）</strong></span>。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">提高生产率</em></p></section><section style="margin-right: 4px;margin-bottom: 4px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 5px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);height: 8px;transform-origin: center bottom;-webkit-transform-origin: center bottom;-moz-transform-origin: center bottom;-o-transform-origin: center bottom;transform: skew(-30deg);-webkit-transform: skew(-30deg);-moz-transform: skew(-30deg);-o-transform: skew(-30deg);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="height: 12px;margin-top: -12px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">骑车上下班会让员工更具生产力。</span></strong>GlaxoSmithKline针对通过Cyclescheme项目（https://www.cyclescheme.co.uk）获得自行车的员工做了调查，其中73%的人感到工作效率提升了。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">54%骑车上下班的人比采取其他通勤方式的人在通勤时感到更开心和精力充沛。</span></strong>通勤方式也会影响人们的主观幸福感。研究表明，在路程中，堵车、拥挤、不可预测性等原因带来的失控的感觉，会增加人们的压力，从而在通勤时的情绪相对低落。步行或骑行上下班的人总的来说比开车和乘坐公共交通的人对通勤更满意。通勤体验也会影响到人们在工作和家庭中的感受和行为。走路上下班的人有更高的工作满意度和幸福感。这会导致员工保持率的提升，减少商业开销<span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;">考文献8，请后台留言联系我们索取）。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: left;font-size: 0px;margin: 0px 0% -20px;transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-25px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 30px;height: 30px;vertical-align: top;overflow: hidden;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/XdQHWcEp4N6EX38UBcMP6rwjF0MWUibibOTe5v0RYYWt1Hamib10CpgSAtUWNboRiccT9xDwmsXQonQYSuiau4fianpw/640?wx_fmt=png");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;background-attachment: scroll;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0px 0%;transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(1px, 0px, 0px);text-align: right;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 17px;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 3px;padding: 0px 10px;color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">五、企业看到了步行和骑行的真正价值</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">人们希望在生活品质高的地区工作和生活。对许多人来说，这意味着，在这些地区，他们可以更便捷的选择步行或骑车出行。因此，为步行和骑行创造良好的空间场所可以给企业提供人才上的竞争优势，从而增强伦敦的人才储备。伦敦周边也有越来越多的企业对步行和骑行表示支持。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">吸引并留住员工</em></p></section><section style="margin-right: 4px;margin-bottom: 4px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 5px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);height: 8px;transform-origin: center bottom;-webkit-transform-origin: center bottom;-moz-transform-origin: center bottom;-o-transform-origin: center bottom;transform: skew(-30deg);-webkit-transform: skew(-30deg);-moz-transform: skew(-30deg);-o-transform: skew(-30deg);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="height: 12px;margin-top: -12px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">“我们的办公室网络将由Cycle Superhighways组织在一起。我们希望通过这些受保护自行车道的建设，来帮助我们吸引和留住那些公司发展所需要的员工。”</span></strong></em><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">——微软英国前首席执行官Michael van der Bel</span></strong></em><span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献9，请后台留言联系我们索取）</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Cycleways是将伦敦的社区、企业和其他目的地连接在一个自行车网络上的路线，它们过去也被称为Cycle Superhighways和Quietways。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/mee9Bdh9Tia9iaZeYNgj6AAcC7FaicB3P7TtpiaM6kcrPbExCia9v0lNoibOmyKxuJibQj6Ze2jaMRejMl6xm5VdicCAibA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" class="" data-ratio="0.6770833333333334" data-w="576"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">图四、Cycle Superhighway 9 (CS9)示意图。图：TfL</span></strong></em></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">来自金融、技术、创意、教育和医疗等行业的200多个雇主企业，通过CyclingWorks项目表示支持伦敦的自行车基础设施建设计划。