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<section style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5614583" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/raykBSCslW5FqXgmz1KrEHEoLldAdAMjxIjBF3ogJaUFUH8n33ghfRS0vVw9qG5ia0VyOGzPDfrag6RBhUNmo8Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="960" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 15px 0%;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 15%;padding-right: 1px;padding-left: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);padding: 3px 5px;line-height: 1.6;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 17px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">导</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">读</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 85%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(97, 182, 204);line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">讨论乡村振兴战略以及乡村振兴规划必然需要紧密结合“三农”这一核心抓手，“三农”不仅是一个整体的系统概念，更是一个与时俱进、不断扩展自身内涵的专有名词。本文尝试以“乡业、乡民、乡村、乡愁”四个维度来构建对新时期“三农”问题的解读框架，并探讨乡村振兴规划应该重点关注的方面。包括：以供给侧改革、供应链逻辑为特征的新乡村产业；聚焦生活于乡村空间之上的更加多元化的居民；村庄+田园”的全域空间逻辑；以及通过“乡愁”归源来重塑城乡关系、促进城乡共同繁荣。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);height: 1px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0% 8px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-left: 3px solid rgb(216, 213, 213);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;padding-left: 8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 12px;line-height: 1.6;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">本文为“2018中国城市规划年会”宣讲论文</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">作者：刘瑞刚</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">单位：清华同衡规划设计研究院 总规中心三所</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(45, 66, 87);display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: -1px;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(7, 99, 151);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">前言</strong></p></section><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(160, 160, 160);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: -5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">“三农”与“四乡”</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">乡村振兴的提出，核心是为解决好“三农”问题，所以，开展乡村振兴规划实践，充分理解“三农”是关键！</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(226, 226, 226) 0px 16px 1px -13px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(87, 84, 84);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">? <span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">十九大报告</span>：实施乡村振兴战略。……农业农村农民问题是关系国计民生的根本性问题，必须始终把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作重中之重。</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">? <span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">2018一号文件《中共中央国务院关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见》</span>：实施乡村振兴战略，是新时代做好“三农”工作的总抓手</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">一方面，“三农”概念以及“三农”问题，自一开始就是作为一个整体来提出的。“农业、农民、农村”并不是“三农”的三个组成部分，而是“三农”这个整体概念的三个认知维度。三者之间不仅存在天然不可分割的内在联系，并且势必将走向更为紧密一体的复杂系统。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(226, 226, 226) 0px 16px 1px -13px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(87, 84, 84);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">? “三农”犹如一个魔方的三个面，扭动其中任何一面都会涉及其它；</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">? 而当前针对乡村地区的规划类型，则大多以村庄建设规划或农业规划为主，单就农村论农村、或单就农业论农业，对“三农”问题的系统性认识不够全面。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">另一方面，对于“三农”问题的探索与改革从未止步。“三农”所指的“农业、农民、农村”这三个维度的内涵已经发生了极大的拓展，农业早已不简单的是吃饱饭的问题，农村也不是简单的居民点，农民更不是简单的务农劳动者； </p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(226, 226, 226) 0px 16px 1px -13px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(87, 84, 84);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">? 不是所有农业都在农村，也不是所有在农村的都是农业；</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">? 不是所有农民都生活在农村，也不是所有在农村生活的都是农民；</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">? 