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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"> <section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 5px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mj6k4Ckpt9pUlBajqJ24jgFAuAkAjnmAdkNFrcgQR4bVyAr8eozhjZraUWkGGCZK5YmBO5hPmrMuQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 70%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(153, 166, 171);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box;">欢迎点击以上蓝色字体</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">关注</p></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding: 0px 0px 0px 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.91" data-w="100" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mj6k4Ckpt9pUlBajqJ24jgFAuAkAjnmAdkNFrcgQR4bVyAr8eozhjZraUWkGGCZK5YmBO5hPmrMuQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 10px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(254, 193, 192);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="padding: 5px 4px;clear: both;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;clear: none;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">作者华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院讲师、硕士生导师杨文越，华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院硕士研究生李昕，通讯作者华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院副教授、硕士生导师叶昌东在《规划师》2019年第9期撰文，<span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市绿地是改善生态环境、优化景观格局、提升生活品质和促进居民健康的重要载体。优化城市绿地分布格局，</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">提高绿地质量和效益，以及使居民更加便捷地亲近绿地，是城市绿地系统规划的重点工作。文章首先从评价内容、评价维度、</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">评价尺度、评价对象和评价方法五大方面对中国城市绿地系统规划评价指标体系的现存问题进行分析与归纳，提出未来发展</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和转型方向，并提出构建一套涵盖生态效益、景观格局、绿地可达性和人本效益等方面的“多元、多维、多尺度”城市绿地</span><span style="text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">系统规划评价指标体系，以期为新一轮的城市绿地系统规划编制提供科学依据和借鉴启示。</span></p></section><section style="width: 50%;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(42, 118, 162);float: right;margin-top: -6px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="clear: both;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 12px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 关键词 ] 绿地；城市绿地系统规划；评价；指标体系；多尺度</p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(56, 30, 5);letter-spacing: 1px;padding: 0px 4px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文章编号 ]1006-0022(2019)09-0071-06</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 中图分类号 ]TU984　</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 文献标识码 ]B </p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">[ 引文格式 ] 杨文越，李昕，叶昌东．城市绿地系统规划评价指标体系构建研究[J]．规划师，2019(9)：71-76．</p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/uvrQ6WsRmxmSgicl0ETDqmIYLPeGlo7yUCQoR4icKsckSiadDcljow1G007LMaKYFyyHbsueGn0WqSyIIaqiaKIYNg/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我国城市绿地系统规划评价指标体系存在问题与发展方向</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">绿地评价指标作为有效反映城市绿<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地空间布局合理性和绿地规划建设水平</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的重要衡量标准，是城市绿地系统规划</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">中的重中之重。因此，很有必要对我国</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现行城市绿地系统规划评价指标及其评</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">价方法所存在的主要问题进行分析和梳</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">理，厘清绿地评价与规划的实际需求和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">未来发展转型趋势，以建立一套科学、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合理的城市绿地系统规划评价指标体系。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）传统评价指标内容相对简单，难以全面反映绿地建设水平</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前国内城市绿地系统规划多以传</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">统的绿地评价指标为主，如人均绿地面</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">积、人均公共绿地面积、绿地率和绿化</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">覆盖率等。这些指标反映的绿地信息相</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对较少，主要关注于绿地的“数量”和“规</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">模”，而忽视绿地的“质量”和“效应”，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">难以体现城市绿地的真实价值和实际效</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">应，使城市绿地系统规划在整个规划体</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">系中难以受到应有的重视，很多时候流</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">于形式或让位于其他专项规划。然而，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在新时代生态文明思想和绿色发展观背</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">景下，城市绿地是“三生”空间协调发</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">展的重要组成部分，且与人们日常生活</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">联系紧密，与公共健康息息相关。因此，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在传统评价指标的基础上，应充分考虑</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">绿地的生态功能、景观价值和人的需求</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">等，构建涵盖生态效益、景观格局、绿</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地可达性和人本效益等方面的“多元化”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">评价指标体系，以全面、综合地反映城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市绿地建设水平，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">推动城市绿地系统规</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划评价指标由重“量”轻“质”向“质”“效”并重转变。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）评价维度较为单一，空间分析视角过于局限</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传统绿地评价指标大多以单一数值<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">反映规划区域内的绿地建设水平，评价</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">维度多局限于一维，难以反映城市绿地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间分布的合理性。然而，绿地是城市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">土地利用性质中的一种用地类型，具有</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“空间”属性。位于不同空间的绿地，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">所发挥的功能效益也会有所差异，尤其</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">是对于绿地景观价值和满足人们使用需</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">求等方面。因此，很有必要倡导城市绿</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地系统规划评价指标的“多维化”转向。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">引入二维的绿地评价指标，基于空间分</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">析编制和优化城市绿地系统规划方案。