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">微软英国前首席执行官Michael van der Bel在给TfL的一封信中解释了为什么自行车高速公路计划（Cycle Superhighways plans）将有利于微软和伦敦的发展<span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献9，请后台留言联系我们索取）</strong></span>：现在我们有100多名员工骑行上班，如果他们在路上感到舒适，其他人也会选择这样做，并获得骑行通勤带来的健康益处。我们希望所有员工的通勤都舒适安全，而自行车高速公路计划将是实现这一目标的重要一步。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">到2025年，四分之三的员工将是千禧一代，而他们更注重环境保护，也更少使用汽车。</strong></span>在一份关于千禧一代（1983年或以后出生的人）的调查报告中，收集了超过7800名千禧一代的观点，他们拥有大学学历并且从事全职工作<span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献10，请后台留言联系我们索取）</strong></span>。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">73％的BIDs表示步行和骑行对于他们吸引和留住员工非常重要。在威斯敏斯特大学所做的一份“健康街道”的调查中，超过85％的BIDs表示良好的步行、骑行和驻留空间对于商业表现非常重要<span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献1，请后台留言联系我们索取）</strong></span>。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">商业收益</em></p></section><section style="margin-right: 4px;margin-bottom: 4px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 5px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);height: 8px;transform-origin: center bottom;-webkit-transform-origin: center bottom;-moz-transform-origin: center bottom;-o-transform-origin: center bottom;transform: skew(-30deg);-webkit-transform: skew(-30deg);-moz-transform: skew(-30deg);-o-transform: skew(-30deg);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="height: 12px;margin-top: -12px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">商业改善区认为步行及骑行对其业绩向好有重要影响。</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献1，请后台留言联系我们索取）</strong></span>商业改善区通常分布在城市中特定的区域，通过投票确定并启动投标。商业改善区往往聚集着许多当地企业，并主要以非营利的方式运作，而日常运营资金来自他们所在地区内的企业支付的商业税。商业改善区不仅代表着本地企业的利益，也让其所在地区更加宜居。在伦敦有50多个商业改善区，包括零售、食品、管理、建筑、运输和高等教育等多个行业。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9iaZeYNgj6AAcC7FaicB3P7TLiaS5oqJmiba5A62TcZXpZACNTEF7tb9XkFTItU4t1Bib4j4yUe5AVgaQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.8051470588235294" data-w="272"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">图五、伦敦商业改善区分布<span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"></span></span></strong></em><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献1，请后台留言联系我们索取）</span></span></strong></p></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2017年，TfL使用Qualtrics软件设计并进行了一项调查<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献1，请后台留言联系我们索取）</span></strong>，意在更好地了解伦敦商业改善区对健康街道与商区业绩之间关系的看法。受访的<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">95%商业改善区认为良好的步行环境对于销售业绩至关重要，85％的商户认为良好的骑行环境对商业区的发展裨益良多，以及97.5％商户认为吸引顾客停留更长时间也是必不可少的。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">然而，目前只有55％的商业改善区对顾客有着较大的吸引力，伦敦48％的商区适合步行，仅29％的受访商区适合骑行。因此，提高商业改善区的环境质量将是TfL和自治区的重中之重。以伦敦南部Clapham商业改善区为例，Clapham Old Town在该领域屡获殊荣，因为它将安静的交通环境，舒适的公共和活动房空间及本地的商业复兴完美结合了起来，并给该地区带来了巨大的商业利润。虽然这里的道路很宽敞，但机动车很少，同时居民和住宅都有停车区。在工作日这里允许机动车通行，而周末这里仅允许步行和骑行，这有利于周末商户们举办更多的活动。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">除了调查伦敦商业改善区对创造吸引顾客停留更长时间的环境、创造良好的步行及骑行的环境和业绩之间关系的看法之外，本项调查中还有关于<strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">商区们对十个健康街道指标各自对经营业绩的重要性调查。</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;">表一、商业改善区对十项指标“极其重要”的认同程度</span></strong></em></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9iaZeYNgj6AAcC7FaicB3P7TfbUIHmtrPnz5TS0eaWS1RiaribLkkKGcTia3PpyjSoZtVsbDNWj6HMUTg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.29783393501805056" data-w="554"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">这些数据表明，健康街道不仅能让人们的购物体验更佳，从而为商业发展区带来更多的利益，还能带来更多的好处，比如能吸引更多更好的人才来此工作。同时，调查也强调了打造一个好的工作环境，并能让员工们选择自己喜欢的通勤方式是非常重要的。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">表二、打造健康街道对商业区发展至关重要的原因</strong></em></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/mee9Bdh9Tia9iaZeYNgj6AAcC7FaicB3P7TzLbuGF7TavoTTwib68icqrzTH6T9zOD7ROHzbuBia3PVPeW0nlToZfw8A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png" class="" data-ratio="0.25906735751295334" data-w="579"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不难看出，良好的步行和骑行环境对“有效提升该地区的活力”、“吸引更多顾客”、“更好吸引和留住员工”有极其重要的影响。