不是所有农民都从事农业，也不是所有从事农业的都是农民；</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">因此，基于当前的乡村地区规划类型、以及对“三农”的认知惯性，来促进乡村振兴战略，是有失偏颇的。有必要深入理解当前时期“三农”的演进特征，并反映到具体的规划研究实践中去。本文尝试以“四乡”（乡业、乡民、乡村、乡愁）作为对新时期“三农”内涵的一个解读性框架，并希望以此为线索，探讨“三农”的内涵拓展与内在关联。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(45, 66, 87);display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: -1px;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(7, 99, 151);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">1. 由“农业”到“乡业”</strong></p></section><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(160, 160, 160);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: -5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">以供给侧改革、供应链逻辑为特征的新乡村产业</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">我国农业长期以来都是人多地少，以家庭为单位的“个体农民经济”是传统农业的最大特点，此类小农经济的弊端已有诸多共识。因此，现代农业需要向<span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62);box-sizing: border-box;">规模化、绿色化、注入科技、融合休闲</span>等多方面进行拓展延伸。这早已是一个“大农业+”的体系，也远远超出农业本身的范畴。也可以说成长于乡村的产业是<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">“源于农，但不止于农”</span>。本文姑且以“乡业”来指代这一“大农业+”的乡村产业体系，并尝试总结了两个方面的特征。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.1</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid rgb(7, 99, 151);border-top: 1em solid rgb(7, 99, 151);border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 2em;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(7, 99, 151);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">以供给侧改革逆向思维的产品体系</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">乡业既然源于农，那么农产品理当是产品体系的核心。而农产品则存在周期内不可变，以及周期间可变的特点，这里的周期一般即为作物的一季。因此，</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">“种什么”成为首先要面对的、而且经常要面对的问题</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">。</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">相当长一段时期以来，农民“种什么”更多基于历年收成经验，或受限于自身耕作经验，由此也产生了供给与需求间的错位。突出表现是我国农业的“三高”——粮食产量连年升高、进口数量年年增加、粮食库存越积越多①。直观的感受也是如此，绿色有机食品价格居高不下仍供不应求，婴儿食品海淘代购成为流行，而同时还有大量农民的蔬菜烂在地里出售无路。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">所以，<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">“种什么”一定是以供给侧结构性改革为指导的逆向思维过程，才能避免无谓的浪费或是无效的供给</span>。例如，人们当前需要乡村提供更多样、更安全、可溯源、有内涵情怀、可体验感受、更新鲜美味、更快速送达……的产品。而且现在的互联网、大数据、订单模式等等创新也已经可以很好的支持这个过程。市场需求什么，人民群众需要那些农产品，都可以提前反馈到农业生产前端。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">另外，农业生产还肩负国家粮食安全的重要责任。当前以“黄箱”补贴政策为主的手段也并非长久之计，未来也仍然<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">需要探索更多市场化的方式来实现</span>，这也是供给侧结构性改革的核心问题之一。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4824074" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/raykBSCslW5FqXgmz1KrEHEoLldAdAMjrhuEZOic8fR3GicGUbz3ibV66M2H4sdSVv0FhMDChZK0thGf57qKv0Zow/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">1.2</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid rgb(7, 99, 151);border-top: 1em solid rgb(7, 99, 151);border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 2em;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(7, 99, 151);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">以供应链逻辑系统组织的产业体系</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">从上文这个大的需求体系出发，一方面是逆向决策的产品体系，另一方面则是一个产品从生产到消费者手中的全过程产业链条，以及附加在这个链条上的全方位支撑产业，这也正是供应链概念的主要逻辑，同样也非常符合当前乡村产业体系的发展特征。所以，农业可以“+”的产业类型非常丰富。以农业为基础平台的一二三产融合是最有条件深度推进的。而且，与微笑曲线类似的是，农业供应链各环节的附加值特征应当是一个“碗”状结构，高附加值的产业业态将更多分布在“边沿”环节。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">需要注意的是，面对如此复杂的产业体系，个体农户已然是力不从心的，因此必然需要以企业、合作社、或是其他形式为主体来参与到供应链体系之中，这也是今年中央一号文件中重点提到的方面：<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">“统筹兼顾培育新型农业经营主体和扶持小农户，采取有针对性的措施，把小农生产引入现代农业发展轨道”</span>。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">另一个需要强调的特征是，整个农业供应链各个环节并不需要在空间上集聚。以互联网为平台，很多支撑产业已经可以脱离田间地头，整个供应链的网络是在城乡间交错分布。这也在经济与产业要素联系上提供了城乡融合发展、城市反哺乡村的路径。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4648148" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/raykBSCslW5FqXgmz1KrEHEoLldAdAMjvSWLlod3ibNibicMJC5gUuC6A2kqn8v9MDArEB9WPL0x2JMqjPYKGVFMw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(45, 66, 87);display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: -1px;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(7, 99, 151);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">2. 