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同时，通过三维指标(人的感官层面)更</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">好地反映城市绿地建设的质量和景观效</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">果，如基于可见绿(Visible Greenery)衡</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">量居民绿化感受的绿视率指标。对于土</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地资源稀缺的大城市，尤其是高密度城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市，更应促使其从增加平面绿地面积向</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">丰富立体绿化转变。因此，通过构建“多</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">维”的评价指标体系能够更加全面地反</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">映城市绿地空间分布差异和整体绿地建</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">设水平，提高城市绿地系统规划方案的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合理性和践行规划“以人为本”的理念。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）忽视全域绿地协调发展，无法反映整体绿化效应</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;text-indent: 2em;">国家新型城镇化规划(2014—2020<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">年)》将“城市建成区绿地率”作为新型</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城镇化建设的重要指标，体现对建成区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">绿化建设的重视。但现行城市绿地系统</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划大多“重城区”而“轻市域”，缺</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乏“全域”“系统”“多尺度”的战略</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">思想，既不能体现绿地分布在城市内部</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间中的差异，又不利于构建完整的城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市绿地生态网络系统，无法使绿地发挥</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">最大效益。《城市绿地系统规划编制纲</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要(试行)》(2002年)提出要“构筑以中</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">心城区为核心，覆盖整个市域，城乡一</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">体化的绿地系统”，因此应跳出侧重建</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">成区绿地建设的现有思路框架，充分利</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用建成区外围的绿地资源，在我国全域</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展规划目标的指导下，加强宏观、中</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">观和微观层面的绿地规划实践，基于“多</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">尺度”绿地建设视角，构建以“市域—</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城区—社区—人”为框架结构的全域、多</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">尺度绿地评价指标体系。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（四）偏重绿地空间与生态，难以满足人的感受和需求</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现行城市绿地系统规划过于侧重绿<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地的空间布局和生态效应，对居民的使</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用感受缺乏深入的思考，导致即使绿地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">指标达标，也难以满足城市居民的实际</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">需求。在“以人为本”的发展理念下，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">强调居民日常生活与绿地的联系尤为重</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">要，如引入绿地可达性指标衡量居民到</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">达绿地的便捷程度，以反映绿地空间布</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">局的合理性。因此，有必要构建与绿地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">服务及人本效益相关的评价指标，重视</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市居民的绿地体验和服务享用情况，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以实现由“城市本位”向“人本位”规</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">划思路的转变，促进和谐宜居的绿色城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市发展。</span></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（五）局限于定性评价方法，缺乏对GIS和空间数据的充分利用</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由于缺乏有效的数据分析工具，传<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">统城市绿地系统规划多以定性为主(如</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“几轴几带多中心”的空间规划结构),</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">且面对繁杂并不断更新的绿地空间数据</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">及属性，需要借助GIS技术进行科学有</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">效的分析。虽然已有学者对GIS空间分</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">析技术应用于城市绿地系统规划做了大</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">量研究，但很少将其落实到具体的定量</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">化评价指标层面，也未能完全实现绿地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间数据的有效利用和管理。因此，为</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进一步优化绿地评价指标的精确性和科</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">学性，提高绿地规划工作效率，丰富评</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">价手段和成果，亟需将GIS技术运用其中，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">实现技术手段与规划评价指标的同步升</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">级，从而为城市绿地系统规划的决策提</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">供直观的、合理的数据支撑，形成定性、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">定量相结合的城市绿地系统规划评价指</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">标体系。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/uvrQ6WsRmxmSgicl0ETDqmIYLPeGlo7yUCQoR4icKsckSiadDcljow1G007LMaKYFyyHbsueGn0WqSyIIaqiaKIYNg/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;border-radius: 1em;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 0.3em 0.8em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 18px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"> <strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“多元、多维、多尺度”的城市绿地系统规划评价指标体系</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文基于现状绿地系统规划指标存<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在的问题和不足，提出“多元、多维、多</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">尺度”的城市绿地评价指标体系。其中，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“多元”所反映的是基于传统指标，引入</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态效益、景观格局和绿地可达性等指标，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">以构建多样化的绿地评价指标体系；“多</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">维”主要强调空间评价维度，包括一维、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">二维和三维层面，通过拓展现有指标维</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度，重点构建和完善三维立体化指标，以</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">更好地反映城市绿地空间分布的真实性和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">合理性；“多尺度”是指在城乡一体化的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">发展理念下，重视全域发展和人本思想，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">构建“市域—城区—社区—人”的评价指</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">标体系。