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">配备具有高质量自行车停放设施的办公场所，对商业的影响至关重要</span></strong><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献3，请后台留言联系我们索取）</span></strong>。自20世纪90年代末开始，英国政府开始接连推出多项措施鼓励人们骑车上下班，意在鼓励民众拥有更健康的生活方式，减少拥堵，绿色出行。此外，各种组织也发起了许多促进自行车出行的活动和研究。最近，格拉斯哥大学的一项研究表明，经常使用自行车上下班的人可减少癌症和心脏病的发病率。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2012年，英国文化委员会办公室（BCO）委托其他机构编写了一份报告。报告一方面调查了办公室白领们的骑车习惯，另一方面意在鼓励更多的办公楼业主和员工们骑车出行。由于自行车及相关设施在过去5年中不断更新换代，不久前，委员会又委托了Remit Consulting LLP（Remit）再次更新研究。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">报告显示，自行车作为通勤方式的普及程度近年来有所提升。超过三分之一（35％）的办公室员工在过去两年中开始使用自行车通勤，另外31％的自行车上班族在2-5年前开始骑车上班，在5年前或更长时间的则有近30％。然而，根据调查，尽管有一半的上班族每周工作5天，但每天只有31％的人会选择骑车上班。相比每周骑车超过3次（18％），每周骑车上班一次（23％）的情况在英国人的日常通勤中更为普遍。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">调查中英国大多数骑自行车通勤的上班族表示，他们的办公地点配备了相关设施（87％），尽管其中仅47％提供了安全的室内停车点及相关设施。超过一半（55％）的受访者表示，他们的工作场所提供淋浴，一半以下（41％）的办公室提供存放个人物品（如箱包、衣物）的储物柜。能提供包括“免费吹风机”（12％），“免费洗浴用品”（4％），“自行车维修店”等 （9％）和“免费毛巾”（4％）。这表明，虽然自行车停放点数量基本满足人们的需求，但免费设施质量发展滞后，这些在很大程度上也影响了人们是否骑车上下班。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">办公室配备有良好的自行车设施对员工的好处是显而易见的，但调查也显示其对办公楼业主益处良多。除了之前提到的更多的人选择自行车出行，能为整个商业区带来活力、增加客流量、吸引员工之外，拥有良好的自行车相关设施的办公楼被看作是一个独特的卖点，吸引着更多人租驻或购买。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-right: 5px;color: rgb(145, 74, 6);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">商业支持</em></p></section><section style="margin-right: 4px;margin-bottom: 4px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 5px;border-right: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);border-left: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);height: 8px;transform-origin: center bottom;-webkit-transform-origin: center bottom;-moz-transform-origin: center bottom;-o-transform-origin: center bottom;transform: skew(-30deg);-webkit-transform: skew(-30deg);-moz-transform: skew(-30deg);-o-transform: skew(-30deg);border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="height: 12px;margin-top: -12px;border-top: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.8;letter-spacing: 2px;padding: 0px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“骑行是未来城市的基本出行方式之一，并且已经成为谷歌在国王十字和整个伦敦投资的关键因素。城市骑行适宜性在吸引和留住人才方面扮演重要角色。”——谷歌英国的前任CEO ，Dan Conley</strong></em></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></strong></em></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《街道吸引力》<span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献4，请后台留言联系我们索取）</strong></span>系统地为我们呈现了街道环境提升带来的各项价值提升。研究对伦敦公共街道，包括步行街、街道公共空间、城镇中心主街道等开展分析，发现这些街道空间品质的提升能够有效地为日常行人、空间所有者和未来投资者带来多方面的积极影响。此外，《行人力量》<span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献18，请后台留言联系我们索取）</strong></span>强调了行人对街道经济活力的潜在影响力：（1）改善街道环境有利于提升街道经济效益；（2）尽管步行带来的经济效益仍然被低估，关于步行适宜性对商业效益影响的测度方法得以改进；（3）研究重点从步行街数量和品牌同质性逐渐转向消费者体验；（4）电商时代，步行友好型街道对实体商业有至关重要的支撑作用。</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2014年，超过180家伦敦企业联名共同支持规划新受保护的自行车道。</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(13, 41, 98);box-sizing: border-box;">“规划提出的东北和东西路线有助于吸引和留住商业繁荣所需的人才，同时也有助于提升伦敦的城市吸引力，改善伦敦的营商环境。”——John Ridding, CEO of Financial Times</span></strong></em><span style="color: rgb(31, 163, 196);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">（参考文献9，请后台留言联系我们索取）</strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 32px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="height: 1.5em;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="mix-blend-mode: screen;background-image: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/SMs0SibSQiah6Zp3oVoBrQ1PHQTnNZt82G99FQtgj4Vu7wRBqy25HdTUoric1tRdaJNbMCaqbLspUjYGD5FNCDyeQ/640?wx_fmt=gif");background-position: 50% 50%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: cover;background-attachment: 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