由“农村”到“乡村”</strong></p></section><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(160, 160, 160);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: -5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.8;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> “村庄+田园”的全域空间逻辑，生态文明时代下人与自然和谐共生的基本空间单元</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">十九大以来，中央对“三农”问题中农村的发展提升到了一个新的高度，从之前重点推进<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">“农业现代化”转为“农业农村现代化”</span>，并在随后的国务院机构改革方案中，组建了农业农村部。从规划的视角来看农村，还有另外一个层面的转变，即<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">从单一的村庄建设规划，转为更加强调“村庄+田园”的全域空间整合规划，也就是从“农村”到“乡村”的转变</span>。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.1</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid rgb(7, 99, 151);border-top: 1em solid rgb(7, 99, 151);border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 2em;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(7, 99, 151);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">以整体视野关注“村庄+田园”的全域空间</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">《城乡规划法》中对于村庄规划内容的规定是：规划区范围，住宅、道路、供水、排水、供电、垃圾收集、畜禽养殖场所等农村生产、生活服务设施、公益事业等各项建设的用地布局、建设要求，以及对耕地等自然资源和历史文化遗产保护、防灾减灾等的具体安排。这其中对于农用地之上的农业涉及很少，间接造成了村庄规划“有钱盖房、没钱刷墙”的窘境。也说明了城乡规划与农业相关学科虽然共同作用于乡村地区，而之间却少有互通。因此，突破学科壁垒，关注“村庄+田园”的全域空间，以跨学科融合来促进乡村地区的“多规合一”势在必行。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">而实际上，关于“村庄+田园”的乡村全域空间实践早已在民间如火如荼的开展，自下而上的空间创新探索从未止步。典型的例子如农业公园、田园综合体等等，都是在“村庄+田园”的基础上，使二者互为依托、相得益彰。形成了丰富多样的乡村空间发展类型，也获得国家的认可与推广。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">“村庄+田园”的乡村全域空间逻辑，并不只是在物理空间上简单的将“村庄+田园”拼合在一起，深层次是<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">生态文明时代背景下人与自然之间的和谐共生追求</span>。这需要农业与城乡规划等相关学科的交叉融合，以及农业+农村的共同现代化来实践。乡村地区的空间规划，必然要整合空间、整合学科、再回归空间，以此为线索来探索乡村地区空间发展的新范式。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4824074" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/raykBSCslW5FqXgmz1KrEHEoLldAdAMjL7icCUMF5JvaZw56anhJtrrxCibvcBZhiaqVXX36XRXpJib8VmAA5KiatAA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">2.2</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid rgb(7, 99, 151);border-top: 1em solid rgb(7, 99, 151);border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 2em;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(7, 99, 151);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村空间规划需要关注土地权属的复杂性</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">除了上文论述的整体视野以及人与自然共生关系之外，还需要深入关注的是<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">乡村地区土地权属的特殊性与复杂性</span>。我国乡村地区土地权属的特殊性在于农村土地集体所有制，这个不做过多论述。我国乡村地区土地权属的复杂性在于，一直在探索农村土地集体所有制的有效实现形式与制度。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">历来对“三块地”（农用地、宅基地、集体经营性建设用地）的改革探索都会极大的激发乡村动能。上世纪八十年代的家庭联产承包责任制，在土地所有权基础上设置了承包权，大大提升了农民的积极性。当前探索的农用地所有权、承包权、经营权三权分置，以及土地征收、集体经营性建设用地入市、宅基地制度改革等等一系列深入推进的举措都使得乡村土地利用方式变得更为灵活与多样。因此也需要持续的给予跟踪研究与关注。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.5314815" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/raykBSCslW5FqXgmz1KrEHEoLldAdAMjvK2u315icb9W9u5Ho6JgqEy7lvGiaGs86icPDDKfvD3bJaC41RzL0HyOg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(45, 66, 87);display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: -1px;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(7, 99, 151);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">3. <span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">由“农民”到“乡民”</span></strong></p></section><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(160, 160, 160);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: -5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 聚焦生活于乡村空间之上的更加多元化的居民</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">农民一词在词典中的定义是务农劳动者，但在“三农”概念中则泛指生活在乡村地区的人口，但在很多的研究中，实际仍然以聚焦劳动力这一群体为主。为了避免混淆，本文以“乡民”来指代生活于乡村空间之上的人群。人的变化同样是乡村振兴规划值得深入探讨研究的一个重要方面。