因此，本文通过提出一系列定量</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与定性相结合的指标评价方法，以实现对</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市绿地系统规划建设进行全面综合的评</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">价(图1，表1)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.0298211" data-w="503" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mj6k4Ckpt9pUlBajqJ24jgFdTkNsGJFN9u9nSPP8Nic2HScDpuk0YL54HRkLbBXfMfd14QRRibQDcMw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5319352" data-w="1049" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mj6k4Ckpt9pUlBajqJ24jgF9A3picmKHNb6kcFmwLzJWp9ydcD0HkVdTwkPianLCuiaszm5zQEchM01A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（一）生态效益指标</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>固碳释氧指标</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">固碳释氧指标能够测度绿化植物维<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">持城市碳氧平衡的水平，是衡量城市生</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">态环境的重要指标。通过统计各类绿地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">面积及其相应单位面积绿地的碳氧变化</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">量相乘以得到固碳释氧总量，其计算公</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">式如下：</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.0728477" data-w="453" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mj6k4Ckpt9pUlBajqJ24jgFbsDeakbgkMu0b4fK7VnbdnibicEvYOpYVy26aW0oPDibULltY2UjGtb2w/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">式中， S表示城市绿地固碳释氧量，A<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">表示各类绿地面积，T表示单位面积绿</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地的吸碳量， Q表示单位面积绿地的释</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">氧量，其参考值分别为8.73 t/hm2·a 和</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">23.27 t/hm2·a 。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>涵养水源指标</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">涵养水源指标可以衡量城市绿地保</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">持水土和涵养水源的能力，从而为城市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">绿地系统规划通过绿化改善城市水文提</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">供数据支撑。本文运用水量平衡法(即计</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">算城市一年内平均降水量与平均蒸发量</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的差值)，结合国家规定各城市地表水资</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">源收费标准计算出城市绿地涵养水源的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">价值，其计算公式如下</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">：</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.0690476" data-w="420" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mj6k4Ckpt9pUlBajqJ24jgFLNla41LkBtEEAian0dSNrf9L97E9ZnQibNMnuKEictum0lkrJLKefkDoQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">式中， W表示城市绿地涵养水源量，R<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">表示城市年平均降雨量， E表示城市年</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">平均蒸散量， A表示城市区域面积。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>环境净化指标</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.1834862" data-w="436" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mj6k4Ckpt9pUlBajqJ24jgFdagVRAJqyUJ2wXolDoSs7CZ2MPzGibsLIP1ncfUKLwicARZz6g73UA6Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（二）景观格局指标</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">基于景观生态学理论，结合城市绿<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地建设需求，提出以下景观指数以衡量</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市绿地的生态服务水平和景观格局特</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">征，为城市绿地系统规划提供更多元的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">建设指导(表2)。</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.8635347" data-w="894" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mj6k4Ckpt9pUlBajqJ24jgFTjHYMMBdoibEaMUibJb539Rf3R5ZujhHKPakQavvkCDzvtCgVSSrru3A/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（三）绿地可达性指标</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">绿地可达性可表示单位时间内接近<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">绿地的量，其衡量了人们接近绿地的便</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">捷程度，既能反映绿地的空间布局和服</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">务水平，也体现了指标的“人性化”。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">目前国内外关于绿地可达性的研究方法</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">较多，包括缓冲区分析法、网络分析法、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">高斯两步移动搜索法等。尽管现有绿地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">规划对公园绿地步行可达性进行了评估，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">但多关注距离与时间因素，基于人的使</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">用方面(如绿地吸引力、交通成本)考虑</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">较少，因此本文分别从地点和人这两个</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">角度选取了多个可达性测度指标，其计</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">算方法如表3所示。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.6178771" data-w="895" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mj6k4Ckpt9pUlBajqJ24jgFTjcTQDUBubzP8XqN19eiclsSV39WfREcib8ARX2XDia4U6l6FEfPXYqPg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;letter-spacing: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">（四）人本效益指标</p></section><section style="height: 2px;width: 100%;background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">1.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>绿地服务重叠度</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">虽然现行规划对公园绿地的服务覆<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">盖水平进行了评价，但对于城市居民而</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">言，除了关注社区周围能否被绿地服务</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">范围所覆盖之外，还注重对社区周边绿</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地的可选择性和差异性，即一定范围内</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可服务于某个社区点的绿地数量和面积。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">其方法是基于GIS对不同等级绿地生成</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">不同半径的服务缓冲区(表4)，然后通</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">过叠置分析和拓扑分析将其与社区单元</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">进行关联，最后计算出覆盖各社区的绿</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地总数与总面积的比值，即得出该社区</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的绿地服务重叠度</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">，计算公式如下：</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4128878" data-w="419" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mj6k4Ckpt9pUlBajqJ24jgF4DxrIHJDPd7OBCibwPoav4XrSDwnGFLYD1icib1VpwnYJD7u0E1vsMs8g/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3551609" data-w="901" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mj6k4Ckpt9pUlBajqJ24jgFrZiaxjQ7p7lrqzudLr2M6nmczmZf8WSicPXQFiaqttw9huNVj42ricnLWw/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">2.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>绿视率</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">绿视率是指在人的视野范围内绿色</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">景观所占的比值，即可见绿，它能在三</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">维空间层面反映绿地景观效果，侧面衡</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">量出人们对城市绿化的直观感受。首先</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">使用GIS在研究区域内沿街道随机生成</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">采样点，保证任意两个采样点之间的最</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">短距离不超过30m，然后在每个采样点</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">捕获６个方向 (0°、60°、120°、180°、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">240°和 300°) 和３个垂直视角(﹣45°、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">0°、45°)的谷歌街景图像(Google Street </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">View，GSV)，接着利用 Photoshop、</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">GIMP等相关软件从各图像中提取绿色植</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">物像素，最后通过如下公式计算各采样</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">点的绿视率</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">：</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4783654" data-w="416" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mj6k4Ckpt9pUlBajqJ24jgFdazLmicyia2LADEeibVHDAJMnNFkYgibIEUjNib071GYCicxS3Nicd4b3Kyqg/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;text-indent: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">3.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>建筑视觉绿色指数</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">立体绿化是从三维视角进行的城市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">绿地建设，虽然在现行规划中，提出屋</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">顶、天桥和立交桥绿化率等作为测度三</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">维立体绿化的指标，但其不能很好地反</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">映立体绿化与人视角感受间的关系，且</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">随着城市人口的密集化，城市居住建筑</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">高度的不断增加，居民与绿地的视觉接</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">触受到了建筑物遮挡，因此基于建筑视</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">觉绿色指数(Building Visual Greenness </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Index，简称“BVGI”)，可以从居民的角</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度测度居住建筑周围绿化水平，其定义</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">为整个建筑视觉中绿地面积的比率，数</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">值的高低反映了城市绿化水平，其计算</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">公式如下</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">：</span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.847981" data-w="421" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mj6k4Ckpt9pUlBajqJ24jgFfXsibbnRIhLDUibCmeSSyHRp7XTXic96j7QjqNhGtcClWib15Nv2OxicdPA/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 40px;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="padding-left: 8px;padding-right: 8px;color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">4.<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span>居民绿地使用满意度</p></section><section style="width: 40px;text-align: right;margin-left: auto;height: 5px;line-height: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;width: 30px;border-top: 1px dashed rgb(58, 140, 226);border-right-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);border-left-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 5px;height: 5px;border-radius: 50%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(58, 140, 226);display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市绿地建设水平与居民日常生活</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">水平息息相关。因此，城市绿地规划评</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">价不能仅局限于规划者的角度，还应从</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">绿地直接使用者——城市居民的角度去</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">衡量。本文提出以问卷调查为主，将幸</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">福感作为刻画满意度的测度因素，结合</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">现有研究和访谈提出居民绿地使用满意</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">度测度指标(表5) 。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 0em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"></span></p></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3095499" data-w="911" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mj6k4Ckpt9pUlBajqJ24jgFnye6o4I1OMKOz7ibpsWMich57j30vxEdeFwKtzIUgg3UPQbsObERMdHQ/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section></section></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/uvrQ6WsRmxmSgicl0ETDqmIYLPeGlo7yUCQoR4icKsckSiadDcljow1G007LMaKYFyyHbsueGn0WqSyIIaqiaKIYNg/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin-bottom: -10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;margin-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 20%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;width: 6px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 2px;margin: auto;height: 16px;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="width: 6px;height: 6px;border-radius: 50%;background-color: rgb(17, 19, 22);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="transform: rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);-moz-transform: rotate(0deg);-o-transform: rotate(0deg);margin-bottom: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="border-left: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-bottom: 5px solid rgb(255, 222, 3);border-top-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);border-right-color: rgb(255, 222, 3);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(214, 240, 252);padding: 10px 10px 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结论与讨论</strong></p></section></section><section style="margin-left: auto;margin-top: -5px;width: 5px;height: 5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(226, 226, 226) 0px 16px 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">城市绿地不仅具有环境景观功能和<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">生态服务效益，还可为居民提供游憩活</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">动空间，从而增加居民体力活动，促进</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">社会交往融合，给公众身心健康带来积</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">极作用。