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.1</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid rgb(7, 99, 151);border-top: 1em solid rgb(7, 99, 151);border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1.6;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(7, 99, 151);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">乡村地区人口仍将快速减少，更加多元的</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">人群类型</strong><strong style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">将生活于乡村之上</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">根据相关研究分析，2016年底乡村地区总人口约5.9亿左右②，2030年中国总人口可达到约14.45亿人，城镇化率将达到70%左右，这意味着到2030年，中国乡村地区的人口将在4.3亿左右。也就是说，未来15年左右时间里，乡村地区还要继续减少1.6亿人。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">从其他角度来看，生产率提高后乡村劳动力需求将进一步减少，入城购房与子女教育，农二代生活方式“离土又离乡”等等因素都将在相当长一段时期内，进一步推动乡村地区人口流向城镇。因此，<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">“乡民”数量大规模减少，仍将是乡村地区发展的基本趋势</span>。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">虽然说乡村地区的人口将会减少，但绝非意味着仅仅是乡村向城镇的人口单向流动。未来必将是城乡双向的人口流动特征。乡村地区可以凭借其独特的魅力，吸引更多向往乡村田园生活、志在乡村产业、体验乡村风情的人群。当前国家推行与探索的各类政策——无论是农用地三权分置政策、宅基地三权分置政策还是鼓励人才下乡政策等——都将进一步促进城乡人群的双向流动。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">由此可以预见，<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">未来生活于乡村之上的人群类型必定是多元的</span>。除了原有村民之外，诸如从事现代农业的职业农民、支持乡村振兴的返乡创业人才、长期定居乡村的颐养人群、以及短期体验田园生活的休闲人群等等，都将会更加丰富乡村的人群类型。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">3.2</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid rgb(7, 99, 151);border-top: 1em solid rgb(7, 99, 151);border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 2em;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(7, 99, 151);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">多元化的人群必将重塑乡村社会组织形态</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">费孝通先生在《乡土中国》中，深刻的揭示了中国乡村是以差序格局为特征的熟人社会组织形态。差序格局与熟人社会形成的一个重要原因是几千年来，农民与土地之间密切的束缚关系，以及乡村与外界的隔离状态。而在当前，农民与土地之间的关系开始出现松动（乡村剩余劳动力所带来的2.8亿农民工入城务工③、全国超三分之一承包耕地流转的现实④），现代化的通讯方式与互联网技术也打破了乡村与外界的藩篱，尤其多元化的人群进入乡村后带来的新文化、新生活方式传播，这些都对差序格局以及熟人社会带来一定的影响与冲击，也必将重塑乡村社会的组织形态。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">可以肯定在相当长一段时期内，熟人社会仍将是乡村社会组织的基本形态，还将深刻的影响“乡民”生活的方方面面。然而差序格局与团体格局此消彼长，也必定也会促使二者走向一个新的融合点。<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">今年中央一号文件也是明确提出建立现代乡村社会治理体制，坚持自治为基、法治为本、提升德治水平</span>。而且，我国不同地区的乡村发展阶段也存在巨大差异。因此，讨论乡村振兴与规划，一方面必然要基于新的“乡民”特征与需求来创新乡村治理范式；另一方面，也必须要结合实际探索一条适合于该乡村的治理路径。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4768519" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/raykBSCslW5FqXgmz1KrEHEoLldAdAMj3uJayVibnrW2Ws2QmFSBOkDwu8XTuIQNMdHaEJtn36p8kaqQo0BUtlA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(45, 66, 87);display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: -1px;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(7, 99, 151);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">4. “乡愁”归源</strong></p></section><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(160, 160, 160);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: -5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">重塑城乡关系的关键环节</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">“乡愁”一词被热议，始于2013年12月召开的中央城镇化工作会议：“看得见山、望得见水、记得住乡愁”。“乡愁”能否记得住，能否归源延续，是乡村振兴战略的关键，也是重塑城乡关系的关键。因此，在乡村振兴规划中需要给予重点关注。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.1</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid rgb(7, 99, 151);border-top: 1em solid rgb(7, 99, 151);border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 2em;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(7, 99, 151);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">逝去的“荣归故里”与记不起的“乡愁”</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">在农耕文明时期，以乡村为载体孕育的乡土文化，是我国文化的根源所在。而这个根源在工业化与城镇化快速推进时期受到了巨大的冲击，也因此造成了城乡之间文脉的对立。相比于城乡其他方面的差异，<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">文脉上的对立所带来的问题与危害更为致命</span>。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">曾经几千年来的“荣归故里、告老还乡、卸甲归田……”不仅仅是个人的故乡情结，其实更是促进城乡之间文化交流的纽带，这个纽带是基于城乡平等的前提下实现的。在城乡对立的时期，对乡土文化的不认同造成了城乡之间联系的断裂。逝去的“荣归故里”、以及记不起的“乡愁”，只会造成乡村持续的衰落；而失去乡村的城市，就成了无源之水、无本之木。所以，乡村要想振兴，必先从文化上取得普遍的认同，也就是需要人们记住“乡愁”，促进“乡愁”归源。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);height: 2px;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;height: 2em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;line-height: 2em;background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">4.2</p></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;border-left: 0.5em solid rgb(7, 99, 151);border-top: 1em solid rgb(7, 99, 151);border-right: 0.5em solid transparent !important;border-bottom: 1em solid transparent !important;box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;line-height: 1.6;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(7, 99, 151);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">以“乡愁”归源增加乡村价值认同</strong></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">促进城乡共同繁荣</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">“乡愁”归源的目的是促进乡村振兴，进而实现城乡共同繁荣。但是从“乡愁”归源到城乡共同繁荣之间，存在一个递进的逻辑链条。即<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">“乡愁归源——价值认同——城乡平等——要素流动——乡村振兴——城乡繁荣”</span>。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">也就是说，以“乡愁”归源，可以增加乡村的价值认同；只有乡村价值得到广泛认同，才能够真正实现城乡平等；平等的城乡之间，才能够自然而然的发生要素流动，包括人才、资本、技术等等，而且这个要素流动是以共同的乡村价值观为基础的，是真正意义上去支撑乡村的发展，而不是逐利的“资本下乡”；一旦要素流动起来，乡村振兴则指日可待，城乡也可以实现共同繁荣。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;"><img class="raw-image" data-ratio="0.4657407" src="http://read.html5.qq.com/image?src=forum&q=5&r=0&imgflag=7&imageUrl=http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/raykBSCslW5FqXgmz1KrEHEoLldAdAMjt6asSBagQohyKkFuXBkh1j3F1QtokplB05DNjE5O5TMCefz1mxMmnw/640?wx_fmt=png" data-type="png" data-w="1080" style="vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;"  /></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(45, 66, 87);display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: -1px;font-size: 18px;color: rgb(7, 99, 151);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">结语</strong></p></section><section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(160, 160, 160);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: -5px;margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: center;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 规划师在乡村振兴中的着力点</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(226, 226, 226);padding: 10px;box-shadow: rgb(226, 226, 226) 0px 16px 1px -13px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(87, 84, 84);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">? 无论在哪里的乡村产业，如果不能惠于乡民与乡村，都算不上是好乡业；</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">? 无论建设成什么样的乡村，如果不能有效承载乡业与乡民，都算不上美乡村；</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">? 无论谁生活在乡村之上，如果不是真正热爱乡村、衷于乡业，都算不上是真乡民；</strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">? 无论承载哪些要素的乡村，如果不能构建自身价值体系，都难以说得上是振兴；</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">本文所提出的“四乡”并非替代“三农”的新概念，而是以规划者的视角对“三农”以及乡村振兴规划关注重点的理解——<span style="color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box;">乡村虽小但却是一个以“三农”问题为核心的复杂系统，从不同的维度出发，都会涉及到全貌</span>。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">因此，对乡村振兴的规划研究，不宜拆分若干板块分头展开，应该将其视为一个整体，需要系统的思维，多学科介入、跨学科融合。从这个角度来讲，平台作用远大于技术技巧！所以，规划行业进入乡村振兴、城市规划师进入乡村领域，最大的优势不是空间设计，而是规划的系统平台作用，以及规划师的系统性思维能力。</p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="padding-left: 1em;padding-right: 1em;display: inline-block;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="display: inline-block;padding: 0.3em 0.5em;box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 4px 4px 2px;background-color: rgb(160, 160, 160);font-size: 13px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">注释</p></span></section><section style="border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204);margin-top: -1em;box-shadow: rgba(249, 110, 87, 0) 0px 1.4px 1px;padding: 20px 10px 10px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">①引自陈锡文，农业供给侧结构性改革的几个重大问题，农业信息化，2016，5，P38</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">②数据引自中央农村工作领导小组原副组长兼办公室主任陈锡文的《实施乡村振兴战略，推进农业农村现代化》一文，文中提到：我们现在常住人口的城镇化率已经达到了57.35%，2016年有7.9亿人是统计在城镇人口中，其中包括2.2亿户口在农村但是在城镇工作生活超过半年的人。