构建良好的城市绿地系统是城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">市生态文明建设和可持续发展的关键。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">而绿地评价指标体系作为衡量绿地建设</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">水平和布局结构合理性的科学方法与标</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">准，是城市绿地系统规划中的核心内容</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">和关键技术。因此，本文针对现有城市</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">绿地系统规划评价指标体系存在的不足</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">与缺陷，结合国内外近年来关于绿地研</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">究的先进经验、技术和方法，提出构建</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">“多元、多维、多尺度”的城市绿地系</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">统规划评价指标体系。其中，“多元”</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">指城市绿地评价指标内容的多元化，涵</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">盖景观格局、绿地可达性、人本效益等</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">多个方面，以对城市绿地建设水平进行</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">全面、综合的评价；“多维”指倡导绿</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地评价从单一的空间维度向立体的多维</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">空间转变，构建“一、二、三维”评价</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">指标相结合的绿地评价指标体系；“多</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">尺度”则进一步提出构建以“市域—城</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">区—社区—人”为结构的多重空间尺度评</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">价指标体系，不仅覆盖宏观的全域，还</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">深入到微观的个人，体现城乡统筹和“以</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">人为本”的规划理念。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">该评价指标体系不仅有利于为科学<span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">编制新一轮城市绿地系统规划提供一定</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">的借鉴和启示，同时也对空间规划体系</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">改革、认识绿地系统在空间规划中的地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">位与作用有一定的帮助。由于各城市的</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">自然资源环境和规划建设水平有所差异，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">可以根据实际情况与目标需求有选择地</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">使用该指标体系或对之进行改进与变型。</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">同时，亦寄望于各地的规划实践对本指</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">标体系提出不断的修正和完善。</span></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.3692308" data-w="65" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/uvrQ6WsRmxmSgicl0ETDqmIYLPeGlo7yUCQoR4icKsckSiadDcljow1G007LMaKYFyyHbsueGn0WqSyIIaqiaKIYNg/640?wx_fmt=gif" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="gif"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 95%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(181, 180, 180);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: -5px 0% 5px;transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(-5px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(252, 221, 93);padding: 5px;border-width: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(255, 202, 0);background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="color: rgb(100, 100, 100);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: 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border-box;">审读：刘芳</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section><section style="margin: 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="padding: 5px;background-color: rgb(21, 103, 167);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-color: white;padding: 10px;border-style: solid;border-width: 1px;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">文章全文详见《规划师》2019年09期</strong></p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong 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inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1" data-w="300" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/j8bTq15u0mj6k4Ckpt9pUlBajqJ24jgFIGNJ3avxgpZR1bZPh0P68MrWOlMIOpvVC56WXibMNgZvBSXMaVTFv2Q/640?wx_fmt=png" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="png"  /></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="1.3037037" data-w="1080" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/j8bTq15u0mj6k4Ckpt9pUlBajqJ24jgFa8icFofhyWfBd3un7icPm1icVcRqUxD8uD0DLc200qz0zbkEH3ibvEIwHg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg"  /></section></section><section style="margin: 8px 0% 0px;text-align: left;transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(197, 36, 36);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 14px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">《规划师》杂志社                                    </p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(95, 94, 102);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(40px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="font-size: 12px;color: rgb(117, 114, 114);letter-spacing: 0px;line-height: 1.8;padding: 2px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">地址：广西南宁市青秀区月湾路1号南国弈园6楼</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮编：530029</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">邮箱：planner@21cn.net</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">网址：www.planners.com.cn</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">电话：0771-2438012</p><p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">传真：0771-2436269</p></section></section><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: 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