但是按这个口径计算，2016年年底常住在农村的人还有接近5.9亿，这是中国的基本国情，就是人口众多，其中农业人口的比重比较高。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">③数据引自国家统计局网站，中华人民共和国2016年国民经济和社会发展统计公报，http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201702/t20170228_1467424.html，其中提到：全国农民工总量28171万人，比上年增长1.5%。其中，外出农民工16934万人，增长0.3%；本地农民工11237万人，增长3.4%。</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">④数据引自新华网，http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2016-11/17/c_1119933443.htm，其中提到：截至2016年6月底，全国承包耕地流转面积达到4.6亿亩，超过承包耕地总面积的1/3。</p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin: 10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;height: 240px;vertical-align: top;overflow-y: auto;box-sizing: border-box;-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;"><section style="overflow-x: hidden;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgba(245, 245, 245, 0.72);box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="text-align: left;transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-webkit-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-moz-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);-o-transform: translate3d(10px, 0px, 0px);box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">参考文献</strong></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="text-align: justify;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(160, 160, 160);line-height: 1.8;padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">1 贾俊民，葛文光. 关于三农概念与三农问题提法的考察.中国农村观察.2013，（5）：86-94</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">2 费孝通.  乡土中国.  上海人民出版社, 2006</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">3 陈锡文. 乡村振兴是关系中国全面发展，并最终建成现代化强国的大事. 中国农业文摘.农业工程. 2018，（1）：5-7</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">4 陈锡文. 实施乡村振兴战略，推进农业农村现代化. 中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）. 2018，（2）：5-12</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">5 陈锡文. 论农业供给侧结构性改革. 中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）. 2017，（4）：5-13</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">6 陈锡文. 我国农村改革的历程（一）. 百年潮. 2017，（1）：5-19</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">7 陈锡文. 我国农村改革的历程（二）. 百年潮. 2017，（2）：5-16</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">8 上官酒瑞. 从差序格局走向团体格局——农民组织化与乡村和谐社会建设的政治学视野. 政治与法律. 2009，（1）：59-64</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">9 黄祖辉，徐旭初，蒋文华. 中国“三农”问题：分析框架、现实研判和解决思路. 中国农村经济. 2009，（7）：4-11</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">10 刘守英. 土地制度变革与经济结构转型. 中国土地科学. 2018，（1）：1-10</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">11 韩一军，姜楠，赵霞，柳苏芸. 我国农业供给侧结构性改革的内涵、理论架构及实现路径. 新疆师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）. 2017，（9）：34-40</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">12 胡映兰. 论乡土文化的变迁. 中国社会科学院研究生院学报. 2013，（6）：94-101</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">13 刘晓峰. 我国乡土文化的特征及其转型. 理论与现代化. 2014，（1）：66-71</p><p style="white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;">14 刘永佶. 中国农村土地制度的改革. 中国特色社会主义研究. 2014，（1）：40-50</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"  /></p></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><section style="margin-right: 0%;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="background-color: rgb(7, 99, 151);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 13px;padding-left: 5px;padding-right: 5px;margin-bottom: 4px;box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">相关链接</strong></p></section><section style="border-top: 2px dotted rgb(202, 198, 198);width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="gulangu"><a title="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4OTMyNzIzOA==&mid=2650765998&idx=2&sn=697df8ae91565e89a282b950ebb4fe88&scene=21#wechat_redirect" formlinkparm=""https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzA4OTMyNzIzOA==&mid=2650765998&idx=2&sn=697df8ae91565e89a282b950ebb4fe88&scene=21#wechat_redirect"" 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